2013年概括大意第十二篇 Intelligence a changed view

2013年12月英语四级真题及答案阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节1. A. 考点：文章第一段提到：波多黎各遭受的破坏震撼了整个地区。

因此，根据后面提供的信息，可以推断出这次飓风对整个加勒比地区造成了广泛的破坏。

B选项只提到了波多黎各遭受的破坏，没有涉及整个加勒比地区。

2. D. 考点：文章第二段末尾提到“We love getting movie recommendations”. 因此，可以推断出他们喜欢得到关于电影的建议。

3. B. 考点：根据第一段“When it comes to the growth of cities, the 21st century is largely a story of the developing world”我们可以推断出，发展中国家的城市增长更快。

4. C. 考点：根据第二段“Those who live in cities complain of traffic jams and crowded subway cars”可以推断出，城市居民经常抱怨交通拥堵和拥挤的地铁。

5. D. 考点：根据文章第三段“In city after city, the urban population today is much larger than it has ever been in history”可以推断出城市人口比历史上任何时候都要多。

6. A. 考点：根据文章第四段“Bu this does not mean that there is no way to slow the growth of cities”可以推断出，存在减缓城市增长的方法。

7. B. 考点：根据文章最后一段“For all the challenges cities fac e, they remain attractive places to live”可以推断出，尽管城市面临很多挑战，但人们仍然愿意居住在城市。

第十二篇：Intelligence: a Changed View1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of children's future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself1. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.2 Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence, whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment.3 Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.4. Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children4 may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.55. These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them is learning how to learn.6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With themove toward comprehensive education and the development of unstrained classes6, fewer children will be given the label "low IQ'' which must inevitably condemn a child inhis own, if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.词汇：entity /'entiti/ n．存在，实体innate /i'neit/ adj．内在的stimulation / stimju'leiʃ(ə)n/ n．激发，促进stream /stri:m/v．（根据能力把学生）分组interaction /,intər'ækʃ(ə)n/ n．相互作用注释：1. …research has thrown doubt on the view that innate inteffigence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. ……科学研究对内在智力可以衡量这一观点以及智力的实质本身都表示怀疑。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题答案与解析Part I Writing参考范文：第一种图表（即我们试题部分的图表）Education PaysThe bar graph describes the unemployment rates in 2010 for social groups with different education degrees in theUnited States. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics， the better you are educated， the more likely you are to get employed. For example， there are only about 1.9% and 4% of people with doctoral degree and master s degree respectively who are unemployed， while people with only a high school diploma or less suffer a much higher unemployment rate （14.9% and 10.3% respectively）.These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science and technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market.It must be added， however， a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity. In order to succeed in the career， people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwork and social experience.第二种图表（这也是本次考试的另一份试卷的图表）（见图表2）Education PaysAs is shown in the bar chart above， the social groups with higher degree are not only more likely to be employed in the first place， but they are also better paid later in the workplace. Those with doctoral and professional degrees enjoy a much higher weekly median earning （$1551 and 1665 respectively） and suffer a much lower unemployment rate （2.5% and 2.4%）. On the other hand， those with less education suffer a considerably higher unemployment rate and have a much lower weekly income. For example， there are a total of 23.5% （9.4%+14.1%） of people unemployed with high school diploma or less， who have only a median weekly income of $545，as compared with the average $797.These data clearly indicate that education pays in the long run and it is a worthy investment. In this IT age especially， when knowledge of science and technology is power， people need to be well equipped with knowledge and skills in order to be competitive in job hunting and be better paid. A higher degree is definitely an advantage in the first place in the job market and a competitive edge for workplace promotions.It must be added， however， a high degree alone is not enough. It will not ensure a better employment opportunity and higher salary. In order to succeed in the career，people must also develop practical skills and techniques as well as good communication， teamwork and social experience.概述四级考试主要的作文命题形式是“文示”提纲作文，但不时也考应用文（书信、演讲词等）和图表作文，图表作文曾在1991年6月（表格： Changes in People s Diet）和2002年6月（柱状图： Student Use of Computers），似乎是10年考一次，但不排除今后会更频繁地考到。

汉译英短文翻译1近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综复杂的问题。

今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。

（102字）难点注释：1）城市化urbanization2）加速阶段an accelerating phase3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems4）远非?一所能及surpass5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit1In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into anaccelerating phase.Amidst magnificent achievements，there have emergedsome complicated problems. The crux is that the cities and the countrysideare developing at such a rapid rate，on such a large scale，with suchenormous capital，in such a vast extent that they have surpassed anyhistorical period China has ever witnessed before. Virtually，buildingconstruction has today become a major economic pursuit in China.2世界各地有3,600万人染上了艾滋病—这比整个澳大利亚的人口还多。

目前，艾滋病是全球第4大死因，而在非洲则是头号罪魁。

在非洲，艾滋病使工人丧失工作，使家庭丧失经济来源，使父母丧失孩子。

在7个非洲国家中，巧岁至49岁的人口中艾滋病病毒感染者占到20％以上。

2013年12月英语六级作文As an AI developed by Moonshot AI, I don't have access to historical data or specific content from past exams unless it has been shared with me in the course of our conversation. However, I can help you by creating a sample essay based on a hypothetical topic that might have been relevant for the December 2013 English Level 6 exam in China. Here's a sample essay:In recent years, the issue of environmental protection has gained significant attention globally. As the world's population continues to grow and industrialization expands, the environment is facing unprecedented challenges. This essay aims to discuss the importance of environmental protection and the steps that can be taken to safeguard our planet.Firstly, environmental protection is crucial for maintaining the balance of ecosystems. The natural world is a complex web of interdependent relationships, and any disruption can have far-reaching consequences. For instance, deforestation not only leads to loss of habitat for countless species but also contributes to climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide that can be absorbed by trees.Secondly, protecting the environment is essential for human health. Pollution, whether it be air, water, or soil, poses serious threats to our well-being. Contaminated water sources can lead to the spread of diseases, while air pollution has been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. By taking measures to reduce pollution, we can improve public health and quality of life.Thirdly, sustainable environmental practices can lead to economic benefits. Investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, can create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Moreover, sustainable agriculture practices can increase crop yields while reducing the need for harmful pesticides and fertilizers.To conclude, environmental protection is not just a moral obligation but also a practical necessity. It is imperative that individuals, communities, and governments work together to implement policies and practices that promote sustainability. By doing so, we can ensure a healthier and more prosperous future for generations to come.Please note that this is a fictional essay and the actual topic for the December 2013 English Level 6 exam may have been different. If you have a specific topic or prompt from that exam, I can tailor the essay to fit that context.。

2013年12月四级翻译答案第一篇：2013年12月四级翻译答案信息技术（Information T echnology），正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。

一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。

另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。

不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。

【参考译文】Nowadays, with the fast development of Information Technology, Chinese citizens are attaching more and more importance to it.Some schools and universities have even included Information Technology in their required courses, which has led to different opinions.Some people think it is unnecessary to make IT courses required, and students are supposed to take traditional courses.Oppositely, other people think it is necessary to do so, for China and its people should keep pace with the times.Either way, it is a good thing that Information Technology has attracted people's attention.【点评】段落翻译是本次考试的新题型之一，由考查简单的词组掌握、句型表达转为考查篇章整体表达，相比改革前的句子翻译，无论是分值还是难度都有所加大，对考生的能力水平要求更高。

⼈教版九年级下册英语Unit12SectionB课⽂翻译 翻译是指引，⼈教版九年级下册英语Unit12 SectionB的课⽂该怎么翻译呢?接下来是店铺⼩编为⼤家带来的关于⼈教版九年级下册英语Unit12 SectionB课⽂的翻译，希望会给⼤家带来帮助。

⼈教版九年级下册英语Unit12 SectionB课⽂翻译：2a 部分翻译 Have you ever played jokes on others, especially on April Fool's Day? Have you ever been fooled by others? Tell your story to your partner. 你曾经捉弄过别⼈吗，特别是在这天?你曾经被别⼈捉弄过吗?向你的同伴讲述你的。

⼈教版九年级下册英语Unit12 SectionB课⽂翻译：2b 部分翻译 Read the passage quickly.Then match each paragraph with the main idea. 。

然后把每⼀段和中⼼意思搭配起来。

Paragraph 1 The most famous trick played 第⼀段最著名的恶作剧 Paragraph 2 Examples of funny stories that happened on April Fool's Day 第⼆段发⽣在愚⼈节的有趣的故事的例⼦ Paragraph 3 An introduction to April Fool's Day 第三段愚⼈节的介绍 Paragraph 4 A sad story that happened on April Fool's Day 第四段发⽣在愚⼈节的⼀个伤⼼的故事 USING BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE 运⽤背景知识 Carefully reading the first sentence in each paragraph can activate your own knowledge of the topic and help you guess what the whole text is about. 认真阅读每⼀段的第⼀句可以激活你⾃⼰对于这⼀话题的知识，并且帮助你猜测整篇⽂章的内容。

2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解新题型匹配练习题练习1Part ⅢReading Comprehension （40 minutes)Section B（原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。

Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter。

Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to Make Peace with Your Workload[A] Swamped (忙碌的）,under the gun， just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it，we”ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to—do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed。

第一篇医生是著名‎的糟糕“引航员”，他们不需要‎听命于别人‎因为他们早‎已全部知道‎。

我很辛运：1970年‎我成为了一‎名引航员，差不多比我‎从药学院毕‎业早10年‎。

我之前并没‎有意识到这‎些，但是成为一‎名引航员让‎我成为了一‎名更好的外‎科医生。

我喜欢飞翔‎。

当我开着更‎大更快的飞‎机，在更为恶劣‎的天气的时‎候，我学到了机‎组资源管理‎，或者称为C‎RM，一种可以飞‎得更安全的‎方法。

这意味着机‎组成员应该‎听命并站出‎来为好的结‎果说话，忽略自己的‎地位1980年‎我第一次接‎触到CRM‎。

那不久之后‎，一名主治医‎师和我正在‎恶劣天气中‎飞行。

控制员让我‎们准备着陆‎时已经太晚‎了。

主治医生正‎在飞行，我是一个保‎证安全的引‎航员，由于一个糟‎糕的转弯他‎变得手忙脚‎乱，他忘记把起‎落架放下来‎。

他是一个不‎错的引航员‎——还有我的上‎级——所以为他们说好‎话会觉得很‎奇怪。

但是我必须‎这么做：我们的生命‎处于危险之‎中。

我把我的不‎容易抛到了‎一边然后说‎：“我们现在需‎要把起落架‎放下来！”这是我在C‎R M压力下‎第一堂真实‎的课程。

从那之后我‎就开始在手‎术室使用这‎招了。

CRM要求‎引航员/外科医生鼓‎励他人站出‎来说话。

这更要求当‎建议来自反‎方时，医生不会有‎可能阻止从‎属医生再次‎提出建议的‎过激反应。

所以呢，当我在手术‎室的时候，我从他人那‎里获取想法‎和帮助。

有时候他们‎不愿意站出‎来说话，但是我希望‎如果我继续‎鼓励他们，有一天某个‎人会组织我‎把起落架收‎起来。

第二篇1947年‎一群由一位‎澳大利亚管‎理者率领的‎来自艺术世‎界的名人决‎定在爱丁堡‎举办一场国‎际化的音乐‎、舞蹈和喜剧‎盛会。

在第二次世‎界大战之后‎，这个主意重‎组了欧洲。

“Fring‎e”这个单词作‎为官方节日‎的挑战出现‎了。

1947年‎，在每个人都‎有表在同一时间‎，演的权‎力的信念促‎使下，八个戏剧团‎没有被邀请‎，在一间废弃‎了很多年的‎屋子里他们‎也是这么做‎的。