上海市长宁、嘉定区2014届高三下学期4月二模考试生物试题 Word版含答案

一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题，考生必须在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1.函数xxy -+=11log 2的定义域是 ．2.函数x x y 22sin cos -=的最小正周期=T ．3.已知全集R U =，集合{}|0,R A x x a x =+≥∈，{}||1|3,R B x x x =-≤∈．若U ()[2,4]C A B =-，则实数a 的取值范围是 ．4.已知等差数列{}*(N )n a n ∈的公差为3，11-=a ，前n 项和为n S ，则nnn S na ∞→lim的数值是 ．【答案】25.函数)1,0(|log |)(≠>=a a x x f a 且的单调递增区间是 ．6.函数)0()(2≤-=x x x f 的反函数是)(1x f-，则反函数的解析式是=-)(1x f ．7.方程1)34(log 2+=-x x的解=x .考点：解对数方程．8.在ABC ∆中，角C B A 、、所对的边的长度分别为c b a 、、，且ab c b a 3222=-+， 则=∠C .9.已知i (i 11-=x 是虚数单位，以下同)是关于x 的实系数一元二次方程02=++b ax x 的一个根，则实数=a ，=b ．10.若用一个平面去截球体，所得截面圆的面积为16π，球心到该截面的距离是3，则这个球的表面积是 ．11.已知向量)1,0()4,3(-=-=b a，，则向量在向量的方向上的投影是 ． 【答案】4 【解析】试题分析：向量在向量的方向上的投影是40a b b⋅==．考点：向量的投影．12.直线l 的参数方程是12,(R,2x t t y t=-+⎧∈⎨=-⎩t 是参数)，则直线l 的一个方向向量是 ．(答案不唯一)13.某个不透明的袋中装有除颜色外其它特征完全相同的8个乒乓球(其中3个是白色球，5个是黄色球)，小李同学从袋中一个一个地摸乒乓球(每次摸出球后不放回)，当摸到的球是黄球时停止摸球．用随机变量ξ表示小李同学首先摸到黄色乒乓球时的摸球次数，则随机变量ξ的数学期望值=ξE．14.已知函数)(x f y =是定义域为R 的偶函数. 当0≥x 时，⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥<≤⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=2log 20,21)(16x x x x f x．若关于x 的方程2[()]()0f x a f x b +⋅+=(R)a b ∈、有且只有7个不同实数根，则实数a 的取值范围是 ． 【答案】524a -<<- 【解析】二、选择题：本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.15.已知R a b ∈、，且0ab ≠，则下列结论恒成立的是 ( )．A ． ab b a 2≥+B ．2≥+a b b a C ．2||≥+abb a D ．222a b ab +>16.已知空间直线l 不在平面α内，则“直线l 上有两个点到平面α的距离相等”是“α||l ”的 ( )．A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．非充分非必要条件 【答案】B 【解析】17.已知22R,0a b a b ∈+≠、，则直线0=+by ax l ：与圆：022=+++by ax y x 的位置关系是( )．A ．相交B ．相切C ．相离D ．不能确定18.给出下列命题：(1)已知事件B A 、是互斥事件，若35.0)(,25.0)(==B P A P ，则60.0)(=B A P ； (2)已知事件B A 、是互相独立事件，若60.0)(,15.0)(==B P A P ，则51.0)(=B A P (A 表示事件A 的对立事件)； (3)183)1(xx +的二项展开式中，共有4个有理项．则其中真命题的序号是 ( ) A ．(1)、(2)． B ．(1)、(3)． C ．(2)、(3)． D ．(1)、(2)、(3)．数倍，由此0,6,12,18k =共4个数，即展开式中只有4个有理项，正确.选D. 考点：互斥事件的概率，互相独立事件的概率，二项展开式的通项公式.三、解答题 （本大题共5小题，共74分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）19.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分． (理)已知直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中，0190,2,4ACB AC BC AA ∠====，D 是棱1AA 的中点．如图所示．(1)求证：1DC ⊥平面BCD ； (2)求二面角A BD C --的大小．C 1角与二面角互补或相等来求，下面就是想办法求法向量了，如平面ABD ，可设(,,)n x y z =是它的法向量，利用00n AB n AD ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩，得到220,20.x y z -+=⎧⎨=⎩，只要令1x =，就可得到一个法向量(1,1,0).试题解析：(1)按如图所示建立空间直角坐标系．由题知，可得点(0,0,0)C 、(2,0,0)A 、(0,2,0)B 、(2,0,2)D 、1(2,0,4)A 、1(0,0,4)C ．于是，1(2,0,2),(2,0,2),(2,2,2)DC DC DB =-=--=--． 可算得110,0DC DC DC DB ⋅=⋅=．因此，11,DC DC DC DB ⊥⊥． 又DCDB D =，所以，1DC BDC ⊥平面．记n 与1DC 的夹角为θ，则111cos 2||||n DC n DC θ⋅==-， 23πθ=．结合三棱柱可知，二面角A BD C --是锐角， ∴所求二面角A BD C --的大小是3π． 考点：（1）线面垂直；（2）求二面角.20.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分．已知复数12cos i,1isin ,R z x z x x =+=-∈．(1)求||21z z -的最小值；(2)设21z z z ⋅=，记z z x f (Im Im )(=表示复数z 的虚部). 将函数)(x f 的图像上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变)，再把所得的图像向右平移2π个单位长度，得到函数)(x g 的图像. 试求函数)(x g 的解析式．12min ||1)z z -==.21.(本题满分12分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分．某通讯公司需要在三角形地带OAC 区域内建造甲、乙两种通信信号加强中转站，甲中转站建在区域BOC 内，乙中转站建在区域AOB 内．分界线OB 固定，且OB=(1百米，边界线AC始终过点B ，边界线OCOA 、满足0075,30,45A O C A OB B OC ∠=∠=∠=． 设OA x =(36x ≤≤)百米，OC y =百米.(1)试将y 表示成x 的函数，并求出函数y 的解析式；(2)当x 取何值时？整个中转站的占地面积OAC S ∆最小，并求出其面积的最小值．第21题图ABCO解得(36)2y x x =≤≤-．(2)由(1)知，(36)2y x x =≤≤-，因此，01sin 752AOCS xy ∆==142)4]42x x =-++-2≥+当且仅当422x x -=-，即4x =时，等号成立)．答：当400x =米时，整个中转站的占地面积OAC S ∆最小，最小面积是4(210+⨯平方米. 12分考点：求函数解析式，三角形的面积公式，分式函数的最值与基本不等式.22.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．已知数列{}n a 满足nn n nn n a a a a a 3,)1(,12121221+=-+==+-(*N n ∈)．(1)求753a a a 、、的值； (2)求12-n a (用含n 的式子表示)；(3) (理)记数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，求n S (用含n 的式子表示)．定n S 的最后一项n a 是项还是偶数项，这样分组才能明确. 试题解析：(1)n n n n n n a a a a a 3,)1(,12121221+=-+==+-(*N n ∈)，1211324325465376(1)0,33,14,313,112,339.a a a a a a a a a a a a ∴=+-==+==+==+==-==+=(2)由题知，有*21213(1)(N )nnn n a a n +--=+-∈．112123222325121121211225311313(1)3(1)(333)[(1)(1)(1)]3(1)3(1)n n n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a -----------⎫∴-=+-⎪-=+-⎪⎪⇒-=++++-+-++-⎬⎪-=+-⎪⎪-=+-⎭．∴*213(1)1(N )2n nn a n ---=-∈． (理)(3) ∵*213(1)1(N )2n nn a n ---=-∈， ∴*23(1)1(N )2n nn a n +-=-∈． ∴21232n n n a a -+=-． 又1231n n n S a a a a a -=+++++，01当n 为偶数时，12341()()()n n n S a a a a a a -=++++++122(32)(32)(32)n =-+-++-233322n n =⋅--．02当n 为奇数时，123421()()()n n n n S a a a a a a a --=+++++++111221223(1)(32)(32)(32)12n n n ++---=-+-++-+-11223(1)322n n n ++-=---．综上，有2*1122333,22(N )3(1)3.22n n n n n n S n n n ++⎧⋅--⎪⎪=∈⎨⎪----⎪⎩为偶数为奇数 考点：（1）数列的项；（2）数列的通项公式；（3）数列的前n 项和与分组求和.23.(本题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．(理)已知点),(y x M 是平面直角坐标系上的一个动点，点M 到直线4=x 的距离等于点M 到点(1,0)D 的距离的2倍．记动点M 的轨迹为曲线C .(1)求曲线C 的方程； (2)斜率为21的直线l 与曲线C 交于B A 、两个不同点，若直线l 不过点)23,1(P ，设直线PB PA 、的斜率分别为PB PA k k 、，求PB PA k k +的数值；(3)试问：是否存在一个定圆N ，与以动点M 为圆心，以MD 为半径的圆相内切？若存在，求出这个定圆的方程；若不存在，说明理由．试题解析：(1)由题知，有|4|x -=.化简，得曲线C 的方程：22143x y +=． (2)∵直线l 的斜率为12，且不过3(1,)2P 点， ∴可设直线l ：1(1)2y x m m =+≠且．。

2014年第二学期普陀区高三质量调研考试地理试卷有答案本试卷共11页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

全卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题，包括共同部分和选择部分。

考生注意：1．答卷前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、考号等。

2．答案必须全部涂或写在答题纸上。

所有考生应完成第一大题和第二大题的共同部分，第二大题选择部分分为A、B两组，两组试题分值相同，A组对应于考试手册中“任选模块一”，B组对应于“任选模块二”，考生任选一组答题。

一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）（一）中日钓鱼岛之争备受关注。

下列为我国钓鱼岛等高线地形图(单位：米) 。

P1. 下列有关钓鱼岛地形方面的叙述，正确的是A．中部偏南有一陡崖B．修建环岛公路单位距离造价北部比南部高C．相对高度约为250米D．山地的坡度南部小于北部2. 对于岛内气候特征的描述正确的是①冬季盛行偏北风，P地处于迎风坡，多地形雨②夏季气温较高，对流活动旺盛，多对流雨③夏秋多气旋活动，多台风雨A．①B．②③C．①③D．①②③（二）来自海底、陆岸和河流的无机盐类和有机碎屑等是海水营养物质的主要来源，其含量多少决定了生物在各海域的生长发育，即生物产率（g有机碳/m2.a）状况。

世界海洋中的原始生物产率分布图3．有关海洋原始生物产率的分布情况是A．赤道海区最低B．西风带海区和寒流流经海区最高C．暖流流经海区最高D．中低纬远离大陆的深海区最低4．地处海沟附近的甲海区，成为原始生物产率特高产区的主要原因是A．有广阔的大陆架B．寒暖流交汇使海水上下扰动C．深层海水不断上涌D．大江大河带来大量的营养物质（三）下列所示某工业部门区位要求及其所在地的地方条件比较表（“◎”号表示指向性因素，“○”号表示重要因素，“×”号表示一般因素）。

5A．水果罐头制造B．高级服装制造C．石油化工D．有色金属冶炼6．所在地拟将该工业部门作为主导产业大力培育，下列措施中不．合理的是A．利用便利交通，扩大原料进口B．发展下游产业，拓宽消费市场C．大量引进人才，提高创新能力D．分散布局企业，减小生产规模（四）下表是2001年和2011年我国五省区各种作物的生产投入比重（％)。

2023北京东城高三二模生物2023.5本试卷共11页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（选择题共30分）本部分共15题，每题2分，共30分。

在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

的是1.组成植物细胞的各种化合物对植物体的生长发育有重要作用，下列相关叙述错误．．A.自由水是植物细胞内良好的溶剂B.在叶绿素的合成中镁离子必不可少C.磷脂是构成植物细胞膜的主要成分D.糖原是植物细胞内重要的贮能物质2.H2O2溶液常用于伤口及环境消毒，会引起细菌等微生物细胞内蛋白质结构发生改变。

CAT是一种过氧化氢酶，可用于去除消毒后残余的H2O2。

关于CAT的叙述正确的是A.基本单位是氨基酸或脱氧核苷酸B.能提供分解H2O2所需的活化能C.去除残余H2O2的效果与反应温度、pH有关D.只能催化H2O2分解体现出CAT的专一性和高效性推断的是3.科研人员研究不同光照条件对柑橘生长的影响，部分检测结果见下表。

据此无法．．光照强度叶色平均叶面积（cm2）净光合速率（μmolCO2m-2·s-1）强浅绿13.6 4.33中绿20.3 4.17弱深绿28.4 3.87A.三种光照条件下柑橘叶片均能将光能转化为NADPH和ATP中的化学能B.与强光条件相比，弱光下柑橘叶片叶绿素含量虽高但CO2吸收速率较低C.随光照强度减弱，平均叶面积增大可体现出柑橘对不同光照条件的适应D.光照强度增强主要提高了柑橘叶片的真光合速率并降低了呼吸速率4.紫杉醇为脂溶性抗肿瘤药物，可影响纺锤体的正常形成。

传统游离紫杉醇药物的注射液采用蓖麻油和乙醇作为溶剂，易引起严重过敏反应。

科研人员制备出一种紫杉醇脂质体药物，利用肝肿瘤模型鼠开展研究，结果如下表。

下列分析错误的是组别对照组脂质体药物组游离药物组药物浓度（mg•kg-1）020352035肿瘤重量（g） 1.3790.6960.3910.631死亡肿瘤抑制率（％）/49.471.650.1死亡A.紫杉醇能够通过抑制细胞的有丝分裂来实现抗肿瘤作用B.紫杉醇不能通过包在脂质体的两层磷脂分子之间进行运输C.浓度为35mg·kg-1的紫杉醇脂质体药物抗肿瘤效果明显D.与游离紫杉醇药物相比，紫杉醇脂质体药物对小鼠的副作用小5.牵牛花为虫媒、两性花，有白色、红色、蓝紫色等多种花色。

2020上海嘉定区高三英语二模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress.C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting enough.B. She didn't want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students' questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D. Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her presentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesn't like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.C. He doesn't mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesn't want to go to the concert.D. It's too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good evaluation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance.C. He's getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasn't allowed to check out the book.D. He didn't get the book he needed.10. A. He can't hear Tom clearly.B. Tom's speech is too deep.C. Tom doesn't speak directly.D. Tom doesn't talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.英语学习讲义D. It probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador.B. The long history of the Ambassador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Because the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted education programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chance to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students' motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted studentsⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about ourselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, he set of feelings you have about yourself. It’s developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. (21) ________ self-knowledge, which refers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult.Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom (22) ________ they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder. They don’t necessarily care (23) ________ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However, personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, you’ll be more likely (24) ________ (depress). On the other hand, if you’re depressed, you’ll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that (25) ________ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, (26) ________ ________ people are followed up over time.A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, (27) ________ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study indicates that low self-esteem causes depression (28) ________ not vice versa.Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, there’s a (29) ________ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that (30) ________ (improve) a person’s self-esteem can make him or her feel better.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Put down the phone and live in the momentHave you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicine’s Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often.“There has been a(n) __31__ in technology as our phones have gone from just regular cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,”said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms -- __32__ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offer many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your __33__.Being __34__ too long to your phone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not __35__ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will likely follow your lead and use their own smart devicesrather than __36__ with you.“ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively __37__ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the __38__ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible not to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help __39__ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips:●Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on thephone.●Do not use your phone at night: Being on your phone late into the night can make it harderfor you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you __40__ a healthy sleep behavior.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in math Drinking coffee has benefits. __41__ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now, research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMA T, a computer adaptive test __42__ by many business schools.The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only __43__ the hidden force of scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings.“It’s not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical tasks, which was already __44__,”says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly __45__ their improved performance.”___46___, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent.Madzharov’s team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the __47__ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. They found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test.Madzharov’s team wanted to know more. Could the first group’s performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase __48__ and consequently improve performance?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on __49__ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower scent or no scent; and that __50__ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that __51__ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic.Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents can have a(n) __52__ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical __53__, including several for business.“Sense of smelling is one of our most powerful senses,”says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help __54__ employees’or occupants’experience with their environment. It’s an area of great interest and __55__.”41. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Equivalent to42. A. acquired B. required C. justified D. inquired43. A. distributes B. stimulates C. dominates D. highlights44. A. encouraging B. imposing C. conflicting D. challenging45. A. characterized by B. called for C. responsible for D. typical of46. A. In short B. By comparison C. In particular D. After all47. A. lack B., shift C. withdrawal D. presence48. A. comprehension B. alertness C. conscience D. context49. A. evidence B. definition C. symptom D. belief50. A. adaptation B. commitment C. exposure D. alternative51. A. implication B. expectation C. indication D. illustration52. A. similar B. concrete C. modified D. estimated53. A. simplification B. description C. resignation D. application54. A. enhance B. evaluate C. exploit D. prospect55. A. negotiation B. priority C. potential D. strategySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect.The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?It’s in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They are the compass（罗盘）that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. It’s just a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that it’s important we are all also held accountable for our actions.I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means I’m not competing with anyone for a shiny object; I’d rather compete with myself. It’s about becoming so uniquely different that it would be aninsult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience.If this resonates with（与……共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. It’s a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it -- not just personally, but also collectively.56. According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others’ worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kindly.57. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something58. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldn’t criticize others when they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.59. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote harmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kidsA Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,”“Types of Dinosaurs,”“My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”.An Experiment:Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data.Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”.You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen.Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consists of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a science fair.(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines.“If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way people were active over their life, it found a surprise.Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards.However, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exercise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said.But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. What’s more, the research looked only at death records, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”63. Which of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.64. According to the passage, what does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B. Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits one’s health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercising in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.65. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants’ memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain health foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, researchers saySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _____67_____ There travelers visit natural environments to fund conservation efforts or promote local economies.Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be harmful to the animals.When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _____68_____. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed.The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating.____69____ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species’ function in its community,” the researchers write.Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _____70_____ Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. High level of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for many reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze（吃草）on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official data. Overthe course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed.The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical（热带的）regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 football fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”What’s special about places like the Amazon is that they are primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity（生物多样性）. The BBC’s environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matter as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。

试卷类型：A 2023年深圳市高三年级第二次调研考试生物学本试卷共8页，21小题，满分100分。

考试用时75分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按上述要求作答无效。

4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、选择题:共16小题,共40分。

第1~12小题,每小题2分;第13~16小题,每小题4分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.2023年2月2日“世界湿地日”的主题为“湿地修复”。

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将湿地保护和修复工作纳入生态文明建设，从而推进我国湿地保护事业高质量发展。

下列叙述错误的是A.湿地被誉为地球的“肾”体现的是生物多样性的直接价值B.湿地修复选择净化能力强的多种水生植物体现了协调和自生原理C.湿地修复过程中可以依靠自然演替等机制恢复湿地的生态功能D.在湿地生态恢复过程中，建立缓冲带主要是为了减少人类的干扰2.科学家利用电镜在成纤维细胞中观察到一些形态和大小略有不同的网状结构，并集中在内质中，因此将这些结构称为内质网。

下列关于内质网的叙述正确的是A.是蛋白质的合成、加工场所以及运输通道B 由双层膜围成的管状、泡状或扁平状结构C.是一个不连续的内腔分隔的膜性管道系统D.外膜向外折叠形成凸起的称为粗面内质网3.许多药物是通过阻断酶活性而起作用的。

制药公司研发药物时首先筛选出能够阻断酶活性的化合物，然后对该化合物进行修饰，使之更为有效。

上海市长宁、嘉定区2014届高三4月第二次模拟考试数学试卷（理）2014年4月考生注意：本试卷共有23道试题，满分150分．考试时间120分钟．解答必须写在答题纸上的规定区域，写在试卷或草稿纸上的答案一律不予评分．一．填空题（本大题共有14题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．已知i 为虚数单位，计算：=-+ii23___________． 2．已知集合}1,0,1,2{--=A ，集合},01{2R ∈≤-=x x x B ，则=B A _______．3．函数2)cos (sin x x y +=的最小正周期是__________________． 4．8)1)(1(+-x x 展开式中含5x 项的系数是_________．5．某校选修篮球课程的学生中，高一学生有30名，高二学生有40名，现用分层抽样的方 法在这70名学生中抽取一个样本，已知在高一学生中抽取了6人，则在高二学生中应抽 取__________人． 6．在直角三角形ABC 中，︒=∠90C ，4=AC ，则=⋅__________． 7．对于任意),1()1,0(∞+∈ a ，函数)1(log 111)(--=x x f a 的反函数)(1x f-的图像经过的定点的坐标是______________．8．已知函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤<--≤≤=,21,)1(1,10,)(2x x x x x f 将)(x f 的图像与x 轴围成的封闭图形绕x轴旋转一周，所得旋转体的体积为___________．9．已知点),4(m P 在曲线C ：⎩⎨⎧==ty t x 4,42（t 为参数）上，则P 到曲线C 的焦点F 的距离为_______________．10．已知抛物线型拱桥的顶点距水面2米时，量得水面宽为8米．则水面升高1米后，水面宽是____________米（精确到01.0米）． 11．设随机变量ξ的概率分布律如下表所示：x0 1 2)(x P =ξ abc其中a ，b ，c 成等差数列，若随机变量ξ的的均值为34，则ξ的方差为___________． 12．若不等式2||≤+a x 在]2,1[∈x 时恒成立，则实数a 的取值范围是__________． 13．设⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=x n x f n 2πsin )(（*N ∈n ），若△ABC 的内角A 满足 ++)()(21A f A f0)(2014=+A f ，则=+A A cos sin ____________．14．定义函数}}{{)(x x x f ⋅=，其中}{x 表示不小于x 的最小整数，如2}4.1{=，2}3.2{-=-．当],0(n x ∈（*N ∈n ）时，函数)(x f 的值域为n A ，记集合n A 中元素的个数为n a ，则=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+++∞→n n a a a 111lim 21 ________________．二．选择题（本大题共有4题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个选项正确，考生应在答题纸相应编号上，将代表答案选项的小方格涂黑，每题选对得5分，否则一律得零分． 15．运行如图所示的程序框图，则输出的所有实数对),(y x 所对应的点都在函数……（ ）A ．1+=x y 的图像上B ．x y 2=的图像上C ．x y 2=的图像上D ．12-=x y 的图像上16．下列说法正确的是………………………………………………………………………（ ）A ．命题“若12=x ，则1=x ”的否命题是“若12=x ，则1≠x ”B ．“1-=x ”是“022=--x x ”的必要不充分条件C ．命题“若y x =，则y x sin sin =”的逆否命题是真命题D ．“1t a n =x ”是“4π=x ”的充分不必要条件17．设1F 、2F 是双曲线C ：12222=-by a x （0>a ，0>b ）的两个焦点，P 是C 上一点，若a PF PF 6||||21=+，且△21F PF 最小内角的大小为︒30，则双曲线C 的渐近线方程 是………………………………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．02=±y x B ．02=±y x C ．02=±y x D ．02=±y x 18．设函数)(x f y =的定义域为D ，若对于任意1x 、D x ∈2，当a x x 221=+时，恒有b x f x f 2)()(21=+，则称点),(b a 为函数)(x f y =图像的对称中心．研究函数 3sin )(-+=x x x f π的某一个对称中心，并利用对称中心的上述定义，可得到 ⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛20144027201440262014220141f f f f 的值为……………………（ ）A ．4027B ．4027-C ．8054D ．8054-三．解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤． 19．（本题满分12分，本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分7分．在△ABC 中，角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ，已知B p C A sin sin sin ⋅=+（R ∈p ），且241b ac =． （1）当45=p ，1=b 时，求a ，c 的值； （2）若B 为锐角，求实数p 的取值范围．20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．在如图所示的多面体中，四边形ABCD 为正方形，四边形ADPQ 是直角梯形，DP AD ⊥，⊥CD 平面ADPQ ，DP AQ AB 21==． （1）求证：⊥PQ 平面DCQ ；（2）求平面BCQ 与平面ADPQ 所成的锐二面角的大小．21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．已知椭圆Γ：12222=+by a x （0>>b a ）的右焦点为)0,22(，且椭圆Γ过点)1,3(．（1）求椭圆Γ的方程；（2）设斜率为1的直线l 与椭圆Γ交于不同两点A 、B ，以线段AB 为底边作等腰三角形PAB ，其中顶点P 的坐标为)2,3(-，求△PAB 的面积．A BC D P22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．设数列}{n a ，}{n b ，}{n c ，已知41=a ，31=b ，51=c ，n n a a =+1，21nn n c a b +=+，21n n n b a c +=+（*N ∈n ）． （1）求数列}{n n b c -的通项公式；（2）求证：对任意*N ∈n ，n n c b +为定值；（3）设n S 为数列}{n c 的前n 项和，若对任意*N ∈n ，都有]3,1[)4(∈-⋅n S p n ，求实数p 的取值范围．23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分．设a 是实数，函数|2|4)(a x f x x -+=（R ∈x ）． （1）求证：函数)(x f 不是奇函数；（2）当0≤a 时，求满足2)(a x f >的x 的取值范围；（3）求函数)(x f y =的值域（用a 表示）．上海市长宁、嘉定区2014届高三4月第二次模拟考试数学试卷（理）参考答案与评分标准2014年4月注：解答题评分标准中给出的为各小题的累计分，请阅卷老师注意．一．填空题（每小题4分，满分56分）1．i +1 2．}1,0,1{- 3．π 4．14 5．8 6．16 7．)2,1( 8．π 9．5 10．66.5 11．9512．]0,3[- 13．2 14．2二．选择题（每小题5分，满分20分） 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．D三．解答题（共5题，满分74分） 19．（本题满分12分，本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分5分，第2小题满分7分． （1）由正弦定理得，pb c a =+，所以45=+c a ， …………（2分） 又41=ac ，所以⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==41,1c a 或⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==.1,41c a …………（5分）（少一组解扣1分） （2）由余弦定理，B ac ac c a B ac c a b cos 22)(cos 22222--+=-+=，……（1分）即)cos 1(212222B b b p b +-=， …………（2分） 所以B p cos 21232+=． …………（4分）由B 是锐角，得)1,0(cos ∈B ，所以⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∈2,232p ． …………（6分） 由题意知0>p ，所以⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∈2,26p ． …………（7分）20．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．（1）由已知，DA ，DP ，DC 两两垂直，可以D 为原点，DA 、DP 、DC 所在直线分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴建立空间直角坐标系． …………（1分） 设a AB =，则)0,0,0(D ，),0,0(a C ，)0,,(a a Q ，)0,2,0(a P ，故),0,0(a DC =，)0,,(a a DQ =，)0,,(a a PQ -=， ………………（3分）因为0=⋅PQ DC ，0=⋅PQ DQ ，故PQ DC ⊥，PQ DQ ⊥，即PQ DC ⊥，PQ DQ ⊥， ………………………（5分） 所以，⊥PQ 平面DCQ ． ………………………（6分） （2）因为⊥平面ADPQ ，所以可取平面ADPQ 的一个法向量为)1,0,0(1=n， …………（1分） 点B 的坐标为),0,(a a ，则),,0(a a QB -=，),,(a a a QC --=，…………（2分） 设平面BCQ 的一个法向量为),,(2z y x n = ，则02=⋅QB n ，02=⋅QC n， 故⎩⎨⎧=+--=+-,0,0az ay ax az ay 即⎩⎨⎧=+--=+-,0,0z y x z y 取1==z y ，则0=x ，故)1,1,0(2=n． ………………………（5分）设1n 与2n 的夹角为θ，则2221||||cos 2121==⋅=n n n nθ． ………………………（7分） 所以，平面BCQ 与平面ADPQ 所成的锐二面角的大小为4π． ……………………（8分） 解法二：（1）因为⊥CD 平面PDAQ ，所以PQ CD ⊥， ………………………………（1分） 作DP QE ⊥，E 为垂足，则四边形ADEQ 是正方形，设a AB =，则a DE =，a DQ 2=，又a DP 2=，所以E 是AP 的中点，a EP =，所以a PA 2=，所以222DP PQ DQ =+，所以PQ DQ ⊥． ………………………………（5分） 所以，⊥PQ 平面DCQ ． ………………………………（6分） （2）连结CE ，由（1）知DP QE ⊥，又CD QE ⊥，所以⊥QE 平面DCP ，…（2分） 所以CE QE ⊥，所以CED ∠为所求二面角的平面角． ………………………（4分） 因为△CED 是等腰直角三角形，所以CED ∠4π=． ………………………（7分）所以，平面BCQ 与平面ADPQ 所成的锐二面角的大小为4π． …………………（8分）21．（本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分．（1）由已知得22=c ，因为椭圆Γ过点)1,3(，所以⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=+,8,1192222b a ba ………（2分） 解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==.4,1222b a …………………………………（5分）所以，椭圆Γ的方程为141222=+y x ． …………………………………（6分） （2）设直线l 的方程为m x y +=， …………………………………（1分）由⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=,1412,22y x m x y 得01236422=-++m mx x ① …………………………………（2分）因为直线l 与椭圆Γ交于不同两点A 、B ，所以△0)123(163622>--=m m ，所以162<m ． ……………………………………………………………（3分） 设),(11y x A ，),(22y x B ，则1x ，2x 是方程①的两根，所以2321mx x -=+， 设AB 的中点为),(00y x E ，则432210m x x x -=+=，400mm x y =+=， …………（4分） 因为AB 是等腰三角形PAB 的底边，所以AB PE ⊥，向量PE 是直线l 的一个法向量， 所以∥向量)1,1(-，即⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+-24,343m m ∥向量)1,1(-，所以24343-=-mm ，解得2=m ． …………………………………………（5分） 此时方程①变为0642=+x x ，解得)1,3(--A ，)2,0(B ，所以23||=AB ． 又)2,3(-P 到直线l ：02=+-y x 的距离2232|223|=+--=d ， ………（7分） 所以△PAB 的面积29||21=⋅=d AB S ． ………………………………………（8分）22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．（1）因为n n a a =+1，41=a ，所以4=n a （*N ∈n ）， …………………（１分）所以222421+=+=+=+n n n n n c c c a b ，2221+=+=+nn n n b b a c ， )(21)(2111n n n n n n b c c b b c --=-=-++， …………………………………（2分）即数列}{n n b c -是首项为2，公比为21-的等比数列， …………………………（3分）所以1212-⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-⋅=-n n n b c ． ………………………………………………………（4分）（2）解法一：4)(2111++=+++n n n n c b c b ， ……………………………………（1分） 因为811=+c b ，所以822=+c b ，833=+c b ，猜测：8=+n n c b （*N ∈n ）． ……………………………………………………（2分） 用数学归纳法证明：①当1=n 时，811=+b a ，结论成立； ………………………………………（3分）②假设当k n =（*N ∈k ）时结论成立，即8=+k k c b ，那么当1+=k n 时，84)(2111=++=+++k k k k b a b a ，即1+=k n 时结论也成立． …………………（5分） 由①，②得，当*N ∈n 时，8=+n n b a 恒成立，即n n b a +恒为定值．…………（6分）解法二：4)(2111++=+++n n n n c b c b ， ……………………………………（1分） 所以)8(2142811-+=-+=-+++n n n nn n c b c b c b ，………………………………（4分） 而0811=-+c b ，所以由上述递推关系可得，当*N ∈n 时，08=-+n n c b 恒成立，即n n b a +恒为定值．………………………………………………………………………（6分）（3）由（1）、（2）知⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⋅=-=+-1212,8n n n n n b c c b ，所以1214-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+=n n c ，…………（1分）所以⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--+=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--+=nnn n n S 2113242112114，所以⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⋅=-⋅nn p n S p 21132)4(， …………………………………………（2分）由]3,1[)4(∈-⋅n S p n 得3211321≤⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⋅≤np ，因为0211>⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--n，所以nnp ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--≤≤⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--2113322111， ……………………（3分）当n 为奇数时，n n⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--21112111随n 的增大而递增，且121110<⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--<n，当n 为偶数时，⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--21112111随n 的增大而递减，且12111>⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--，所以，n⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--2111的最大值为34，n⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--2113的最小值为2． …………………（4分）由nnp ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--≤≤⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--2113322111，得23234≤≤p ，解得32≤≤p ． …………（6分） 所以，所求实数p 的取值范围是]3,2[．23．（本题满分18分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分．（1）假设)(x f 是奇函数，那么对于一切R ∈x ，有)()(x f x f -=-，从而)0()0(f f -=-，即0)0(=f ，但是0|1|1|2|4)0(00≠-+=-+=a a f ，矛盾．所以)(x f 不是奇函数．（也可用0)1()1(≠-+f f 等证明） …………………（4分）（2）因为02>x ，04>x ，所以当0≤a 时，a x f x x -+=24)(，由2)(a x f >，得224a a x x >-+，即0)1(24>+-+a a x x ，0)12)(2(>++-a a x x ，…………（2分）因为02>-a x，所以012>++a x，即)1(2+->a x． ………………………（3分）①当01≥+a ，即01≤≤-a 时，)1(2+->a x恒成立，故x 的取值范围是R ；（4分） ②当01<+a ，即1-<a 时，由)1(2+->a x，得)]1([log 2+->a x ，故x 的取值范围是),)]1([(log 2∞++-a ． …………………………………………………（6分）（3）令xt 2=，则0>t ，原函数变成||2a t t y -+=．①若0≤a ，则a t t y -+=2在),0(∞+∈t 上是增函数，值域为),(∞+-a ．…（2分）②若0>a ，则⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>-+≤<+-=.,,0,22a t a t t a t a t t y ………………………………………（3分）对于a t ≤<0，有41212-+⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=a t y ，当210<<a 时，y 是关于t 的减函数，y 的取值范围是),[2a a ；当21≥a 时，41min -=a y ，当121<≤a 时，y 的取值范围是⎪⎭⎫⎢⎣⎡-a a ,41，当1≥a 时，y 的取值范围是⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-2,41a a ． …………………………………………（5分)对于a t >，有a t t y -+=24121--⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=a t a是关于t 的增函数，其取值范围),(2∞+a ． ……………………………………………（7分） 综上，当0≤a 时，函数)(x f y =的值域是),(∞+-a ； 当210<<a 时，函数)(x f y =的值域是),[2∞+a ； 当21≥a 时，函数)(x f y =的值域是⎪⎭⎫⎢⎣⎡∞+-,41a ． ………………………………（8分）。

上海市部分区2024届高三二模英语试题汇编完形填空2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A cure for the future in the past?For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government 41 and underfunding are forcing hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.For some, however, there are 42 . They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a 43 .Consider these case studies:Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was almost 44 , and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed 45 , but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In 46 , I started having massage sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeu tic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did47 it to some extent”.Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was 48 for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I r ead about 49 which involve the whole person rather than the individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend50 a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was51 to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more 52 lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing. I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was 53 the problem. Now I feel great!”So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine? While it is true that some infections and viruses may be 54 by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures. We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop 55 in its future. But we mustn’t forget that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.41. A. support B. restrictions C. cutbacks D. concern42. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales43. A. comeback B. living C. change D. mess44. A. unique B. uncertain C. universal D. unbearable45. A. permission B. surgery C. supervision D. strength46. A. condition B. desperation C. general D. particular47.A. protect B. recover C. relieve D. treat48.A. eager B. grateful C. famous D. responsible49. A. treatments B. sources C. spirits D. comments50. A. supervised B. declared C. recommended D. tempted51. A. contributing B. adapting C. subjecting D. objecting52. A. moderate B. active C. negative D. suitable53. A. identifying B. investigating C. estimating D. worsening54. A. prevented B. empowered C. indicated D. restored55. A. undertaking B. invading C. investing D. evolving2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Alipay, the digital payment arm of Chinese financial technology company Ant Group, is allocating more resources to roll out translation services in 16 languages, to ensure foreigners in China can use mobile payments without any hurdles.Alipay's move comes amid China's intensified efforts to further improve foreigners' payment (41) _______ in the country.Alipay has allowed foreigners in China to link their (42) _______ bank cards, including Visa and Mastercard, to its mobile payment tool, greatly streamlining(精简) the payment processes, said Zhu Xugang, director of the cross-border business at Ant Group.Users of 10 overseas e-wallets are also able to use their familiar home e-wallets on their own phones by (43) _______ Alipay QR codes, to enjoy seamless mobile payment experiences across Alipay's vast merchant network.According to Alipay, foreigners can use the app to complete payments at restaurants, hotels, scenic spots, convenience stores and supermarkets, as well as for ride-hailing, shared bikes, buses and other public (44) _______ services in China. The newly (45) _______ multilingual app includes English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian and Japanese.The mobile payment app has also (46) _______ the single transaction(交易)limit for overseas travelers using mobile payments from $1,000 to $5,000 and lifted the annual cumulative transaction limit from $10,000 to $50,000.The State Council, China's Cabinet, published a guideline on improving payment services and (47) _______ payment convenience in early March, a move to better meet the (48) _______ payment needs of the elderly and foreign visitors.Last week, the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, (49) _______ a payment guide that provides foreigners with text and graphic (50) _______ on using bank cards, cash, mobile payments and e-CNY in China, the latest step in the country's push to optimize the payment experience for foreigners.Wang Pengbo, a senior analyst at market consultancy Botong Analysys, said the intensified efforts to provide convenient payment services will not only (51) _______ improve the living and consumption experience of foreigners in China and attract more of them to the country, but also promote the healthy and sustainable development of the payment (52) _______.Wang said the move demonstrates the country's resolve to expand high-standard opening-up, (53) _______ the online payment scenarios of Alipay are wide enough, with high usage frequency. So, what it should do now is to expand the scope of foreign bank card binding and improve and simplify authentication of new users, to provide more convenient payment services to foreigners.Meanwhile, Chinese banks are taking measures to expand the (54) _______ of overseas bank cards and facilitate their use of cash in the country.Dong said more efforts are needed to expand the scenarios of various types of payment methods at tourist attractions, sporting events, transportation hubs, healthcare and beauty centers and other daily (55) _______ sites.41.A. expectations B. memorizations C. experiences D. durations42.A. international B. domestic C. interior D. commercial43.A. copying B. photographing C. sharing D. scanning44.A. transportation B. security C. education D. maintenance45.A. evolved B. launched C. specialized D. simplified46.A. decreased B. restricted C. suspended D. raised47.A. implementing B. enhancing C. administrating D. subscribing48.A. diversified B. facilitated C. digitalized D. conflicted49.A. purchased B. authorized C. released D. commercialized50.A. designs B. illustrations C. instructions D. imagery51.A. significantly B. artificially C. individually D. frequently52.A. gateway B. industry C. deadline D. term53.A. developing B. monitoring C. securing D. adding54.A. recognition B. acceptance C. regulation D. policy55.A. construction B. application C. production D. consumption2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In Favour of Simple WritingDo you edit text messages carefully before sending them? If so, you may be the kind of person who takes pride in 41 even the simplest message. If you do not, you may see yourself as a go-getter, one who values excitement and speed over42 : get it done decently now rather than perfectly later.People are constantly receiving messages, from the mailbox to the inbox to the text-message alert. What to read, what to skim (略读) and what to ignore are decisions that nearly everyone has to make dozens of times a day.A new book titled All Readers are Busy Nowadays makes the argument for being the careful kind of 43 , even in informal lines. The authors also present well-established 44 that have long been prized in guides to writing.Take “less is more”. Most books on writing well advocate the advice to 45 needless words. The authors, however, have 46 the idea. In an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey, cutting the count from 127 to 49 words almost 47the response rate.Keeping messages to a 48 idea—or as few as absolutely needed—helps ensure that they will be read, remembered and acted on. 49 the number of the available options has the same effect, too. A link in an email, 50 , attracted 50% more clicks when presented alone than when it was sent alongside a second additional link.Syntax (句法) and 51 matter, too. It is more 52 to adopt short and active sentences, with common words familiar to everyone. From Facebook posts to online-travel reviews, even brief, informal pieces of writing that follow these rules get more likes and shares.If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer, too. That may make it tempting to sent as many messages as 53 as possible and hope for the best. But from essays to text messages organizing dinner plans, devoting time to the needs of readers has provable 54 . If you are so busy that you write an undisciplined message which readers scan, ignore and delete, then you might as well have not 55 it at all.41.A. conveying B. understanding C. crafting D. sending42.A. care B. quantity C. simplicity D. technology43.A. reader B. poster C. learner D. writer44.A. structures B. principles C. aims D. alternatives45.A. remove B. ignore C. reconsider D. interpret46.A. conveyed B. translated C. tested D. shaped47.A. lowered B. affected C. doubled D. maintained48.A. basic B. positive C. definite D. single49.A. Recording B. Reducing C. Counting D. Estimating50.A. in comparison B. after all C. for instance D. in particular51.A. word-choice B. pattern-design C. target-setting D. platform-selection52.A. difficult B. suitable C. challenging D. common53.A. carefully B. often C. politely D. quickly54.A. outcomes B. points C. figures D. benefits55.A. received B. written C. read D. answered2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.City air is in a sorry state. It is dirty and hot. Outdoor pollution kills 4.2m people a year, according to the World Health Organization. Concrete and tarmac, meanwhile, absorb the sun’s rays rather than reflecting them back into space, and also __41__ plants which would otherwise cool things down by evaporative transpiration（蒸腾作用）. The never-ceasing __42__ of buildings and roads thus turns urban areas into heat islands, discomforting residents and worsening dangerous heatwaves.A possible answer to the twin problems of pollution and heat is trees. Their leaves may destroy at least some chemical pollutants and they certainly __43__ tiny particles floating in the air, which are then washed to the ground by rain. Besides transpiration, they provide __44__.To cool an area effectively, trees must be planted in quantity. Two years ago, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that American cities need 40% tree __45__ to cut urban heat back meaningfully. Unfortunately, not all cities —and especially not those now springing up in the world’s poor and middle-income countries — are __46__ with parks, private gardens or a sufficient number of street trees. And the problem is likely to get worse. At the moment, 55% of people live in cities. By 2050 that share is expected to reach 68%.One group of botanists believe they have at least a partial __47__ to this lack of urban vegetation. It is to plant miniature simulacra（模拟物）of natural forests, ecologically engineered for rapid growth. Over the course of a career that began in the 1950s, their leader, Miyawaki Akira, a plant ecologist at Yokohama National University in Japan, has developed a way to do this starting with even the most __48__ deserted areas. And the Miyawaki method is finding increasing __49__ around the world.Dr Miyawaki’s insight was to deconstruct and rebui ld the process of ecological succession, by which __50__ land develops naturally into mature forest. Usually, the first arrival is grass, followed by small trees and, finally, larger ones. The Miyawaki method __51__ some of the early phases and jumps directly to planting the kinds of species found in a mature wood.Dr Miyawaki has __52__ the planting of more than 1,500 of these miniature forests, first in Japan, then in other parts of the world. Wherever they are planting, though, gardeners are not restrict ed to __53__ nature’s recipe book to the letter. Miyawaki forests can be customized to local requirements. A popular choice, __54__, is to include more fruit trees than a natural forest might support, thus creating an orchard that requires no maintenance.If your goal is to better your __55__ surroundings, rather than to save the planet from global warming, then Dr Miyawaki might well be your man.41. A. thrive B. nourish C. displace D. raise42. A. assessment B. maintenance C. spread D. replacement43. A. release B. trap C. reflect D. dissolve44. A. attraction B. shadow C. interaction D. shade45. A. consumption B. coverage C. interval D. conservation46. A. blessed B. lined C. piled D. fascinated47. A. treatment B. obstacle C. warning D. solution48. A. unnoticed B. unpromising C. untested D. unfading49. A. criticism B. favor C. sponsor D. anxiety50. A. bare B. graceful C. faint D. mysterious51. A. highlights B. skips C. improves D. pushes52. A. accessed B. spotted C. supervised D. ranked53. A. disturbing B. balancing C. following D. reducing54. A. for example B. in essence C. on the other hand D. after all55. A. suburban B. leisure C. scenic D. immediate2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone who has ever witnessed the miracle in which infants progress from mewling to “Mama” to “Mine!” knows how critical it is for youngsters to hear normally before they speak their first words. __41__, many children who don’t talk by age two turn out to be deaf. The sooner their disability is discovered and __42__, the less likely they are to fall behind in the development of important language and social skills. That is why a growing number of hearing specialists (audiologists) and parents are campaigning for __43__ screening of newborns for hearing loss.Their __44__ has registered in some powerful ears. To date, 22 states have passed legislation requiring at least partial screening programs. Part of the push stems from __45__ in technology that, among other things, allow children as young as two months to be __46__ hearing aids. But there are limits to the technology. One thing parents should realize before they start is that the screening tests are far from __47__. A bad result doesn’t necessarily indicate a problem.Audiologists estimate that 3 out of every 1,000 babies are born with some kind of hearing loss. Of those three infants, one is profoundly deaf. About half the time, doctors can identify a possible cause, such as a birth weight less than 5 pounds, or a family history of __48__. The rest of the time there is simply no __49__ as to why a newborn’s hearing may have been affected.The screening tests work by introducing a sound into a baby’s ear and then measuring either the __50__ of the ear’s i nternal mechanisms or the electrical activity of the auditory portion of the brain (the auditory brain-stem response test). Just because a baby fails either test, __51__, does not mean that there is a hearing problem. A temporary buildup of fluid in the ear canal or excessive noise in the nursery can __52__ the results. For this reason, experts say, hospitals should __53__ the screening tests for any baby who doesn’t pass the first time before telling the parents to consult an audiologist for more thorough testing.It is at this stage that things get a bit __54__. Though 20 of every 1,000 babies fail the two-step screen, most prove on further examination to be just fine. Is it worth __55__ 17 families of perfectly normal children - not to mention asking them to spend several hundred dollars on advanced tests - to identify three infants with hearing loss?41. A. Indeed B. Meanwhile C. Occasionally D. Surprisingly42. A. reported B. accepted C. treated D. tested43. A. legal B. random C. further D. compulsory44. A. charge B. complaint C. appeal D. pursuit45. A. procedures B. advances C. practices D. insights46. A. fitted with B. provided with C. entitled to D. attached to47. A. reasonable B. imaginable C. reliable D. predictable48. A. disorder B. blindness C. obesity D. deafness49. A. solution B. clue C. reflection D. doubt50. A. response B. volume C. capacity D. activity51. A. however B. therefore C. for example D. after all52. A. prove B. produce C. match D. affect53. A. stop B. review C. repeat D. improve54. A. shocking B. distracting C. unpredictable D. complicated55. A. worrying B. classifying C. engaging D. prompting参考答案2024届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷41-45 C B A D B 46-50 B C D A C 51-55 A B D A C2024届上海市徐汇区高三二模考试英语试题41-45 CADAB 46-50 DBACC 51-55 ABDBD2024届上海市上海市闵行区高三二模英语试题41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. D 49.B 50. C 51.A 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. B2024届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 CCBDB 46-50 ADBBA 51-55 BCCAD2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题41-45 ACDCB 46-50 ACDBA 51-55 ADCDA。

青浦区 2020 学年高二年级第二次学业质量调研测试生命科学学科试卷（时间60 分钟，满分100 分）2021.04 考试须知：1．答题前，请将你的姓名及准考证号认真填写在试卷和答题纸上。

2．本试卷共 8 页，满分为 100 分。

考试时间为 60 分钟。

3．所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸的相应位置上。

一、选择题（40 分）1．低倍镜观察蚕豆叶下表皮时,某同学看到物象如图1所示，下列叙述正确的是（）A．由甲→丙，需向左移动装片B．由乙→丙，需缩小光圈C．由丁→丙，需调节准焦螺旋D．如要测量丙图细胞长度，需使用物镜测微尺图12．同位素标记法可用于研究物质的组成，以下各组物质均能用15N 标记的是（）A．核糖核酸和氨基酸B．脂肪和脱氧核糖核酸C．葡萄糖和氨基酸D．脱氧核糖核酸和淀粉3．痢疾内变形虫能分泌蛋白酶，溶解人的肠壁组织，再通过胞吞作用“吃掉”肠壁组织细胞，引发阿米巴痢疾。

以下关于痢疾内A．属于真核生物B．通过主动运输方式分泌蛋白分解酶C．“吃掉”肠壁组织细胞与溶酶体作用有关D．“吃掉”肠壁组织细胞的过程体现细胞膜的流动性4．下列能使A DP 含量增加的是（）A．萎蔫的菜叶放在清水中B．水分从叶片气孔中散失C．氨基酸+氨基酸→二肽D．氧气进入肺泡细胞中5．为了验证猪笼草分泌液中有蛋白酶，某学生设计了如图所示的实验。

在35℃水浴中保温一段时间后，出现的现象是（）A．甲蛋白块消失B．乙蛋白块消失C．加入双缩脲试剂甲溶液不变紫D．加入苏丹III 染液乙溶液变紫色6．容量性渴觉（HT）是指有效循环血量降低引起的渴觉。

有关H T 的图 5图 3图 6图 2相关．的是（ ） A ．引起 A DH 分泌减少B ．引起肾小管重吸收水增多C ．机体主动饮水D ．HT 发生时伴有血压下降7．将新鲜的洋葱外表皮细胞放入有少量蓝墨水（色素分子不能进入活细胞）、浓度为 30%的蔗糖溶液中。

一段时间后在显微镜下观察，细胞的状态如图 3 所示，此时部位①②③的颜色分别是（ ）A ．①无色②无色③紫色B ．①蓝色②绿色③紫色C ．①蓝色②无色③紫色D ．①蓝色②蓝色③蓝色8．一运动员正在进行长跑锻炼，从她的大腿肌细胞中检测到 3 种化学物质，其浓度变化如图 4。

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.No Filming at Concerts and Movie Theaters on Phones “Please, no flash photography.”Polite requests like this can be found in museums all over the world, but they generally don’t discourage people from taking photos of ____21____ they feel like. The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least.The patent, ____23____ (award) to Apple today, outlines a system which would allow venues, like concert halls or theaters, to use an infrared emitter (红外发射器) to remotely disable the camera function on smartphones. According to the patent, infrared beams could be picked up by the camera, and interpreted by thesmartphone as a command ____24____ (block) the user from taking any photos or videos.Many musicians and performers have banned cellphones from their shows ____25____ they object to the free footage circulating around the web. ____26____ this, images still manage to leak out. Prince’s last concert before he passed away in April was supposed to be cellphone-free—it apparently wasn’t. If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening.But the patent also raises questions about the sort of power that this technology would be handing over to ____28____ with more immoral intentions.Given the company’s rigid support of personal privacy when it comes to police requests to break into users’ devices, it’s possible that Apple just ____29____ (patent) the technology so that no one else will use it. But who knows, if it does intend to introduce this feature to future operating systems, sales of camcorders, or even GoPros, could get a much-needed boost, as people try to avoid _____30_____ (use) the prohibitive software.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from thebox. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. chaosB. consumeC. plentifulD. dischargeE. evolutionarilyF. extentG. freezeH. mechanismI. novelJ. subsequentlyK. unstable Science in ImagesOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by othermeat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___ compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and ___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or c onsume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some re ally amazing work with them.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are fourwords or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the middle of 2023, a study conducted by the HuthLab at the University of Texas sent shockwaves through the fields of neuroscience (神经科学) and technology. For the first time, the thoughts and impressions of people ___41___ to communicate with the outside world were translated into continuous natural language, using a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and brain imaging technology. This is the closest science has yet come to ___42___ someone’s mind.Losing the ability to communicate is a deep cut to one’s sen se of self. ___43___ this ability gives the patient greater control over their lives. But it could also give other entities, such as corporations, researchers and other third parties, a(n) ___44___ degree of insight into, or even control over, the lives of patients. The NeuroRights Foundation, based at Columbia University in New York, argues that new rights surrounding neurotechnologies will be ___45___ for all humans to preserve their privacy, identity, and free will. The potential ___46___ of disabled patients makes this a particularly important problem.___47___ this approach, Chile was the first country that adopted legislation, drafting new laws, to address the risks ofneurotechnology. It not only introduced a new constitutional right to mental ___48___, but is also in the process of adopting a bill that bans selling neurodata, and forces all neurotech devices to be regulated as medical devices, even those intended for the general consumer.The proposed legislation recognizes the intensely ___49___ nature of neural data and considers it as organ tissues, which cannot be bought or sold, only donated. But this legislation has also faced ____50____, with legal scholars questioning the need for new rights and pointing out that it could discourage beneficial brain research for disabled patients.While the legal action taken by Chile is the most impactful and ____51____ to date, other countries are considering updating existing laws to face the new developments in neurotechnologies. And while it is likely that the first applications of neurotech will be medical, future ____52____ are likely to involve consumer applications such as entertainment, as well as for military and security purposes. The growing ____53____ of neurotechnology in a commercial context only causes more legal concerns.Different people, societies, and cultures will disagree on where to draw the line. We are at a(n) ____54____ stage of technological development. And as we begin to uncover the great potential ofbrain science, the need to consider their implications for legal action becomes more ____55____.41. A. eager B. ready C. unwilling D. unable42. A. clearing B. occupying C. changing D. reading43. A. Reducing B. Restricting C. Restoring D. Requiring44. A. irrelevant B. uncomfortable C. negligible D. supportive45. A. needed B. limited C. controlled D. denied46. A. application B. weakness C. impact D. significance47. A. In comparison with B. In line with C. At the conclusion of D. At the cost of48. A. integrity B. condition C. disorder D. function49. A. group B. general C. physical D. personal50. A. interaction B. chance C. criticism D. defence51. A. far-reaching B. labor-saving C. short-sighted D. ill-timed52. A. advances B. arrangements C. requirements D. policies53. A. confidence B. availability C. membership D. movement54. A. mature B. initial C. different D. final55. A. diversified B. genuine C. pressing D. specialSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think I was a good person. I was caring to my friends, my partner, my family; I gave to charity and I volunteered. But when I started training to become a therapist (治疗师), I began to understand that however much we might like to think of ourselves as good people, we don’t actually know ourselves very well. I learned about how we might, without consciously realizing it, deny the feelings and motivations we consider to be bad, pushing them down into our unconscious and projecting them out on to others, so they become the bad people. I learned that deep in the human mind, alongside love and kindness, run currents of anger, need, greed, envy, destructiveness, superiority—whether we want to acknowledge them or not.It was 22-year-old Boru who taught me what it really means to be a good grown up. We first spoke two years ago. He was unemployed, living with his parents, watching his friends’ lives progress. A good grown-up, he told me, is “someone who has his ducks in a row”—and that wasn’t him.I also didn’t feel like the competent, confident grown-up I thought I should be—and neither did most of the adults I knew. Iresearched statistics about people hitting the traditional landmarks of adulthood later and later, if at all—from buying a home to getting married or starting a family. I recognized what made me feel like a bad grown-up: that I’ll sit with a broken fridge rather than call an engineer to repair it.Then I saw Boru again. He told me how, over two years, he’d found a job he loves, rented a flat with a friend. He’s now cycling round the world, having adventures that will keep him strong for the rest of his life. So what changed “You start to have those conversations with yourself, and you become more of an honest person. I don’t feel like I’m hiding from anything anymore, because I’m not hiding from myself.”I think growing up must involve finding your own way to have those conversations. Boru does it on his bike, I do it in psychoanalysis, others I spoke to do it while cooking or playing music. That, for Boru, and for me, is what it means to “have his ducks in a row”.56. What does the first paragraph imply about understanding ourselvesA. Recognizing our positive traits is enough for growth.B. Our understanding of our motives and feelings is accurate.C. True self-awareness means accepting both good and bad sides.D. Ignoring our negative traits does not affect our self-perception.57. What critical lesson did the author learn from Boru about beinga good grown-upA. It involves having a clear career path and financial stability.B. It requires constant self-improvement and education.C. It means being employed and living independently.D. It is like a journey of self-discovery and honesty.58. What does the author identify as a reason for feeling like an inadequate adultA. Escaping basic responsibilities.B. Delaying reaching traditional life milestones.C. Comparing personal achievements to others.D. Investigating changing patterns of adult life.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passageA. Why Hide HarmsB. How to Be Better AdultsC. Why Growing up MattersD. How to Have Effective Conversations(B)Guided Desert AdventureTypical desert activities like sandboarding, dune bashing and quad bikingWith this tour, you’ll have half a day of adventure activities in the desert.You’ll start your tour b y driving to a scenic spot on the top of a tall sand dune (沙丘) for a chance to take photos of the area. On top of a sand dune, you’ll have the chance to slide down the side by sandboarding. From here, you’ll get ready for hitting some dunes in a four-wheel drive vehicle. Next, you’ll hop on a quad bike and have time to drive around the desert in the open air. Finally, you’ll have a camel ride around a small part of the desert.What’s includedPickup and drop-off20 minutes of sandboarding35 minutes of dune bashing25 minutes of quad biking10-minute camel rideWater and soft drinksA drive through a camel farmAdditional informationRequires a high level of physical fitness.Not suitable for children between 0 and 5.Children under 18 must be accompanied by an adult.Tours starting after noon include a BBQ dinner with sweets andfruits, which costs an additional US$ 45/person only.60. What kind of experiences can participants expect from this tripA. Taking a sand bathing on the top of a sand dune.B. Exploring the expansive desert freely on a camel ride.C. An exciting day adventure filled with diverse activities.D. Capturing the breathtaking desert landscape with a camera.61. How much does a group of four university students need to pay for taking the 14:00 tourA. US$ 180.B. US$ 220.C. US$ 265.D. US$ 400.62. Which of the following is most likely to be a review from a former participant of the tourA. The show was great! I highly recommend!B. It was a lot of fun and I enjoyed every minute of it.C. The place is cool, easy to find and get to with metro.D. Arrive early for tickets to avoid a long queue.(C)Pricing is managers’ biggest marketing headache. It’s where they feel the most pressure to perform and the least certain that they are doing a good job. All successful pricing efforts share two qualities: The policy combines well with the company’s overall marketing strategy, and the process is well-organized as a whole.A company’s pricing policy sends a message to the market—itgives customers an i mportant sense of a company’s philosophy. Consider Saturn Corporation (a wholly owned company of General Motors). Saturn wants to let consumers know that it is friendly and easy to do business with. Part of this concept is conveyed through initiatives such as inviting customers to the factory to see where the cars are made and sponsoring evenings at the dealership that combine a social event with training on car maintenance. But Saturn’s pricing policy sends a strong message as well. Can a friendly, trusting relationship be established with customers if a salesperson uses all the negotiating tricks in the book to try to separate them from that last $100 Of course not. Saturn has a “no hassle, no haggle” policy which removes the possibility of conflicts between dealer and potential customer. Customers have an easier time buying a car knowing that the next person in the door won’t negotiate a better deal.Of course, there are typically many participants in the pricing process: Accounting provides cost estimates; marketing communicates the pricing strategy; sales provides specific customer input; production sets supply boundaries; and finance establishes the requirements for the entire company’s financial health. Input from diverse sources is necessary. However, problems arise when the philosophy of wide participation is carried over tothe price-setting process without strong coordinating mechanisms (协调机制). For example, if the marketing department sets list prices, the salespeople negotiate discounts in the field, the legal department adjusts prices if necessary to prevent breaking the laws or contractual agreements, and the people filling orders negotiate price adjustments for delays in shipment, everybody’s best intentions usually end up bringing about less than the best results. In fact, the company may actually lose money on some orders. 63. Why is it essential for a company’s pricing policy to combine with its overall marketing strategyA. To maximize possible returns and profits.B. To maintain consistency in business operations.C. To eliminate the need for diverse sales inputs.D. To attract customers to social events and trainings.64. What does Saturn’s “no hassle, no haggle” policy (paragraph 2) most probably meanA. Saturn trains its dealers to treat customers sincerely.B. Saturn offers discounts to some loyal customers.C. Saturn cars are at least $100 cheaper than other cars.D. Saturn cars are sold at fixed, non-negotiable prices.65 What can be inferred from the wide participation in the pricing processA. Decision making requires gathering comprehensive information.B. The coordinating mechanism won’t work without a lot of input.C. Potential customers are easily upset at any stage of the process.D. The company loses money unless everyone intends for the best.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passageA. The art of coordinating pricing processesB. The best sales negotiation techniquesC Getting one step closer toward better pricingD. Maximizing profits through pricing policiesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Your Life Is Better Than You ThinkThe undeniable popularity of self-help books, wellness podcasts, and happiness workshops reflects the constant human desire to make life better. ______67______While we may have a loving family a good place to live, and a decent job, we often fail to notice those things. It’s not because we are ungrateful or stupid, but it’s because of a basic feature of our brain, known as habituation.Habituation is the tendency of neurons to fire less and less inresponse to things that are constant. You enter a room filled with roses and after a short while, you cannot detect their scent any longer; and just as you get used to the smell of fresh flowers, you also get used to a loving relationship, to a promotion, to a nice home, to a wonderful work of art. Like the front page of a daily newspaper, your brain cares about what recently changed, not about what remained the same. ______68______ You habituate to it—you fail to notice and respond to elements of your life which you previously found amazing.______69______ That is, you can suddenly start perceiving and responding to things to which you have become desensitized. The key is taking small breaks from your daily life. For example, when people return home from a long business trip, they often find their old life has “reshined.” Ordinary thi ngs suddenly seem amazing. If something is constant, we often assume (perhaps unconsciously) that it is there to stay, and as a result, we focus our attention and effort on the next thing on our list. ______70______ If it is good at its core, it may just reshine. This is why time away, however short, will enable you to perceive your life with fresh eyes—and to break up reality.A. And so, what once took your breath away becomes part of life’s furniture.B. But could it be that many of our lives are already better than we recognizeC. Habituation to the good drives you to move forward and progress.D. But if we can make the constant less so, our attention will naturally turn back to it.E. Rather than focus on how to see our life better, we need to learn to better our life.F. The good news is that you can dishabituate.IV. Summary Writing71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Ear-worms Get Stuck in Your HeadWe all get a sensation when a song, for no apparent reason, refuses to leave your head —in fact we’re no strangers to the dreaded “ear-worm.” But a new study published in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the Arts reveals a fascinating insight into ear-worms, and why some songs are better than others in sticking in our heads by investigating the actual elements of the song that make it catchy in the first place.To do this, most frequent ear-worms of the participants wereentered into a database and compared to songs that had never been reported as an ear-worm at all. The melodic features of the tunes were then analyzed, revealing that ear-worm tunes were typically those songs that have overall melodic shapes common in Western pop music. A classic example of a common contour (音调的升降曲线) pattern is heard in Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star, where the first phrase rises in pitch and the second falls. This makes the tune easy to remember and has been exploited in many other nursery rhymes, but also in pop music.In addition to the melodic shape, the other ingredient to the ear-worm formula is the unusual interval structure. The aim of this is to surpass the listener’s expectations of an average pop song, showing unexpected leaps or more repeated notes than usual. “Our findings show that you can, to some extent, predict which songs are going to get stuck in people’s heads based on the song’s melodic content,” says one of the researchers, “This could help song-writers or advertisers write a jingle (短歌) everyone will remember for days or months afterwards.”The authors conclude that studies of ear-worms can help explain how the brain works, and improve our understanding in how perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts behave in different people._______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 火山喷发是多么令人惊叹自然现象呀！(What) （汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________ _________________73. 除非提供更新鲜的内容给观众，否则视频流量就会下降。

英语试题（答案在最后）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.How did the woman finish her first part of working trin today?A.On foot.B.By taxi.C.By the light trail.2.Where does the conversation most likely take place?A.At a parking lot.B.In the elevator.C.In a Ford car.3.Why does the woman want to give up her job?A.She has to work for a long time.B.She can’t get support from others.C.She has limited career development.4.What does the woman suggest doing?A.Going to the charity concert.B.Raising money for the locals.C.Visiting the local animal shelter.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.The learning style of students.B.The safety of personal information.C.The application of AI at school.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。