下载文档原格式
高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的构成与应用技巧虚拟语气是英语语法中一个重要的概念，它用于表达与事实相反、与现实相反或者与可能性相反的假设情况。
归纳虚拟语气的构成和应用技巧对高中英语学习者来说是非常重要的。
下面是我对这一知识点的归纳总结。
一、虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气的构成包括以下几种形式：1. 虚拟条件句（If条件句）虚拟条件句用于表达不可能实现的假设情况。
通常使用“if”引导。
例句：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）2. 虚拟虚拟语气的构成虚拟虚拟语气用于表达与现在或过去事实相反的假设情况。
通常使用“were”替代“am/is/are/was/were”。
例句：I wish I were taller.（我希望我个子高一些。
）3. 虚拟语气的构成虚拟语气用于表达与现在或过去事实相反的假设情况。
通常使用动词的过去式（一般过去时、过去完成时）或情态动词（should/would/could/might）来构成。
例句：She insisted that I study harder.（她坚持要我更加努力学习。
）二、虚拟语气的应用技巧在应用虚拟语气时，需要注意以下几个技巧：1. 虚拟条件句中，当假设的情况与现实相反时，使用虚拟语气；当假设的情况与现实可能相同或相似时，使用现实条件句。
例句：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我当时更加努力学习，我就能通过这次考试。
）（现实条件句）2. 当表达建议、要求、命令、命令等含义时，使用虚拟语气。
例句：I suggest that the meeting be postponed.（我建议会议延期。
）3. 在表达对过去发生事情的后悔或愿望时，使用虚拟语气。
例句：I wish I hadn't said that.（我希望我当时没有说那句话。
高三英语虚拟语气知识点虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊语气，用来表示与事实相反、与现实不一致、或者表达愿望、建议、命令、要求等情态。
掌握虚拟语气的用法对于高三英语考试非常重要。
本文将介绍虚拟语气的常见用法及例句。
一、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气虚拟语气常用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。
以下是一些常见的虚拟语气用法：1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：如果主句是现在时，从句用过去时。
例句：- If I were you, I would study harder.（与现实相反）- I wish I had more time to travel.（与现实相反）2. 表达建议、要求或命令等的虚拟语气：主句用“should”或“ought to”引导，从句用动词原形。
例句：- It is necessary that she should arrive on time.（建议）- He demanded that they leave immediately.（命令）二、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气虚拟语气还可以用来表示与过去事实相反的情况。
以下是一些常见的虚拟语气用法：1. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：如果主句是过去时，从句用过去完成时。
例句：- If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（与过去事实相反）- I wish I hadn't eaten so much.（与过去事实相反）2. 表达愿望、建议或命令等的虚拟语气：主句用“should”或“ought to”引导，从句用动词原形或过去时。
例句：- It is high time that he applied for a job.（建议）- I wish he would stop talking.（愿望）三、与将来事实相反的虚拟语气虚拟语气还可以用来表示与将来事实相反的情况。
以下是一些常见的虚拟语气用法：1. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：如果主句是将来时，从句用过去完成时。
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点知识点总复习附解析一、选择题1．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving.－ I wish they ______ always late.A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t been2．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on.A．shall B．shouldC．can D．may3．With the help of the detective Sam, Justin was found, so Justin's mother insisted an amount of money as a reward.A．to give B．on his giving C．he was given D．he be given4．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, wouldC．will be, could D．was, could5．louder, all the students would hear.A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speakC．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke6．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party.—Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly.A．Should B．WouldC．Had D．Did7．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now.A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 8．I strongly suggest that the information ____ in my report ____ to Mr Brown without delay. A．to be referred to; to be e-mailed B．referring to; e-mailC．referred to; be e-mailed D．being referred to; being e-mailed9．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem.A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 10．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead.A．were it not for B．if there being noC．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for11．It’s requested that a lecture ______ on this subject.A．is given B．should be given C．will be given D．has been given 12．You can download it and rewrite your report using your own words you acknowledge where you got your information by attaching a list of websites you got your information from. A．should B．mayC．would D．could13．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old.A．was B．beC．were D．is14．________, the damage would be incalculable.A．Should such a disaster occur B．If such a disaster had occurredC．Had such a disaster occurred D．If such a disaster should be occurred 15．He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.A．would come B．would have come C．came D．had come 16．In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as if it____dotted with shining diamonds. A．is B．were C．will be D．would be 17．Don't you think it is time you ______ the plan?It is_______ the managers wanted tosee________ soon.A．set out discussing; that ;to be carried outB．should set about discussing; that ; to carry outC．should set out to discuss ;what; to be carried outD．set about discussing, what; carried out18．If it ______ rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car.A．were to B．will C．would D．is to 19．—Would you mind if I ______ the window?—Not at all. In fact, I was going to suggest you ______ it.A．open; did B．opened; to do C．open; doing D．opened; do 20．Tom had his hands full yesterday, otherwise he ______ your graduation ceremony.A．will attend B．had been attendedC．would attend D．would have attended21．-I can't believe it． Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your advice．A．would he follow B．should he followC．did he follow D．had he followed22．He’s working hard for fear that he _______.A．should fall behind B．fell behindC．may fall behind D．would fallen behind23．What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had 24．Mable is very weak, so the doctor advised that not only ______ more flood, but she should also take more exercise.A．should she have B．she should have C．she has D．has she 25．She looks as if she _____ ten years younger.A．is B．was C．were D．had been【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。
高考英语重难点语法讲解-虚拟语气编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高考英语重难点语法讲解-虚拟语气）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为高考英语重难点语法讲解-虚拟语气的全部内容。
虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句.如:We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is！多好的天气啊！(2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
（3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如： If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed！祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如：If he had seen you yesterday， he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点是什么在高考英语中，虚拟语气是一个重要的语法点，也是让许多同学感到头疼的部分。
虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反、假设、愿望、建议等情况，它的用法多样，且有不少需要注意的地方。
接下来，咱们就详细地探讨一下高考英语中虚拟语气的用法和注意点。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法1、与现在事实相反条件从句用一般过去时（be 动词用 were），主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
例如：If I were you, I would take the job （如果我是你，我会接受这份工作。
）2、与过去事实相反条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
比如：If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam （如果你学习更努力些，你就会通过考试了。
）3、与将来事实相反条件从句有三种形式：① should ＋动词原形；② were to ＋动词原形；③一般过去时。
主句用“wou ld ／ could ／ should ／ might ＋动词原形”。
举个例子：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home （要是明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
）二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1、 wish 后的宾语从句表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反，用“would ／ could ＋动词原形”。
例如：I wish I were as tall as you （我希望我和你一样高。
）2、表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句这类动词有suggest（建议）、advise（建议）、insist（坚持要求）、order（命令）、demand（要求）等，从句谓语用“should ＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。
★高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座★★★语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。
虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话仅仅一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气的学习重点：1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。
2. 虚拟语气的倒装。
（if省略，条件句中中有had, should, were）。
3. 两种错综虚拟语气。
4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
5. 过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。
6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。
重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though从句中虚拟语气的表示法。
7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。
即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
8. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。
★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下：相关时态主句形式从句形式例句与现在事实相反Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形）过去式（be动词各人称都用were）I If I were you, I should \would make full use of my time to study.与过去事实相反Should\would\could\might+have done（动词过去分词）Had+done(过去分词)I If you had come earlier, you would have met him.与将来事实相反Should\would\could\might+do（动词原形） 1. 过去式（be动词各人称都用were）2. should+动词原形3. were to +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.★★★注意四个情态动词的用法：1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下，必不过然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用could.3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用might.★★★虚拟语气倒装请看典型考题：__________ your address，I would have written to you.A. Did I knowB. Were I to knowC. Had I knownD. If I should know此题应选C。
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点知识点总复习附解析(1)一、选择题1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it.A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolenC．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen2．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations!-Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result.A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we________ to Shanghai Disneyland.A．go B．had goneC．would go D．went4．—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now.—Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school?A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak5．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A．is not started B．will not be startedC．not be started D．is not to be started6．It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet.A．will fight B．fought C．would fight D．fight7．I can’t thank you more, Tony. But for your timely warning, I into great trouble yesterday. A．had got B．got C．would have got D．would get8．It’s requested that a lecture ______ on this subject.A．is given B．should be given C．will be given D．has been given 9．They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk.A．are B．were C．have been D．had been10．I missed the chance to meet the movie star in the flesh. How I wish I ________ ill yesterday！A．didn’t fall B．weren’t falling C．hadn’t fallen D．haven’t fallen 11．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. A．was B．beC．were D．is12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be13．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice.A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followedC．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed14．The teacher made a request that all the homework ________ before class.A．should hand in B．must be handed inC．be handed in D．were handed in15．I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _________ you waiting for such a long time.A．will not keep B．have not keptC．had not kept D．would not have kept16．It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.A．did I know B．have I knownC．do I know D．had I known17．If God __________everything in the world, the strange creatures in fossils __________so many years before.A．had created; shouldn’t exist B．had created; couldn’t have existed C．should create; wouldn’t exist D．created; wouldn’t have existed18．Dr. Hoffman insisted that the weight-loss pills _____ harmful and that they _____. A．were; should not take B．be; are not takenC．were; not be take n D．are; are not taken19．He’s working hard for fear that he _______.A．should fall behind B．fell behindC．may fall behind D．would fallen behind20．Had he taken his parent’s advice, he ______ having made such a silly mistake now. A．would not regret B．would not have regrettedC．may not regret D．does not regret21．We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________more places of interest yesterday.A．visited B．had visitedC．would visit D．would have visited22．—How I wish I __________ fly to the moon!—Really? That would be great.A．can B．may C．should D．could23．It is highly recommended that the general public________one-metre social distance to avoid any possible risk of getting infected.A．keep B．will keep C．must keep D．keeps24．The people trapped in the ruins ____________ that rescue teams ____________ here without delay.A．desire; are sent B．desiring; were sentC．desire; be sent D．desiring; be sent25．—I’m sorry. I________to your birthday party if……—Forget it. I know you were in Shanghai on business then.A．had come B．would have come C．needn’t have come D．came【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查insist 用法。
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t ha ve succeeded.4、 If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。
例：Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 第二类Wish/if only/would rather愿望和as if(though)好像从句分时态l Wish从句……就好了动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they would let us get some sleep.* wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较：（1）We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.) （2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) l if only 后的句子用虚拟语气要是……就好了if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
②用过去完成时表过去的愿望I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
l as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意It isn’t as if…的翻译：It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
第三类从句中should+动词原形，should可省略l 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
l 表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command 请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct敦促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算 intend安排 arrangeex.I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气比较：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
l order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order l “It is (was)+ 紧急重要-- 带感情色彩上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词后的主语从句1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.*It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed第四类It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)ex. It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。
(不用were)It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time至善教育将根据每位高三学生的学习方法、学习态度的不同，制定特有的学习方案，提供最全的高考英语学习策略。
wish和as if引导的虚拟1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式（be 一律用were）例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.I wish that the experiment were a success.We wish we had wings.2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.I wish that I could have gone with you last night.I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词例如：I wish that he could try again.I wish that someday I should live on the moon.We wish that they would come soon.II. AS IF 引出的虚拟。
