Chapter6- Review-Earthquake

unit4 Earthquake(知识点)Unit 4: EarthquakesIntroduction:Earthquakes are natural disasters that occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing the ground to shake. They can cause widespread destruction and lead to loss of life. In this unit, we will explore various aspects of earthquakes, including their causes, effects, and ways to mitigate their impact.I. What Causes Earthquakes?Earthquakes can be triggered by several factors, but the majority of them occur due to the movement of tectonic plates. As the Earth's crust consists of several large plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere, their constant motion can create stress and tension. When the stress becomes too high, it is released in the form of seismic waves, causing an earthquake.II. Types of Earthquakes:1. Tectonic Earthquakes:- These are the most common type of earthquakes and occur at plate boundaries.- There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform.- Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart, while convergent boundaries occur where plates collide. Transform boundaries occur where plates slide past each other horizontally.- The intensity and magnitude of tectonic earthquakes vary depending on factors such as the type of boundary and the amount of accumulated stress.2. Volcanic Earthquakes:- Volcanic activity can also lead to earthquakes.- When magma rises to the surface, it can cause the surrounding rocks to crack, resulting in volcanic earthquakes.- These earthquakes are usually localized around the volcano and are associated with volcanic eruptions.3. Induced Earthquakes:- Human activities can sometimes trigger earthquakes.- Activities such as mining, reservoir-induced seismicity (due to filling of large reservoirs), and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) can induce seismic events.- Induced earthquakes may occur in areas where the Earth's crust is already under stress.III. Earthquake Effects:1. Surface Effects:- Shaking of the ground during an earthquake can cause various surface effects.- Buildings and infrastructure may collapse or suffer severe damage, leading to injuries and loss of life.- Landslides, ground cracks, and changes in the landscape can also occur.2. Secondary Effects:- Earthquakes can trigger secondary effects such as tsunamis, which are large ocean waves generated by the displacement of water.- Fires may break out due to damaged electrical systems or ruptured gas pipelines.- The movement of the ground can also lead to liquefaction, where saturated soil temporarily loses its strength and behaves like a liquid.IV. Mitigating Earthquake Impact:1. Preparedness:- Education and public awareness are crucial for earthquake preparedness.- Communities should have disaster response plans, evacuation routes, and emergency supplies in place.- Conducting regular drills and training sessions can help people understand the appropriate actions to take during an earthquake.2. Building Design:- Constructing buildings and infrastructure that can withstand seismic forces is essential.- Engineers use various techniques, such as base isolation and dampers, to reduce the impact of earthquakes on structures.- Building codes and regulations should be followed to ensure safety standards are met.3. Early Warning Systems:- Advances in technology have made it possible to develop early warning systems for earthquakes.- These systems can detect initial seismic waves and provide a few seconds to minutes of warning before the more destructive waves arrive.- Early warning can help prompt evacuations and give people time to take cover.Conclusion:Earthquakes are powerful natural phenomena that can have devastating consequences. By understanding their causes, effects, and implementing effective mitigation strategies, we can work towards minimizing the impact of earthquakes and protecting lives and infrastructure. Increased public awareness and preparedness are vital in ensuring resilience against these unpredictable yet recurring events.。

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地震高中英语阅读理解Earthquakes: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Earth's Dynamic ForcesEarthquakes, the sudden and often violent shaking of the Earth's surface, have captivated the human imagination for centuries. These powerful natural phenomena have the ability to reshape the landscape, topple structures, and claim countless lives, leaving an indelible mark on the collective consciousness of humanity. As we delve into the intricate workings of earthquakes, we uncover a complex tapestry of scientific understanding that not only illuminates the forces that shape our planet but also highlights the ongoing efforts to mitigate the devastating impact of these events.At the heart of earthquake science lies the theory of plate tectonics, which revolutionized our understanding of the Earth's dynamic interior. This theory posits that the Earth's surface is composed of a series of massive plates, constantly in motion, driven by the convection of the planet's molten interior. The boundaries between these plates are the primary loci of seismic activity, as the relentless forces of compression, tension, and shear create immense stresses that are ultimately released in the form of earthquakes.When tectonic plates collide, one plate is typically forced beneath the other, a process known as subduction. This subduction zone is a hotbed of seismic activity, as the descending plate generates intense friction and pressure, triggering a series of earthquakes. The Pacific Ring of Fire, a region encircling the Pacific Ocean, is a prime example of this, with a high concentration of active volcanoes and frequent earthquake occurrences.Earthquakes, however, are not limited to plate boundaries; they can also occur within the interior of tectonic plates, often along pre-existing fault lines. These intraplate earthquakes can be equally devastating, as evidenced by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan, which triggered a devastating tsunami and caused widespread destruction.The magnitude of an earthquake, a measure of the energy released during the event, is a crucial factor in determining its potential for destruction. The Richter scale, developed in the 1930s by American seismologist Charles Richter, provides a logarithmic scale for measuring earthquake magnitude, with each unit increase representing a tenfold increase in the amount of energy released. The most powerful earthquakes, often referred to as "megaquakes," can reach magnitudes exceeding 9.0 on the Richter scale, releasing staggering amounts of energy and causing catastrophic damage.While the raw power of earthquakes is awe-inspiring, the true tragedy lies in the human cost of these events. Densely populated urban centers, often built atop vulnerable geological structures, bear the brunt of the destruction, with buildings collapsing, infrastructure crumbling, and lives lost. The 2010 Haiti earthquake, for instance, claimed over 300,000 lives and left countless more injured or displaced, highlighting the devastating impact of these natural disasters on vulnerable communities.In the face of such immense challenges, the scientific community has dedicated itself to understanding the complex mechanisms that drive earthquakes, with the ultimate goal of improving our ability to predict and mitigate their consequences. Advancements in seismic monitoring technology, the development of early warning systems, and the implementation of stringent building codes have all played a crucial role in reducing the loss of life and property during earthquakes.Yet, the unpredictable nature of these events remains a formidable challenge. Earthquake prediction, long the Holy Grail of seismology, has proven to be an elusive goal, as the complex interplay of factors that trigger seismic events continues to defy our best efforts at forecasting. Nonetheless, scientists remain undaunted, leveraging the power of data analysis, computational modeling, and interdisciplinary collaboration to unravel the mysteries of the Earth'sdynamic forces.Beyond the scientific realm, the impact of earthquakes has also shaped the cultural and societal landscape of affected regions. The resilience and adaptability of communities in the face of such adversity have inspired awe and admiration, as people come together to rebuild and recover in the aftermath of these events. The lessons learned from past earthquakes have informed urban planning, emergency response protocols, and disaster management strategies, ensuring that we are better prepared to face the challenges that lie ahead.As we continue to grapple with the realities of a changing climate and the increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters, the study of earthquakes assumes an even greater importance. By understanding the complex interplay of tectonic forces, we can develop more effective strategies for mitigating the impact of these events, protecting vulnerable populations, and ensuring the long-term resilience of our communities.In the end, the story of earthquakes is one of both humility and resilience. It reminds us of the raw power of nature and the fragility of our human constructs, but it also inspires us to push the boundaries of scientific understanding, to innovate, and to work together in the face of adversity. As we continue to unravel themysteries of the Earth's dynamic forces, we are reminded of our place in the grand tapestry of our planet, and the vital importance of our collective efforts to safeguard our future.。

当地震来临的时候英语作文（优秀7篇）关于地震初二英语作文篇一An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of Earth#39;s rocky outer shell. Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying. A severe earthquake may release energy 10,000 times as great as that of the first atomic bomb. Rock movements during an earthquake can make rivers change their course. Earthquakes can trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life. Large earthquakes beneath the ocean can create a series of huge, destructive waves called tsunamis (pronounced tsoo NAH meez) that flood coasts for many miles.Earthquakes almost never kill people directly. Instead, many deaths and injuries in earthquakes result from falling objects and the collapse of buildings, bridges, and other structures. Fire resulting from broken gas or power lines is another major danger during a quake. Spills of hazardous chemicals are also a concern during an earthquake.The force of an earthquake depends on how much rock breaks and how far it shifts. Powerful earthquakes can shake firm ground violently for great distances. During minor earthquakes, the vibration may be no greater than the vibration caused by a passing truck.On average, a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years. At least 40 moderate earthquakes cause damage somewhere in the world each year. About 40,000 to 50,000 small earthquakes--large enough to be felt but not damaging--occur annually.地震的英语作文篇二At 2 PM on May 12, 2008, 28 points, we are at the noon hour and are prepared wake up, all of a sudden, the alarm bells, teachers hurriedly picked us under floor, because, we still asleep, holding we all go on, began to take clothes.。

百科英语阅读地震Earthquakes: Exploring the Fascinating World of Seismic ActivityEarthquakes are one of the most awe-inspiring and powerful natural phenomena on our planet. These sudden and often devastating events have captivated the human imagination for centuries, leading to a rich tapestry of scientific understanding and cultural significance. As we delve into the topic of earthquake-related English reading, we will uncover the intricacies of this dynamic geological process, its impact on our lives, and the ways in which we strive to comprehend and mitigate its effects.At the heart of earthquake studies lies the fundamental understanding of plate tectonics the intricate dance of the Earth's vast crustal plates as they slowly shift and collide over time. This dynamic movement is the driving force behind the majority of seismic activity, as the immense stresses and strains built up along plate boundaries are periodically released in the form of earthquakes. By studying the patterns and characteristics of these tectonic movements, scientists have been able to develop sophisticated models and prediction methods, allowing us to better anticipate and prepare for the consequences of these natural occurrences.One of the most crucial aspects of earthquake-related English reading is the exploration of the various types of seismic waves that radiate outward from the epicenter of an earthquake. Primary waves (P-waves) and secondary waves (S-waves) are the two primary classifications, each with distinct properties and propagation patterns. Understanding the behavior of these waves is essential for accurately locating the origin of an earthquake, as well as for designing structures that can withstand the shaking and stresses they impart. Additionally, the study of surface waves, which travel along the Earth's crust, has provided valuable insights into the underlying geological structure and composition of our planet.Alongside the scientific understanding of earthquakes, the cultural significance of these events has also been a rich subject of exploration. Across the globe, various societies have developed unique perspectives on the causes and meanings of earthquakes, often rooted in mythology, religion, and traditional beliefs. From the ancient Greek god Poseidon's role in shaking the earth to the Japanese belief in the earth-shaking activities of the dragon godRyūjin, these cultural narratives have shaped our collective understanding and response to seismic events.In the modern era, the study of earthquakes has become increasingly interdisciplinary, drawing upon fields such as engineering,seismology, geography, and disaster management. The development of advanced monitoring and early warning systems has been a crucial area of focus, allowing for more effective preparedness and emergency response. Additionally, the study of historical earthquake records and the mapping of fault lines have provided invaluable insights into the patterns and probabilities of future seismic events, informing urban planning and infrastructure design.As we continue to deepen our understanding of earthquakes, the importance of earthquake-related English reading cannot be overstated. By engaging with the latest research, case studies, and technological advancements in this field, we can better comprehend the complex interplay between the Earth's internal dynamics and their profound impact on human societies. Whether it is through the study of seismic wave propagation, the analysis of earthquake-resistant building design, or the exploration of cultural and historical perspectives, the pursuit of earthquake knowledge remains a critical endeavor in our quest to coexist more harmoniously with the dynamic forces that shape our planet.In conclusion, the study of earthquakes through English reading offers a multifaceted and captivating journey of scientific discovery, cultural exploration, and practical application. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of these powerful natural events, we deepen our understanding of the Earth's inner workings and our own placewithin the grand tapestry of our dynamic world. By embracing this knowledge, we can strive to build more resilient communities, mitigate the devastating consequences of earthquakes, and ultimately, enhance our ability to live in harmony with the ever-changing face of our remarkable planet.。

Unit10One of the terrible costs of conflict is the resulting damage to relationships. Conflict strains relationship and makes if di fficult for parties to recognize that they share common needs and goals. The more severe the conflict, the greater the psychological distance between groups. Ex tremely hostile relationships tend to persist and make such conflicts all the more serious.However, human relationships also have the power to defuse conflict and make it easier to resolve. In fact, establishing personal relationships is often a(n) effective way to solve conflict. Conflicts cannot be genuinely solved unless the adversaries are tied together with some sense of unity and commonality.First establishing personal relationships with people on the other side of the conflict can help lessen many of the problems related to conflict. This is because personal relationships improve communication and increase the general level of mutual understanding and trust. As individuals get to know each other, they are more able to recognize and acknowledge the other side's complaints. This allow for the development of feelings of sympathy and empathy. It also reduces the likelihood that destructive misunderstanding will arise. In addition, programs that establish positive pers onal relationships between parties are key in preventing possible conflicts. This is because friendly contact helps adversaries to get rid of stereotypes and see the "enemy" as a real, living, feeling person. It may also contribute to increased tolerance among highly diverse groups. Once this change of attitude has taken place, the parties can begin to develop a sense of mutual understanding and trust. Although they may still have different interests or needs, they can begin to approach these issues through cooperation rather than by competing with or trying to destroy each other.Establishing relationships can also pave the way for friendly negotiations and conflict resolution. If negotiators view thems elves as adversaries in a face-to-face confrontation, each side tends do become defensive and reactive. If, on the other hand, negotiators build personal relationships with those o n the other side, they will find that many of the problems associated with strong emotions and poor communication are much easier to manage.Unit9According to our experience, financial disputes are the number one reason for divorce in America. A premarital agreement is designed to identify financial concerns and establish expectations. Rather than being a "plan for divorce", an effective prenuptial agreement is divorce prevention.We work closely with couples to design prenuptial agreements that are custom tailored. W e will sit down with you and examine your entire situation to determine the best terms for a premarital agreement. Prenuptial agreements are legal contracts and thus, they should not be entered into lightly. Premarital agreements have a(n) impact on your finances, your family, and your future. W orking with an experienced prenuptial agreement attorney insures that you are entering into a fair and realistic premarital agreement.Unfortunately, some prenuptial agreements are unfair, unrealistic, or even illegal, and subsequently unenforceable. If you are facing divorce and you are a party to a prenuptial agreement that includes terms you dispute, you need an ex perienced prenuptial agreement attorney to shield your rights and interests.We have extensive experience representing clients seeking to enforce or defeat terms in premarital agreements. If you are subject to a prenuptial agreement that you belive is unfair, invalid, no longer applicable, or illegal, our premarital agreements litigation attorneys can go to work for you to come up with a fair and workable prenuptial agreement.If you require assistance to design and draft a prenuptial agreement that is reliable or you are facing divorce and involved in a dispute over the validity of a premarital agreement, contact us to speak with an experienced prenuptial agreement attorney.Unit8Have you ever read science fiction novels about cloning human beings? The main characters in these novels have been cloned, and replaced with creatures that look identical to them. These creatures differ from the originals, though, in that they show no emotion and are not human. They want to take over the earth.Hollywood has often treated clones as less than human, taking orders from a superior who intends to conquer the Earth. It is no wonder that much of the public has treated news of the first cloned animals with fear comparable to that shown in science fiction films dealing with cloning. But what is it that we fear specifically? Are we afraid that we are going to be replaced by monsters?Such Is our fear that legislation in Congress has been proposed to prohibit cloning and all research on it. Some Senators claim that the people working on these projects are like mad scientists from the movies. But, we need to take a step back and evaluate the benefits of cloning, and not simply discriminate based on prior information given to us in films. A clone of any species should develop like it would in nature: Cells split and multiply while the genetic code remains intact. There is nothing to suggest that a clone of a human would be anything less than human.Unit 7At the age of 21, Steve Jobs and a friend, Stephen, Stephen Wozniak, built a personal computer called the Apple. T he Apple changed people's idea of acomputer from a gigantic mass of vacuum tubes only bog business and the government could afford to a small box used by ordinary people. No company has done more to popularize the computer and make it user-friendly than Apple Computer inc. T wo years after building the Apple I, Steve Jobs introduced the Apple II. The Apple II was the best buy in personal computers for home and small business throughout the following five years. Steve Jobs was considered a brilliant young man in Silicon V alley, because he saw the future demands of the computer industry. "The personal computer was created by the hardware revolution of the 1970s and the next dramatic change will come from a software revolution," said Jobs.Jobs was an orphan adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs in 1955. While still in high school, Jobs attended lectures at the Hewlett-Packard electronics firm. There he was hired as a summer employee and met another employee, W ozniak, who had a(n) passion for inventing electronic devices. In 1972 Jobs graduated from high school and registered at Reed Collage in Portland, Oregon, After dropping out of Reed after one semester, he hung around the campus for a year, taking classes in philosophy. Early in 1974 Jobs took a job designing video games for Atari, Inc. But, he really had his eye on the commercial end of the electronics business and persuaded W ozniak to work with him toward building a personal computer.They sold everything they had, raising $1,300 to start their new company. With that capital base and credit begged from local electronics supplies, they set up their first production line. Jobs came up with the name of their new company Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.Unit6Earthquakes have plagued our lives for as long as people have inhabited the Earth. T hese dangerou s acts of the Earth have resulted in great damage to human beings.Earthquake damage depends on what area is hit. If an unpopulated region is struck. There will be low loss of life or property. If is hits a large city which is densely populated, there may be serious injuries and destruction.Earthquakes have the power to uproot trees and send them crashing into buildings. They can trigger landslides and cause flooding and tsunamis. Buildings and structures are also at risk. It is interesting to note that tall buildings will suffer the least damage if they are located directly at the epicenter. This is because they can withdraw the up-and-down motion of P-waves. S-waves, on the other hand, occur far away from the epicenter, and cause the greatest stress by shaking buildings from side to side. T hese buildings are often knocked off their foundations.Buildings with thick, heavy walls do not resist shock waves very well. V iolent earthquakes often cause structures to collapse, burying people underneath. Brick buildings are the most vulnerable. The shaking of the earth is sometimes not the greatest disaster. It is in the subsequent fires and floods that often the greatest damage occurs.Predicting an earthquake until now has almost been technologically impossible. With improvements in technology, lives have been saved and many more will. All that remains is to research what takes place before, during, and after an earthquake. This has been done for years to the point that a successful earthquake prediction is theoretically possible. However, accurate prediction of earthquake may take more years.Unit5Aging is a natural process. Although medical advancements have come up with ways to cover signs of aging, there is no stopping the process. During the closing period in the lifespan of human beings, people tend to "move away" from more desirable previous periods, often known as "usefulness".Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an "elderly", meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something to do with unfavorable attitudes toward oneself, other people, work and life in general. Senility, a more or less complete physical breakdown, will take place when there is mental disorganization. T he individual becomes careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, and take place adjusted.Due do the unfavorable social attitudes toward the elderly, treatment toward them in America, unlike other cultures, makes them feel no longer useful and unwanted. People who come from countries where respect for the elderly is customary usually treat elder people with more increasingly and respect.In fact, old people are a treasure of experience to society. It is ex pected that old people will play a(n) increasingly active role in social and community affairs as well as in the business and professional worlds. Because of the reduction in the number of roles the elderly are able to play, it is very likely that they will develop a feeling of inferiority. It is our duty to make them better realize thei r value and help them lead a life of comfort.。

Chapter 1二、短语翻译。

英翻汉Sluggish economy 萧条的经济Full employment 充分就业Trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis 深入的分析Industrialized countries 工业化free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization国际专业化product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素三、汉翻英经济双赢economic win-win 关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等wage inequality 劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复world economic recovery四. Translation1. The monitoring system will finally substitute the US Government’s cap on cigar imports from Cuba.2. The quarrel between Mexico and the US will be no avail and it may disrupt the lifting of the agricultural tariffs under the North American Free Trade Agreement.3. An economic cooperation business forum, which will discusshow to minimize the negative impact of global economic imbalance adjustment on China, will take place shortly before the ministerial conference.4. Few Americans attribute this to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or business cycle.5. Recent research has shed light on the fact that there are heavy financial and political costs associated with the measures necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.6. There are rumors that the government struck a private deal with the corporation’s chairman last month.7. The opposition is exerting pressure on the US government to change the policy towards textile imports.8. Since the establishment of the bilateral free-trade agreement, the emerging economy has always been at the forefront of science and technology.9. In general, floating exchange rates are supposed to insulate countries from persistent differences in inflation with their trading partners.10. According to conservative estimates, by 2010, China’s import and export volume with North America and the EU would surpass $400 billion respectively, with ten ASEAN countries exceeding $200 billion.五、完形填空1.manufacturingpetitive3.deficit4.budget5.expanding6.recovery7.revival8.emerging9.innovation 10.propertyChapter2二、consumer-goods 消费品discount retailers折扣零售商brand equity 品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion促销profit margin 盈利scanner data扫描数据三、汉翻英价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions 广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety 美元分配allocation of dollars四. 翻译1. The government has allocated $ 0.1billion to the development and utilization of renewable energy in the rural areas.2. We should not develop the Western region at the expense of environment. Therefore the government has been following a sustainable development road attaching equal importance toeconomic development and environment protection.3. As a big responsible nation, China will strictly be abide by the WTO rules and honor its commitments.4. The rapid growth in China’s grain production can be ascribed to the fact that the Chinese government has implemented a series of reform policy and measures in the rural areas, such as raising the prices of grain purchased by the state.5. In the globalization era, not all countries play on the level playground. Some developing countries have to adhere to some marketing principles, or even accede to the requests of some governments.6. Over the past year, the global investment demand was on the wane; the major world currencies suffered swift turbulence and some emerging markets underwent severe financial crisis.7. Networks fundamentally alter the nature of competition and level the playing field, especially for smaller business regardless of the barriers like time and distance.8. Through micro credit projects, with the credit available on demand, farmers are able to pay back both the principle and interest in time.9. China’s vigorous economic development is indicative of the fact that China has become one of the countries that enjoy the highesteconomic growth speed in the world.10. With the reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks, when some qualified commercial banks seek listing in the stock market, others certainly will follow suit.五、完形填空1.blame2.damaged3.short-term4.building5.profiability6.arm7.boosts8.orientation9.moreover 10.loweringChapter3二. Privileged minority 享有特权的少数人Gas station加油站Marketing research 市场调查Professional competence 专业技能A sales point 卖点Product design 产品设计Potential consumer潜在顾客Business disaster 商业灾难三、汉翻英日常生活daily life 广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination国媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising四. 翻译1. Experts have attributed the main cause of the company’s poor performance to its poor HR functions, especially the appointmentof the senior management.2. British Airways intends to create a more flexible and modern corporate culture through the relocation3. Rumors about redundancy make the company at its worst in terms of morale ever since its foundation.4. After financial scandals, many companies can only resort to charity activities to improve their corporate image.5. Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgment.6. As a sleeping partner of the enterprise, he is entitled to share the profits, but is deprived of participating in its management.7. After watching this interview, she realizes how difficult it is to be a venture capitalist. For one thing, you need to have the money; for another, you need to have the insight to pick the right(promising) start-ups.8. T o enter a specific market, in addition to acquiring sufficient knowledge about our target customers, we also need to know about the local policies and abide by them.9. With the efforts of these university students, it was brought to light that this world-famous multinational had established some sweat factories in China.10. In a time when customers change constantly and rapidly intheir needs, only companies who are quick to respond can survive and succeed in the end.五、完形填空1.sincere2.privileged3.led4.constitutes5.intellectual6.resort7.instead8.reduce9.clients 10.divertChapter4三. Phrase Translation1. 人口流动2. 供应商网络3.标准零配件4. 特殊制造技术3.互补经济体 6.反日情绪7. 外方合作人, 外国附属公司8.上市企业并购mergers and acquisition海外扩overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access to market知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners资本投入capital investment四. 翻译1. Vendors now offer systems that work only with their hardware, but they are trying to make their equipment integrate with other’s hardware.2. Agricultural exports, by contrast, respond immediately, growing at an annual rate of 17.7 percent in 1980 and 1981.3. This book takes a strategic view of business and develops the ability to take a multidisciplinary approach to managing a business and resolving problems and issues.4. Thanks to the recession and 9/11, Mayor Michael Bloomberg must contend with a whopping budget deficit projected to 60 billion.5. Dispose of batteries properly. Do not throw them into fire or expose to high temperature.6. In the future, in addition to syndicating our groups’ efforts, we will ally with foreign companies to leverage advantages and enhance global competitiveness.7. We are certain that in due course of time, the economic reforms will have brought about results and benefits that will go beyond China’s boundaries.8. One of the major banks has lowered its interest rate and the other bank is expected to follow suit.9. During these quarterly meetings, it’s the boss’s responsibility to respond to each manager’s plan.10. We will put in place a new order of the socialist market economy through completing the market system and rectifying and regulating the market behavior.五、完形填空1. ambivalent,2.integration3. hindered4. from5. by.6. shortage,7. options8. acquisitions9. strategy 10. allianceChapte r 5三、汉翻英上市公司对…随时留意, 小心提防会计师事务所国外子公司经济规划的持观望态度(财务)调帐报告业绩评定指标/方法Generally accepted accounting principles revenue recognitionIncome statement earnings per share Managing director credit-rating agenciesFinance chiefs/executives institutionalinvestors四. 翻译1. Escal ating costs have almost wiped out the company’s profits from last year.2. This area is studded with bars all vying for customer attention. But it’s not easy to pin down what exactly it is that pleases customers the most.3. The project team decided to adhere to its original plan despite the appalling weather.4. At the press conference, the PR manager reiterated that the company’s operation has returned to normal. However, many private shareholders remain skeptical about such claims.5. The new labor law, which took effect last year, is likely to raise the labor cost of a considered number of enterprises6. The less senior employees are reluctant to express their views or make any suggestions because they don’t think their ideas will really be put into practice.7. Local relief organizations have also embarked on fund-raising campaigns so as to provide more financial support for the earthquake victims.8. Up to 30 companies submitted their request for price rises, but most of them didn’t stand a chance of getting approval from theregulatory agency.9. The decision-makers seem to have already given up on the reform program though its initiators are still trying hard to elicit support from other stakeholders.10. The new model, which has just been released onto the market recently, is being touted as the most energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly product of its kind.五、完形填空1. toll2.leveraged3. grips4. shaping5.counterpart6. joint7.potential8. with9.light 10. transparent 11. responses 12. onChapter 8三、汉翻英公司未来愿景消减成本利用资源投资组合untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会convenience stores 便利店market segments 市场细分premium brand 高端品牌实施战略execute strategy竞争优势competitive advantage实证研究empirical studies核心品牌core brand分销系统distribution system控股公司 a holding company文化冲突culture clashes股东财富shareholders wealth四. 翻译1. The management believes that its existing manufacturing and marketing expertise can be leveraged with the new business.2. Jack Welch, General Electric chairman, was universally acclaimed as one of the most successful manager in the 20th century.3. The Japanese company is unanimous in its support of divestiture since the acquired business unit is destroying the corporate value.4. This study reveals several fault lines that companies frequently encounter as they execute their corporate strategy.5. Problems arose at the very outset when Anheuser Busch acquired Eagle Snacks.6. AT&T put up with losses in NCR almost from the start, butcontinued to subsidize it.7. Mattel expected to derive above-average profitability from the acquisition of The Learning Company.8. We must bear in mind that a corporate strategy must be constantly evaluated and divestiture decisions made before it is too late.9. AT&T realized that telecom equipment is not identical to computer technologies.10. We can’t view the fai lure of the acquisition strategy in isolation. It’s the result of a combination of several factors, rather than unidimensional.五、完形填空1.acquisitions .2.executing3.divestiture4.at5. on6.plunged7.that8.synergies9.core 10.premium。