2016经济学原理复习题答案

经济学原理试题库+答案一、单项选择题1. 以下哪个因素不是影响供给的因素？A. 生产成本B. 技术水平C. 政策因素D. 消费者偏好答案：D2. 某商品的价格为10元，供给量为100个。

若价格上涨到12元，供给量增加到120个。

则该商品的供给弹性为？A. 弹性供给B. 无弹性供给C. 单位弹性供给D. 无供给答案：A3. 以下哪个经济模型是研究单个市场中供给和需求关系的？A. 一般均衡模型B. 局部均衡模型C. 动态均衡模型D. 多元均衡模型答案：B4. 以下哪个概念描述了商品价格上升时，消费者购买量减少的现象？A. 需求饱和B. 需求曲线斜率C. 需求变动D. 边际效用递减答案：D5. 某商品的价格为20元，消费者购买量为10个。

若价格下降到15元，消费者购买量增加到12个。

则该商品的需求弹性为？A. 弹性需求B. 无弹性需求C. 单位弹性需求D. 无需求答案：A6. 以下哪个因素不是影响需求的因素？A. 商品价格B. 消费者收入C. 相关商品价格D. 消费者偏好答案：A7. 下列哪个市场结构中，企业数量最多？A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案：A8. 以下哪个概念描述了市场中企业数量较多，产品同质化的市场结构？A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案：A9. 以下哪个因素不是导致垄断市场形成的原因？A. 资源独占B. 技术优势C. 政府政策D. 企业兼并答案：D10. 以下哪个概念描述了市场中只有一个企业供应商品或服务的情况？A. 完全竞争市场B. 垄断市场C. 寡头垄断市场D. 完全垄断市场答案：D二、多项选择题1. 影响供给的因素包括：A. 生产成本B. 技术水平C. 政策因素D. 消费者偏好答案：ABC2. 以下哪些属于需求曲线的斜率特征？A. 价格上升，需求量下降B. 价格下降，需求量上升C. 需求曲线斜率为负D. 需求曲线斜率为正答案：ABC3. 以下哪些属于完全竞争市场的特征？A. 大量企业存在B. 产品同质化C. 企业可以自由进入或退出市场D. 企业之间存在价格竞争答案：ABCD4. 以下哪些属于导致寡头垄断市场形成的原因？A. 资源独占B. 技术优势C. 政府政策D. 企业兼并答案：ABC三、简答题1. 请简述供给和需求的关系。

经济学原理考试题含参考答案一、单选题（共40题，每题1分，共40分）1、市场不能提供纯粹的公共物品，是因为（）。

A、公共物品不具有排他性B、公共物品不具有竞争性C、消费者都想免费搭车D、以上三种情况都是正确答案：D2、按不变价格评价的物品与劳务的生产是( )。

A、真实GDPB、真实利率C、真实汇率D、真实变量正确答案：A3、经济学家用（）来说明一种资产兑换为经济中交换媒介的容易程度。

A、变动性B、交换性C、流动性D、可换性正确答案：C4、中央银行提高再贴现率会导致货币供给量的（）。

A、减少和利率降低B、增加和利率降低C、增加和利率提高D、减少和利率提高正确答案：D5、当消费者对商品X的消费达到饱和点时，则边际效用MUx为（）。

A、负值B、不确定C、零D、正值正确答案：C6、一个国家在本国领土上，在一定时期内生产的全部产品和劳务的市场价值的总和是（）。

A、国内生产总值B、国内生产净值C、国民生产总值D、国民收入正确答案：A7、储户可以简单地通过开支票而随时支取的银行账户余额叫做（）。

A、存款B、定期存款C、通货D、活期存款正确答案：D8、去年的CPI为120，今年为132，今年的通膨胀率为（）。

A、0.06B、0.1C、0.12D、无法判断正确答案：B9、总需求曲线会移动，不是其原因的是（）。

A、消费变动B、政府购买变动C、储蓄变动D、投资变动正确答案：C10、可以称为温和的通货膨胀的情况是指（）。

A、通货膨胀率在10%以上，并有加剧的趋势B、通货膨胀率以每年5%的速度增长C、数年之内，通货膨胀率一直保持在2%-3%水平D、通货膨胀率每月都在50%以上正确答案：C11、在以下四种情况下，可称为通货膨胀的是（）。

A、物价总水平上升而且持续了一定时期B、一种物品或几种物品的价格水平上升而且持续了一定时期C、物价总水平下降而且持续了一定时期D、物价总水平的上升持续了一个星期后又下降了正确答案：A12、若消费者的消费低于他的预算线消费，则消费者（）。

一、选择题1. 经济学的研究对象是：A. 物质生产过程B. 社会生产关系C. 市场交换关系D. 资源配置和财富分配答案：D解析：经济学是研究如何有效配置资源以生产商品和劳务，并分配这些产品与劳务的学科，因此研究对象是资源配置和财富分配。

2. 下列哪项不是经济学中的基本假设？A. 理性人假设B. 完美信息假设C. 市场竞争假设D. 通货膨胀假设答案：D解析：理性人假设、完美信息假设和市场竞争假设是经济学中的基本假设，而通货膨胀假设不是。

3. 下列哪项不是市场失灵的原因？A. 公共物品的非排他性B. 垄断的存在C. 外部性的存在D. 消费者偏好多样化答案：D解析：消费者偏好多样化是市场有效运行的条件之一，而不是市场失灵的原因。

市场失灵的原因通常包括公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在和外部性的存在。

4. 下列哪项不是经济周期的四个阶段？A. 复苏B. 高涨C. 调整D. 繁荣答案：C解析：经济周期的四个阶段通常包括复苏、高涨、衰退和萧条，调整不是经济周期的阶段。

5. 下列哪项不是宏观调控的目标？A. 稳定物价B. 就业充分C. 经济增长D. 优化资源配置答案：D解析：宏观调控的目标包括稳定物价、就业充分和经济增长，而优化资源配置是宏观调控的手段之一，不是目标。

二、填空题1. 经济学的基本假设是__________、__________和__________。

答案：理性人假设、完美信息假设、市场竞争假设解析：经济学的基本假设包括理性人假设，即经济主体追求自身利益最大化；完美信息假设，即经济主体拥有充分的信息；市场竞争假设，即市场是充分竞争的。

2. 市场失灵的主要原因是__________、__________和__________。

答案：公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在、外部性的存在解析：市场失灵的主要原因包括公共物品的非排他性，即一旦生产出来，无法阻止他人免费享用；垄断的存在，即市场只有一个或少数几个卖家，导致价格控制；外部性的存在，即生产或消费活动对他人产生了成本或收益，而市场没有反映这些成本或收益。

《经济学原理》题库（含参考答案）一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、下列哪一项会导致生产可能性曲线向外移动（）。

A、有用性资源增加或技术进步B、失业C、消费品生产增加，资本品生产下降D、通货膨胀正确答案：A2、寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是( )。

A、厂商的广告开支不同B、非价格竞争的数量不同C、厂商之间相互影响的程度不同D、以上都不对正确答案：C3、下列( )的情况不会增加预算赤字。

A、间接税增加B、政府债务的利息增加C、政府转移支付增加D、政府购买的物品和劳务增加正确答案：A4、如果个人收入等于 570 美元,而个人所得税等于 90 美元,消费等于430 美元,利息支付总额为 10 美元,个人储蓄为 40 美元,个人可支配收入则等于( )。

A、470 美元B、480 美元C、400 美元D、500 美元正确答案：B5、下列哪个命题不正确? ( )A、NDP 减去直接税等于 NIB、NDP 加上折旧等于 GDPC、总投资等于净投资加上折旧D、个人收入等于个人可支配收入加上个人所得税正确答案：A6、今年的名义 GDP 增加了,说明( )。

A、今年的物价上涨了B、今年的物价与产出都增加了C、今年的产出增加了D、不能确定正确答案：D7、等产量曲线上某一点的切线的斜率值等于（）。

A、等成本线的斜率B、边际技术替代率C、预算线的斜率D、边际产量正确答案：D8、如果某人刚刚进入劳动力队伍尚未找到工作,这是属于( )。

A、摩擦性失业B、周期性失业C、结构性失业D、永久性失业正确答案：A9、如果中央银行采取扩张性货币政策,可以( )。

A、在公开市场上买入债券,以减少商业银行的准备金,使利率上升B、在公开市场上买入债券,以增加商业银行的准备金,使利率下跌C、在公开市场上卖出债券,以增加商业银行的准备金,使利率下跌D、在公开市场上卖出债券,以减少商业银行的准备金,使利率上升正确答案：B10、已知某国的资本品存量在年初为 10000 亿美元,它在本年度生产了2500 亿美元的资本品,资本消耗折旧是 2000 亿美元,则该国在本年的总投资和净投资分别是( )。

1. The scientific method is not applicable to the study of economics because economics is not a true science.A) TrueB) False2. Hypotheses derived from economic analysis can be validated through empirical analysis, but hardly ever with absolute certainty.A) TrueB) False3. Which of the following statements relates to the concept of efficiency?A) The absence of waste.B) Using resources as effectively as possible.C) Being able to produce more of one good only by producing less of something else.D) All the above.E) b. and c. only.Use the following to answer question 4:Figure 14. Figure 1 displays the production-possibilities of two countries. Given that both countries produce five units of x, which of the following best describes country B's production of y?A) Less than country A's production of y.B) The same as country A's production of y.C) More than country A's production of y.D) Cannot be determined from the graph.E) None of the above.5. Mass unemployment of resources means society operates inside its production-possibility frontier.A) TrueB) False6. If two goods use the same resources and the same technology, the production possibilities curve between the two goods will have a positive slope.A) TrueB) False7. It is scarcity that makes goods economic goods.A) TrueB) False8. Which of the following is the most basic of the subjects with which the studyof economics must try to deal?A) Markets.B) Money.C) Profit seeking.D) The price mechanism.E) Scarcity.9. Poor money management by the government, aside from increasing the unemployment rate, will have a relatively small effect on the economy.A) TrueB) FalseUse the following to answer question 10:Figure 210. In Figure 2, what is Country B's cost of producing 1 unit of x in terms of y?A) 10 units of y.B) 1/2 units of y.C) 5 units of y.D) 2 units of y.E) None of the above.11. Barter is inconvenient because:A) bargaining power is unequal between rich and poor.B) without money, who can define "fair" values?C) my wants and supplies do not match your supplies and wants.D) it leads to imperfect competition.E) all of the above.12. The economic role of government in mixed economies can include:A) provision of public goods.B) tax collections.C) income redistribution.D) all of the above.E) none of the above.13. By the "invisible hand," Smith meant the influence and lobbying of the hidden interest groups.A) TrueB) False14. A society which forgoes present consumption:A) is forced to do so because of excessive consumption within the country in the past.B) may be devoting new resources to new capital formation.C) is merely devoting resources to the replacement of capital.D) expects to consume only that amount tomorrow which was foregone today.E) does none of the above.15. An economic good is valued in part by its scarcity.A) TrueB) False16. The statement that roundabout methods of production are often more efficient than more direct methods:A) means that roundabout methods use the same inputs as more direct methods, except for time, which is not a scarce economic good.B) means that consumers ought to choose those goods which most lend themselves to roundabout methods of production.C) means that the most roundabout method is always the most efficient method of producing any output.D) is false, for direct and indirect methods of production are usually the same in terms of efficiency.E) suggests that foregone consumption devoted to investment sometimes increases future output in ways that more closely match individual and/or social desires.17. Which of the following statements is true of specialization?A) Specialization is inconsistent with the idea of individual freedom.B) Economies that practice a division of labor are morally superior to those that do not.C) In accepting specialization, a person sacrifices his or her own interests for the sake of society's interest.D) While specialization has enormous advantages, the costs outweigh them.E) Increased productivity is more likely to be achieved through specialization.18. In an affluent modern society, businesses may have to offer workers more fulfilling jobs.A) TrueB) False19. Consumers vote their dollars primarily in:A) labor markets.B) land markets.C) capital markets.D) goods markets .E) none of the above.20. An example of legal limitations on property rights is the prohibition ofpollution.A) TrueB) False21. Lower prices coax out higher quantities demanded along a downward-sloping demand curve.A) TrueB) False22. An increase in price will lead to a lower quantity demanded because:A) suppliers will supply only the smaller amount.B) quality deteriorates.C) people will purchase less of the good.D) all of the above.E) none of the above.Use the following to answer question 23:Figure 323. Let P* and Q* represent market clearing price and quantity, respectively. Given the supply and demand curves drawn in Figure 3, a reduction in the price of an input used in the production of Q can be expected to cause:A) P* and Q* to climb.B) P* to climb while Q* falls.C) P* to climb while Q* holds steady.D) P* to fall while Q* climbs.E) P* and Q* to fall.Use the following to answer question 24:Table 1The Market for Potato Chips(quantities measured in bags per week)Price Quantity Supplied Quantity Demanded$1.00 500 20002.00 1000 17503.00 1500 15004.00 2000 12505.00 2500 100024. According to Table 1, the equilibrium price for potato chips is:A) $1.00.B) $2.00.C) $2.50.D) $3.00.E) $4.00.25. Upward-sloping supply curves are the result of:A) increasing returns to scale.B) increasing costs of production.C) changes in government policies.D) changes in technology.E) none of the above26. To say that a price "clears the market" is to say that everyone who wants that commodity is getting all they want.A) TrueB) False27. The position of the supply schedule for American-made cars will not be directly affected by which of the following?A) Union wage rates.B) Car prices.C) The possibility of strikes.D) A change in assembly technology.E) All of the above will affect supply.28. The demand curve for a normal good will shift to the right if:A) income increases.B) population increases.C) the price of a substitute good increases.D) all the above.E) none of the above.29. Given a fixed supply of lamb chops, a reduction in the price of pork chops (close substitutes) will tend to:A) shift the demand curve for lamb chops to the right.B) shift the demand curve for pork chops to the right.C) shift the demand curve for pork chops to the left.D) raise the price of lamb chops.E) lower the price of lamb chops.30. One reason that supply curves display positive slope is that:A) expanded production may require the use of superior resources.B) people are not willing to pay a higher price for more goods.C) expanded industry output might cause a labor shortage and subsequently increase the wage rate included in the cost of production.D) extra production brings in the more efficient, lower-cost producers.E) the law of diminishing returns is important to producers.31. If a 1 percent change in price causes a 5 percent change in quantity demanded, then demand is price inelastic.A) TrueB) False32. Whenever total expenditure (i.e., total revenue) remains the same after a change in price, the elasticity of demand is:A) greater than 1.B) less than 1.C) equal to 0.D) equal to 1.E) equal to infinity.33. If price and quantity sold both decrease from one period to another, we may infer that the law of downward-sloping demand does not operate in that market.A) TrueB) False34. In "tight" housing markets, rent controls are often applied to hold the price of housing to a "reasonable" level. What is the immediate effect of this price policy with respect to the allocative functions of prices, and the relative incomes of tenants and landlords?A) The allocative function of prices is impaired, but the tenants are prevented from gaining at the expense of the landlords.B) The allocative function of prices is not impaired, and the tenants are prevented from gaining at the expense of landlords.C) The allocative function of prices is impaired, and the tenants who find housing gain at the expense of landlords.D) The allocative function of prices is not impaired, but the landlords gain at the expense of tenants who do not find housing.E) None of the above.35. Which of the following inefficiencies might be the result of monopoly power's destroying a competitive equilibrium?A) Prices too high.B) Output too low.C) Wages distorted across the economy.D) Input prices distorted across the economy.E) All of the above.36. Dollar receipts for sellers of some commodities will be lower at higher prices.A) TrueB) False37. The quantity of a good which a person will purchase will not depend on which one of the following items?A) The price of the good.B) His or her tastes.C) The prices of substitute goods.D) His or her income.E) The elasticity of supply.Use the following to answer question 38:Figure 438. Refer to Figure 4 once again. Suppose that now the demand curve has shifted to D'D'. At what point along D'D' is price elasticity equal to 1?A) GB) between G and H.C) H.D) between H and I.E) I.39. Rank the supply curves in the figure below in order of greatest to least price elasticity at the common intersection point.A) C, A, B.B) B, A, C.C) B, C, A.D) A, B, C.E) None of the above.40. A price subsidy of 20 cents per gallon on milk (which does not have a totally inelastic demand curve) will result in a:A) change in consumer tastes.B) drop in the equilibrium price of 20 cents per gallon.C) drop in the equilibrium price of less than 20 cents per gallon.D) drop in the equilibrium price of more than 20 cents per gallon.41. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that the:A) ratio of MU to P for luxuries is lower than that for necessities.B) utility derived from the last unit of the good consumed falls as the consumption of the good increases.C) ratio of MU to P will be the same for all goods.D) utility derived from total consumption of a good falls as consumption increases.E) none of the above.42. A consumer is said to be in equilibrium in his or her choice between two goods A and B when:A) the purchase of good A gives the same satisfaction as the purchase of good B.B) the last purchase of good A gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last purchase of good B.C) each penny spent on good A gives the same satisfaction as each penny spent on good B.D) the last penny spent on good A gives the same addition to satisfaction as the last penny spent on good B.E) the last pennies spent on goods A and B generate no additions to satisfaction.43. A consumer spends all of her income on two goods, coffee and doughnuts. She purchases coffee at 25 cents a unit with a total utility of 800 and a marginal utility of 12. Doughnuts are purchase at 75 cents a unit with a total utility of 200 and a marginal utility of 24. In order to reach consumer equilibrium, she should consume:A) less doughnuts and more coffee.B) more doughnuts but the same amount of coffee.C) more coffee but the same amount of doughnuts.D) more doughnuts and less coffee.E) the same amount of coffee and doughnuts.44. If a person only consumes pickles and peanut butter, he will consume peanut butter up to the point where the:A) marginal utility of the last unit of peanut butter consumed equals that of the last unit of pickles consumed.B) total utility of peanut butter consumed equals the total utility of pickles consumed.C) consumer surplus of peanut butter consumption equals the consumer surplus of pickle consumption.D) last dollar spent on peanut butter consumption provides the same marginal utility as the last dollar spent on pickle consumption.E) none of the above.45. Water tends to have a low marginal utility because substitutes for it are widely available.A) TrueB) False46. A good which sells for a higher price than one which is more important for welfare reflects the concept of:A) complementarity in demand.B) substitution.C) marginal or total utility.D) the paradox of value.E) law of diminishing marginal utility.47. The price of good X is $1.50 and that of good Y, $1. A particular consumer who evaluates the marginal utility of Y to be 30 units, and is in equilibrium with respect to purchases of X and Y, must consider the marginal utility of X to be:A) 15 units.B) 20 units.C) 30 units.D) 45 units.E) none of the above.48. It is possible to sum individual demand curves to get the market demand curve only when all consumers are exactly alike in their demands.A) TrueB) False49. The paradox of value is not the result of declining marginal utility.A) TrueB) False50. In the figure below, which area represents consumer surplus at a price of 5?A) OADC.B) OBEC.C) CEH.D) OBEH.E) CEGF.51. Both in number and in dollar value of sales, the individual proprietorship is the dominant form of American enterprise.A) TrueB) FalseUse the following to answer question 52:Figure 552. Suppose that two inputs, K and L, are variable and increase at the same rate. Which one of the panels in Figure 5 represents Increasing Return to Scale (IRS)?A) Panel a.B) Panel b.C) Panel c.D) Panel d.E) None of the above.53. "Unlimited liability" in partnerships refers to the liability of each partner for her percentage share of any losses incurred, without limit, except for some legal minimum of property she is permitted to keep.A) TrueB) False54. The employment of which of the following inputs might be adjusted in the short run?A) Physical capital.B) Number of hours worked by labor.C) Units of energy required per unit output.D) Units of material required per unit output.E) None of the above.55. Numerically, the bulk of businesses in the U.S. are:A) corporations.B) partnerships.C) sole proprietorships.D) farms.E) mom-and-pop retail shops.56. If incomes were properly distributed, competitive general equilibrium would move resources to the best use for consumers' satisfaction.A) TrueB) FalseUse the following to answer questions 57:Total Product withVarious Input CombinationsLandLabor 10 15 200 0 0 01 20 20.67 20.52 38 39.33 40.03 54 57.00 58.54 68 72.67 76.05 80 87.33 92.56 90 102.00 108.057. Suppose that production were defined by the function recorded in the table above. For diminishing returns to continue to hold for the 7th unit of labor with land equal to 15 units, total product for the combination of [labor =7; land = 15] would have to be less than:A) 0.B) 116.67.C) 115.67.D) 114.67.E) none of the above.Use the following to answer questions 58-59:Table 2Total Product withVarious Input CombinationsLandLabor 10 15 200 0 0 01 20 20.67 20.52 38 39.33 40.03 54 57.00 58.54 68 72.67 76.05 80 87.33 92.56 90 102.00 108.058. The production process defined by the function recorded in Table 2 displays diminishing returns in both labor and land.A) TrueB) False59. The production process defined by the function recorded in Table 2 displays decreasing returns to scale for labor but not for land.A) TrueB) False60. Which of the following is an example of a project that could be observed in the short run?A) The construction of a new assembly line to match an existing one.B) The construction of a new assembly line to take advantage of a new technology.C) The moving of an established assembly line to bring it geographically closer to a market.D) The sale of an existing assembly line on the scrap market to finance part of a new facility.E) None of the above.61. Horizontal long-run MC is associated with constant returns to scale.A) TrueB) False62. A fixed cost is:A) the cost of any input whose per-unit price has been fixed, whether bylong-term contract or by some similar means.B) a cost whose increases are exactly proportional to increases in output.C) any component included in average cost which enters in AC as the same fixed per-unit amount, no matter what the level of plant output may be.D) a cost which the firm would incur even if its output were zero.E) none of the above.Use the following to answer questions 63-64:Table 3QuantityVariable Cost Total Cost1 25 402 45 603 60 754 70 855 85 1006 105 1207 132 14763. What is MC between Q = 3 and Q = 4 in Table 3?A) 10B) 15C) 20D) 25E) None of the above.64. What is AFC at Q = 5 in Table 3?A) 3B) 4C) 5D) 7.5E) 1565. Total cost at q + 1 minus total cost at q gives marginal cost for the qth unit.A) TrueB) False66. The balance sheet always balances because:A) by definition, profit is the residual between revenue and cost.B) every proper official business statement is audited by a firm of independent accountants.C) accountants, like statisticians, know how to manipulate the truth.D) by definition, net worth equals the difference between assets and liabilities.E) none of the above.67. A driver wishes to buy gasoline and have her car washed. She finds that the wash costs $3.00 when she buys 19 gallons at $1.00 each, but that if she buys 20 gallons, the car wash is free. Thus the marginal cost of the twentieth gallon of gas is:A) –$2.00.B) $0.00.C) $1.00.D) $2.00.E) none of the above.68. If a firm produces more goods than it sells and buys more raw materials than it uses up during the year, an inventory adjustment must be made so as not to:A) overstate earnings for the year.B) understate earnings for the year.C) overstate liabilities at the end of the year.D) understate liabilities at the end of the year.E) overstate assets at the end of the year.69. Both the balance sheet and the income statement indicate the flow of sales, cost, and revenue over the accounting period.A) TrueB) False70. In calculating a firm's total costs, which of the following is not included?A) The owner's expertise.B) The demand curve facing the firm.C) The taxes paid by the firm.D) Non-essential costs, such as advertising and entertainment expenses.E) Input prices.71. The zero-profit point for a perfectly competitive firm occurs where the price equals the minimum point of the:A) A VC curve.B) AC curve.C) MC curve.D) AFC curve.E) none of the above.72. In the long run, all costs:A) lie along a perfectly elastic long-run supply curve.B) are fixed costs.C) are variable costs.D) exhibit constant returns to scale.E) depend upon the demand structure of the given market.73. Pure economic rent is the price paid to a factor of production that is fixed in total supplyA) TrueB) False74. If, in long run equilibrium, the competitive price of some good is $16.67, then, for each and every firm in the industry,A) marginal cost > average cost = $16.67.B) marginal cost < average cost = $16.67.C) $16.67 = marginal cost = average cost.D) $16.67 = marginal cost > average cost.E) $16.67 = marginal cost < average cost.75. A tax on the emission of a pollutant from the firms of a competitive industry can be expected to cause the equilibrium quantity demanded and supplied to decline.A) TrueB) False76. In a market economy, the short-run reaction to an excess supply of a commodity after a decrease in demand is:A) price will rise, but profits fall.B) price and profits will fall.C) price will fall, but profits will be unchanged.D) price will fall, but profits will increase.E) price and profits will both increase.77. In the long run, any firm will eventually leave an industry if:A) price does not cover at least average total cost.B) price is not equal to marginal cost.C) price is higher than average variable cost.D) price is not at least equal to the minimum of the marginal cost curve.E) other firms in the industry are leaving.Use the following to answer question 78:Figure 678. In Figure 6, the firm's economic profits will equal:A) 0.B) $40.C) $100.D) $150.E) none of the above.79. Which of the following is incompatible with an efficient economic optimum?A) Perfect competition.B) Absence of externalities.C) Monopoly.D) All of the above are incompatible.E) None of the above is incompatible.80. Under conditions of decreasing cost:A) externalities are irrelevant and inapplicable.B) each of the firms in the industry will continue to produce more output at falling costs per unit.C) a strong case can be made for supplanting complete individualism by some kind of group action.D) a few large sellers may come to dominate the industry.E) monopolization of the industry becomes impossible.Use the following to answer questions 81-82:Table 4P Q$5 8$4 12$3 17$2 22$1 2781. Suppose an imperfect competitor faces the demand curve defined in Table 4, and its MC is constant at $2.00. If the firm is able to produce at any output level, then it maximizes profits at:A) P = 5; q = 8B) P = 4; q = 12.C) P = 3; q = 17.D) P = 2; q = 22.E) none of the above if fixed costs are less than $1.00.82. Consider the demand curve given in Table 4. If the imperfectly competitive firm is able to produce at any output level, then the price and quantity which maximize total revenue are:A) P = 5; q = 8B) P = 4; q = 12.C) P = 3; q = 17.D) P = 2; q = 22.E) P = 1; q = 27.83. Falling marginal revenue facing an individual firm is incompatible with:A) growth of the firm.B) perfect competition.C) oligopoly.D) barriers to entry.E) none of the above.84. A percentage tax on a monopolist's profit has no effect on the profit-maximizing output as long as the tax is no greater than 100%.A) TrueB) False85. A profit-maximizing firm will always try to operate at the level of output at which its average costs are at a minimum, i.e., at the bottom of its U-shaped cost curve.A) TrueB) False86. Steel is an oligopolistic industry in the U.S.A) TrueB) False87. If all firms in an industry sell identical products, then it would never pay to advertise.A) TrueB) False88. The marginal cost schedule facing an imperfect competitor is constant at $12. The demand curve is given in Table 5. The profit maximizing output for this firm is: Table 5P Q$20 6$19 7$18 8$17 9$16 l0A) 6 unitsB) 7 unitsC) 8 unitsD) 9 unitsE) 10 units89. If a firm's demand curve is horizontal, then the firm's marginal revenue is:A) less than the price of the product.B) equal to the price of the product.C) greater than the price of the product.D) greater than, equal to, or less than the price of the product, depending on theparticular circumstances.E) not determinable from the above information.90. An imperfect competitor is not willing to increase sales at the prevailing price because to do so would reduce marginal revenue.A) TrueB) False91. If price equals P1 for a monopolist good and P2 for a competitive good, then for any single consumer the ratio of marginal utilities, MU1/MU2:A) is exactly 1, and equal to the ratios of marginal costs, MC1/MC2.B) is exactly 1, and less than the ratios of marginal costs, MC1/MC2.C) is exactly 1, and greater than the ratios of marginal costs, MC1/MC2.D) is exactly 1, and MC1 = MC2E) cannot be determined on data given.Use the following to answer questions 92-93:Figure 792. By the deadweight loss due to monopoly, we mean the area in Figure 7 labeled:A) PAB.B) ABCD.C) FDEQ.D) PCEB.E) BDE.93. Consider Figure 7. The cartel solution would occur at point:A) B.B) E.C) H.D) G.E) none of the above.94. The "separation of ownership and control" in the large corporation refers primarily to:A) government limitations on the rights of capital ownership.B) the ability of a small minority of shareholders or management to exercise effective control.C) the issuance of voting warrants to management personnel.D) the lack of diversification of stock ownership.E) the fact that an officer of the company can sit on the board of directors, even though he may not be a shareholder.95. "There are thousands of 'Ma and Pa' grocery stores in the United States thatsell very similar merchandise. Therefore, the retail grocery business must be perfectly competitive." This statement is:A) correct; grocery stores are like wheat farms, and if wheat farming is perfectly competitive, so is the grocery business.B) incorrect; since the production of food is nearly perfectly competitive, the distribution of food must be perfectly competitive also.C) incorrect; grocery stores are best described as oligopolistic.D) incorrect; the thousands of separate retail grocery markets may best be described as monopolistically competitive with product differentiation determined by location.E) correct; retail groceries are notoriously unprofitable.96. A concentration ratio measures:A) the number of firms in a perfectly competitive industry.B) the number of products sold in a monopolistically competitive market.C) the ratio of the total number of firms in the market to the dollar value of industry revenues.D) the percent of total industry output that is accounted for by the largest firms.E) none of the above.97. Monopolistic deviation from P = MC means that:A) nobody can be made better off without making someone else worse off.B) goods are being produced efficiently.C) society is more able to achieve its welfare optimum.D) someone can be made better off without making someone else worse off.E) none of the above.98. Which of the following best explains why collusive oligopolies are not stable?A) Companies are inherently hostile to each other.B) Companies feel they have a moral responsibility not to collude.C) Each company in the oligopoly can increase its profits by deviating from the agreed upon price and/or quantity.D) Oligopolies are not unstable; rather they are quite stable.E) None of the above.99. Many firms practice mark up pricing, since it allows for profit maximization.A) TrueB) False100. Strategic interaction is a term used to describe the condition in which a firm's business strategy depends upon its competitors' actions.A) TrueB) False。

经济学原理复习题答案一、单项选择题1、若某商品的消费量随着消费者收入的增加而增加，则该商品是（ C ）。

A、替代品B、互补品C、正常品D、低档品2、假如在短期内某一厂商的收益只能弥补它的可变成本，这表明该厂商（ D ）。

A、继续生产将会产生更大的亏损B、停止生产没有亏损C、增加生产将会减少亏损D、停止生产与继续生产亏损一样3、经济学家认为超额利润是（ C ）。

A、机会成本B、价格超过成本的余额C、收益超过经济成本的余额D、收益超过会计成本的余额4、基本经济问题之所以产生，是因为（ c ）。

A、资源具有生产能力B、价格水平的上涨速度过快C、资源相对于欲望而言有限D、一些人仍处于贫困状态5、下列（ a ）情况使总收益增加？A．价格上升，需求缺乏弹性B．价格下降，需求缺乏弹性；C．价格上升，需求富有弹性D．价格下降，需求单位弹性。

7、经济学研究的基本问题是（d ）A、怎样生产B、生产什么，生产多少C、为谁生产D、以上都是8、若无差异曲线上任一点的斜率为：－1/2，这意味着消费者有更多x的时候，他更愿意放弃（B ）单位x而获得一单位y。

A、1/2 B、2C、1D、1.59、如果人们收入水平提高，食物在总支出中的比重将（C ）A、大大增加B、稍有增加C、下降D、不变10、恩格尔曲线从（b ）导出P82A、价格——消费曲线B、收入——消费曲线C、需求曲线D、无差异曲线11、使用自有资金也应计算利息收入，这种利息从成本角度看是（b ）A、固定成本B、隐含成本C、会计成本D、生产成本12、长期成本曲线呈“U”型的原因与（a）有关A、规模报酬B、外部经济与不经济C、要素的边际生产D、固定成本与可变成本所占比重13、若某行业中许多生产者生产一种标准化产品，我们可以估计到其中任何一个生产者的需求将是：（d ）Ａ、毫无弹性B、有单元弹性C、缺乏弹性D、富有弹性１４、当价格高于均衡价格时：（Ｂ）A.需求量大于供给量B.需求量小于供给量C.需求量与供给量相等D.需求量与供给量可能相等，也可能不等１５、如果一种商品的需求的价格弹性为2，价格由1元上升到1.02元会导致需求量：（Ｃ）A.增加4％B.增加2％C.减少4％D.减少2％１6、无差异曲线上任一点上商品X和Y的边际替代率等于它们的（ C）A．价格之比 B．数量之比 C．边际效用之比D．边际成本之比17、总效用达到最大时（B ）A．边际效用为最大值 B．边际效用为零C．边际效用为正 D．边际效用为负18、消费者剩余是（C ）A．消费过剩的商品B．消费者得到的总效用C．消费者购买商品得到的总效用大于货币的效用部分D．支出的货币的总效用19、如果商品x和商品y是相互替代的，则x的价格下降将导致（D ）A．x的需求曲线向右移动 B．x的需求曲线向左移动C．y的需求曲线向右移动D．y的需求曲线向左移动20、（Ｃ）表示一个经济社会在一定的技术条件下，充分利用现有的社会资源，所能生产的不同的商品组合。

【单选题】1.社会在其生产可能性曲线上选择一点所回答的问题在下列几点中只有哪一点才不是？（）C 为谁生产；2.下列各项中（）项不属于生产要素供给的增长。

C 人才的合理流动；3.GDP是衡量经济增长的一个较好指标，是因为（）A GDP以货币表示，易于比较；4.下列（）项命题不正确。

A 国民生产净值（NNP）减直接税等于国民收入（NI）；5.从最终使用者的角度看，将最终产品和劳务的市场价值加总计算GDP的方法是（）A 支出法；6.如果实现了哈罗德模型的自然增长率，将使（）A 社会资源得到充分的利用；7.说“资源的稀缺性”是指（）B 相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的；8.当经济处于充分就业均衡状态时，政府支出的增加会使（）A 总需求曲线右移一段时间；9.根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率G，经济将（）B 长期萧条；10.在生产者均衡点上（）D 上述都正确。

11.以下哪两种情况不可能同时发生？（）B 需求不足失业和需求拉动的通货膨胀；12.在下列引起通货膨胀的原因中，哪一个最可能是成本推进的通货膨胀的原因？（）C 世界性商品价格的上涨；13.边际成本低于平均成本时，（）B 平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降；14.随着产量的增加，平均固定成本（）D 一直趋于下降。

15.在得出某种商品的个人需求曲线时，下列因素除哪一种外均保持为常数（）D 所考虑商品的价格。

16.在新古典增长模型中，如果没有人口增长和技术进步，则当（）时稳定状态下消费有一最高水准。

C 资本边际产出等于折旧率；17.加速原理发生作用的条件是（）C 社会上没有剩余生产能力时；18.菲利普斯曲线说明（）C 通货膨胀率和失业率之间呈负相关；19.按国民收入核算体系，在一个只有家庭、企业和政府构成的三部门经济中，一定有（）D 家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府支出。

20.已知充分就业的国民收入是10000亿美元，实际国民收入是9800亿美元，边际消费倾向是80%，在增加100亿美元的投资以后，经济将发生（）A 需求拉上的通货膨胀；21.等产量曲线是指在这条曲线上的各点代表（）D 投入要素的各种组合所能生产的产量都是相等的。

《经济学原理》试题与答案一、选择题1. 以下哪个选项不是经济学的基本问题？A. 生产什么和多少B. 如何生产C. 为谁生产D. 谁来决定政府的政策答案：D2. 经济学中的“稀缺”指的是：A. 资源的数量是无限的B. 人们的欲望是无限的C. 资源相对于人们的欲望来说是有限的D. 资源无法满足所有人的需求答案：C3. 以下哪个选项属于微观经济学的范畴？A. 国民生产总值B. 通货膨胀率C. 个体消费者的消费决策D. 失业率答案：C4. 以下哪个市场结构的特点是：一个卖家，多个买家？A. 完全竞争B. 垄断C. 寡头垄断D. 不完全竞争答案：B5. 以下哪个选项描述的是需求曲线？A. 价格上升，需求量增加B. 价格上升，需求量减少C. 价格下降，需求量增加D. 价格下降，需求量减少答案：C二、简答题1. 简述经济学的基本概念。

答案：经济学是一门研究如何分配稀缺资源以满足人们无限欲望的学科。

它包括微观经济学和宏观经济学两部分。

微观经济学关注个体经济行为，如消费者、企业和市场；宏观经济学关注整体经济现象，如国民生产总值、通货膨胀率、失业率等。

2. 简述供求法则。

答案：供求法则是指市场价格由市场上的供给和需求共同决定的规律。

当市场上某种商品或服务的供给量增加，需求量减少时，价格下降；当市场上某种商品或服务的供给量减少，需求量增加时，价格上涨。

3. 简述市场均衡的概念。

答案：市场均衡是指市场上某种商品或服务的供给量与需求量相等的状态。

在市场均衡状态下，价格稳定，资源得到有效配置。

4. 简述机会成本的概念。

答案：机会成本是指为了获得某种收益而放弃的其他收益。

在经济学中，人们在做出决策时，不仅要考虑直接成本，还要考虑机会成本。

5. 简述边际效用递减规律。

答案：边际效用递减规律是指随着消费量的增加，每增加一单位商品或服务带来的满足感逐渐减少。

这一规律说明了消费者在消费过程中，随着消费量的增加，愿意支付的价格逐渐降低。

《经济学原理》考核试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 经济学是研究（）的学科。

A. 如何分配稀缺资源B. 如何生产商品和服务C. 如何实现经济增长D. A和B答案：D2. 以下哪个选项不是市场经济体制的特点？（）A. 价格由市场供求决定B. 政府不干预市场C. 企业自主经营D. 政府拥有全部生产资料答案：D3. 以下哪个因素不会导致需求曲线向右移动？（）A. 消费者收入增加B. 替代品价格上升C. 互补品价格上升D. 消费者偏好增加答案：C4. 以下哪个因素不会导致供给曲线向左移动？（）A. 生产成本上升B. 生产技术进步C. 政府对生产商征税D. 政府补贴生产商答案：B5. 市场均衡状态下，以下哪个选项是正确的？（）A. 供给量等于需求量B. 供给量大于需求量C. 需求量大于供给量D. 无法确定答案：A6. 以下哪个选项属于财政政策？（）A. 调整利率B. 调整税收C. 调整汇率D. A和C答案：B7. 以下哪个选项属于货币政策？（）A. 调整税收B. 调整利率C. 调整政府支出D. A和C答案：B8. 以下哪个选项不是通货膨胀的原因？（）A. 供给不足B. 需求过多C. 生产成本上升D. 政府干预市场答案：D9. 以下哪个选项不是失业的原因？（）A. 技术进步B. 经济增长放缓C. 政府干预市场D. 劳动力供给过剩答案：C10. 以下哪个选项不是国际贸易的好处？（）A. 资源配置优化B. 产品多样化C. 提高生产效率D. 减少国内就业机会答案：D二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述经济学的基本问题。

答案：经济学的基本问题包括：生产什么、如何生产、为谁生产、何时生产。

2. 简述供求法则。

答案：供求法则是指在市场经济体制下，商品价格由市场供求关系决定。

当供大于求时，价格下降；当求大于供时，价格上升。

3. 简述财政政策和货币政策的区别。

答案：财政政策是指政府通过调整税收、政府支出等手段影响经济运行的政策；货币政策是指中央银行通过调整利率、货币供应量等手段影响经济运行的政策。