指南录后序 文天祥

文天祥《指南录后序》英译英译：On February 19, the second year of De You, I was appointed as the Right Prime Minister and concurrently the Minister of Military Affairs, with the rank of Commander-in-Chief of all the troops. At that time, the troops of the Yuan Dynasty had already approached the gate of Lin'an, and it was too late to take any measures such as fighting, defending the city, or moving the capital. Scholars, officials, and gentry all gathered at the Prime Minister's residence of the Left Prime Minister, but no one knew what to do. At that time, messengers of the Yuan Dynasty were traveling back and forth, and the Yuan Dynasty invited the person in charge of the government to meet them. Everyone thought that if I went, it might ease the disaster. Since the situation had reached such a point, I could not care about myself. I thought that the Yuan Dynasty might still be moved by words. At first, when envoys were sent to and from the Yuan Dynasty, none of them were detained in the north. I wanted to take this opportunity to find out the real situation of the Yuan Dynasty and then come back to seek a way to save the country. So I resigned from the position of Prime Minister and declined the appointment. The next day, I went to the Yuan Dynasty as the Minister of the Palace Academy.When I first arrived at the Yuan camp, I argued passionately and forcefully, causing quite a stir among the Yuan officials. The Yuan Dynasty did not dare to underestimate our country immediately. Unfortunately, Lu Shimei had already slandered me before, and Jia Yvqin had also flattered the Yuan Dynasty. As a result, I was imprisoned and could not return home, and the affairs of the country became even more hopeless. I thought that I could not escape, so I went straight to the Yuan general and scolded him for breaking his promise. I listed the crimes of Lu Shimei and his nephew as traitors. I only wished to die and did not care about personal safety. The Yuan officials treated me with respect on the surface, but were actually very angry. The two important officials of the Yuan Dynasty, who were in charge of entertaining the envoys, surrounded my residence at night with their troops, preventing me from returning home. Not long after, Jia Yvqin and others went to theYuan camp as envoys. The Yuan Dynasty forced me to go with them, but I was not included in the list of envoys. I should have committed suicide, but I still endured it and went. As the ancients said, "I am going to do something." When I arrived at Jingkou, I found an opportunity to escape to Zhenzhou. I immediately reported the true situation of the Yuan Dynasty to the governors of the Eastern and Western circuits and made an appointment with them to launch a large-scale counterattack. Perhaps this was the chance for the restoration of the country. I stayed for two days, but the commander of Yangzhou issued an order to expel me. I had no choice but to change my name, hide my identity, travel on foot, and sleep outdoors. Every day, I moved around with the Yuan cavalry in the area between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. I was hungry, thirsty, and had nowhere to turn, but the pursuit and arrest by the Yuan troops was urgent. The sky was high and the earth was vast, and my cries for help were useless. Later, I found a small boat and avoided the sandbars where the Yuan troops were stationed. I escaped from the mouth of the Yangtze River, crossed the North Sea, and then crossed the Yangtze River again. I entered Suzhou Gulf, traveled through Siming and Tiantai, and finally arrived in Yongjia.Alas! I have been close to death many times. It would have been worthy to die for denouncing the Yuan general; it would have been worthy to die for cursing the traitors; it would have been worthy to die for arguing with the high officials of the Yuan Dynasty for twenty days; it would have been worthy to die for attempting to assassinate the Yuan general at Jingkou; it would have been worthy to die for passing by the Yuan ships for more than ten miles; it would have been worthy to die for being discovered by the scout ships of the Yuan Dynasty and almost being killed; it would have been worthy to die for being expelled from Zhenzhou and forced to wander aimlessly; it would have been worthy to die for passing by Yangzhou and encountering the sentries of the Yuan Dynasty; it would have been worthy to die for nearly falling into the hands of the bandits at Guigongtang; it would have been worthy to die for being pursued by the guards of the Yuan Dynasty; it would have been worthy to die for getting lost in the night and nearly being drowned; it would have been worthy to die for being stopped by the Yuan officials at Gaoting andalmost being arrested; it would have been worthy to die for traveling on a small boat on the rough sea; it would have been worthy to die for fearing being innocent and killed; it would have been worthy to die for traveling three hundred miles between Hai'an and Rugao, where the Yuan troops passed back and forth every day. In short, I was in constant danger of death. In the end, I managed to escape death, but the dangers and hardships I went through were beyond human endurance. When I think about it, I feel extremely painful. How painful it is!While in trouble, I sometimes wrote poems to record what had happened to me.I have kept these poems and would not give them up. I copied them during my journey. When I was sent to the Yuan camp, I wrote one volume at the north gate of Jingkou; after leaving the north gate of Jingkou and passing through Wumen, Piling, Guazhou, and Yangzhou, and returning to Jingkou, I wrote another volume; after leaving Jingkou and traveling to Zhenzhou, Yangzhou, Gaoyou, Taizhou, and Tongzhou, I wrote another volume; after traveling by sea to Yongjia and Sishan, I wrote another volume. I plan to keep these volumes at home so that future generations can read them and understand my intentions.Alas! I am fortunate to have survived, but what is the point of surviving? As a subject, if the monarch is humiliated, the subject should die even if he is innocent. As a son, if the father is dead, the son should die even if he is innocent. How can I let myself rot like grass and trees and not be able to clear my name before my ancestors? Now, it is not a pity for me to die, but I regret that I have not expressed myself through writing before, so that those who will know me a thousand years from now can only learn about me from this article. In the summer of the same year, the reigning title was changed to Jingyan, and I wrote this preface for my collection of poems, titled "A Record of my Travels in the South."文天祥《指南录后序》原文如下：德祐二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

指南录后序(文天祥)(2)原文唉！我到达死亡的境地不知有多少次了！痛骂元军统帅该当死；辱骂叛国贼该当死；与元军头目相处二十天，争论是非曲直，多次该当死；离开京口，带着匕首以防意外，几次想要自杀死；经过元军兵舰停泊的地方十多里，被巡逻船只搜寻，几乎投江喂鱼而死；真州守将把我逐出城门外，几乎走投无路而死；到扬州，路过瓜洲扬子桥，假使遇上元军哨兵，也不会不死；扬州城下，进退两难，几乎等于送死；坐在桂公塘的土围中，元军数千骑兵从门前经过，几乎落到敌人手中而死；在贾家庄几乎被巡察兵凌辱逼迫而死；夜晚奔向高邮，迷失道路，几乎陷入沼泽而死；天亮时，到竹林中躲避哨兵，巡逻的骑兵有好几十，几乎无处逃避而死；到了高邮，制置使官署的通缉令下达，几乎被捕而死；经过城子河，在乱尸中出入，我乘的船和敌方哨船一前一后行进，几乎不期而遇被杀死；到海陵，去高沙，常担心没有罪过而死；经过海安、如皋，总计三百里，元兵与盗贼往来其间，没有一天不可能死；到通州，几乎由于不被收留而死；靠了一条小船渡过惊涛骇浪，实在无可奈何，对于死本已置之度外了！唉！死和生，不过是昼夜之间的事罢了，死就死了，可是像我这样境界险恶，坏事层叠交错涌现，实在不是人世间所能忍受的。

痛苦过去以后，再去追思当时的痛苦，那是何等的悲痛啊！我在患难中，间或用诗记述个人的遭遇，保存着那些底稿，不忍心废弃，在逃亡路上亲手抄录。

将出使元营，被扣留在北门外的，作为一卷；从北门外出发，经过吴门、毗陵，渡过瓜洲，又回到京口的，作为一卷；逃出京口，奔往真州、扬州、高邮、泰州、通州的，作为一卷；从海路到永嘉、来三山的，作为一卷。

我将把这诗稿收藏在家中，使后来的人读了它，为我的志向而悲叹。

唉！我能死里逃生算是幸运了，可幸运地活下来要干什么呢？要求做一个忠臣，国君受到侮辱，做臣子的即使死了也还是有罪的；要求做一个孝子，用父母给予的身体去做危险的事，即使死了也有罪责。

将要向国君请罪，国君不答应；向母亲请罪，母亲不答应；我只好向祖先的坟墓请罪。

《指南录》后序文天祥【作者介绍】文天祥(1236——1282)，字宋瑞，又字履善，别号文山，吉州庐陵(今江西省吉安县)人。

宋末杰出的民族英雄、爱国诗人。

宋理宗开庆元年(1259)，元兵攻宋，宦官董宋臣劝理宗迁都，朝臣不敢说话，时任礼部郎官的文天祥力主抗敌，上书请斩董宋臣以安人心，并提出防御之策，但未被采纳，他便弃官归家。

后来担任湖南提刑、知赣州等地方官。

德祐元年(1275)，元军进逼愈急。

文天祥拿出全部家产充当军费，在赣州组织军队，前往保卫南宋首都临安，被任命知平江府(今江苏省苏州市一带)。

文天祥临行时，上书请斩亲元的兵部尚书吕师孟以振作士气，并提出分天下为四镇(四个战略区)合力抗元的策略，都没有结果。

德祐二年(1276)正月，命文天祥知临安府(今浙江省杭州市)，担负保卫京师的责任。

不久，元军攻占临安城北的高(一作“皋”)亭山。

正月二十日，文天祥被派往元营议和，元军扣留了他，在被送往大都(今北京市)途中，到镇江脱身逃回温州，辅佐端宗赵昰(xià)力图恢复，继续抵抗南下的元军。

1278年12月，在广东省海丰县的五岭坡战败被俘。

元将张弘范逼文天祥写信招降驻守厓山(宋军的最后一个据点)的张世杰，他写了自己的诗作《过零丁洋》给他。

诗的最后两句是：“人生自古谁无死?留取丹心照汗青”。

这就是他对劝降者的回答，也是他舍生卫国的赤胆忠心的写照。

文天祥被解往大都时，先后两次自杀、绝食不死，元世祖忽必烈百计劝降，他始终坚贞不屈，最后于1282年12月9日从容就义。

文天祥的著作有《文山先生全集》20卷。

【解题】本文选自《文山先生全集》，有删节。

《指南录》，是文天祥的诗集。

他用诗记述出使北营与敌抗争的情况和南归途中的艰险历程。

“指南”，比喻象磁针那样永远指向南方，绝不改变，借以表达作者冒死奔向南宋决不向来自北方的元军屈服的思想感情。

他的诗句“臣心一片磁针石，不指南方不肯休”(《扬子江》)，就道出了《指南录》取名的意义所在。

指南录后序原文及译文指南录后序第一段原文及译文德佑二年二月十九日，予除右丞相兼枢密使，都督诸路军马。

时北兵已迫修门外，战、守、迁皆不及施。

缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府，莫知计所出。

会使辙交驰，北邀当国者相见，众谓予一行为可以纾祸。

国事至此，予不得爱身;意北亦尚可以口舌动也。

初，奉使往来，无留北者，予更欲一觇北，归而求救国之策。

于是辞相印不拜，翌日，以资政殿学士行。

翻译:德佑二年二月十九日，我被任命为右丞相兼枢密使，统一指挥各路兵马。

这时元军已迫近都门外，不论是迎战、防守或迁都，都已经来不及安排。

大小官员聚集在左丞相的衙门里，都想不出办法来。

当时（双方有）使者车马往来频繁，元军方面约邀（我国）当权的人相见，大家认为我去一趟就可以缓解国家的祸患。

国家事态到了这地步，我不能（只顾）爱惜自己;（而且）估计元军方面还是可以用言语说动的。

以前，（我们的）使者往来，没有被扣留在北方的，（同时）我更想探察一下元军方面的情况，回来好寻求救国的办法。

于是未接受丞相的印信不就任，第二天，以资政殿学士.（的身份）前往。

指南录后序第二段原文及译文初至北营，抗辞慷慨，上下颇惊动，北亦未敢遽轻吾国。

不幸吕师孟构恶于前，贾余庆献谄于后，予羁縻不得还，国事遂不可收拾。

予自度不得脱，则直前诟虏帅失信，数吕师孟叔侄为逆，但欲求死，不复顾利害。

北虽貌敬，实则愤怒，二贵酋名曰“馆伴”，夜则以兵围所寓舍，而予不得归矣。

翻译:刚到元军军营（的时候），我慷慨陈辞，（他们）上上下下都很震惊。

他们也不敢马上就轻视我国。

不幸的是先有吕师孟干坏事，后来有贾余庆（向对方）讨好献媚，我（才）被拘留不能回还。

国家的事情被弄到了不可收拾的地步。

我自己估计不能脱身，就当面责骂元军统帅不守信用，揭露吕师孟叔侄二人叛国（的罪行）。

（我）只想求死，不再顾念（个人的）安危。

元军方面虽然表面上尊敬我，实际上（对我）很愤怒。

（派来）两个高级头目，名义上是招待使臣的人，夜里却用兵包围我的住所，我就不能回国了。