【人教版】2016届高三英语大一轮复习《book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists》文档 (含解析)

毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校Unit 1 GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读“IF ALIENS are so likely, why have we never seen any?”That is the Fermi Paradox(悖论)—named after Enrico Fermi, a physicist who posed it in 1950.Fermi’s argument ran as follows.The laws of nature supported the appearance of intelligent life on Earth.Those laws are the same throughout the universe.The universe contains zillions of stars and planets.So, even if life is unlikely to arise on any particular astronomical body, the sheer abundance of creation suggests the night sky should be full of alien civilizations.Fermi wondered why aliens had never visited the earth.Today, the paradox is more usually cast in light of the inability of radio-telescope searches to detect the equivalent(相等的)of the radio waves that leak from Earth into the universe, and have done for the past century.Thinking up answers to this apparent contradiction has become something of a scientific parlour(客厅)game.Perhaps life is really very unlikely.Perhaps the priests are right: human beings were put on Earth by some creator God for his own unknown purposes, and the rest of the universe is merely background scenery.Perhaps there are plenty of aliens, but they have decided that discretion is a safer bet than gathering together.Or perhaps galactic(银河的)society avoids communicating with Earth specifically.One frightening idea is that technological civilizations destroy themselves before they can make their presence known.They might blow themselves up after inventing nuclear weapons (an invention that, on Earth, Fermi had been part of),or cook themselves to death by over-burning fossil fuels.In a paper published last month on arXiv, an online repository(文献库),a group of three astronomers at Pennsylvania State University have analyzed the history of alien hunting and come to a different conclusion.In effect,they reject one of the paradox’s mainpillars.Astronomers have seen no sign of aliens, argue Jason Wright and his colleagues, because they have not been looking hard enough.1.What is the Fermi Paradox?A.The law of universe supported the appearance of aliens but we never see any.B.A theory about whether aliens exist on the earth and why we can’t see them.C.Fermi thought that aliens never existed because it was completely a paradox.D.Fermi concluded that aliens did exist but they could not be seen by humans.2.What can we conclude from the second paragraph?A.The universe doesn’t provide the abundance of creation of life.B.Fermi thought aliens never visited the earth in the history of human.C.The inability of radio-telescope may result in the failure of finding aliens.D.The civilizations on the earth have been detected by aliens in the universe.3.What does the word underlined in the third paragraph mean?A.Getting together.B.Fighting each other.C.Hating each other.D.Living separately.4.How do Jason Wright and his colleagues find the Fermi Paradox?A.They firmly believe that it is out of date.B.They actually doubt the base of the paradox.C.They want to prove that it is completely right.D.They conclude that aliens actually never exist.语篇解读:这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。

Unit 1 Great scientists一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．characteristic n．特征；特性2．radium n. 镭3．analyse v t.分析4．physician n. 医生；内科医师5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争) 6．victim n. 受害者7．enquiry n. 询问[第二屏听写] 8．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近9．pump n. 泵；抽水机v t.(用泵)抽(水)10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)11．chart n. 图表12．backward ad v.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)[第三屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．painter n．画家；油漆匠2．scientific adj.科学的3．conclude v t.& v i.结束；推断出4．conclusion n. 结论；结束5．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败6．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家[第四屏听写]7．attend v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加8．expose v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光9．cure n. 治愈；痊愈v t.治愈；治疗10．challenge n. 挑战v t.向……挑战11．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心[第五屏听写] 12．suspect v t.认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯13．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的14．foresee v t.预见；预知15．blame v t.责备；谴责n. 过失；责备16．pollute v t.污染；弄脏[第六屏听写] 17．handle n．柄；把手v t.处理；操纵18．link v t.& n. 连接；联系19．announce v t.宣布；通告20．instruct v t.命令；指示；教导21．construct v t.建设；修建22．construction n. 建设；建筑物23．contribute v t.& v i.捐献；贡献；捐助[第七屏听写] 24．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的25．movement n. 移动；运动；动作26．spin v i.& v t.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)27．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的28．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的29．reject v t.拒绝；不接受；抛弃30．universe n. 宇宙；世界31．put_forward提出32．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论33．expose_...to 使显露；暴露34．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来35．apart_from 除……之外；此外36．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的37．make_sense 讲得通；有意义二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词阅读单词1.characteristic n．特征；特性2．radium n. 镭3．analyse v t.分析4．physician n. 医生；内科医师5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作6.victim n．受害者7．enquiry n. 询问8．neighbourhood n.附近；邻近9．pump n. 泵；抽水机v t.(用泵)抽(水)10.fireworkn．烟火(燃放)11．chart n. 图表12．backwardad v.&adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)表达单词1.painter n．画家；油漆匠2．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败3．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家4．attend v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加5．expose v t.暴露；揭露；使[语境活用]1．Children, when exposed (暴露) to anEnglish-speaking atmosphere, will pick up thelanguage much more easily.2．His grandmother used to make a living byspinning (纺) thread.3．Blamed (责备) for the breakdown of the schoolcomputer network, Alice was in low spirits.4．The army was well-trained and well-armed, andhad little difficulty defeating (打败) the enemy.5．He is good at handling (操纵) the hugecalculating machine.曝光6．cure n. 治愈；痊愈；治疗方法v t.治愈；治疗7．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心8．suspect v t.怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯9．foresee v t.预见；预知10．blame v t.责备；谴责n. 过失；责备11．pollute v t.污染；弄脏12．handle n. 柄；把手v t.处理；操纵13．link v t.&n. 连接；联系14．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的15．movement n. 移动；运动；动作16．spin v i.&v t.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱) 17．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的18．universe n. 宇宙；世界6．He finished the work in a positive (积极的) way. 7．He was so ill that two nurses were attending (照顾) on him.8．Researchers find cures (治疗方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life.9．Suspecting (怀疑) the traveler of carrying drugs, the customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.10．If you foresee (预知；预见) something, you expect and believe that it will happen.11．This river is so polluted (污染) that it's unsafe for swimming and fishing.12．It is obvious that there is a direct link (联系) between the disease and diet.拓展单词1.scientific adj.科学的→sciencen．科学→scientist n．科学家2．conclude v t.&v i.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束3．challenge n．挑战v t.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的4．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的→severely ad v.严重地；严厉地5．announce v t.宣布；通告[语境活用]1．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth. Ialso came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)2．The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 tothe earthquake fund last week and all hiscontributions were gratefully received.(contribute)3．Mary announced to her teammates that she wasto marry a Chinese boy, whose announcement oftheir marriage would appear in the local newspapernext week.(announce)4．The great bridge under construction is designedby Chinese engineers and it will take about a year→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员6．instruct v t.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明7．construct v t.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物8．contribute v t.&v i.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献9．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously ad v.小心地；谨慎地10．reject v t.拒绝；抛弃；不接受→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃to construct the large bridge.(construct)5．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging.(challenge)6．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives.(science) 7．In the class, our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.put_forward提出2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3．expose_..._to 使显露；暴露4．link_..._to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来5．apart_from 除……之外；此外6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义7．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的8．be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备9．look_into 调查10．lead_to 导致；通向11．be_determined_to_do_sth. 决定做某事12．slow_down 慢下来；减速13．come_to_an_end 结束14．be_responsible_for 对……负责1.Everyone is supposed to put_forward some suggestions on how to improve our environment at the meeting.2．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.3．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.4．We can't draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.5．Eating too much fat can lead_to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.6．I think that it is I rather than my sister that am_to_blame for what has happened.7．Don't waste time thinking about a sentence which doesn't make_sense.8．Apart_from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other after-classEnglish activities.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Neither its cause nor its curewas understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校【红对勾】高考英语一轮总复习第一部分 Unit1 Great scientists随堂演练新人教版必修5Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The doctor is well­known for having ________(治疗)some people of the deadly disease.2．Richardson ________(推断出)from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.3．The army was well­trained and well­armed, and had little difficulty ________(击败)the enemy.4．The ________(建设)work of the theatre is supposed to be completed within the year.5．Employees are expected and required to ________(参加) team meetings.6．The president became too __________(热心的) over a big navy.7．The scientists are doing ________(科学的) research on the rats.8．His injuries were ________(严重的)and he was rushed to hospital.9．It's difficult to ________(操纵) the machine.10．He is intensely ________(谨慎的) not to make mistakes in spelling.答案1．cured 2.concluded 3.defeating 4.construction5．attend 6.enthusiastic 7.scientific 8.severe9．handle 10.cautiousⅡ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Astronomy is the ________ (science) study of the sun, moon, stars and other heaven bodies.2．Your information is inaccurate and your ________ (conclude) is therefore wrong.3．We agreed with his acute ________ (analyse) of the political situation.4．Nothing is more ________ (value) than time, but nothing is less valued.5．Our cook's sudden ________ (announce) that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.6．He became a ________ (construct) worker after he left school.7．The Chinese people have made a great ________ (contribute) to the whole world.8．I put forward a plan but he did not appear ________ (enthusiasm) about it.9．The leadership of the ________ (move) are in agreement on this issue.10．That painful experience makes them ________ (caution) in the future.答案1．scientific 2.conclusion 3.analysis 4.valuable5．announcement 6.construction 7.contribution8．enthusiastic 9.movement 10.cautiousⅢ.单句语法填空1．He was suspected ________ stealing the money.2．I don't know who is ________ (blame) for the messy room.3．He suggested I ________ (set) aside some time for exercise.4．The Greens had their milk ________ (deliver) to the door every day.5．Who is responsible ________ this accident?6．He was taken ________ by the false advertisement.7．The party came to ________ end at midnight, which was ________ great success.8．He was strict ________ his son and he was also strict ________ his own work.9．With her eyes ________ (fix) on the TV screen, she didn't notice me standing by.10．He made great progress, ________ his parents felt proud.答案与解析1．of be suspected of怀疑……。

必修5Unit 1 Great scientists要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1．characteristic n．特征；特性2．conclude vt. & vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposion n．暴露6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗7．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenger n．挑战者8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心9．suspect vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious adj.有疑心的10．foresee vt.预见；预告→foretell v．预言→forecast v．预报11．blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备12．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染13．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵14．link vt. & n．连接；联系15．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告16．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．教授；传授→instructions n．指示，说明17．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物18．contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献19．spin vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)20．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃●重点短语1．put forward 提出2．draw a conclusion 得出结论3．expose...to 使显露；暴露4．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来5．apart from 除……之外；此外6．make sense 讲得通；有意义7．look into 调查；研究8．at times 有时9．be against 反对10．(be) strict with 对……严格的11．be to blame 应受责备12．with certainty 肯定地●重点句型1．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.因次每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。