英语语法——非谓语动词
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。
例题一.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。
例题二____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。
非谓
非谓语语法功能的比较
注意：the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥
非谓语动词高考考点
【考点一】不定式作状语
不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。
To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
2．不定式用于so...as to ...，such...as to；enough to；too...to；only to等结构中作结果状语。
（1）Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？
（2）He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
（3）He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。
注意：“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。（4）His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。
【经典考题】
1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting________. A．to discover B．to be discovered
C．discovered D．being discovered
2．—Why are the students working so hard these days.
—________ready for the coming entrance examination.
A．To get B．Get
C．Getting D．Got
3．With Father’s Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.
A．buy B．to buy
C．buying D．to have bought
【考点二】过去分词作状语
1．过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
（1）Given the right kind of training，these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。
（2）Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
得到提醒不要错过15∶20的航班，他匆忙出发过了机场。
2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
【经典考题】
1. ________from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．Seen B．Seeing
C．Having seen D．To see
2．Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________with his old one. A．comparing B．compares
C．to compare D．compared
【考点三】现在分词作状语
1．动词的ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
（1）Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)
（2）My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.
我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。(结果)
（3）As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)
当交通路灯变绿灯时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。
2．现在分词有：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。
一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；
被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；
完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；
完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
（1）Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.
没有得到答复，他决定再写信去。
（2）The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)
在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。
（3）Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.
多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。
3（记住）．有一些固定结构，如：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。
（1）Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.
把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。
（2）Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.
从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
4．现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：如果是意义上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词形式；如果是意义上的动宾关系，则一般用过去分词。
（1）Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)
（2）Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)
【经典考题】
1. Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A．struggling B．struggled
C．having struggled D．to struggle
2．________at my classm ates’ faces，I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A．Looking B．Look
C．To look D．Looked
3．________a written permission，he had to write another letter to the president of the university.
A．Not giving B．Not having been given
C．Having not given D．Having not been given
【考点四】非谓语动词作定语
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm. 早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。
3．动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。
【经典考题】
1. I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems________.
A．remaining to settle B．remaining to be settled C．remained to talk about D．to remain to discuss
2．Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one ________ first is the library.
A．repaired B．being repaired
C．repairing D．to be repaired
【考点五】非谓语动词作宾补
1．过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
（1）I’ll have my house painted tomorrow.
明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)
（2）（When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时，我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。
2．现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。
【经典考题】
1. Listen！Do you hear someone ________ for help?
A．calling B．call C．to call D．called 2．Alexander tried to get his work ________in the medical circles. A．to recognize B．recognizing
C．recognize D．recognized
3．It’s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt ________with him. A．to protected B．protected
C．protecting D．to be protected
【考点六】have, get后接三种形式作宾补
have，get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have，get表示“使、让、叫”之意。1．have sth. done＝get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)
I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。
Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
2. have/get sb. /sth. doing 使某人/物持续做某事
注意：have sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。
3. have sb. do sth. 叫某人做某事
【经典考题】
1．I have a lot of readings ________before the end of this term. A．completing B．to complete
C．completed D．being completed
2．With the world changing fast，we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A．deal B．dealt
C．to deal D．dealing
3．Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers ________to her mother on her birthday.
A．send B．sent
C．sending D．being sent
非谓语动词高考真题练习
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter。m
B. to enter
C. entering。m
D. entered
2He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope。m
B. hope
C. hoping。m
D. hoped
3.He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise。m
B. to practise
C. practising。m
D. practised
4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improve。m
B. to improve
C. improving
D. to improving
5.He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing
B. to do
C. being doing
D. to be done
6. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do
B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doi ng
D. is devoted to doing
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly
B. your flight
C. flight
D. flying
8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do
B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing
D. to working, to do
9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. on buying
D. in buying
10.“Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing
B. to be typed
C. typed
D. to type
11. I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
12. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ t he beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire
B. Being tired; admiring
C. Tired; to admire
D. Tired; admiring
13. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
14. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be put
C. to put
D. putting
15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen
B. Having been stolen
C. Stolen
D. Stealing
16. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly
B. finishing quickly
C. to finish quickly
D. finish quickly
17. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised
B. advertised
C. advertise
D. advertising
18. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the
river.
A. to have discovered
B. to have been discovered
C. to discover
D. having been discovered
19. —— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
——Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be
B. to change; being
C. changing; being
D. changing; to be
20. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do
B. to have done
C. to be doing
D. to have been doing
21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. having prepared
22.（山西省晋中市2009学年度高三年级第一次调研考试题，35）I walked out of the cinema,
I'd never come back to this hell of a place．
A．determining B．decided C．to determine D．to decide
23.（山东省日照市2009年高三模拟考试，26）Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had in the new country．
A．settled B．settling C．to settle D．settle
24. （山东省济宁市2008—2009学年度高三第一阶段质量检测，32）There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise.
A．following B．to follow C．followed D．followed by
25.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，30） in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world．
A．Dressed B．Worn C．Dressing D．Wearing
26.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，34）The problems at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve．
A．discussed B．to discuss C．to be discussed D．discussing
27.（唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，20）When why he behaved that way at table，he made no reply．
A．being asked B．asked C．asking D．to ask
28. （唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，23），Mom had
a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest．
A．With her housework done B．With her housework being done
C．With her housework doing D．With her housework to do
29.（湖南省衡阳市八中2009年上期高二第一次月考试卷，31）The manager introduced the rule s that she would like to see _______ the next year.
A. establish
B. establishing
C. established
D. to establish
30.（重庆市一中08-09学年高二上学期期末，22）_____ in thought completely, he didn’t even know what was going on.
A. Losi ng
B. Lost
C. Having lost
D. Having been lost
【答案与解析解析】
1.
【解析】其实正确答案应是B此句为省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。
2
【解析】此题的答案是C不是A，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
3.
【解析】此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
4.
【解析】此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
5.
【解析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：
can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
6.
【解析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：
(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。
(2) 选A错误：若将do 改为doing 则可以。
(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。
(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5) 选D错误：若单独看All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为being也可选它。
7.
【解析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8.
【解析】正确答案为B，因为get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形9.
【解析】答案应选C。其实，动词insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that 从
句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。
10.
【解析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的some clothes 与其后的不定式to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如I have some clothes to wash 中的to wash 就是由该句主语I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的to type 这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。
11.
【解析】happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
【答案】D
12.
【解析】tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事
【答案】C
13.
【解析】非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
【答案】B
14.
【解析】catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住sb在做一件事情。
【答案】D
15.
【解析】从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
【答案】 A
16.
【解析】题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
【答案】C
17.
【解析】advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
【答案】 A
19.
【解析】consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
【答案】D
20.
【解析】由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式，表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
【答案】B
21.
【解析】由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
【答案】C
22.
【解析】determining 与主语I 是主谓关系，逗号后面不是一个并列句，因此排除选项B。不定式一般表示将来，不符合题意。
【答案】 A
23.
【解析】have difficulty （in）doing sth为固定搭配，因此选B。
【答案】B
24.
【解析】根据常识，先看见闪电，后听见雷声，因此要用过去分词，由by引出宾语。
【答案】D
25.
【解析】Dressed in+衣服，固定搭配，表示处于一种状态。
【答案】 A
26.
【解析】The problems 与discuss之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态；tomorrow 这个时间状语决定应该是将来的事情，不定式可以表示将来，因此选C。
【答案】C
27.
【解析】句意：当他被问到在餐桌旁为什么那样表现时，他没有做出回答。根据题意，应选过去分词，此处为省略句，相当于when he was asked......。
【答案】B
28.
【解析】housework和do是动宾关系，过去分词done表示被动和完成，符合题意。意思是“做完家务后，妈妈喝了一杯咖啡，然后休息了一会儿。”
【答案】 A
29.
【解析】see sth done 固定搭配，establish与rules之间是动宾关系。句子的意思是：经理介绍了一些她希望明年生效的规定。
【答案】C
30.
【解析】句意强调主语沉思，而不知道下一步将要做什么事情。由主语he，我们可知应用主动语态，排除选项D；Having lost表示动作发生在主语动作之前，不和题意，排除C；过去分词作形容词，可以表示主语所处的一种状态，符合题意。
【答案】B
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
词谓语动非在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）. 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：+“特殊疑问句+to , 疑问词+动词）2（．t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I don't decide when to go there. I can'注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign
高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry. A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．ask 【答案】A 【解析】 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
-非谓语部分 1. ____ some students, the teacher entered the hall. A. Following B. Followed C. Being followed D. Having followed 2. ____, and he had to go back home. A. Day having broken B. Night had fallen C. The day had broken D. Night fallen 3. Hearing his father was seriously ill, ____. A. he burst into tears B. his eyes were filled with tears C. his face lost its color D. tears came to his eyes 4. He did all this to make her ____, so she was very angry with him. A. laughed B. a good man C. laughing D. laughed at 5. Entering the house, I found Jane ____ at the desk and ____ something. A. seat; write B. sitting; writing C. seating; writing D. seated; to write 6. ____ so many people in the hall, I had to push my way to the front. A. Being B. There were C. There being D. As being 7. --- What would you like for breakfast? --- I don’t feel like ____. A. to eat something B. eating anything C. to eat anything D.eating nothing 8. He got out of the car, ____ to the nearest house and telephoned his friend for help. A. walked B. walking C. to walk D. walk
【英语】高一英语非谓语动词解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解 析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（四川）Little Tom sat ________watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A．amaze B．amazing C．amazed D．to amaze 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查形容词作状语。句意：小汤姆坐在那里惊讶地看着猴子在他面前跳舞。amazed感到惊讶的，修饰人，此处作伴随状语，表状态。本题主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。故选C。 2．I am so thrilled to have my underwater photos ______ in the National Geographic and on the cover! A．to be featured B．featured C．being featured D．to feature 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我很兴奋我的水下照片出现在《国家地理》杂志里和封面上。have sth done使某事被做，这是个固定用法。故选B。 3．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ___________. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．having recognized D．having been recognized 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题考查动词的非谓语动词形式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。根据题中的介词without判断，此后应该使用动词的动名词形式，由于他是被人认出的，所以应该用动名词的被动式，所以选B。 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 4．In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ______ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel. A．making B．made C．make D．makes 【答案】A
-高中英语语法强化训练(非谓语动词续) ( )1.European football is played in 80 countries ,______it the most popular sport in the world A. making B, makes C. made D to make ( )2The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year . A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ( )3.The purpose of new technologies in to make life easier, _______it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make ( B )5.I’ve worked with children before ,so I know what ______in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects ( )6.A computer does only what thinking people _______. A. have it to B. nave it done C. have done it D. having it done ( )7.What worried the child most was ____to visit his mother in the hospital . A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed ( ) 8.Cleaning woman in big cities usually get ______by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay ( )9.They are not very good, but we like_______. anyway to play basketball with them to play basketball with them anyway to play with them basketball anyway with them to play basketball anyway ( )10 He sent me an e-mail ,_______to get further information. hoped B hoping C. to hope D. hope ( )11._____is 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being rounded B it was founded C. Founded D. Founding ( )12,The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake.
高中非谓语动词练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library A．to borrow B．borrowed C．to be borrowed D．borrowing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：怀特抬头给学生看一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。分析句子可知，这里需要非谓语动词修饰maps，因为maps和borrow是被动关系吗，所以用过去分词做定语，故选B。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend. A．to be held B．being held C．held D．is to be held 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。 4． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结
高考非谓语动词专项练习180题 非谓语动词专练（一） 1.Tell Mary that there's someone _______for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 2.There is a big dog _______to a fence outside the house. A. tying B. tied C. to tie D .ties 3.The_______waiter came up to us and said, "You are welcome." A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. _______the early train, you'll have to get up early and rush in a taxi. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 5.There, in the corner, sat three girls, _______. A. sew B. were sewing C. to sew D. sewing 6.Whether it will do us harm remains_______. A. seen B. seeing C. being seen D. to be seen 7.Whom would you rather have _______with you, him or me? A. to be gone B. gone C. going D. go 8.The power station keeps the villages ______ with electricity. A. supplied B. to supply C. supplying D. having supplied 9.The path in the park looked beautiful, _______ with _______ leaves. A. covered; falling B. covered; fallen C. covering; falling D. covering, fallen 10.I won't go to the party even if_______. A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. having invited 11.All work is pleasant_ ______when the habit of working is formed. A. done B. doing C. to do D. to be done 12.The man _______in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. wore 13.People are talking about the new play _______in two weeks. A. to be put on B. to put on C. being put on D. put on 14.The man _______in the chair asked me to _______. A. seated; seated B. sitting; sitting C. seating; seat D. seated; be seated 15.I happened _______with him when he was hit by a stone. A.I was talking B. talking C. to talk D. to be talking 16.We are not sure which restaurant _______tonight. A. eating at B. for eating C. to eat at D. we eat 17.The way Della thought of _______enough money was to sell her beautiful hair. A. got B. to be got C. to get D. get 18.A phone call sent him _______to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurry D. hurried
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
非谓语动词专项练习 1.The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 2._______ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds. A. Inspired B. Being inspired C. To be inspired D. Inspiring 3.It's no good _______ here. Let's go home. A. to wait B. waited C. waiting D. being waited 4.I listened to the wind, ______ that he would not come tonight. A. thinking B. to think C. thought D. being thinking 5.As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time. A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished 6.I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time. A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having 7.Tom apologized to me ______ again. A. to be late B. of being late C. to have been late D. for being late 8.I remained _______ long after I had been told the story. A. puzzling B. puzzled C. being puzzled D. to be puzzled 9.Will you lend him a magazine _________? A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read 10.The article _________on this subject was written by Mr. Black. A. referring B. referred C. referring to D. referred to 11.Living near the sea, ___________________. A. we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight B. healthy air and beautiful sight is what we enjoy C. it is healthy air and beautiful sight we enjoy D. so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight 12.__________ since the night before, I felt very hungry. A. Having not eaten anything B. Not eating anything C. I hadn't eaten anything D. Not having eaten anything 13.We then listened to the child ________ the article ______ on the blackboard. A. read, writing B. reading, writing C. to read, written D. read, written 14.________ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 15._________ such a chance, why don't you have a try? A. To give B. Having C. Given D. Giving 16.We discussed the plan that we would like to see ________ the next week. A. carry on B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 17._________ made them much disappointed. A. His not coming back B. Not his coming back C. He not to come back D. Not he come back 18.Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A. to be killed B. to kill C. killed D. to have been killed 19.I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday. A. joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join 20.He tried to calm himself, _______ . A. force B. to force C. forcing D. forced 21.____________ , I went to the park with my uncle. A. As holiday B. Being no classes C. Since have no classes D. It being a holiday 22. "Do you mind _________?" "Go ahead." A. opening the door B. your opening the door C. my opening the door D. I opening the door 23. I have one or two things ____________. A. to look B. to see C. to see to D. to look to 24._________ is bad for his health. A. Mike smoking B. Mike's smoking C. Mike's being smoking D. Mike smokes 25.I came into the classroom, ______ my seat and sat down to read. A. finding B. to find C. found D. founded 26.I am tired and I don't feel like _____ any further. A. to walk B. to be walking C. walking D. walk 27.She did nothing but ________walk in the street. A. taking B. take C. to take D. took 28.It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now. A. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 29.I ________ my handbag stolen last week. A. had B. let C. lost D. left 30.________ by a crowd of people, I felt nervous, ______ what to say. A. Watching, didn't know B. Having watched, and not knew C. Having been watch, not known D. Being watched, not knowing
初中非谓语动词大总结（系列） 第一部分：谓语与非谓语的区别 高中段老师在讲解非谓语动词的概念的时候，会出现很大的困难，学生在理解这个用法灵活的概念遇到了极大的障碍，它虽然是动词，但却可以承担除了谓语之外的若干种成份，这就让学生在理解这类词的用法时产生了较大的偏差，究其根源在于，在初中段，老师们没有对谓语和非谓语动词进行一个明确的界定，所以才导致了许多高一新生在高一第一学期必修一的第一单元中听不懂老师所说的“过去分词做定语”之类的专业术语，以至于对这一类题目常常不知所措，笔者根据多年的高中教学经验，特此总结了初中英语非谓语部分的用法，较全面，如果再加了配套练习，就更好用，希望能与各位同仁分享 明确界定谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 原则一：在一个句子，一般一个主语应配套一个谓语，（并列谓语除外），如一个主语后跟了两个动词，就应该有一个是谓语动词，一个应该是非谓语动词，这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动” 如：我去书店买一些书，在此句中，只有一个主语“我”，却有两个动词“去”和“买”，那么“去”就应该是谓语动词，“买”就应该是非谓语动词 例句：(1)I went to the bookshop to buy some books 谓语非谓语 (2)He enjoys playing basketball 谓语非谓 （3）I sing and play my favourite songs 并列谓语 . 原则二：谓语动词体现的时态，与时间状语有关 非谓语与时态无关 （1）He enjoys reading books every day 谓语（现在时）非谓现在时标志时间状语 （2）He enjoyed reading books last year 谓语（过去时）非谓语过去时标志时间状语 谓语动词会受时间状语的影响，体现各种时态 非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响，与时态无关，与主语的单复数无关原则三谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十六种基本时态（含被动），而非谓只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）to do , doing , done 如He finished reading the novels 过去时doing He has something to be sent 现在时to do被动 They were rebuilding the damaged house 过去进行时done Kate had found the missing boy 过去完成时doing