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骨科博士入学试题集1.名词解释LShenton线：沿闭孔上缘划线并向外侧延伸与股骨颈下缘相连，正常髋关节呈一连续性弧线，如该线中断说明髋臼与股骨头关系异常。
2.McMurray征：患者仰卧，检查者一手拇指及其余四指分别按住膝关节内外侧间隙，一手握住足跟部，极度屈膝。
在伸膝过程中，当小腿内收、外旋时有弹响或合并疼痛，说明内侧半月板损伤；当小腿外展、内旋时有弹响或合并疼痛，说明外侧半月板有病变。
3.Finkelsteintest:患者握拳（拇指埋于拳内），使腕部尺偏，若桡骨茎头处出现疼痛为阳性。
阳性者提示桡骨茎头狭窄性腱鞘炎。
4.Brodieabscess（:慢性局限性骨脓肿）brodie于1836年首先描述，多见于儿童和青年，胫骨上端和下端，股骨、肱骨和桡骨下端为好发部位，偶见于椎体等扁平骨。
一般认为系低毒力细菌感染所致，或因全身抵抗力强而使化脓性骨髓炎局限于骨端的一部分。
X线可见长骨干骺端或骨干皮质骨显示圆形或椭圆形低密度骨质破坏区，边缘较整齐，周围密度增高为骨质硬化区，硬化带与正常骨质间无明确分界。
（分4型，P1245）5.C odman’striangle:长骨骨肉瘤位于干骺端的骨髓腔中央或为偏心性。
一侧或四周的骨皮质被浸润和破坏，其表面的骨外膜被掀起，切面上可见肿瘤上、下两端的骨皮质和掀起的骨外膜之间形成三角形隆起，其间堆积由骨外膜产生的新生骨。
此三角称为Codman三角。
seque’ssign:患者仰卧，屈髋、膝，于屈髋位伸膝时，引起患肢痛或肌肉痉挛者为阳性。
腰椎间盘突出征的表现之一。
7.Charcot’sjoint:夏科氏关节是指由于某些神经系统疾病引起的关节病变，也被称为神经性关节炎。
常见病因有脊髓痨、脊髓空洞症等。
原发的神经病变可以造成关节深部感觉障碍，对于关节的震荡、磨损、挤压、劳倦不能察觉因而也不能自主地保护和避免，而神经营养障碍又可使修复能力低下，使病人在无感觉状态下造成了关节软骨的磨损和破坏，关节囊和韧带松弛无力，易形成关节脱位和连枷关节。
第二章颈椎骨折脱位颈椎损伤系指因直接或间接暴力所致的颈椎骨、关节及相关韧带的损伤,并常伴有脊髓和脊神经根损伤。
随着工业、交通和体育事业的进展,意外事故的发生率不断上升,颈椎损伤患者的数量有增加趋势。
颈椎损伤往往可造成严峻后果,给患者及其家庭和社会带来繁重负担。
脊柱脊髓损伤后,其功能的恢复有赖于及时正确的现场救助、急症处置及有效、持续的专科医治。
颈椎损伤的分类对颈脊柱和脊髓损伤的急救医治及预后的判定有重要意义。
第一节颈椎损伤的分类1、依照损伤病程分类由于损伤后病程长短不同处置方式有异，故临床上将其分为:<1)急性颈椎损伤。
颈椎损伤3周内均属于急性损伤，但与损伤初期有区别。
<2)陈腐性颈椎损伤。
颈推损伤3周以上，软组织已获初步愈合，属于陈腐性损伤。
2依照损伤部位和类型分类2．1上颈椎损伤指枕一寰一枢椎复合体任何结构损伤。
常见以下类型:(1)寰枕关节脱位;(2)寰枢关节半脱位;(3)寰椎爆裂性骨折((Jcffcrson骨折);<4)寰椎前弓撕脱骨折;(5)寰推后弓骨折;(6)枢椎椎弓骨折(Hangman骨折);(7)枢椎椎休骨折;(8>齿状突骨折;(9)寰枢间韧带损伤、寰枢关节脱位。
由于损伤机制不同，能够多种损伤类型并存。
2. 2下颈椎损伤指C3-C7的损伤，亦包括颈胸连接(C7/Tl)处损伤。
常见类型:(1)颈椎半脱位(前脱位或后脱位);(2)椎体单纯紧缩性骨折;(3)单纯关节突关节脱位或交锁;(4)双侧关节脱位或交锁:(5)推体爆裂骨折;(6)椎体前下缘撕脱骨折;(7)椎体矢状骨折;(8)椎体水平骨折;(9)椎弓骨折;(10)椎板骨折;(11)关节突骨折(单侧或双侧);(12)棘突骨折;(13)钩椎关节(钩状突)骨折。
二、按脊柱损伤机制分类以Allen等提出的分类方式为基础。
屈曲紧缩型(compressiveflexion,CF)度这种损伤包括椎体前上缘变钝,轮廓显现为圆形,没有明显的后方韧带复合结构损伤。
hangman单词【释义】hangmann.刽子手；绞刑吏；执行绞刑者复数hangmen【短语】1The Last Hangman最后的绞刑师;片;原2Hangman fractureHangman骨折;枢椎椎弓骨折3Ultimate Hangman上吊猜单词;终极猜词;终极猜单词;终极猜字游戏4Hangman NOOSE护送模式5Hangman骨折Hangman fracture6Last Hangman最后的绞刑师7Puppet Hangman木偶刽子手8Hangman Classic吊死鬼【例句】1How did the hangman get married?绞刑吏是怎么结婚的？2He cheated the hangman.他骗过了刽子手。
3He cheated the hangman.他被骗子骗了。
4Hangman,now specially adapted for kids!刽子手，现在专门适用于孩子！5Hangman is a popular word guessing game.这是一个流行的单词猜谜游戏。
6Hangman is essentially a word-guessing game.Hangman实质上是一款猜字游戏。
7Play hangman with your spelling words with a friend.与你的朋友一起玩词汇拼写游戏。
8To put together a crude game of hangman,we need to start with a word list.要构建一个简陋的hangman游戏，我们需要从单词列表开始。
9Others asked for more details on what qualifications were needed to be a hangman.另外一些人询问关于当一个刽子手需要什么资格证书等更多的有关细节。
不同手术方法治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的疗效观察摘要：目的探究不同手术方法治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的疗效。
方法于2014年1月-2018年12月期间，抽取40例不稳定Hangman骨折患者作为观察对象，将患者分为A组（20例）和B组（20例），A组患者接受颈前路钛板螺钉融合内固定术治疗，B组采取颈椎后路椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗。
观察对比两组患者治疗效果、手术情况以及术后生活质量。
结果A组中总有效率95.0%，B组中总有效率75.0%，AB两组差异明显（P＜0.05）；同时，A组患者的生活质量得分情况要明显高于B组，两组间差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。
A组手术时间和住院时间更短、术中出血量更少，两组间差异明显（P＜0.05）。
结论不稳定Hangman骨折患者接受前路钛板螺钉融合内固定治疗的效果优良，治疗的有效率高，并且缩短了手术时间和住院时间，有益于患者后期康复，值得推广。
关键词：不稳定Hangman骨折；疗效；颈椎前路融合术；椎弓根螺钉内固定术【Abstract】Objective：To investigate the efficacy of different surgical methodsin the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. METHODS：From January 2014 to December 2018，40 patients with unstable Hangman fracture were selected as the observation objects，and the patients were divided into group A（20 cases）and group B（20 cases）. Group A received anterior cervical titanium plate screw fusion internal fixation，and group B received posterior cervical pedicle screw internal fixation. The therapeutic effect，operative status and postoperative quality of life of the two groups were observed and compared. Results：the total effective rate was 95.0% in group A and 75.0% in group B，and the difference between the two groups was significant（P < 0.05）. Meanwhile，the quality of life score of patients in groupA was significantly higher than that in group B，and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The operative time and hospital stay were shorter in group A，and the intraoperative blood loss was less，and the difference between the two groups was significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：the treatment of unstable Hangman fracture patients with anterior titanium plate screw fusion internal fixation has good effect，high effective rate，shortened operationtime and hospitalization time，and is beneficial to the later rehabilitation of patients，which is worthy of promotion.[Key words]：unstable Hangman fracture；curative effect；pedicle screw internal fixationHangman骨折是颈椎骨折类型中较为特殊的一种，也被称为枢椎双侧椎弓根骨折，不稳定型则是患者的C2、C3椎体成角或者出现滑脱的情况，给患者的日常生活和身体健康造成较大影响，关于不稳定Hangman骨折的治疗也受到较多关注，本研究于2014年1月-2018年12月期间，抽取40例不稳定Hangman骨折患者进行观察分析，将其分为两个小组并采取不同的治疗方式，探究不同手术方法治疗不稳定Hangman骨折的疗效，详细如下。
Aviator骨折：是距骨的骨折，在第一次世界大战期间被描述，是一种水平压力造成的骨折。
Barton骨折：累及橈骨远端尖节面移位骨折，可能发生腕矢节半脱位，骨折线可以发生在背侧或掌侧。
Bennett骨折：第1掌骨基底的斜形骨折，掌骨近端形成轴向移位，掌侧边缘形成三角形的骨碎片。
Bosworth骨折：腓骨远端骨折伴有胫骨脊近端后外的骨碎片。
Boxer骨折：第5掌骨颈骨折伴有掌骨头向掌侧移位。
Burst骨折椎体轴向压力造成的骨折，通常发生骨折碎片向外侧的移位。
可以发生在颈椎、胸椎或腰椎。
Chance骨折：胸腰段椎体的分离性骨折，伴随脊髓、神经根、椎体的水平方向的崩裂骨折。
Chauffeur骨折：橈骨干的斜形骨折，早期有机械性弯曲，进而通过逆性外力造成的斜形骨折。
Chopart骨折：骨折或移位累及足的Chopart尖节。
Clay-shoveler骨折：下颈椎或上胸椎脊柱序列的骨折，损伤是由于工人企图向上扔一满铁铲的泥土，但是泥土粘住铁铲，引起一个突然的屈曲力量反作用于颈部引起的损伤。
Colles骨折：橈骨远端骨折的一般术语，伴有挠骨远端向背侧的移位，可以有或没有尺骨干的骨折。
Cotton骨折：是指伴有双踝及后踝的三踝骨折。
Die-punch骨折：远端橈骨的尖节内骨折，伴有月骨陷窝背侧表面的压迫。
Dupuytren骨折：腓骨远端骨折伴有远端胫腓韧带断裂，以及距骨侧方移位。
Duverney骨折：骼骨翼的骨折，但么有骨盆环的分离移位。
Essex-Lopresti骨折：梯骨颈骨折伴有远端尺橈尖节分离。
Galeazzi骨折：楼骨远端1/3骨折伴有尺骨远端半脱位。
Greenstick骨折：儿童的不完全性骨折，伴有骨折的压力侧部分皮质和骨膜的连接。
Hangman骨折：骨折通过第2颈椎椎体（轴位）神经弓。
Hill-Sachs骨折：后外侧肱骨头压缩性骨折，是由于前方矢节盂移位或肱骨碰撞前方矢节盂边缘引起。
Holstein —Lewis骨折：肱骨远端1/3骨折伴橈神经嵌压。
名词解释：1.jefferson骨折：又称寰椎前后弓骨折，由于头部受垂直暴力致使枕骨髁撞击寰椎引起寰椎侧块与前后弓交界处发生骨折。
此骨折向四周扩散移位，不压迫颈髓，故病人仅有颈项痛。
2.Hangman’s fracture:又称溢死者骨折，暴力来自颏部，使颈椎过度仰伸，在枢椎的后半部分形成强大的剪切力量，致枢椎的椎弓发生垂直状骨折。
3.Chance骨折：经椎体、椎弓及棘突的横向骨折。
也可以是前后纵韧带-椎间盘-后柱韧带部分的损伤。
4.脊髓震荡（spinalconcussion）：脊髓遭受强烈震荡后立即发生迟缓性瘫痪，损伤的平面以下感觉，运动反射及括约肌功能全部丧失。
因为在组织形态学上并没有病理变化发生，只是暂时性功能抑制，可以在数分钟或数小时内可以完全恢复。
5.前脊髓综合征：颈脊髓前方受压严重，有时可引起脊髓前中央动脉闭塞，临床表现为损伤水平以下立即出现四肢瘫痪，浅感觉如痛觉、温度觉减退或丧失，而位置觉、振动觉等深感觉存在。
有时伴括约肌功能障碍。
6.后脊髓综合征：脊髓受损平面以下运动功能和痛温触觉存在，但深感觉全部或部分消失。
7.脊髓中央管周围综合征：主要发生于颈椎过伸性损伤。
颈椎管因为颈椎的过伸而发生急剧的容积变化，脊髓受皱褶黄韧带，椎间盘或是骨刺的前后挤压，使脊髓中央管周围的传导束受到损伤，表现为损伤平面以下的四肢瘫痪，上肢重于下肢，没有感觉分离，预后差。
8.脊髓半切综合征（Brown-Séquard）：损伤平面一下同侧肢体的运动和深感觉消失，对侧肢体的痛觉和温觉消失。
9.完全性截瘫：指脊髓受伤平面以下的感觉、运动、反射完全消失，括约肌功能完全丧失。
10.脊髓圆锥综合征：两下肢多无明显的运动功能障碍，肛门与会阴部有鞍状感觉障碍，性功能障碍（阳痿或射精不能）；大小便失禁或潴留，肛门等反射消失。
偶尔可以保留球-肛门反射和排尿反射。
11.马尾神经损伤：表现为损伤平面以下弛缓性瘫痪，有感觉及运动功能障碍及括约肌功能丧失，肌张力降低，腱反射消失，没有病理性锥体束征。
颅内压增高和脑疝1.Increased Intracranial Pressure, 颅内压增高神经外科常见的临床综合征。
颅脑损伤、肿瘤、血管病、脑积水、炎症等多种病理损害发展至一定阶段，使颅腔内容积增加，导致颅内压持续超过正常上限，从而引起相应综合征。
常出现头痛、呕吐和视神经乳头水肿的典型临床表现。
颅内压增高会引发脑疝危象，可使病人因呼吸循环衰竭而死亡。
2.Cushing Reflex, 库欣反应颅内压急剧升高时，病人出现心跳和脉搏缓慢、呼吸节律减慢，血压升高，称为库欣反应。
这种危象多见于急性颅内压增高病例，慢性者则不明显。
颅脑损伤3.Contrecoup Injury, 对冲伤运动着的头部突然撞于静止的物体所引起的损伤，称为减速性损伤，这种方式所致的损伤不仅发生于着力部位，也常发生于着力部位的对侧。
4.Lucid Interval, 中间清醒期原发性脑损伤较重，伤后一度昏迷，随后完全清醒或好转，但不久又陷入昏迷。
主要是由于颅内血肿的形成，是颅脑血肿的典型临床表现。
肺部疾病5.Paraneoplastic Syndromes, PNS, 副癌综合征少数肺癌病例，由于肿瘤产生内分泌物质，临床上呈现非转移性的全身症状，如骨关节综合征（杵状指等）、库欣综合征、男性乳腺增大、多发性肌肉神经痛等。
这些症状在切除肺癌后可能消失。
食管疾病6.Barrett Esophagus, Barrett食管食管下段的鳞状上皮被柱状上皮覆盖，目前认为是获得性，可能与反流性食管炎相关，并有发生腺癌的可能。
其症状主要是胃食管反流及并发症所引起的，胃食管反流症状为胸骨后烧灼感、胸痛及反胃。
心脏疾病7.Extracorporeal Circulation, ECC, 体外循环使用特殊的装置将人体静脉血引出体外，进行人工气体交换、温度调节和过滤等处理，再泵入人体动脉内的一项生命支持技术。
其目的是暂时取代人体的心、肺功能，维持全身重要组织器官的血液供应和气体交换。
Hangman 骨折的临床诊断与治疗【摘要】目的探讨Hangman骨折的临床、影像学特点，诊断以及治疗方案。
方法回顾性分析我院收治的17例Hangmans 骨折患者的临床资料。
结果4例Ⅰ型患者牵引后改用头颈胸支具固定。
Ⅱ型根据复位情况考虑行手术或非手术治疗, 合并有颈髓损伤的Ⅱ型和ⅡA 型骨折以及Ⅲ型骨折则应手术治疗。
随访时间为6～36 个月, 结果为骨折均愈合或植骨均融合。
结论X 线片、CT 扫描及MRI 检查是Hangman 骨折必要的诊断措施；Hangman 骨折的治疗方案的选择取决于颈椎稳定性, 应根据颈椎的稳定性合理选择治疗方案。
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and radiographic character, the diagnosis and treatment of Hangmans fractures. Methods Retrospective analysis of 17 cases admitted to hospital clinical data Hangmans fracture.Results Type I (4 cases) were managed with traction followed by bracement, Conservative treatment may be applicable for the fractures of type Ⅰand type Ⅱ, but those of type Ⅱor type ⅡA accompanied with acute injuring spinal cord or type Ⅲrequire surgical intervention.Conclusion X-ray、CT and MRI are required in the course of diagnosis for Hangmans fracture. The treatment methods for Hangmans fractures should be selected properly according to the stability of cervical spine.【Key words】Hangmans fracture; Diagnosis；Internal FixationHangmans骨折,又称绞刑骨折,指在暴力作用于枢椎上、下关节突之间的骨质连接部发生的骨折,伴或不伴枢椎前脱位。
2019 年吉林大学骨科学复试真题（一）简答题（5 分/道）1.消毒灭菌的方法2.血制品的分类3.术前对糖尿病人的评估和控制血糖4.烧伤严重程度的分级5.恶性肿瘤根据组织来源分类及命名（二）问答题（15 分/道）1.体液失调和酸碱失衡的常见类型和病因2.中心静脉压和补液之间的关系3.肠外营养制剂的组成成分4.脓毒血症的临床表现5.创伤的并发症2019 年上海交通大学骨科复试真题（一）名词解释1.肘管综合征2.病理性骨折3.Tinel 征4.Colles 骨折5.腰椎间盘突出（二）简答题1.肩关节脱位的分类及临床表现2.影响骨折愈合的因素3.骨折治疗原则4.脊柱的三柱理论5.股骨颈骨折的分类和临床表现6.骨肉瘤的临床表现和辅助检查的特点三、论述题1、断肢再植的手术原则（一）名词解释1.休克2.病理性骨折3.骨筋膜室综合征4.腰椎管狭窄5.关节脱位（二）简答题1.骨折的早期并发症2.骨关节炎的治疗3.股骨颈骨折的分类（三）论述题1.试述国际前沿技术在骨科中的应用2.骨质疏松和骨质软化的定义和 X 线区别3.良恶性骨肿瘤的鉴别4.影像学在临床应用的价值5.股骨头血供及对股骨颈骨折治疗和预后的意义（四）翻译1.中译英：影响骨折愈合因素的文章2.英译中：介绍骨质疏松 osteoporosis 的病因，可能机制的英文文章2019 年上海交通大学骨科复试真题（一）名词解释1.肘管综合征2.病理性骨折3.Tinel 征4.Colles 骨折5.腰椎间盘突出（二）简答题1.肩关节脱位的分类及临床表现2.影响骨折愈合的因素3.骨折治疗原则4.脊柱的三柱理论5.股骨颈骨折的分类和临床表现6.骨肉瘤的临床表现和辅助检查的特点三、论述题1、断肢再植的手术原则2019 年郑州大学骨科复试真题（专硕）英语、专业基础即病理、专业课即诊断加外科专业课（一）名词解释1.坏疽2.蜂窝织炎3.棒状小体（二）简答题1.癌和肉瘤的鉴别2.霍奇金淋巴瘤的分型外科（一）名词解释1.创伤2.二重感染3.肿瘤4.ARDS（二）简答题1.补钾原则2.输血适应症3.休克的表现及监测4.预防使用抗生素的指征诊断（一）名词解释1.kussmaul 呼吸2.发绀3.肝颈静脉回流征（二）简答题1.渗出液与漏出液的鉴别2.现病史的内容3.黄疸的鉴别4.二度房室传导阻滞的心电图表现2019 温州医科大学骨科学复试真题（一）名词解释1.AOSC2.Tinel 征3.LUTS4.Eisenmenger 综合征5.交通性脑积水（二）简答论述1.急性阑尾炎的临床诊断2.转子间骨折的 Evans 骨折分型3.简述膀胱肿瘤的 TMN 分期中 T 分期4.Pancoast 瘤的临床表现5.简述垂体腺瘤的按照内分泌功能分型6.胫骨平台骨折 Schatzker 分型2019 温州医科大学骨科复试真题（一）名词解释1.calot 三角2.应力性骨折3.肾自截4.体外循环5.创伤性窒息（二）简答论述1.急性胰腺炎非手术治疗2.骨肿瘤的临床表现3.尿三杯试验及意义4.急性脓胸的治疗原则5.蛛网膜下腔出血常见原因2019 年广州医科大学附属第一医院骨科专硕复试真题（一）简答题1.Codman 三角2.Colles 骨折3.慢性血源性骨髓炎的病理特点4.托马斯征5.颈椎病分型（二）论述题1.腰椎间盘突出神经根痛的机制2.骨肿瘤外科分期。
骨科名词解释高尔夫球肘（Golfer's elbow）即肱骨内上髁炎，是由于肘部过度活动引起肘部屈肌附着处疼痛。
Cobb角 Cobb角是用来测量脊柱弯曲的度数。
根据X线片确立中立椎体后从弯曲的上、下两端椎各画一条平行于椎体终板的直线, 再各画一条垂直于以上两条直线的第二条直线, 此后两条直线的夹角即为Cobb角的测量值。
DDD（degenerative disc disease）椎间盘退变性疾病是指由椎间盘退变（intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD）引起的以颈肩腰腿疼痛为主要表现的临床症候群,包括颈、腰椎间盘突出症,颈椎病,退变引起的椎间盘源性腰痛,退变性颈、腰椎不稳症和退变性颈、腰椎管狭窄症等手内肌阳性手(intrinsic-plus hand)手内肌挛缩或作用增强表现，鹅颈畸形，掌指关节屈曲，近指间关节过伸，远指间关节屈曲或过伸，常见于类风湿关节炎，脑瘫或者臂丛神经损伤。
手内肌阴性征(intrinsic-minus hand)尺神经损伤时出现手内肌麻痹的表现，爪形手，掌指关节过伸，指间关节屈曲，手指不能内收外展。
肩关节不稳定 (shoulder instability，SI)肩关节不稳定指创伤或非创伤引起的向前方、前下、下方、后下、后方及前上方单向或多向脱位、半脱位。
手的功能位；腕背屈20-35，拇指外展、对掌，其他手指略分开，掌指关节及近侧指间关节半屈曲，而远侧指间关节微屈曲，相当于握小球的体位。
是手能够发挥最大功能的位置。
Ankylosing Spondylitis(强直性脊柱炎)是脊柱的慢性炎症，侵及骶髂关节、关节突、附近韧带和近躯干的大关节，导致纤维性和骨性强直和畸形。
属于血清阴性反应的结缔组织疾病。
Apley grind test (Apley 研磨试验)病人俯卧位，膝关节屈曲90度，检查者将小腿用力下压，并且作内旋和外旋运动，使股骨与胫骨关节面之间发生摩擦，若外旋产生疼痛，提示为内侧半月板损伤。
hangman骨折名词解释
嘿，你知道啥是 hangman 骨折不？这可真不是一般的骨折啊！想象
一下，就好像脖子那里的骨头突然出了个大状况。
Hangman 骨折呢，其实就是枢椎椎弓骨折啦！你可能会问，为啥叫
这么个奇怪的名字呀？这就有意思了，就好比有个叫“Hangman”的人在那里捣鬼一样。
就好像你在玩游戏，突然有个关键环节出错了，哎呀，这可就麻烦啦！例子嘛，就像你搭积木，眼看着快搭好了，结果中间
有一块突然塌了，整个就散架了，这多让人郁闷呀！
这种骨折一般是由于暴力作用导致的呢，比如高处坠落、车祸啥的。
想想看，那冲击力得有多大呀！就像一阵狂风猛地吹来，把好好的东
西都给吹坏了。
而且呀，它的表现也挺明显的，脖子疼呀，活动受限呀。
这多难受呀，你说是不是？就像你想转头看看后面，却发现怎么
都转不过去，急死个人啦！
那如果遇到这种情况该咋办呢？当然得赶紧去医院呀！医生会通过
各种检查来确定骨折的严重程度。
这就跟侦探查案似的，一点点地找
线索，然后找出解决办法。
医生可能会根据具体情况选择保守治疗或
者手术治疗呢。
就好像面对一道难题，得找到最合适的解题方法才行。
我觉得呀，hangman 骨折可不是小事，大家可得重视起来。
平时一
定要注意安全，别去做那些危险的事儿。
保护好自己的脖子，就像保
护珍贵的宝贝一样。
毕竟，脖子可是很重要的呀，要是出了问题，那
可不得了！所以呀，大家都要小心再小心，可别让这种倒霉事找上自己哟！。
hangman fracture英语文献全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hangman fracture is a type of injury that affects the bones in our neck. It is named after the way we used to hang people in the olden days. But don't worry, it's not something that happens often nowadays!Hangman fracture usually happens when we have a sudden and forceful movement of our head and neck, like in a car accident or when we fall from a height. The bones that are often affected are the second vertebra in our neck, called the axis, and the first vertebra, called the atlas. These bones are very important because they help us move our head up and down.When we have a hangman fracture, the ligaments that hold our bones together can get torn or stretched too much. This can cause a lot of pain and make it hard for us to move our head. Sometimes, the fracture can be so severe that it can put pressure on our spinal cord, which is a very serious problem.If you ever suspect you have a hangman fracture, it's important to see a doctor right away. They will do some tests likeX-rays or MRIs to see what's going on in your neck. Depending on how bad the fracture is, you might need to wear a neck brace for a while or even have surgery to fix it.But don't worry too much! With the right treatment and some rest, most people with hangman fractures can recover and go back to their normal activities. Just remember to be careful and always wear your seatbelt when you're in a car. Safety first, friends!篇2Hangman fracture is a type of injury that happens in the neck area. It sounds like a scary name, right? But don't worry, I'm here to explain what it is in a fun and easy way.So, hangman fracture happens when the second vertebrae in your neck gets broken. Vertebrae are like little bones that make up your spine. The second vertebrae is called the axis, and it is important for keeping your head and neck in place.But how does hangman fracture happen? Well, it usually occurs when there is a sudden and strong force applied to the neck. It can happen in car accidents, sports injuries, or even falling from a height. When this force is too much for the neck to handle, the axis can get fractured.Symptoms of hangman fracture can include pain in the neck, difficulty moving your head, and numbness or tingling in your arms or legs. If you think you might have a hangman fracture, it's important to see a doctor right away.Treatment for hangman fracture usually involves wearing a neck brace to keep your neck stable while the bone heals. In some cases, surgery may be needed to fix the fracture.Remember, it's important to always be safe and take care of your body. Accidents can happen, but knowing about hangman fracture and how to prevent it can help keep you safe and healthy. Stay active, but also stay safe!篇3Hangman fracture is a type of fracture that happens in the neck bones. It is a very serious injury and can cause a lot of pain and problems for the person who has it.One of the main causes of a Hangman fracture is when someone falls or is in a car accident and their head jerks forward suddenly. This can cause the bones in their neck to break.If someone has a Hangman fracture, they might have symptoms like neck pain, trouble moving their head, or evennumbness or weakness in their arms or legs. It's really important for them to see a doctor right away if they think they might have this type of injury.Treatment for a Hangman fracture usually involves wearing a neck brace to keep the bones in place while they heal. In some cases, surgery might be needed to fix the broken bones.It's super important to be careful and avoid situations where you might be at risk for a Hangman fracture. Always wear a seatbelt in the car and be careful when playing sports or doing activities that could lead to a neck injury.Remember, safety first! Take care of your neck and avoid situations that could cause a Hangman fracture. And if you ever feel any neck pain or have trouble moving your head, don't wait – go see a doctor right away!篇4Hangman fracture, also known as traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis, is a specific type of neck injury that commonly occurs in car accidents or falls. It happens when the second cervical vertebra, also known as C2 or the axis, is fractured due to extreme hyperextension of the neck. This type of injury is named after the method of execution by hanging, asthe force of the injury is similar to that experienced during hanging.Symptoms of a hangman fracture include severe neck pain, difficulty moving the neck, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs, and in severe cases, paralysis. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect a hangman fracture, as it can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.The diagnosis of a hangman fracture is typically confirmed through a physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans, and sometimes a CT scan to assess the extent of the injury. Treatment options for a hangman fracture may include immobilization of the neck with a brace or collar, traction to realign the vertebrae, or in severe cases, surgery to stabilize the neck.Prevention of hangman fractures includes wearing seat belts in the car, using proper safety equipment when participating in activities that may result in falls or collisions, and practicing good posture to avoid excessive strain on the neck.In conclusion, hangman fractures are serious injuries that require prompt medical attention. By being aware of the causes and symptoms of this type of injury, and taking precautions to prevent it, we can reduce the risk of experiencing a hangmanfracture and ensure the safety of our necks. Remember, safety first!篇5Hangman fracture is a type of injury that happens in the neck when someone's head is thrown back suddenly, like in a car accident or a fall. It's called a Hangman fracture because it can happen when someone is hanged – but don't worry, it's not common!When someone gets a Hangman fracture, it usually affects the second cervical vertebra, which is called C2. This vertebra is important because it helps support the head and allows us to move our head up and down.The main cause of a Hangman fracture is when the neck is extended too far, like when someone's head whips back during a sudden stop. This can put a lot of strain on the ligaments and bones in the neck, causing them to break or become dislocated.Symptoms of a Hangman fracture can include neck pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the head. In severe cases, there may also be numbness or weakness in the arms or legs. If someone suspects they have a Hangman fracture, they should see a doctor right away for a proper diagnosis and treatment.Treatment for a Hangman fracture usually involves wearing a neck brace to support the neck and allow it to heal properly. In some cases, surgery may be needed to realign the bones and stabilize the neck.Preventing a Hangman fracture is all about being safe and cautious when doing activities that could put the neck at risk. Wearing a seatbelt in the car, using proper safety equipment during sports, and avoiding risky behaviors can all help reduce the chances of this type of injury.Remember, accidents happen, but being aware of the risks and taking precautions can help keep us safe and healthy. So, stay safe and take care of your neck – it's a pretty important body part!篇6Once upon a time, there was a bone in our body called the humerus. It's a big bone in our arm that helps us lift things and play sports. But sometimes, this bone can get hurt. One way it can get hurt is called a "hangman fracture."The hangman fracture is a type of injury that happens when the bone in our neck called the axis breaks. It's called the hangman fracture because it can happen when someone falls orgets hit really hard, like how a hangman might fall when they are hanged.When someone has a hangman fracture, it can be very painful. They might have trouble moving their neck or even breathing. They might need to go to the hospital to get help from a doctor. The doctor might put a special brace on their neck to keep it still while it heals.It's important to be careful and play safely so that we don't get hurt and end up with a hangman fracture. We can wear helmets when riding bikes or playing sports, and always follow the rules when playing outside. And if we do get hurt, we should tell a grown-up right away so they can help us.So remember, take care of your bones and play safe to avoid getting a hangman fracture. Stay healthy and have fun, but always be careful!篇7Hangman fracture is a type of injury that happens in the neck, specifically in the cervial spine. It's called a hangman fracture because it's similar to what happens when someone is hanged - but don't worry, it's not as serious as that!So, how does a hangman fracture happen? Well, it usually occurs when there is a sudden and forceful movement of the head and neck, like in a car accident or a fall. This can cause the vertebrae in the neck to become fractured or dislocated, which can be very painful.The symptoms of a hangman fracture can include neck pain, stiffness, difficulty moving the neck, and sometimes even numbness or tingling in the arms or hands. It's important to see a doctor if you have any of these symptoms after a traumatic injury to your neck.Treatment for a hangman fracture can vary depending on the severity of the injury. It may include wearing a neck brace to immobilize the neck, taking pain medication, or even surgery in more severe cases. Physical therapy may also be recommended to help with recovery and regain strength in the neck muscles.The good news is that most people with a hangman fracture can recover fully with the right treatment and rehabilitation. It's important to follow your doctor's advice and take care of your neck to prevent any further injuries in the future.Remember, it's always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to neck injuries. So if you think you may have a hangmanfracture, don't ignore it - go see a doctor and get the help you need to heal properly.篇8Title: The Cool Hangman FractureHey everyone! Today we are going to talk about a super cool thing called the Hangman Fracture. It might sound a little scary, but don't worry, we are going to learn all about it together.So, what is a Hangman Fracture? Well, it's actually a type of injury that happens in the neck. It gets its funny name because back in the old days, when people were hanged, this type of injury could sometimes happen.The Hangman Fracture happens when the second cervical vertebrae in your neck, called the axis, breaks. This can be really serious because the axis helps support your head and protect your spinal cord. If it breaks, it can cause a lot of pain and even paralysis.But how does a Hangman Fracture happen? Well, usually it's from a really bad accident, like a car crash or a fall. Sometimes it can happen in sports too, like when people land on their heads wrong.If someone thinks they might have a Hangman Fracture, they should go to the doctor right away. The doctor will do tests like X-rays to see what's going on. Treatment might involve wearing a special brace to keep the neck stable, or even surgery in more severe cases.It's really important to be careful and take care of our necks, so we can avoid getting a Hangman Fracture. Always wear your seatbelt in the car, wear helmets when riding bikes or scooters, and be careful when playing sports.I hope you learned something cool about the Hangman Fracture today. Stay safe and take care of yourselves, friends!篇9Once upon a time, there was a bone in our body called the scaphoid bone. It's a small bone in our wrist that helps us move our hand and wrist around. But sometimes, accidents can happen and the scaphoid bone can get hurt.When the scaphoid bone gets hurt, it can lead to a special kind of fracture called a hangman fracture. But don't worry, it's not because the bone did something wrong like hanging our clothes on a hook! The name actually comes from the shape of the bone when it's broken.A hangman fracture happens when the scaphoid bone breaks in a certain way that looks like a hanging man. It's usually caused by a sudden force or impact to the wrist, like falling on an outstretched hand. Ouch! That must really hurt!Symptoms of a hangman fracture may include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the wrist. If someone thinks they have a hangman fracture, they should see a doctor right away. The doctor may suggest getting an X-ray to see the fracture and decide on the best treatment.Treatment for a hangman fracture may include wearing a cast or splint to keep the bone in place while it heals. In some cases, surgery may be needed to repair the bone. It's important to follow the doctor's instructions and take good care of the wrist during the healing process.After a few weeks or months, the hangman fracture should heal and the wrist will be back to normal. But it's always important to be careful and try to avoid accidents that can cause a hangman fracture in the future.So remember, take care of your wrist and try not to fall or get hurt to prevent a hangman fracture. Stay safe and healthy!篇10Hangman fracture is a type of injury that happens in the neck when a person's head is forcefully bent back. It can be very serious and can cause a lot of pain and problems with moving the neck. Hangman fracture got its name because it can happen when people are hanged. But don't worry, hangman fracture is not very common and most people who get hurt do not have this kind of injury.Hangman fracture usually happens in car accidents or falls where the head is bent back suddenly. The injury can cause damage to the bones and ligaments in the neck, which can lead to pain and difficulty moving the neck. Symptoms of hangman fracture can include neck pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the neck.If a person thinks they have a hangman fracture, they should see a doctor right away. The doctor will do tests, like X-rays or CT scans, to see if there is a fracture. Treatment for hangman fracture can include wearing a neck brace to keep the neck stable while it heals, or surgery to fix the bones if they are severely damaged.It is important to be careful and try to prevent injuries like hangman fracture. Always wear a seatbelt in the car and make sure to follow safety guidelines when doing activities that couldcause neck injuries. If you do get hurt, make sure to see a doctor and follow their advice for treatment and recovery.Remember, hangman fracture is a serious injury but with proper treatment and care, most people can recover and go back to their normal activities. Stay safe and take care of your neck!。
