colles-fracture

骨科专业英语Intertrochanteric fracture 粗隆间骨折Intramscular hematoma 肌间血肿Intrumedullary needleJonalgia 膝痛Kyphoscoliosis 侧后凸Kyphosis 脊柱后凸laminectomy 椎板切除术Lateral meuleouls 外踝lipoma 脂肪瘤Local anesthesia 局麻Lodorsis 脊柱前凸Lower limb (extremuty) 下肢Mc Murrag’s test 麦氏实验Medial malleouls 内踝Metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节Metastaluc tumor 转移癌metastatic 转移瘤Metatarsalgia 柘骨痛Metatarsal fracture 跟骨骨折Myelogram 脊髓造影Nifedipine 心痛定Nitroglyccerin 硝酸甘油Numbness 麻木Old fracture 陈旧性骨折Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎Osteochondrdoma 软骨瘤Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Paralytic scoliosis 麻痹性脊柱侧弯Paraplegia 截瘫Patellar fracture 髌骨骨折Pathologie diagnosis 病理诊断pediculate 椎弓根PercutaneousPhlebothrombosis 下肢静脉血栓Pilon fracture 胫腓骨下端骨折Plaster slab 石膏托Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎Posterior malleolus fracture 后踝骨折Posterior malleolar fracture 后踝骨折Protrusion of intervertebral 腰椎间盘突出Protrusion of intervertebral disc 腰椎间盘突出Prolapsed intervertebral disc 椎间盘脱出Pubic symphysis 耻骨支Pulmanary function 肺功能Pulpous nuclear 髓核Radial head fracture 桡骨头骨折Radius and ulna 尺、桡骨Reduction by leverage 撬拨复位Regular operation 常规手术Resection of the massSacroiliac 骶髂关节Scholiosis 脊柱侧弯Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Sequela of poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹（脊髓灰质炎）后遗症Sinus tract 窦道Skin traction 皮牵引Sling(Triangular bandage) 悬吊（三角巾绷带）Spatula 压舌板Spinal stenosis 椎管狭窄Spondylolisthesis 脊柱滑脱Spondylolisthesis of lumber L4-5 L4-5脊柱滑脱Spondytolysis 蛱部裂Staticfixation 静力性固定Stenosis of Spinal Canal 椎管狭窄Stenosis of the lumbar spine 腰椎管狭窄Sublimation/semiluxation 半脱位Subluxation of ankle joint 踝关节半脱位subtrochanteric fracture 粗隆下骨折supracondylar fracture 踝上骨折suture stitch 缝针synovial membrance 滑膜Syringomyelia 脊髓空洞症Taction 触觉Tension band wire 张力带钢丝Tension bond 张力带Tetraplegia / quadriplegia 四肢瘫The fifth metacarple bone 第五掌骨基底骨折Thermesthesia 温度觉Tibia-talus semidislocation 半脱位Tibial fracture 胫骨骨折Tibial plateau fracture 胫骨平台骨折Total knee arthroplasty 全膝置换Total hip arthroplasty 全髋置换Trimalleolar fracture 三踝骨折Urinary incontinence 尿失禁Valgus muscle strength 外翻肌力Veterbera fracture 椎体骨折Ankle: Achilles Tendonitis 跟腱炎Ankle: Ruptured Achilles Tendon 跟腱破裂Ankle: Sprain 踝部扭伤Ankle Fracture 踝部骨折Ankylosing Spondylitis 关节黏连脊椎炎Aseptic Necrosis 无菌的骨疽Back Pain: Approach to Management 怎样处理背痛问题Back Pain: Prevention 预防背痛Baker's Cyst 贝勾氏囊Bones 骨骼的功能Bone Tumors 骨肿瘤Bunions 姆趾黏液囊肿大Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Colles Fracture 桡骨下端骨折Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae 脊椎压迫性骨折Dislocation 脱臼Dupuytren Contracture 掌挛缩病Elbow: Golfer's Elbow 高尔夫球肘Elbow: Tennis Elbow 网球肘Fibromyalgia 纤维组织肌痛Flat Foot 扁平足Foot: Hammer Toe 锤状趾Foot: Plantar Fasciitis 足底筋膜炎Foot: Ulcers 脚溃疡Fracture 骨折Fracture: Bones in the Foot 脚部骨折Fracture: Clavicle 锁骨骨折Fracture Types 骨折的种类Frozen Shoulder 凝肩Ganglion 腱鞘囊肿Hand Fracture 手骨折Hand: Tenosynoritis 手部腱鞘滑膜炎Heel Spurs 脚跟骨刺和发炎Herniated Disk 椎间盆后凸Hip: Arthritis of the Hip 髋关节炎Hip and Knee Replacement 髋关节和膝关节置换手术Hip Fracture 髋部骨折Infectious Arthritis 感染性关节炎Joints 关节Knee: Arthritis 膝关节炎Knee: Joint Pain 膝关节痛Knee: Runner's Knee 跑步者膝盖Knee: Torn Ligaments 膝韧带撕裂Knee: Torn Meniscus Cartilage 半月板软骨撕裂Knee Pain: Injury, Degeneration & Arthritis 劳损、退化与膝盖关节炎Knee Pain and Shoes 膝关节痛与鞋子Knee Replacement: Surgery Can Relieve Pain 膝关节置换术：手术舒缓痛楚Kyphosis 脊柱后弯Leg Cramps 小腿抽筋Lumbar Herniated Disc 腰椎盆脱出Mallet Finger 锤状指Morton Neuroma 莫耳通氏神经瘤Muscles 肌肉Muscular Dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症Neck: Osteoarthritis 颈骨性关节炎Neck: Whiplash Injury 撞车引致的颈部扭伤Neck: Wry Neck 颈部僵硬Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎(退化性关节炎) Osteomalacia 软骨病Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症Paget Disease 柏哲德氏病Ribs & Cartilage Inflammation 肋与软骨炎RICE Therapy RICE治疗法Rotator Cuff Injury 旋转肌边创伤Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Scoliosis 脊柱侧凸Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯Shin Splints 胫纤维发炎Shoulder: Dislocation 肩脱位Shoulder: Rotator Cuff Tear 轴转肌撕裂Shoulder: Tendinitis & Caspulitis 肩部腱炎和囊炎Spinal Stenosis脊柱狭窄Swollen Legs, Ankles, or Feet 腿、踝或脚肿胀Tendinitis, Tenosynovitis and Bursitis 腱炎、腱鞘炎和黏液囊炎Trigger Finger 弹机状指Abduction splint 外展石膏Absorbable screws 可吸收螺钉Acetabulum 髋臼Amputation 截肢Analgesic 止痛药Ankle clonus 踝阵挛Ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Annulus 纤维环Arthroscopy 关节镜检查Asteofascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合症Atrophy of quadriceps femoral 股四头肌萎缩Avascular necrosis ofAvascular necrosis (AVW) 缺血性坏死Bathesthesia 深感觉Bilateral femoral head 双股骨头缺血坏死Bone traction 骨牵引Bowel and bladder dysfunction 二便障碍Brachial plexus anesthesia 臂丛麻醉Bunion 拇囊炎Capitula fibula 腓骨小头Cerclage (骨折端)环扎法Cerclage bandage 环形绷带Cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓Cervical spondylosis 颈椎病Clavicle fracture 锁骨骨折Closed suction drains 闭式引流Colle’s Fr acture 科雷氏骨折Comminuted fracture of left** 左***粉碎性骨折Comminuted open fracture of talus 距骨的开放粉碎骨折Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经Congenital kyphoscoliosis 先天性侧后凸畸形congenital scoliosis 先天性脊柱侧凸Conscious mind 神志清楚Continuous epidural anesthesia （连）硬外麻Contracture of both 臀肌挛缩Core compression 髓芯减压术Crossed kirschner fixation 交叉固定DAS 动力型髋螺丝钉Debridement 清创Deformity 畸形Defuts of segmentation 分布障碍Decompression 减压Decompression of spinal canal 椎管减压Diastematomyelia 脊髓纵裂Discectomy 椎间盘摘除Discectomy of hemivertebrae 半椎体切除Dislocation 脱位DM 糖尿病Dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉Elastic fixation 弹性固定End vertebra 端椎Extension 伸External fixture 外固定Emergency case 急诊病例Faciotomy 筋膜切除术Femoral neck 股骨颈Femoral neck fracture 股骨颈骨折Figure of 8 bandage 8字绷带Flexion 屈曲Forklike deformity 餐叉样畸形Fracture 骨折Fracture of alner bone 尺骨骨折Fracture of calcaneus 跟骨骨折Fracture of distal phalange 远端趾骨骨折Fracture of distal radius 桡骨远端骨折Fracture of femoral neck 股骨颈骨折Fracture of great tubercle 肱骨大结节骨折of humurusFracture of proximal femor 股骨近端骨折Fracture of phalange 指骨骨折Fracture of radius 桡骨骨折Fracture of the base ofFracture of the scaphoid 舟状骨骨折Fracture of the ulna 尺骨骨折Fracture of ulna ocleranon 尺骨鹰嘴骨折General anesthesia 全麻General surgical 基本外科Gleniod fossa 关节盂Gluteal musclesGreater tuberosity 大结节Helo-pelvis 头颅环-骨盆环Hallux valgus 拇外翻Hallux varus 拇内翻High fever 高热Hilgenreiner’s angle 髋臼指数(acetabular index)Hemopneumothorax 血气胸Humeral head 肱骨头Humeral shaft fracture 肱骨干骨折Hypertrophy of facet 小关节增生肥大Hypoesthesia 感觉减退Ice bag 冰袋In right elbow joint 右肘肿物切除Incomplete paraplegia 不全瘫Injection 肌肉注射Interbody 椎间体Interlocking medullary mailing 带锁髓内针Intermittent claudication 间歇跛行Internal fixation 内固定术Intertrochanteric fracture 粗隆间骨折Intramscular hematoma 肌间血肿Intrumedullary needleJonalgia 膝痛Kyphoscoliosis 侧后凸Kyphosis 脊柱后凸laminectomy 椎板切除术Lateral meuleouls 外踝lipoma 脂肪瘤Local anesthesia 局麻Lodorsis 脊柱前凸Lower limb (extremuty) 下肢Mc Murrag’s test 麦氏实验Medial malleouls 内踝metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节metastaluc tumor 转移癌metastatic 转移瘤metatarsalgia 柘骨痛metatarsal fracture 跟骨骨折Myelogram 脊髓造影Nifedipine 心痛定Nitroglyccerin 硝酸甘油Numbness 麻木Old fracture 陈旧性骨折Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎Osteochondrdoma 软骨瘤Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Paralytic scoliosis 麻痹性脊柱侧弯Paraplegia 截瘫Patellar fracture 髌骨骨折Pathologie diagnosis 病理诊断pediculate 椎弓根PercutaneousPhlebothrombosis 下肢静脉血栓Pilon fracture 胫腓骨下端骨折Plaster slab 石膏托Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎Posterior malleolus fracture 后踝骨折Posterior malleolar fracture 后踝骨折Protrusion of intervertebral 腰椎间盘突出Protrusion of intervertebral disc 腰椎间盘突出Prolapsed intervertebral disc 椎间盘脱出Pubic symphysis 耻骨支Pulmanary function 肺功能Pulpous nuclear 髓核Radial head fracture 桡骨头骨折Radius and ulna 尺、桡骨Reduction by leverage 撬拨复位Regular operation 常规手术Resection of the massSacroiliac 骶髂关节Scholiosis 脊柱侧弯Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Sequela of poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹（脊髓灰质炎）后遗症Sinus tract窦道Skin traction 皮牵引Sling(Triangular bandage) 悬吊（三角巾绷带）Spatula 压舌板Spinal stenosis 椎管狭窄Spondylolisthesis 脊柱滑脱Spondylolisthesis of lumber L4-5 L4-5脊柱滑脱Spondytolysis 蛱部裂Staticfixation 静力性固定Stenosis of Spinal Canal 椎管狭窄Stenosis of the lumbar spine 腰椎管狭窄Sublimation/semiluxation 半脱位Subluxation of ankle joint 踝关节半脱位subtrochanteric fracture 粗隆下骨折supracondylar fracture 踝上骨折suture stitch 缝针synovial membrance 滑膜Syringomyelia 脊髓空洞症Taction 触觉Tension band wire 张力带钢丝Tension bond 张力带Tetraplegia / quadriplegia 四肢瘫The fifth metacarple bone 第五掌骨基底骨折Thermesthesia 温度觉Tibia-talus semidislocation 半脱位Tibial fracture 胫骨骨折Tibial plateau fracture 胫骨平台骨折Total knee arthroplasty 全膝置换Total hip arthroplasty 全髋置换Trimalleolar fracture 三踝骨折Urinary incontinence 尿失禁Valgus muscle strength 外翻肌力Veterbera fracture 椎体骨折Abduction splint 外展石膏Absorbable screws 可吸收螺钉Acetabulum 髋臼Amputation 截肢Analgesic 止痛药Ankle clonus 踝阵挛Ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Annulus 纤维环Arthroscopy 关节镜检查Asteofascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合症Atrophy of quadriceps femoral 股四头肌萎缩Avascular necrosis ofAvascular necrosis (A VW) 缺血性坏死Bathesthesia 深感觉Bilateral femoral head 双股骨头缺血坏死Bone traction 骨牵引Bowel and bladder dysfunction 二便障碍Brachial plexus anesthesia 臂丛麻醉Bunion 拇囊炎Capitula fibula 腓骨小头Cerclage (骨折端)环扎法Cerclage bandage 环形绷带Cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓Cervical spondylosis 颈椎病Clavicle fracture 锁骨骨折Closed suction drains 闭式引流Colle’s Fracture 科雷氏骨折Comminuted fracture of left** 左***粉碎性骨折Comminuted open fracture of talus 距骨的开放粉碎骨折Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经Congenital kyphoscoliosis 先天性侧后凸畸形congenital scoliosis 先天性脊柱侧凸Conscious mind 神志清楚Continuous epidural anesthesia （连）硬外麻Contracture of both 臀肌挛缩Core compression 髓芯减压术Crossed kirschner fixation 交叉固定DAS 动力型髋螺丝钉Debridement 清创Deformity 畸形Defuts of segmentation 分布障碍Decompression 减压Decompression of spinal canal 椎管减压Diastematomyelia 脊髓纵裂Discectomy 椎间盘摘除Discectomy of hemivertebrae 半椎体切除Dislocation 脱位DM 糖尿病Dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉Elastic fixation 弹性固定End vertebra 端椎Extension 伸External fixture 外固定Emergency case 急诊病例Faciotomy 筋膜切除术Femoral neck 股骨颈Femoral neck fracture 股骨颈骨折Figure of 8 bandage 8字绷带Flexion 屈曲Forklike deformity 餐叉样畸形Fracture 骨折Fracture of alner bone 尺骨骨折Fracture of calcaneus 跟骨骨折Fracture of distal phalange 远端趾骨骨折Fracture of distal radius 桡骨远端骨折Fracture of femoral neck 股骨颈骨折Fracture of great tubercle 肱骨大结节骨折of humurusFracture of proximal femor 股骨近端骨折Fracture of phalange 指骨骨折Fracture of radius 桡骨骨折Fracture of the base ofFracture of the scaphoid 舟状骨骨折Fracture of the ulna 尺骨骨折Fracture of ulna ocleranon 尺骨鹰嘴骨折General anesthesia 全麻General surgical 基本外科Gleniod fossa 关节盂Gluteal musclesGreater tuberosity 大结节Helo-pelvis 头颅环-骨盆环Hallux valgus 拇外翻Hallux varus 拇内翻High fever 高热Hilgenreiner’s angle 髋臼指数(acetabular index)Hemopneumothorax 血气胸Humeral head 肱骨头Humeral shaft fracture 肱骨干骨折Hypertrophy of facet 小关节增生肥大Hypoesthesia 感觉减退Ice bag 冰袋In right elbow joint 右肘肿物切除Incomplete paraplegia 不全瘫Injection 肌肉注射Interbody 椎间体Interlocking medullary mailing 带锁髓内针Intermittent claudication 间歇跛行Internal fixation 内固定术。

2020年雅思词汇：与骨科相关的雅思词汇Ankle： Achilles Tendonitis 跟腱炎Ankle： Ruptured Achilles Tendon 跟腱破裂Ankle： Sprain 踝部扭伤Ankle Fracture 踝部骨折Ankylosing Spondylitis 关节黏连脊椎炎Aseptic Necrosis 无菌的骨疽Back Pain： Approach to Management 怎样处理背痛问题Back Pain： Prevention 预防背痛Baker's Cyst 贝勾氏囊Bones 骨骼的功能Bone Tumors 骨肿瘤Bunions 姆趾黏液囊肿大Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Colles Fracture 桡骨下端骨折Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae 脊椎压迫性骨折Dislocation 脱臼Dupuytren Contracture 掌挛缩病Elbow： Golfer's Elbow 高尔夫球肘Elbow： Tennis Elbow 网球肘Fibromyalgia 纤维组织肌痛Flat Foot 扁平足Foot： Hammer Toe 锤状趾Foot： Plantar Fasciitis 足底筋膜炎Foot： Ulcers 脚溃疡Fracture 骨折Fracture： Bones in the Foot 脚部骨折Fracture： Clavicle 锁骨骨折Fracture Types 骨折的种类Frozen Shoulder 凝肩Ganglion 腱鞘囊肿Hand Fracture 手骨折Hand： Tenosynoritis 手部腱鞘滑膜炎Heel Spurs 脚跟骨刺和发炎Herniated Disk 椎间盆后凸Hip： Arthritis of the Hip 髋关节炎Hip and Knee Replacement 髋关节和膝关节置换手术Hip Fracture 髋部骨折Infectious Arthritis 感染性关节炎Joints 关节Knee： Arthritis 膝关节炎Knee： Joint Pain 膝关节痛Knee： Runner's Knee 跑步者膝盖Knee： Torn Ligaments 膝韧带撕裂Knee： Torn Meniscus Cartilage 半月板软骨撕裂Knee Pain： Injury, Degeneration & Arthritis 劳损、退化与膝盖关节炎Knee Pain and Shoes 膝关节痛与鞋子Knee Replacement： Surgery Can Relieve Pain 膝关节置换术：手术舒缓痛楚Kyphosis 脊柱后弯Leg Cramps 小腿抽筋Lumbar Herniated Disc 腰椎盆脱出Mallet Finger 锤状指Morton Neuroma 莫耳通氏神经瘤Muscles 肌肉Muscular Dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症Neck： Osteoarthritis 颈骨性关节炎Neck： Whiplash Injury 撞车引致的颈部扭伤Neck： Wry Neck 颈部僵硬Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎 (退化性关节炎)Osteomalacia 软骨病Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症Paget Disease 柏哲德氏病Ribs & Cartilage Inflammation 肋与软骨炎RICE Therapy RICE治疗法Rotator Cuff Injury 旋转肌边创伤Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Scoliosis 脊柱侧凸Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯Shin Splints 胫纤维发炎Shoulder： Dislocation 肩脱位Shoulder： Rotator Cuff Tear 轴转肌撕裂Shoulder： Tendinitis & Caspulitis 肩部腱炎和囊炎Spinal Stenosis脊柱狭窄Swollen Legs, Ankles, or Feet 腿、踝或脚肿胀Tendinitis, Tenosynovitis and Bursitis 腱炎、腱鞘炎和黏液囊炎Trigger Finger 弹机状指。

Tillaux fracture: Tillaux骨折指胫腓下联合前后韧带撕脱，胫骨附着点骨折，通常指前韧带撕脱骨折，即胫骨前结节撕脱。

Dupuytren骨折即踝部旋转骨折伴下胫腓韧带断裂，包括下胫腓分离和腓骨下端骨折。

jones fracture第五跖骨基地部以远1英寸内的骨折
pilon fracture累及胫距关节面的胫骨远端骨折
rolando fracture第一掌骨基底部腕掌关节内粉碎骨折伴脱位
Bennett fracture第一掌骨基底部腕掌关节内骨折
Chance fracture锥骨的横行骨折（通过锥体、椎弓、椎板）
Batton fracture桡骨远端背侧缘的关节内骨折
Smith fracture桡骨远端干骺端骨折向掌侧移位
Colles fracture桡骨远端干骺端骨折向桡背侧移位
Jefferson骨折是第一颈椎的特殊骨折，纵向负荷作用于C1后弓，引起后弓多发骨折，常有骨折移位。

Monteggia fracture桡骨头脱位合并尺骨骨折
Galeazzi 骨折为桡骨中下1/3骨折伴下尺桡关节分离（半脱位或全脱位），以后将桡骨干骨折或尺桡骨双骨折伴下尺桡关节分离均归为此类。

Colles骨折并发急性腕管综合征临床诊治作者：冯文一来源：《中国当代医药》2010年第07期[摘要] 目的:探讨急性腕管综合征的发病机制、治疗及预防。

方法:对17例患者的临床诊断和治疗进行观察,并综合其他文献资料报导加以分析。

结果:17例患者经治疗后,疼痛症状均缓解,基本治愈。

结论:急性腕管综合征如早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗,预后较好,一部分人会出现慢性腕管综合征的症状,一般会随骨折愈合而消失。

[关键词] 柯氏骨折;急性腕管综合征;诊治[中图分类号] R683.41[文献标识码]C [文章编号]1674-4721(2010)03(a)-168-02Clinical diagnosis and treatment of Colles fracture combined with acute carpal tunnel syndrome FENG Wenyi(Department of Orthopedic, the People's Hospital of Xichong County, Sichuan Province, Xichong 100029, China)[Abstract] Objective: Acute carpal tunnel syndrome, the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention. Methods: To observe 17 patients with clinical diagnosis and treatment and comprehensive information on other literature reports.Results:17 patients after treatment, the pain symptoms were alleviated and fundamental cure. Conclusion: Acute carpal tunnel syndrome, early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, the prognosis is better, some people will develop chronic symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome will normally disappear with the fracture healing.[Key words] Colles fracture;Acute carpal tunnel syndrome;Treatment柯氏(Colles)骨折主要发生于老年人和儿童,其中以老年人多见,尤以女性老年人多见,约占前臂骨折的57%[1]。

Weak up test；；Finkelstein征又称为握拳尺偏试验：患者拇指屈曲握拳,将拇指握于掌心内.然后使腕关节被动尺偏,引起桡骨茎突处明显疼痛为阳性征,主要见于桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎。

Mills征）又称为伸肌腱牵拉试验：嘱患者肘伸直，握拳、屈腕，前臂旋前，发生肘外侧疼痛为阳性，或患者前臂旋前位，作对抗外力的旋后运动，发生肘外侧疼痛为阳性。

；Brodie脓肿又称布罗迪骨脓肿、骨骺端脓肿：由低毒力细菌感染所致的骨脓肿，好发于长骨干骺端，骨质呈粗糙圆形侵蚀，侵蚀部分充满脓液或结缔组织。

属于局限性骨脓肿。

Codman’s triangle Lasegue’s test；直腿抬高试验，为神经根受刺激的表现。

检查时嘱病人仰卧，两下肢伸直，医师一手置于膝关节上，使下肢保持伸直，另一手将下肢抬起。

正常人可抬高80~90度，如抬高不到70度，即出现由上而下的放射性疼痛，为直腿抬高试验阳性。

见于单纯性坐骨神经痛、腰椎间盘突出或腰骶神经根炎等。

此时将伸直的患肢下落5°，再将足背屈，如出现放散痛，则称为加强试验（Braqard征）阳性。

Charcot’s joint；神经性关节病关节逐渐肿大、不稳、积液，关节可穿出血样液体。

肿胀关节多无疼痛或仅轻微胀痛，关节功能受限不明显。

关节疼痛和功能受限与关节肿胀破坏不一致为本病之特点。

晚期，关节破坏进一步发展，可导致病理性骨折或病理性关节脱位。

Wallerian degeneration；瓦氏变性，又称Wallerian变性(Wallerian degenration)。

是指轴突和髓鞘的分解吸收，以及施万细胞增生等现象。

这一退变过程在神经断裂后即开始，一般在神经伤后8周左右完成。

Otolani’s sign；外展试验（Otolani征）将小孩平卧，屈膝、屈髋90°，医师面向小孩臀部将两手抓住两膝同时外展，正常情况两膝可以放平而触及桌面。

但髋脱位中一侧不能到达90°，往往是65°～70°之间，内收肌明显隆起，称做外展试验阳性。

fracture[ˈfræktʃə]vt.,vi.(使)破裂; (使)断裂词性变化fracture[ˈfræktʃə]n.破裂, 断裂裂痕, 裂缝, 断裂图, 断裂面【医】骨折【矿】断口;【地质】断层crystalline fracture结晶形断口fracture mechanics断裂力学a fracture of the skull 颅骨断裂fracture of roll轧辊表面的裂缝(掉角) fracture section断裂剖面fracture speed裂纹扩展的速度继承用法fracture-dislocationn.骨折脱臼fracture-transitionn.断裂类型转变温度, 断裂过渡温度(脆性破坏开始温度)fracturedadj.断裂的词性变化fracturableadj.fracturaladj.特殊用法axle fracture轴折断, 轴断裂bonded fracture胶结裂缝bright crystalline fracture 亮晶断口brilliant fracture亮断面brittle fracture脆性破裂, 脆性断裂chain fracture断链cleavage fracture解理断裂; 可裂性破坏, 碎裂coarse-grained fracture粗晶断口Colles's fracture科雷司式骨折, 桡骨远端骨折columnar fracture柱状断口comminuted fracture粉碎骨折compound fracture有创骨折concentric fractures【地质】同心破裂conchoidal fracture贝壳状断裂, 贝壳状破裂concussion fracture【地质】冲击破裂conjugated fractures彼此连接的裂缝creep fracture蠕变破坏cup fracture【冶】杯形断口cup-and-cone fracture杯形凹凸断口(塑性金属拉力试验时的断口情况), 锥碗断口delayed fracture滞后断裂ductile fracture形变断裂, 塑性破坏, 塑性断口elastic-plastic fracture弹塑性断裂even fracture细粒状断面, 平断口疲劳断裂, 疲劳断口fibrous fracture 【力】纤维状断裂field fracture粗粒断口fiery fracture粗粒断口fine-grained fracture 细纹裂面, 细晶断口fish-scale fracture 鳞形裂缝frost fracture霜冻裂缝gash fracture【地质】裂缝破裂glassy fracture玻璃状断口gliding fracture韧性断裂grain fracture穿晶断口粒状断口, 粒状破裂, 粗粒断口greenstick fracture【医】绿枝性骨折growth-controlled fracture 控增长断裂half-cupped fracture半杯形断裂hydraulic fracture水力压裂impact fracture冲击破坏intercrystalline fracture 晶间断裂, 沿晶界断裂intergranular fracture 【冶】晶间断裂intracrystalline fracture 晶[粒]内断裂lamellar fracture层片断口laminar fracture成层断裂层状断裂mat fracture无光泽断口melt fracture熔体破坏mixed fracture【力】混合断口needle fracture针状断口non-ductile fracture 无塑性破坏non-plastic fracture 脆性破裂normal fracture正裂pathologicalfracture 病理性骨折pipe fracture管的损坏plane strain fracture 平面应变断裂plastic fracture塑性断口; 塑性断裂porcelain fracture瓷断面Pott's fracture【医】波特骨折progressive fracture扩展裂缝quasi-cleavage fracture准解理断口ragged fracture锯齿状断口release fracture【地质】解压裂隙rosette fracture星状断口, 菊花状断口salt and pepper fracture局部珠光体化断口shear fracture剪破裂; 剪切裂隙, 剪切断口, 斜面断口; 剪切断裂shrinkage fracture收缩裂缝silky fracture丝状断口, 丝状断裂面silvery fracture银白色断面smooth fracture细[晶]粒断裂spiral fracture螺旋状断裂(玻璃管缺陷) splintery fracture粗糙断面sprain fracture【医】扭伤性骨折star fracture(平板玻璃)星形裂纹, 蜘蛛状裂纹subsidiary fracture【地质】次级破裂tension fracture拉裂, 拉断; 伸长破裂tough fracture韧性断口transcrystalline fracture穿晶断口transverse fracture 横向破裂(平板玻璃缺陷) uneven fracture粗糙断面; 不平断面vertical fracture垂直裂缝viscous fracture粘性破坏vitreous fracture玻璃状断面vowel fracture元音裂变woody fracture木纹状断口。

骨科英语词汇Achilles Tendonitis 跟腱炎Ruptured Achilles Tendon 跟腱破裂Ankle Sprain 踝部扭伤Ankle Fracture 踝部骨折Ankylosing Spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Aseptic Necrosis 无菌性坏死Baker's Cyst 贝克囊肿Bone Tumors 骨肿瘤Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Colles Fracture 桡骨下端骨折Compression Fracture of the Vertebrae 脊椎压缩性骨折Dislocation 脱位Tennis Elbow 网球肘Fibromyalgia 纤维组织肌痛Flat Foot 扁平足Hammer Toe 锤状趾Plantar Fasciitis 足底筋膜炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Frozen Shoulder 冷冻肩Ganglion 腱鞘囊肿Hand Fracture 手骨折Heel Spurs 脚跟骨刺Herniated Disk 椎间盘突出Arthritis of the Hip 髋关节炎T otal hip replacement全髋关节置换术Total knee replacement全膝关节置换术Femoral neck fracture股骨颈骨折骨折I ntertrochanteric fracture粗隆间骨折Infectious Arthritis 感染性关节炎Knee Arthritis 膝关节炎Meniscus tear 半月板撕裂Mallet Finger 锤状指Morton Neuroma 莫耳通氏神经瘤Muscular Dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症Wry Neck 颈部僵硬Osteoarthritis 骨关节炎（退化性关节炎）Osteomalacia 软骨病Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症Paget Disease Paget氏病Ribs and Cartilage Inflammation 肋与软骨炎Sciatica 坐骨神经痛Kyphosis 脊柱侧弯Scoliosis 脊柱侧弯Shoulder Dislocation 肩脱位Rotator Cuff Tear 肩袖损伤Swollen 肿胀Bursitis 滑囊炎Tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎Trigger Finger 扳机指Acetabulum 髋臼Amputation 截肢Analgesic 止痛药Arthroscopy 关节镜检查Osteofascial compartment syndrome骨筋膜室综合症Avascular necrosis of femoral head 股骨头缺血性坏死Bone traction 骨牵引Bowel and bladder dysfunction 二便障碍Brachial plexus anesthesia 臂丛麻醉Bunion 拇囊炎Cervical spondylosis 颈椎病Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经Congenital kyphoscoliosis 先天性侧后凸畸形Congenital scoliosis 先天性脊柱侧凸Contracture of both 臀肌挛缩Core decompression 髓芯减压术Debridement 清创Decompression of spinal canal 椎管减压Discectomy 椎间盘摘除Discectomy of hemivertebrae 半椎体切除Dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉Extension 伸直External fixture 外固定Faciotomy 筋膜切除术Femoral neck 股骨颈Flexion 屈曲Forklike deformity 餐叉样畸形Fracture of uln a r bone 尺骨骨折Fracture of calcaneus 跟骨骨折Fracture of distal phalange 远端趾骨骨折Fracture of distal radius 桡骨远端骨折Fracture of greater tuberosity of humerus 肱骨大结节骨折Fracture of proximal femur 股骨近端骨折Fracture of phalange 指骨骨折Fracture of radius 桡骨骨折Scapular glenoid fracture肩胛骨骨折Glenoid fossa 关节盂Hallux valgus 拇外翻Hallux varus 拇内翻Humeral head 肱骨头Humeral shaft fracture 肱骨干骨折Immobilization 制动Ice bag 冰袋Intermittent claudication 间歇跛行Intramscular hematoma 肌间血肿Intrumedullary needle 髓内针Kirschner wire 克氏针lipoma 脂肪瘤Mc Murray’s test 麦氏实验Meniscectomy 半月板切除Metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节Osteochondroma 软骨瘤Osteomyelitis 骨髓炎Paraplegia 截瘫Patellar fracture 髌骨骨折Plaster slab 石膏托Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎Posterior malleolus fracture 后踝骨折Protrusion of intervertebral disc 腰椎间盘突出Reduction 复位Retinaculum 支持带Revision 翻修Sacroiliac 骶髂关节Sinus tract 窦道Skin traction 皮牵引Spondylolisthesis 脊柱滑脱Stenosis of Spinal Canal 椎管狭窄lumbar spinal stenosis 腰椎管狭窄Subluxation 半脱位subtrochanteric fracture 粗隆下骨折supracondylar fracture 髁上骨折synovial chondromatosis 滑膜软骨瘤病Syringomyelia 脊髓空洞症Tension band 张力带Tibial fracture 胫骨骨折Tibial plateau fracture 胫骨平台骨折Total knee arthroplasty 全膝置换Total hip arthroplasty 全髋置换Trimalleolar fracture 三踝骨折。

COLLES骨折口诀1. 引言COLLES骨折是指尺骨远端的桡侧腕部骨折，是常见的手部骨折之一。

它通常发生在老年人中，特别是女性。

COLLES骨折的正确处理和治疗对于患者的康复至关重要。

为了帮助医务人员更好地理解和处理COLLES骨折，我们编写了以下COLLES骨折口诀。

2. COLLES骨折口诀COLLES骨折口诀采用了首字母缩写法，以帮助记忆和理解。

C - Classification（分类）O - Observation（观察）L - Location（位置）L - Ligament（韧带）E - Extension（伸展）S - Stabilization（稳定性）3. 口诀详解C - Classification（分类）根据COLLES骨折的类型进行分类，主要分为以下几种：1.Extra-articular fracture（关节外骨折）：指尺骨远端仅有一处断裂。

2.Intra-articular fracture（关节内骨折）：指尺骨远端有两处以上断裂。

O - Observation（观察）通过观察患者的症状和体征来确定COLLES骨折的严重程度和伴随损伤，包括：1.疼痛：患者是否有明显的疼痛。

2.肿胀：受伤部位是否出现肿胀。

3.活动受限：患者是否能够正常活动手腕。

L - Location（位置）根据COLLES骨折的位置进行描述，包括：1.骨折线的方向：水平、倾斜或垂直。

2.骨折线相对于尺骨远端的位置：近端、中段或远端。

L - Ligament（韧带）评估COLLES骨折时应注意相关韧带的损伤情况，主要包括：1.尺侧腕橈关节韧带（scapholunate ligament）：检查是否有关节不稳定。

2.三角纵隔韧带（triangular fibrocartilage complex）：检查是否有关节不稳定和滑膜损伤。

E - Extension（伸展）评估COLLES骨折时需要确定是否存在伸展位移，即尺侧腕关节面的骨折片是否向腕背方向移位。