专业英语常用词汇.

专业英语词汇大全专业英语词汇对于学习和专业发展至关重要。

作为一名学习者或从事专业工作的人士，熟练掌握专业英语词汇是提高专业素养和沟通能力的关键。

本文将为您提供一份专业英语词汇大全，涵盖各个领域的相关术语和常用词汇。

一、商务英语词汇1. Business（商务）: enterprise（企业）、commerce（商业）、market（市场）、finance（金融）、investment（投资）、trade（贸易）、competition（竞争）2. Management（管理）: leadership（领导力）、teamwork（团队合作）、strategy（策略）、organization（组织）、decision-making（决策）、planning（计划）、communication（沟通）3. Marketing（市场营销）: advertising（广告）、branding（品牌推广）、consumer（消费者）、market research（市场调研）、promotion （促销）、product launch（产品发布）4. Finance（金融）: accounting（会计）、budget（预算）、investment（投资）、risk management（风险管理）、stock market（股票市场）、asset（资产）二、科学技术英语词汇1. Computer Science（计算机科学）: software（软件）、hardware （硬件）、programming（编程）、algorithm（算法）、database（数据库）、network（网络）、cybersecurity（网络安全）2. Engineering（工程）: mechanical engineering（机械工程）、civil engineering（土木工程）、electrical engineering（电气工程）、chemical engineering（化学工程）、aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）3. Medicine（医学）: surgery（外科）、pharmacy（药学）、physiology（生理学）、neuroscience（神经科学）、epidemiology（流行病学）、diagnosis（诊断）4. Environmental Science（环境科学）: sustainability（可持续性）、climate change（气候变化）、pollution（污染）、renewable energy（可再生能源）、conservation（保护）、ecosystem（生态系统）三、法律英语词汇1. Civil Law（民法）: contract（合同）、tort（侵权行为）、liability （责任）、damages（损害赔偿）、property（财产）、negligence（过失）2. Criminal Law（刑法）: murder（谋杀）、theft（盗窃）、assault （袭击）、fraud（欺诈）、sentence（判决）、evidence（证据）3. International Law（国际法）: treaty（条约）、diplomacy（外交）、human rights（人权）、jurisdiction（管辖权）、sovereignty（主权）、war crime（战争罪）四、教育英语词汇1. Education（教育）: curriculum（课程）、teaching method（教学方法）、classroom management（教室管理）、assessment（评估）、learning outcomes（学习成果）、pedagogy（教育学）2. Psychology（心理学）: behavior（行为）、cognition（认知）、motivation（动机）、personality（人格）、developmental psychology（发展心理学）、counseling（咨询）3. Linguistics（语言学）: phonetics（语音学）、syntax（句法学）、semantics（语义学）、pragmatics（语用学）、language acquisition（语言习得）、sociolinguistics（社会语言学）五、艺术英语词汇1. Fine Arts（美术）: painting（绘画）、sculpture（雕塑）、photography（摄影）、drawing（素描）、composition（构图）、exhibition（展览）2. Music（音乐）: melody（旋律）、rhythm（节奏）、harmony（和声）、instrument（乐器）、orchestra（管弦乐队）、composition （作曲）3. Film and Television（电影与电视）: screenplay（剧本）、director （导演）、cinematography（摄影）、editing（剪辑）、special effects （特效）、casting（选角）总结：以上是专业英语词汇大全的部分内容，涵盖了商务、科学技术、法律、教育和艺术等领域的关键词汇。

常用会计英语词汇基本词汇acceptance 承兑account 账户,报表accountancy 会计职业accountant 会计师accounting entry会计分录accounting factor 会计要素accounting period 会计期间accounting policies 会计方针accounting voucher会计凭证accounting 会计acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测试比率)acquisition 收购annual report and accounts 年度报告和报表assets cover 资产担保assets 资产associated company 联营公司audit report 审计报告audit 审计auditing standards 审计准则bad debts ratio 坏帐比率bad debts 坏帐balance sheet 资产负债表bank charges 银行手续费bank acceptance 银行承兑汇票bank draft 银行汇票bank overdraft 银行透支bank statement 银行对账单bankruptcy 破产basis of apportionment 分摊基础bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 提单bill payable 应付票据bill receivable 应收票据bill 账单bonus 红利budget center 预算中心budget manual 预算手册budget period 预算期间budget 预算budgetary control 预算控制business entity 经营个体business unit 经营单位by-product 副产品capacity 生产能力capital expenditure 资本支出capital gain 资本收益capital investment appraisal 资本投资评估capital maintenance 资本保全capital surplus 资本盈余capital turnover 资本周转率capital 资本cash account 现金账户cash flow budget 现金流量预算cash flow statement 现金流量表cash flow 现金流量cash ledger 现金分类账cash 现金changeover time 变更时间chartered entity 特许经济个体cheque register 支票登记薄cheque 支票common cost 共同成本consolidated accounts 合并报表contingent liabilities 或有负债contract cost 合同成本contract costing 合同成本计算controllable cost 可控制成本cost account 成本账户cost accounting manual 成本手册cost accounting 成本会计cost adjustment 成本调整cost allocation 成本分配cost apportionment 成本分摊cost attribution 成本归属cost audit 成本审计cost benefit analysis 成本效益分析cost center 成本中心cost of capital 资本成本cost of sales 销售成本cost reduction 成本降低cost structure 成本结构cost unit 成本单位cost-volume-profit analysis(CVP) 本量利分析creditor 债权人current asset 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债current ratio 流动比率debit capacity 举债能力debt ratio 债务比率debtor' age analysis 应收账款账龄分析debtor 债务人;应收账款defects 次品detail ledger 明细分类账general ledger 总分类账deferred expenditure 递延支出departmental budget 部门预算depreciation 折旧development cost 开发成本differential cost 差别成本direct cost 直接成本discount rate 贴现率discounted cash flow 现金流量贴现distribution cost 摊销成本dividend per share 每股股利dividend 股利earning per share 每股盈利earning ratio 市盈率element of cost 成本要素entity 经济个体environmental impact assessment 环境影响评价equity share capital 权益股本equity 权益expenditure 支出expenses 费用external audit 外部审计fair value 公允价值FIFO 先近先出法final accounts 年终报表finance lease 融资租赁financial accounting 财务会计financial management 财务管理financial planning 财务计划financial statement 财务报表finished goods 产成品fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转率fixed asset 固定资产fixed cost 固定成本gearing 举债经营比率(杠杆)going concern concept 持续经营概念goodwill 商誉gross profit 毛利润group accounts 集团报表historical cost accounting 历史成本会计historical cost 历史成本income and expenditure account 收益和支出报表indirect cost 间接成本insolvency 无力偿付intangible asset 无形资产interest cover 利息保障倍数internal audit 内部审计inventory 存货investment 投资invoice register 发票登记薄issued share capital 已发行股本joint stock company 股份公司joint venture 合资经营journal 日记账ledger 分类账户letter of credit 信用证leverage 举债经营比率liabilities 负债LIFO 后近先出法liquid assets 变现资产liquidation 清算loan 贷款lower of cost or net realizable value concept 成本或可变净价孰低概念managed cost 管理成本management accounting concept 管理会计概念management accounting 管理会计management audit 管理审计margin cost 边际成本mark-down 降低标价market risk premium 市场风险补偿market share 市场份额marketing cost 营销成本merger accounting 兼并会计merger 兼并minority interest 少数股权mixed cost 混合成本net assets 净资产net book value 净账面价值net present value(NPV) 净现值net profit 净利润net realizable value 可变现净值non-adjusting events 非调整事项operating lease 经营租赁operating plans 经营计划operational gearing 经营杠杆opportunity cost 机会成本order 定单ordinary shares 普通股original voucher原始凭证out-of-date cheque 过期支票overhead absorption rate 制造费用分配率overhead cost 制造费用overhead 制造费用owners’ equity 所有者权益parent company 母公司participating preference shares 参与优先股partnership 合伙payback 回收期payments and receipts account 收入和支出报表payroll analysis 工资分析payroll 工资单period cost 期间成本perpetual inventory 永续盘存petty cash account 备用金账户physical inventory 实地盘存preference creditors 优先债权人preference shares 优先股prepayments 预付款项present value 现值prevention cost 预防成本price ratio 市盈率prior year adjustments 以前年度调整product cost 产品成本Product life cycle 产品寿命周期production cost 生产成本profit center 利润中心profit retained for the year 年度利润留存profitability index 盈利指数pro-forma invoice 预开发票project evaluation and review technique 项目评审法promissory note 本票raw material 原材料receivable ledger 应收款项账户registered share capital 注册资本replacement price 重置价格reserves 留存收益responsibility center 责任中心revenue expenditure 收益支出revenue 收入rolling budget 滚动预算sales ledger 销售分类账sales order 销售定单selling cost 销售成本sight draft 即期汇票source and application of funds statement 资金来源和运用表stock turnover 存货周转率stock 存货tangible asset 有形资产total assets 总资产total quality management 全面质量管理value added 增加值value analysis 价值分析。

医学专业英语必备词汇1. Anatomy - 解剖学2. Physiology - 生理学3. Pathology - 病理学4. Pharmacology - 药理学5. Microbiology - 微生物学6. Immunology - 免疫学7. Radiology - 放射学8. Dermatology - 皮肤科学9. Cardiology - 心脏病学10. Gastroenterology - 肠胃病学11. Neurology - 神经病学12. Nephrology - 肾病学13. Hematology - 血液学14. Oncology - 肿瘤学15. Orthopedics - 骨科学16. Ophthalmology - 眼科学17. Obstetrics - 产科学18. Gynecology - 妇科学19. Pediatrics - 小儿科学20. Endocrinology - 内分泌学21. Psychiatry - 精神病学22. Surgery - 外科学23. Anesthesia - 麻醉学24. Radiography - X射线技术25. EKG (Electrocardiogram) - 心电图26. CT Scan (Computerized Tomography) - 计算机断层扫描27. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - 磁共振成像28. Ultrasound - 超声波29. Biopsy - 活检30. Diagnosis - 诊断31. Treatment - 治疗32. Prescription - 处方33. Medication - 药物34. Surgery - 手术35. Vaccine - 疫苗36. Epidemic - 流行病37. Pandemic - 大流行病38. Symptom - 症状39. Infection - 感染40. Contagious - 传染性的41. Immunity - 免疫力42. Antibiotic - 抗生素43. Antiviral - 抗病毒药物44. Antiseptic - 杀菌剂45. Anesthesia - 麻醉46. Sterilization - 灭菌47. Rehabilitation - 康复48. Prognosis - 预后49. Chronic - 慢性的50. Acute - 急性的。

英语常见专业词汇分类汇总一、工程与技术：1. Architectural design（建筑设计）: the process of creating a plan for the construction of a building or structure.2. Civil engineering（土木工程）: the design, construction, and maintenance of structures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.3. Mechanical engineering（机械工程）: the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, and operation of machinery.4. Electrical engineering（电气工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.5. Computer programming（计算机编程）: the process of designing and writing computer programs.6. Telecommunications（电信）: the transmission of information over long distances using electronic or optical signals.7. Aerospace engineering（航空航天工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft.8. Environmental engineering（环境工程）: the branch of engineering concerned with the development of sustainable solutions to environmental problems.二、医学与健康：1. Anatomy（解剖学）: the branch of science that deals with the structure and organization of living things.2. Physiology（生理学）: the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.3. Genetics（遗传学）: the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.4. Pharmacology（药理学）: the branch of medicine concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on the body.5. Radiology（放射学）: the branch of medicine that uses medical imaging techniques to diagnose and treat diseases.6. Psychiatry（精神病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental health disorders.7. Cardiology（心脏病学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.8. Oncology（肿瘤学）: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.三、商业与经济：1. Marketing（市场营销）: the process of promoting and selling products or services.2. Accounting（会计）: the process of recording, analyzing, and reporting financial transactions.3. Economics（经济学）: the study of how individuals, businesses, and governments allocate resources and make decisions.4. Finance（金融学）: the management of money, banking, investments, and credit.5. International trade（国际贸易）: the exchange of goods and services between countries.6. Entrepreneurship（创业）: the activity of starting a new business venture or taking a risk in order to make a profit.7. Supply chain management（供应链管理）: the coordination and oversight of the flow of goods, information, and finances from suppliers to end consumers.8. Market research（市场调研）: the process of gathering and analyzing data about customers, competitors, and market trends to make informed business decisions.四、计算机科学：1. Algorithm（算法）: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.2. Programming language（编程语言）: a formal language used to write computer programs.3. Artificial intelligence（人工智能）: the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that would normally require human intelligence.4. Data mining（数据挖掘）: the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large datasets.5. Network security（网络安全）: the protection of computer networks and their data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.6. Software engineering（软件工程）: the application of engineering principles to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems.7. Machine learning（机器学习）: the study of algorithms and statistical models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.8. User interface（用户界面）: the means by which a user interacts with a computer, website, or application.五、法律与政治：1. Constitutional law（宪法法学）: the body of law that defines the relationship between different entities within a state, namely the executive,the legislature, and the judiciary.2. Criminal law（刑法）: the body of law that deals with offenses against the state, such as murder, theft, and assault.3. International law（国际法）: the body of law that governs the relations between states and other international actors.4. Human rights（ ** ）: the basic rights and freedoms to which allindividuals are entitled, such as the right to life, liberty, and equality.5. Public policy（公共政策）: the principles, actions, and decisions adoptedby government or public authorities to address societal problems or meetpublic needs.6. Political science（政治科学）: the study of political systems, behavior,and ideologies.7. Diplomacy（外交）: the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.8. Legislation（立法）: the process of making or enacting laws through the legislative branch of government.六、社会科学与人文学科：1. Sociology（社会学）: the study of human society, social behavior, and the consequences of social relationships.2. Psychology（心理学）: the scientific study of the mind and behavior.3. Anthropology（人类学）: the study of human societies, cultures, andphysical characteristics.4. History（历史学）: the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.5. Literature（文学）: written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.6. Philosophy（哲学）: the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and mind.7. Linguistics（语言学）: the scientific study of language and its structure, including phonetics, syntax, and semantics.8. Art history（艺术史）: the study of visual arts from ancient times to the present, including painting, sculpture, architecture, and photography.七、自然科学与数学：1. Biology（生物学）: the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and evolution.2. Chemistry（化学）: the study of the composition, properties, and reactions of substances.3. Physics（物理学）: the study of matter, energy, and the interactions between them.4. Mathematics（数学）: the study of numbers, quantity, space, and structure,including algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics.5. Geology（地质学）: the study of the Earth's physical structure, history,and processes.6. Astronomy（天文学）: the study of celestial objects, such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies.7. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the effects of human activities on it.8. Statistics（统计学）: the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.八、教育与心理学：1. Pedagogy（教育学）: the study and practice of teaching and educational methods.2. Educational psychology（教育心理学）: the branch of psychology that deals with the study of teaching methods and learning processes.3. Curriculum development（课程开发）: the process of creating and designing educational programs and courses.4. Special education（特殊教育）: the education of students with special needs or disabilities.5. Counseling psychology（咨询心理学）: the branch of psychology that focuses on providing therapeutic services to individuals and groups.6. Child psychology（儿童心理学）: the study of children's mental andemotional development and behavior.7. School psychology（学校心理学）: the application of psychologicalprinciples and techniques in educational settings to promote the learning and emotional well-being of students.8. Adult education（成人教育）: the provision of educational opportunities and programs for adults, often focused on professional development or personal enrichment.九、艺术与设计：1. Fine arts（美术）: the creation and appreciation of visual art, such as painting, sculpture, and printmaking.2. Graphic design（平面设计）: the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content.3. Fashion design（服装设计）: the art of applying design, aesthetics, and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.4. Industrial design（工业设计）: the process of creating and developing concepts and specifications for products or systems.5. Architecture（建筑学）: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures.6. Interior design（室内设计）: the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space.7. Photography（摄影）: the art, application, and practice of creating durable images using a camera or other light-sensitive equipment.8. Film and video production（影视制作）: the process of creating and producing films, television shows, and video content.十、环境与地理：1. Ecology（生态学）: the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.2. Environmental science（环境科学）: the study of the environment and the impact of human activities on it.3. Geography（地理学）: the study of the Earth's surface, its physical features, climate, population, and how humans interact with these factors.4. Climate change（气候变化）: the long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.5. Conservation（保护）: the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment and of wildlife.6. Sustainable development（可持续发展）: the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. Urban planning（城市规划）: the practice of envisioning and regulating the use of space in urban areas, including transportation and infrastructure.8. Environmental policy（环境政策）: the set of guidelines and principles that govern the regulation and management of the environment.。

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环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non—persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting； over-fishing 猎(渔)期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation；biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species； intolerant organism耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals；endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator 化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinatedbiphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘)dustfall;falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation—reduction potential;redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant中和法neutralization反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in—situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺pollution—free technology 无污染装置pollution-free installation 污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index 毒理学污染指标physical pollution index 化学污染指标chemical pollution index 细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis 环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids 可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘）inhale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold—vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre—treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射（光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution—free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal脱硫desulfurization 除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失(压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse—flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air—to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse—flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP）电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two—stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber 填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization （FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water (sewage)treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank 斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping plank(pipe）settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank 悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved—airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V—filter砂滤sand filtration微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi—permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis 反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow—off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime—sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biologicalaerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method 深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator 机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high—loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pond ICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT—IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tanksystem(需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop process Bardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池（AF）anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor 消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder紫外线消毒disinfection withultraviolet rays加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand 余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system 余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room； anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler。

大学生专业英语词汇总结随着全球化时代的到来，跨国公司、国际组织以及各种国际活动的频繁出现，英语作为国际交流的基本语言，成为了每一个大学生必备的技能之一。

作为大学英语的学习者，熟练掌握专业英语词汇不仅是提升英语水平的必要条件，也是迈向专业领域的重要基础。

下面是本文为大家总结的大学生专业英语词汇：一、商务英语1. revenue –收入\n2. profit –利润\n3. sales –销售额\n4. market –市场\n5. brand –品牌\n6. strategy –策略\n7. investment –投资\n8. competition –竞争\n9. target market –目标市场\n10. advertising –广告二、计算机科学1. algorithm –算法\n2. database –数据库\n3. programming –编程\n4. software –软件\n5. hardware –硬件\n6. network –网络\n7. code –代码\n8. operating system –操作系统\n9. debugging –调试\n10. user interface –用户界面三、金融学1. interest rate –利率\n2. stock –股票\n3. bond –债券\n4. investment –投资\n5. risk –风险\n6. liquidity –流动性\n7. asset –资产\n8. liability –负债\n9. hedge fund –对冲基金\n10. derivatives –衍生品四、法律1. contract –合同\n2. litigation –诉讼\n3. liability –责任\n4. precedent –先例\n5. intellectual property –知识产权\n6. arbitration –仲裁\n7. legal system –法律体系\n8. judgment –判决\n9. plaintiff –原告\n10. defendant –被告五、医学1. diagnosis –诊断\n2. treatment –治疗\n3. surgery –手术\n4. medication –药物\n5. patient –病人\n6. symptom –症状\n7. disease –疾病\n8. surgery –外科学\n9. anatomy –解剖学\n10. physiology –生理学六、教育学1. curriculum –课程\n2. pedagogy –教学法\n3. assessment –评估\n4. classroom management –课堂管理\n5. educational psychology –教育心理学\n6. learning outcomes –学习成果\n7. special education –特殊教育\n8. differentiated instruction –差异化教学\n9. educational research –教育研究\n10. teaching strategies –教学策略七、国际关系1. sovereignty –主权\n2. diplomacy –外交\n3. globalization –全球化\n4. non-governmental organization (NGO) –非政府组织\n5. international law –国际法\n6. foreign policy –外交政策\n7. human rights –人权\n8. conflict resolution –冲突解决\n9. international trade –国际贸易\n10. international governance –国际治理八、建筑设计1. blueprint –蓝图\n2. architecture –建筑学\n3. building materials –建筑材料\n4. interior design –室内设计\n5.construction –建筑工程\n6. sustainable design –可持续设计\n7. building code –建筑规范\n8. structural engineering –结构工程\n9. landscape architecture –景观设计\n10. urban planning –城市规划以上是本文总结的大学生专业英语词汇，涵盖了商务、计算机科学、金融学、法律、医学、教育学、国际关系、建筑设计等多个专业领域。

pacific a.和平的 n.太平洋pack vt.捆扎；挤满 n.包package n.包裹，包，捆packet n.小包(裹)，小捆pad n.垫；本子 vt.填塞page n.页pail n.桶，提桶pain n.痛，痛苦悲伤；辛劳painful a.使痛的；费力的paint vt.画；油漆 vi.绘画painter n.漆工，画家，绘画者painting n.油画；绘画；着色pair n.一对 vi.成对，配对palace n.宫，宫殿pale a.苍白的；浅的palm n.手掌，手心；掌状物pan n.平底锅，盘子panda n.小猫熊；猫熊pane n.窗格玻璃panel n.专门小组；面，板pant n.气喘；心跳paper n.纸；官方文件；文章parade n.游行；检阅 vi.游行paradise n.伊甸乐园；天堂paragraph n.(文章的)段，节parallel a.平行的；一样的parcel n.包裹，小包，邮包pardon n.原谅；赦免 vt.原谅parent n.父亲，母亲，双亲park n.公园；停车场parliament n.议会，国会part n.一局部；零件；本份partial a.局部的；不公平的partially ad.局部地participate vi.参与，参加；分享particle n.粒子，微粒particular a.特殊的；特定的particularly ad.特别，尤其，格外partly ad.局部地，不完全地partner n.伙伴；搭挡；配偶party n.党，党派；聚会pass vt.经过；通过；度过passage n.通过；通路，通道passenger n.乘客，旅客，过路人passion n.激情，热情；爱好passive a.被动的；消极的passport n.护照past a.过去的 n.过去paste n.糊，酱；浆湖pastime n.消遣，娱乐pat n.&vt.&n.轻拍patch n.补钉；碎片 vt.补缀path n.路，小道；道路patience n.忍耐，容忍，耐心patient a.忍耐的 n.病人pattern n.型，式样，模，模型pause n.&vi.中止，暂停pave vt.铺，筑(路等)pavement n.(英)人行道paw n.脚爪，爪子 pay vt.支付；付给；给予payment n.支付，支付的款项pea n.豌豆；豌豆属植物peace n.和平；和睦；平静peaceful a.和平的；安静的peach n.桃子，桃树peak n.山顶，巅 a.最高的pear n.梨子，梨树pearl n.珍珠；珍珠母peasant n.农夫pebble n.卵石，细砾peculiar a.特有的；特别的peel vt.剥(皮)，削(皮)peep vi.(从缝隙中)偷看pen n.钢笔，自来水笔pencil n.铅笔penetrate vt.穿过 vi.穿渗入渗出peninsula n.半岛penny n.(英)便士；(美)分pension n.抚恤金，年金people n.人民，民族；人pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉per prep.每perceive vt.觉察，觉察；理解percent n.百分之…percentage n.百分比，百分率perfect a.完美的；完全的perfectly ad.很，完全perform vt.履行，执行；演出performance n.履行；演出；行为perfume n.香味，芳香；香料perhaps ad.也许，可能，多半period n.时期；学时；句号permanent a.永久的，持久的permanently ad.永久地，持久地permission n.允许，许可，同意permit vt.允许 n.执照persist vi.坚持，固执；持续person n.人；人身；本人personal a.个人的；本人的personnel n.全体人员，全体职员perspective n.透视；遥景；观点persuade vt.说服 vi.被说服pessimistic a.悲看的；厌世的pet n.爱畜；宠儿a.宠爱的petrol n.(英)汽油petroleum n.石油phase n.阶段；方面；相位phenomenon n.现象philosopher n.哲学家philosophy n.哲学；哲理；人生看phone n.，机；耳机photograph n.照片，相片photographic a.摄影的，摄影用的phrase n.短语；习惯用语physical a.物质的；物理的physician n.医生，内科医生physicist n.物理学家physics n.物理学piano n.钢琴pick n.镐，鹤嘴锄 pick vt.拾，摘 vi.采摘piic n.郊游，野餐 vi.野餐picture n.画，图片 vt.画pie n.(西点)馅饼piece n.碎片，块 vt.拼合pierce vt.剌穿 vi.穿渗入渗出pig n.猪，小猪，野猪pigeon n.鸽子pile n.堆 vt.堆叠，累积pill n.药丸，丸剂pillar n.柱，柱子；栋梁pillow n.枕头pilot n.领航员；飞行员pin n.针，饰针 n.别住pinch vt.捏，拧，掐掉pine n.松树，松木pink n.粉红色 a.粉红色的pint n.品脱pioneer n.拓荒者；先驱者pipe n.管子，导管；烟斗pipeline n.管道，管线pistol n.手枪pit n.坑，地坑；煤矿pitch n.沥青pitch vt.投，掷 vi.投掷pity n.怜悯；遗憾 vt.同情place n.地方，地点；住所plain n.平原 a.清楚的plan n.&vt.方案，打算plane n.平面；飞机planet n.行星plant n.植物；工厂 vt.栽种plantation n.种植园；栽植plaster n.灰泥；硬膏；熟石膏plastic a.可塑的 n.塑料plate n.板，片，盘 vt.电镀platform n.平台；站台；讲台play vi.玩，游戏；演奏player n.游戏的人；比赛者playground n.操场，运动场pleasant a.令人愉快的，舒适的please vt.使快乐，请vi.满足pleasure n.舒畅，快乐；乐事plentiful a.丰富的，富裕的plenty n.丰富，充足，大量plot n.小块土地 vt.密谋plough n.犁 vt.&vi.犁，耕pluck vt.采，摘；拉下 n.拉plug n.塞子；插头 vt.塞plunge vt.使投入；使陷渗透plural a.复数的 n.复数plus prep.加，加上 a.正的P.M. n.下午，午后pocket n.衣袋 n.袖珍的poem n.诗，韵文，诗体文poet n.诗人poetry n.诗，诗歌，诗作point n.点；要点；细目；分poison n.毒，毒药 vt.毒害poisonous a.有毒的，有害的pole n.杆，柱 pole n.极(点)，磁极，电极police n.警察；警察当局policeman n.警察policy n.政策，方针polish vt.磨光；使优美polite a.有礼貌的；有教养的political a.政治的，政治上的politician n.政治家；政客politics n.政治，政治学；政纲pollute vt.弄脏，污染，沾污pollution n.污染pond n.池塘pool n.水塘，游泳池，水池pool n.共用物 vt.共有poor a.贫穷的；贫乏的pop n.流行音乐，流行歌曲pop n.砰的一声，爆破声popular a.民众的；流行的population n.人口；全体居民porch n.门廊，渗入渗出口处pork n.猪肉porridge n.粥，麦片粥port n.港，港口portable a.轻巧的；手提的porter n.搬运工人portion n.一局部；一分portrait n.消像，画像Portuguese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语position n.位置；职位；姿势positive a.确定的；积极的possess vt.占用，拥有(财产) possession n.有，所有；占有物possibility n.可能；可能的事possible a.可能的；可能存在的possibly ad.可能地；也许post n.柱，桩，杆 vt.贴出post n.邮政，邮寄；post n.岗位，哨所；职位postage n.邮费，邮资postman n.邮递员postpone vt.延迟，推迟，延缓pot n.锅，壶，罐，盆potato n.马铃薯，土豆potential a.潜在的 n.潜力pound n.磅；英磅pound vt.捣碎；舂烂；猛击pour vt.灌，倒 vi.倾泻poverty n.贫穷，贫困powder n.粉末；药粉；火药power n.能力；力；权；幂powerful a.强有力的；有权威的practical a.实践的；实用的practically ad.实际上；几乎practice n.实践；练习；业务practise vt.练习，实习，训练praise n.赞扬，赞美 vi.赞扬pray vt.&vi.请求；祈祷prayer n.祈祷，祈求precaution n.预防；警觉preceding a.在前的；在先的precious a.珍贵的，珍贵的 precise a.准确的，准确的precision n.准确，精细，精细度predict v.预言，预报，预测preface n.序言，前言，引语prefer vt.宁可，宁愿preferable a.更可取的，更好的preference n.偏爱，优先；优先权prejudice n.偏见，成见preliminary a.预备的，初步的premier n.总理，首相preparation n.准备，预备；制备prepare vt.&vi.准备，预备preposition n.前置词，介词prescribe vt.命令；处(方) presence n.出席，到场；在present a.现在的 n.目前present vt.赠送; 介绍; 提出present n.礼物，赠送物presently ad.一会儿；目前preserve vt.保护；保存；腌渍president n.总统；校长；会长press vt.压，按，揿；催促pressure n.压力；压力；压，按pretend vt.假托，借口vi.假装pretty a.漂亮的，标致的prevail vi.胜，优胜；流行prevent vt.预防，防止；阻止previous a.先的；前的 ad.在前previously ad.先前，预先price n.价格，价钱；代价pride n.骄傲；自豪 vt.自夸priest n.教士，牧师，神父primarily ad.首先；主要地primary a.最初的；根本的prime a.首要的 n.春，青春primitive a.原始的；粗糙的prince n.王子，亲王princess n.公主，王妃principal a.主要的 n.负责人principle n.原则，原理；主义print vt.印刷 n.印刷；正片prior a.在先的；优先的prison n.监狱，监禁prisoner n.囚犯private a.私人的；私下的privilege n.特权，优惠prize n.奖赏，奖金 vt.珍视probability n.可能性；概率probable a.或有的；大概的probably ad.或许，大概problem n.问题；习题，问题procedure n.程序；手续；过程proceed vi.入行；继续入行process n.过程；工序 vt.加工procession n.队伍，行列proclaim vt.宣告，宣布；说明produce vt.生产；产生；展现product n.产品，产物；(乘)积production n.生产；产品；总产量productive a.生产的；富饶的profession n.职业 professional a.职业的 n.专业人员professor n.教授profit n.益处；利润 vi.得益program n.节目单；大纲；程序progress n.前入，进展；入步progressive a.入步的；向前入的prohibit vt.制止，阻止project n.方案，工程 vi.伸出prominent a.实起的；突出的promise n.诺言；指望 vt.允诺promising a.有希望的；有前途的promote vt.促入，发扬；提升prompt a.及时的 vt.敦促pronoun n.代名词pronounce vt.发…的音；宣布pronunciation n.发音，发音法proof n.证据；证实；校样proper a.适合的；符合体统的properly ad.适当地；彻底地property n.财产，资产；性质proportion n.比，比率，局部proportional a.比例的；相称的proposal n.提议，建议；求婚propose vt.提议 vi.求婚prospect n.展望；前景，前程prosperity n.繁荣；兴盛，兴旺prosperous a.繁荣的，兴盛的protect vt.保护，保卫，戒备protection n.保护，戒备protective a.保护的，防护的protein n.蛋白质，朊protest vt.&vi.&n.抗议proud a.骄傲的；自豪的prove vt.证实 vi.结果是provide vt.提供；装备，供给provided conj.以…为条件province n.省；领域，部门provision n.供给；预备；存粮psychological a.心理的，心理学的public a.公众的 n.公众publication n.公布；出版；出版物publish vt.公布；发表；出版pudding n.布丁puff n.(一)喷，(一)吹pull vt.拉，拖；拉，拉力pulse n.脉搏；脉冲，脉动pump n.泵 vt.用抽机抽punch vt.冲出 n.冲压机punch vt.用拳猛击 n.拳打punctual a.严守时刻的；准时的punish vt.罚，惩罚，处分punishment n.罚，惩罚，处分pupil n.学生，小学生pupil n.瞳孔puppet n.木偶，玩偶；傀儡purchase n.买，购置 vt.买pure a.纯粹的；纯洁的purely ad.纯粹地，完全地purify vt.使纯洁，使干净purity n.纯洁；纯洁；纯度purple n.紫色 a.紫的 purpose n.目的；意图；效果purse n.钱包，小钱袋，手袋pursue vt.追赶，追踪；入行pursuit n.追赶；追求；事务push vt.推，逼迫 vi.推put vt.放，摆；使处于puzzle n.难题；谜 vi.使迷惑 Q qualify vt.使具有资格quality n.质量；品质，特性quantity n.量，数量，分量quarrel n.争吵，吵架，口角quart n.夸脱(=2品脱)quarter n.四分之一；一刻钟quarterly a.季度的 ad.季度地queen n.王后；女王queer a.奇怪的，乖僻的question n.发问；问题；疑问queue n.行列 vi.排队等候quick a.快的；敏捷的quicken vt.加快 vi.加快quickly ad.快，迅速quiet a.寂静的；安静的quilt n.被(子)quit vt.离开，退出；停顿quite ad.完全；相当；确实quiz n.小型考试，测验quotation n.引用；引文；报价单quote vt.引用，引证；报价 R rabbit n.兔子，野兔race n.比赛，竞赛，竞争race n.人种，种族，民族racial a.种族的，人种的rack n.搁物架；行李架rack vt.使苦痛，折磨racket n.球拍radar n.雷达，无线电探测器radiate vi.发射光线；辐射radiation n.放射，发射；辐射能radio n.无线电；收音机radioactive a.放射性的radioactivity n.放射性，放射(现象) radish n.小萝卜radium n.镭radius n.半径rag n.破布，碎布，抹布rage n.(一阵)狂怒，盛怒raid n.袭击；突然搜查rail n.横条，横杆；铁轨railroad n.铁路 vi.由铁路运输railway n.铁路，铁道rain n.雨，雨水 vi.下雨rainbow n.虹，彩虹rainy a.下雨的，多雨的raise vt.举起；引起；提高rake n.耙子 vi.耙；搜索range n.排，行；山脉；范围rank n.排，横行；社会阶层rapid a.快的 n.急流rapidly ad.迅速地rare a.稀薄的；稀有的rarely ad.很少，难得rat n.老鼠，耗子rate n.比率；速度；价格rather ad.宁可，宁愿；相当ratio n.比，比率rational a.理性的；出于理性的raw a.未煮过的；未加工的ray n.光线，射线，辐射线razor n.剃刀reach vt.抵达；伸出vi.到达react vi.起反响；有影响reaction n.反响；反作用read vt.读，观懂 vi.读reader n.读者；读物，读本readily ad.乐意地；无困难地reading n.读，阅读；读书ready a.准备好的；愿意的real a.真的；现实的reality n.现实；真实realize vt.实现；熟悉到really ad.真正地；实在realm n.王国，国土；领域reap vt.&vi.收割，收获rear n.后部，后面；反面rear vt.抚养，培养；栽种reason n.理由；理性 vi.推理reasonable a.合情合理的；公正的rebel vi.造反 n.造反者rebellion n.造反；叛乱；对抗 recall vt.往返想；叫来回；收来回receipt n.收到；收条，收据receive vt.收到；得到；接待receiver n.收受者，收件人recent a.新近的，最近的recently ad.最近，新近reception a.接待；招待会；承受recite vt.&vi.背诵，朗读recognition n.认出，识别；成认recognize vt.认识，认出；成认recollect vt.往返忆，追忆，想起remend vt.推荐，介绍；劝告remendation n.推荐，介绍；劝告record n.记录；履历 vt.记录recorder n.记录者；录音机recover vt.重新获得；挽来回recovery n.重获；痊愈，恢复red a.红色的 n.红色reduce vt.减少，减小；简化reduction n.减少，减小，缩减reed n.芦苇，芦杆，芦丛reel n.卷轴，卷筒refer vt.使求助于 vi.谈到reference n.参考；出处；提及refine vt.&vi.精炼，提纯reflect vt.反射；反映；思考reflection n.反射；映象；反映refle*ion n.反射；映象；反映reform vt.&n.改革，改进refresh vt.使清新vi.恢复精神refreshment n.茶点，点心，便餐refrigerator n.冰箱，冷藏库refuge n.避难，庇护；庇护者refusal n.拒绝refuse vt.拒绝 vt.拒绝refute vt.驳斥，反驳，驳倒regard vt.把…观作；尊敬regarding prep.关于regardless ad.不顾一切地region n.地区，地带；领域register n.&vt.登记，注册regret vt.懊悔；抱歉 n.懊悔regular a.规则的；整洁的regularly ad.有规律地regulate vt.管理，控制；调整regulation n.规则，规章；管理rehearsal n.排练，排演；练习reign n.君主统治；支配rein n.缰绳 vi.驾驭，控制reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强reject vt.拒绝；丢掉；驳回rejoice vi.欣喜，快乐relate vt.表达；使联系relation n.关系，联系；家属relationship n.关系，联系relative a.有关系的；相对的relatively ad.相对地，比拟地relativity n.相关性；相对性rela* vt.使松弛 vi.松弛release vt.释放；放松；发表relevant a.有关的，贴切的 reliability n.可靠性reliable a.可靠的，可信赖的reliance n.信任，信赖，信心relief n.减轻；救济；援救relieve vt.减轻，解除；救济religion n.；**信仰religious a.**的；虔诚的reluctant a.不愿的，勉强的rely vi.依赖，依靠；信赖remain vi.剩下，余留；保持remains n.剩余，余额；废墟remark vt.&vi.&n.评论，谈论remarkable a.异常的，非凡的remedy n.&vt.治疗；补救remember vt.记得，想起；记住remind vt.提醒，使想起remote a.相隔很远的；心灰意冷淡的removal n.移动；迁移；除掉remove vt.移动，搬开；脱掉render vt.表示，给予；使得renew vt.使更新 vi.更新rent n.租金，租 vi.出租repair vt.&n.修理，修补repeat vt.重说，重做 n.重复repeatedly ad.重复地；一再repent vi.悔悟，悔改vt.懊悔repetition n.重复，反复replace vt.把…放往返；取代reply vi.&n.来答复，答复report vt.&vi.报告；汇报reporter n.记者，通讯员represent vt.描绘；代表；象征representative a.代表性的 n.代表reproach vt.&n.责备，指责reproduce vt.&vi.繁殖，生殖republic n.**国，**政体republican a.**国的reputation n.名誉，名声；好名声request n.&v.请求，要求require vt.需要；要求，命令requirement n.需要；要求rescue vt.&n.援救，营救research n.&vi.调查，探究researcher n.调查者；探究者resemble vt.像，类似reserve vt.储藏，保存；预定reservior n.水库；蓄水池residence n.居住；驻扎；住处resident a.居住的 n.居民resign vt.放弃 vi.辞职resignation n.放弃，辞职，对抗resist vt.&vi.抵抗，抵抗resistance n.抵抗；抵抗；抵抗力resistant a.抵抗的，对抗的resolution n.坚决，坚决；决定resolve vt.解决；决心 n.决心resort vi.&n.求助，凭借resource n.资源，物力；方法respect n.&vt.尊敬，尊重respectful a.恭敬的，尊重的respective 各自的，各个的 respectively ad.各自地，分别地respond vi.作答；响应response n.作答，答复；响应responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责responsible a.有责任的；尽责的rest n.休息；安静；静止rest n.剩余局部；其余的人restaurant n.餐馆，饭店，菜馆restless a.不安定的，焦虑的restore vt.恢复；回还；修补restrain vt.抑制，遏制；限制restraint n.抑制；遏制；抑制restrict vt限制，限定，约束restriction n.限制，限定，约束result n.成果 vi.发生，结果resume vt.恢复；重新开场retain vt.保持，保存，保有retell vt.再讲，重述，复述retire vi.退下；引退；就寝retreat vi.(被迫)退却，后退return vi.&n.往返来，返来回reveal vt.展现；提醒，揭露revenge vt.替…报仇 n.报仇reverse vt.颠倒，翻转 n.反面review vt.再检查 n.复习revise vt.修订，校订；修改revolt vi.&n.对抗，造反revolution n.革命；旋转，绕转revolutionary a.革命的 n.革命者reward n.报答；报酬 vt.报答rhythm n.韵律，格律；节奏rib n.肋，肋骨ribbon n.缎带，丝带；带rice n.稻，米，饭rich a.富的，丰富的rid vt.使摆脱，使去掉riddle n.谜，谜语ride vi.&n.骑马，乘车rider n.骑马的人；乘车的人ridge n.脊；岭，山脉；垄ridiculous a.荒唐的，可笑的rifle n.步枪，来复枪right a.正确的 ad.对，正好rigid a.刚硬的；僵硬的ring n.环形物(如圈、环等) ring vi.叫；按铃 n.铃声ripe a.熟的；时机成熟的ripen vt.使熟 vi.成熟rise vi.起立；升起；上涨risk n.风险，危险，冒险rival n.竞争者 a.竞争的river n.江，河，水道road n.路，道路，公路roar vi.吼鸣；呼喊 n.吼roast vt.&vi.烤，炙，烘rob vt.&vi.抢劫；劫掠robber n.强盗，盗贼robbery n.抢劫，劫掠，盗取robe n.长袍，长衣，浴衣robot n.机器人；自动机rock vt.摇，使动摇 vi.摇 rock n.岩，岩石；石头rocket n.火箭，火箭发动机rod n.杆，竿，棒role n.角色，作用，任务roll vi.&vt.滚动；转动roller n.滚柱，滚筒，滚轴Roman n.古罗马人 a.罗马的romantic a.浪漫的；传奇的roof n.屋顶，车顶；顶room n.房间；地位；余地root n.根，根子 vi.生根rope n.绳，索rose n.蔷薇花，蔷薇科植物rot vt.烂，腐坏 n.腐烂rotary a.旋转的，转动的rotate vi.旋转 vt.使旋转rotation n.旋转，转动；循环rotten a.腐烂的，发臭的rough a.外表不平的；粗略的roughly ad.粗糙地，粗略地round a.圆的 n.兜圈；一轮rouse vt.唤醒，唤起；惊起route n.路，路线，路程routine n.例行公事 a.日常的row n.(一)排，(一)行row vt.划(舟等) vi.划舟royal a.王的；皇家的rub vt.摩擦，擦 vi.摩擦rubber n.橡皮(擦子)；橡胶rubbish n.垃圾，废物；废话rude a.加工粗糙的；粗野的rug n.小地毯；毛毯ruin n.消灭；废墟 vt.毁坏rule n.统治；规定；习惯ruler n.统治者；尺，直尺-rumour n.谣言，谣传，传闻run vi.跑，奔；行驶；流runner n.赛跑的人rural a.农村的，田园的rush vi.冲，奔 vt.催促Russian a.俄罗斯的 n.俄国人rust n.锈 vi.生锈，氧化rusty a.生锈的；变迟钝的。

1.Forage(饲料):Edible parts of plants, other than separated grain, that can provide feed forgrazing animals, or that can be harvested for feeding. Includes browse, herbage and mast. 2.Herbage（牧草）:The biomass of herbaceous plants, other than separated grain, generallyabove ground but including edible roots and tubers.3.Browse（灌木嫩枝叶）:Leaf and twig growth of shrubs, woody vines, trees, cacti, and othernon-herbaceous vegetation available for animal consumption.4.Grazing land（放牧地）:Any vegetated land that is grazed or that has the potential to begrazed by animals.5.Cropland（农田）:Land devoted to the production of cultivated crops. May be used toproduce forage crops.6.forestland（林地）:Forestland that produces, at least periodically, sufficiently understoryvegetation that can be grazed.7.Pasture（牧草地）:Land devoted to the production of indigenous or introduced forage forharvest primarily by grazing.Pasture generally must be managed to arrest successional processes.8.Range（天然放牧地）:Land supporting indigenous vegetation that is grazed or that has thepotential to be grazed, and is managed as a natural ecosystem.9.Rangeland（天然草地）:Land on which the indigenous vegetation (climax or naturalpotential) is predominantly grasses, grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs and is managed as a natural ecosystem. If plants are introduced, they are managed as indigenous species.10.Mob-stocking(冒布放牧法)：an agricultural technique whereby a large herd of sheep orlivestock is confined to an area to do intensive grazing！将一大群绵羊和家畜仅限于一个小区进行集约放牧的农业技术！11.Grazing land（放牧地）包括：Cropland（农田）、Range（天然放牧地）、Grassland（草地）.12.Grassland（草地）包括：Pasture（放牧草地）、Range land（天然草地）、Turf（草坪）.13.Meadow fescue（草地羊茅）、Meadow grasses（早熟禾）、Bentgrass（剪股颖）、Yorkshirefog（绒毛草）.14.Sward（草层,草丛）:A population of herbaceous plants, characterized by a relatively shorthabit of growth and relatively continuous ground cover, including both above- and below-ground parts.15.Ley (lay)（短期轮作草地）:The pasture phase of a crop rotation specially designed to improvesoil productivity.16.IGC:International Grassland Congress;IRC:International Rangeland Congress.17.propagation （扦插）):The development of new plants by a process which does not requirethe production of seed.18.N：nitrogen ['naitrədʒən]；P：phosphorus ['fɔsfərəs]；K：potassium [pə'tæsjəm]19.Perennial ryegrass（多年生黑麦草）、Lucerne（紫花苜蓿）、White clover（白三叶）.20.Moisture（潮湿）、Precipitation（降雨）、field capacity（田间最大持水量）、coefficient ofvariation（变异系数）、Water logging（水涝）、Arable（可耕的）、Sward（草地）、Susceptibility （感病率性）、Starch（淀粉）、Legume（豆科牧草）、Poaching（践踏）、Leys（牧地）、Troughs（饲料槽）、Monocultures（单作）、Rumen（瘤胃）、Ensilability（青贮能力）、Pastoral （牧草的）、Weaning（断奶）、Trefoils（三叶草）、hectare（公顷）、paddock（围场、小牧场）、drainage（排水）、occasional（偶然的）、acidic（酸性的）、alkaline（碱性的）、recommend（推荐、建议）、susceptibility（敏感性）、diminish（减小、缩小）、agronomist（农学家）、per se（本身、自身）、comprehensive（综合的）、stocking rate（载畜率）、complement（补充）、reclamation（开垦、改良）、ruminant （反刍动物）、synthesize（合成）、lactate（喂奶、泌乳）、glucose（葡萄糖）、simulate（模仿、冒充）、constituent（成分）、cellulose（纤维素）、constraint（约束、局促）21.The levels of herbage production are determined collectively by site conditions, includingsoil nutrient status, temperature and water availability, and the various management inputs employed by the farmers.（牧草产量的水平由场地条件,包括土壤养分状况、温度和水量,以及各种受雇于农民的管理投入共同决定）22.Soil moisture, which is affected by the amount and distribution of precipitation as well as bytemperature and soil conditions, is a most important factor affecting levels of herbage production, particularly in summer and in areas that experience seasonal drought.（土壤水分,受气候和土壤条件影响,同时又受降水的数量和分布的影响,它是影响牧草产量水平的最重要的因素,特别是在夏天和经历季节性干旱的地区）23.It also considers the chemical composition and nutritive value of forages, the prediction ofanimal performance on forage based-diets and the use of supplements to overcome nutrient limitations of grass.（它还考虑了牧草的化学成分和营养价值,预报动物日常饲料食用性能和补饲的使用,以克服草地营养的局限性）24.Feed Value has three main components:The amount of forage the animal will eat (voluntaryintake)；The content of nutrients in the forage (nutrient content)；The ability of the animal to absorb and utilize the nutrients (nutrient availability).25.Amenity（舒服）、trample（践踏）、turfgrass（草坪草）26.Leafspo t（叶斑病）– spots have a definite size, shape, and colour27.Leafblights（叶枯病）– spots have no definite size and shape, they spread until the entire leafis covered28.Galls（磨伤）– swellings（膨胀）on any part of the plant29.Cankers（溃烂）– sunken areas on any part of the plant30.Root rots（根腐病）– infection primarily of the outer layers of the root31.Vascular wilts （萎焉病）– infection primarily of the xylem vessels32.Stem rots/diebacks（茎腐病、枯死）、Distortions（扭曲、变形）、Crown rust（冠锈病）、Powdery mildew（白粉病）、Ryegrass mosaic virus（花叶病毒病）。

英语专业词汇1. adjective 形容词2. adverb 副词3. pronoun 代词4. numeral 数词5. preposition 介词6. conjunction 连词7. interjection 感叹词8. prefix v..给…加前缀n. 前缀9. suffix v.给…加后缀n. 后缀10. morpheme 词素11. article n.（物品）一件，一种文章，论文12. autobiography 自传13. bracket n. ⑴括号⑵（年龄，收入等的）等级段，档次v.⑴把…置于括号内⑵把…归入同一类14. chapter n.（书，文章的）章，回15. dub v.⑴给…起绰号，把…称为⑵为（电影等）配音，译制（影片）16. essay n. 散文，随笔17. fiction 小说18. grammar n. 语法（书）19. idiomatic adj. 符合习惯用法的，习俗的20. literacy n. 识字，有文化，读写能力21. literally adv. ⑴逐字地，照原文，照字面地⑵真正地22. literary adj. ⑴文学上的⑵文人的，书卷气的23. literature n. ⑴文学，文学作品⑵文献，图书资料24. masterpiece n.杰作25. motto n. ⑴箴言，格言，座右铭⑵（尤指英国圣诞节小鞭炮中彩色纸上印的）俏皮话，妙句⑶题词，题句，警句26. phrase n.乐句，短语27. prose n. 散文28. punctuation n.标点，标点符号29. sonnet n. 十四行诗30. tale n.故事，传说31. aboriginal n. 土著adj. 土著的32. archaeology n. 考古学33. Bible n. 圣经，有权威的书34. bishop n. ⑴主教⑵（国际象棋中的）象35. blessing n. 祝福36. Buddhist n. 佛教37. Buddhist n. 佛教经38. cathedral n. 大教堂39. catholic adj. ⑴天主教的⑵普遍的，广泛的。