法律英语赔偿条款

法律英语知识点归纳法律英语是指在法律领域中使用的英语语言和术语。

对于从事国际商法、国际仲裁、国际贸易等方面的工作人员来说，掌握法律英语是非常重要的。

本文将详细介绍一些常用的法律英语知识点。

一、法律体系及法律原则1. Common Law（普通法）：源于英国的法律制度，以判例为基础，注重司法判决的先例。

2. Civil Law（民法）：法律体系以法典为基础，强调通过法典和条例规范法律事务。

3. Statute（法令）：由立法机关制定通过的具有法律效力的规定。

4. Case Law（判例法）：法院对特定案件的判决和裁决形成的先例，对类似案件具有法律约束力。

5. Precedent（先例）：判决或裁决后的法律准则，被认为可以指导类似案件的判决。

6. Hierarchy of Laws（法律等级）：指不同法律的优先级别，一般按照宪法、法令、法律、法规、命令、条例等顺序排列。

二、合同法1. Contract（合同）：双方达成的协议，包括权利和义务。

2. Offer（提议）：要约，表明愿意与他人达成协议。

3. Acceptance（接受）：对提议的同意。

4. Consideration（对价）：作为一方履行合同义务的回报。

5. Breach of Contract（违约）：未能按照合同约定履行义务。

6. Force Majeure（不可抗力）：无法预见或控制的事件，免除违约责任。

7. Jurisdiction（管辖权）：法院对案件有管辖权的能力。

8. Damages（赔偿金）：违约方需支付给另一方的经济损失补偿。

9. Termination（终止）：合同约定的条件下，解除合同关系。

三、知识产权法1. Intellectual Property（知识产权）：由创造性思维产生的无形资产。

2. Copyright（版权）：保护个人作品的权益。

3. Patent（专利）：保护新发明的独特性和可产业化的权益。

4. Trademark（商标）：区分商品来源的标志。

A Glossary of International Agreement & Contract WordsA Glossary of International Agreement & Contract Wo rds（一）The Names of Contract & Agreement （合同与协议的名称）A copyright convention 版权公约Agency agreement 代理协议Agreement on general terms and conditions on busine ss 一般经营交易条件的协议Agreement on loan facilities up to a given amount 商定借款额协议Agreement fixing price 共同定价协议Agreement in writing 书面协议Agreement of reimbursement 偿付协议Agreement on import licensing procedure 进口许可证手续协议Agreement on reinsurance 分保协议Agreement to resell 转售协议Bilateral agreement 双边协议Bilateral trade agreement 双边贸易协议Commercial agreement 商定协定Covenant of Salt 不可背弃的盟约Compensation trade agreement 补偿贸易协定Distributorship agreement 经销协议Exclusive distributorship agreement 独家经销协议File Transfer Protocol (FIP) 文件传输协议Guarantee agreement 担保协议General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (DATT 1947) 关贸总协定Geneva Convention 日内瓦公约International trade agreement 国际贸易协议Joint venture agreement 合营企业协议Licensing agreement 许可证协议Loan agreement 货款协议Management agreement 经营管理协议Multilateral trade agreement 多边贸易协议Operating agreement 经营协议Partnership agreement 合伙契约Supply agreement 供货合同Trade agreement 贸易协定Written agreement 书面协议Ad referendum contract 暂定合同Agency contract 代理合同Barter contract 易货合同Binding contract 有约束力合同Blank form contract 空白合同Commercial contract商业合同Compensation trade contract 补偿贸易合同Cross license contract 互换许可证合同Exclusive license contract 独家许可证合同Ex contract 由于合同Export contract 出口合同Firm sales contract确定的销售合同Formal contract 正式合同Forward contract 期货合同Illegal contract 非法合同Import contract 进口合同Indirect contract 间接合同Installment contract 分期合同International trade contract 国际贸易合同Know-how license contract 专有技术许可合同Long-term contract 长期合同Non-transferable license contract 不可转让许可合同Patent license contract 专利许可合同Draw up a contract 草合同Enter into a contract签订合同Open (end) provision 暂定合同，开口合同Price convention 价格协定Prime contract 基本合同Provisional contract 暂时合同，临时合同Purchase contract 购货合同Sales contract 销售合同Simple license contract 普通许可合同Sole license contract 独家许可合同Spot contract 即期合同Sub-license contract 从属许可合同Trade market license contract 商标许可合同Transferable license contract 可转让许可合同Unilateral contract 单方承担义务的合同Contract for future delivery 远期交货合同Contract for payment of goods by installment 分期付款的买卖合同Contract for purchase 购货合同Contract for service 劳务合同Contract for the delivery of goods by installment 分批交货合同Contract for affreightment 海运合同(二) Price Clause (价格条款)Actual price 实际价格Administered price 垄断价格，控制价格Agreement price协议价格Anticipated price 预计价格Appraised price 评定价格，估价Average price 平均价格Average unit price 平均单位价格Bargain price 廉价，特价Base price基价Basic price 基价Bid price 标价Blanket price 总价格，一缆子合同Buying price 买价Cash price 现金价格Ceiling price 最高限价Closing price 收盘价格Contract price 合同价格Conventional price 常规价格Cost price 成本价格Customary price 通常价格Delivered price 含运费价格Delivery price 交货价格Existing price 现行价格Export price 出口价格Extra price 附加价格Contract of carriage 运输合同Contract of carriage by sea 海运合同Contract of engagement 雇佣合同Contract of future delivery远期交货合同Contract of guarantee保证合同，担保合同Contract of guaranty保证合同，担保合同Contract of hire 雇工合同Contract of indemnity 索赔合同Contract of insurance 保险合同Contract of international sale of goods 国际货物销售合同Contract of manpower supply 劳务合同Contract of ocean carriage 海运合同Contract of sale 销售合同Contract of transfer of technology 技术转让合同Contract award date 合同签订日期Contract bond 合同保证书Contract clause 合同条款Contract date 签约日期Contract fee 合同费Contract form 合同格式Contract law 合同法Contract notes 合同说明Contract number 合同号Contract serial 合同号Contract tax 合同税Break of contract 违反合同，违约Cancellation of contract撤销合同Execution of contract 执行合同Interpretation of contract 解释合同Performance of contract 执行合同Termination of contract 解释合同Break a contract 执行合同，履行合同Cancel a contract 合同期满，终止合同Carry out a contract 履行合同Factory price 厂价格体系Favorable price 优惠价格Final price 最后价格Firm price 固定价格Fixed price 固定价格Forward price 期货价格Free delivery price 免付运费价格Godown price 仓库价格Gross price 总价格Guaranteed price 保证价格Import price 进口价格International market price 国际市场价格Invoice price 发票价格Landed price 卸岸价格Legal price 法定价格Local price 产地价格Lump-sum price 总价Mean price 平均价格Mill net price 工厂交货价格Net price 净价格Net selling price 净销售价格Nominal price 名义价格Old price 旧价Opening price 开盘价格Original price 原价Overhead price 全价Posted/published price 牌价Present price 现行价格，市价Prevail price 现行价格Ready-money price 现金价格Realized price 实际价格Resale price 转卖价格Retail price 零售价格Selling price 售价Set price 固定价格Spot price 现货价格Standard price 标准价格Transfer price 转让价格Total price(value) 总价Unit price 单价，单位价格Wholesale price 批发价格Retail price 零售价World market price 世界市场价格Price after tax 税后价格Price bargained 成交价格Price arbitration 议价，Price at a discount 折减价格Price at duty paid 已付税价格Price at factory 厂价Price agreed upon 议定价格Price duty paid 已付税价格Price including commission 含佣金价格Price including tax 含税金价格Price lining 底价Price local 产地价格，购买地价格Price negotiated 议定价格Price of factory 厂价Price on spot 现货价格Price term 价格条件Price standard 价格标准Price tendered 投标价格Price variance 价格差异CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价格（成本，保险费加运费价）CIF & C (cost, insurance, freight and commission) 到岸价格，加佣金（成本、保险费、运费加佣金价）CIF & E (cost, insurance, freight and exchange) 到岸价格加汇费（成本，保险费，运费加汇费价）CIF & I (cost, insurance, freight and interest) 到岸价格加利息价（成本，保险费，运费加利息价）CIF & W (cost, insurance, freight and war risk) 到岸价格加战争险价（成本，保险费，运费加战争险价）CIF C & I (cost, insurance, freight, commission and i nterest) 到岸价格加佣金及利息价（成本，保险费，运费加佣金及利息价）CIF Ex ship’s hold (cost, insurance, freight ex ship’s hold) 到岸轮船舱底交货价（成本，保险费，运费至轮船舱底交货价）CIF inland waterway (cost, insurance, freight inland w aterway) 到岸价格加内河运费价（成本，保险费，运费加内河运费价）CIF Landed terms (cost, insurance, freight landed ter ms) 到岸价格加卸货费价（成本，保险费，运费加卸货费价）CIF net (cost, insurance, freight net) 到岸价格净价（成本，保险费加运费净价）CIF under ship’s tackle (cost, insurance, freight under ship’s tackle) 到岸轮船吊钩下交货价（成本，保险费，运费至轮船吊钩下交货价）CIF liner terms (cost, insurance, freight liner terms) 到岸价格，班轮条件（轮船公司所收运费含货物装卸费）CIF I & E (cost, insurance, freight, interest and excha nge) 到岸价格加利息和汇费价（成本加保险费，运费，利息和汇费价）FAS (free alongside ship) 船边交货（价格）FBH (free on board in harbor) 港口船上交货（价格）FIB (free into barge) 驳船上交货（价格）FIT (free in truck) 卡车上交货（价格）FOA (free on aircraft) 飞机上交货价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价格，船上交货价格FOB airport 飞机场上交货价格FOB destination 目的地交货价格FOB factory (work’s) 工厂交货价格FOB liner terms 离岸价格，班轮条件FOB mill 工厂交货价格FOB stowed 离岸价格，含理舱费FOB stowed and trimmed 火车上交货价格FOB trimmed 离岸价格，含平舱费FOR (free on rail) 火车上交货价格FOS (free on ship) 船上交货价格FOW (free on wagon) 火车货车上交货价格Ex aerodrome 机场交货（价格）Ex custom yard 在海关交货（价格）Ex dock (quay, wharf) 码头交货（价格）Ex factory 工厂交货（价格）Ex godown 卖方仓库交货（价格）Ex mill 工厂交货（价格）Ex pier 码头交货（价格）Ex plane 空运飞机上交货（价格）Ex rail 铁路旁交货（价格）Ex seller’s warehouse 卖方仓库交货（价格）Ex ship 目的港船上交货（价格）Ex works 工厂交货（价格）（三）Payment Clause (支付条款)Advance payment 提前支付，预付款At par value 按票面价格Cash payment 现金支付Due payment 到期付款Document against payment 付款交单Document against acceptance 承兑交单Easy payment 分期付款Exchange payment 外币付款Installment payment 分期付款Special payment 特殊结算方法Transfer payment 转让性付款Payment abroad 国外付款Payment against arrival 货到付款Payment against arrival of documents 单到付款Payment against credit 凭信用证付款Payment against document 凭单付款Payment against documents through collection 凭单托收付款Payment against presentation of shipping documents 凭运单付款Payment at sight 见票即付Payment by bill 汇票付款Payment in cash 现款支付Payment by check 支票付款Payment by draft 汇票付款Payment by installments 分期付款Payment in advance 提前付款，预付Payment on delivery交货付款Payment on demand 见票即付Payment terms 定期付款Payment voucher 支付凭证Payment forward 定金预付货款Payment upon arrival of shipping documents 单到付款Payment with letter of credit 用信用证付款Payable by installment 分期支付Payable on the installment 分期付款Payable at a definite time 定期付款Payable at a fixed date 定期付款Payable at usance 远期付款（四）Packing Clause (包装条款)Conventional export packing 通常出口包装Customary packing习惯包装Export packing 出口包装Export standard packing 出口标准包装Extra packing 特殊包装Immediate packing 直接包装Inner packing 内包装Marketing packing 销售包装Neutral packing 中性包装Outer packing 外包装Particular packing 特种包装Seaworthy packing 适合海运包装Usual packing 惯常包装Waterproof packing 防水包装Skin packaging 贴体包装Vacuum packaging 真空包装Non-returnable container 一次性包装Die cut pack 开窗包装Packing and wrapping expenses 包装费Packing cargo 包装货物Packing charges 包装费Packing cost 包装成本Packing expenses 包装费Packing list 装箱单Packing paper 包装纸Packing mark 包装标记Packing specification 装箱明细单Packing sheet 包装单Packing supply 包装用品Package 包装Nude cargo 裸包装Bulk 散装Number of packages 包装件数Bag 袋，包Barrel 枇杷桶Can/tin 听Carton 纸板箱Cask 桶，罐Case 箱Casket小箱Chest 箱Cloth bags 布袋Container 集装箱Container bag 集装箱袋Crate 木条箱Drum 铁皮圆桶Jute bag 黄麻口袋（包）Beg 小桶（30加仑以下）Sack 袋Wooden box 木箱3-ply paper bag 三层纸货Packing mark 包装标记Shipping mark 运输标记Marks of parcels 包件标记Acid-With Care 小心，酸性品London In Transit 运往伦敦Beirut Via Baghdad 经巴格达运往贝鲁特Dangerous Cargo 危险品Do Not Cast 勿掷Do Not Crush 切勿挤压Do Not Drop 切勿摔扔Do Not Stack On Top 勿放顶上Do Not Stow in Damp Place 勿放潮湿处Do Not Turn Upside Down 切勿倾倒Explosives 爆炸品Fragile 易碎物品Guard Against Damp 防潮Handle With Care 小心轻放Hazardous Goods 危险品Heave Here 从此起吊Inflammable 易燃品Keep Cool 放置冷处Keep Dry 保持干燥Keep Flat 必须平放Keep In Dry Place 存放干燥处Keep In Dark Place 避光Keep On Deck 甲板装运Keep Upright 切勿倒置No Dumping 切勿投掷Not to be laid Flat 切勿平放Not to be Tipped 勿倾倒Open Here 此处打开Open In Dark Room 暗室开启Open This End 此端打开Perishable Goods 易腐蚀品Poisonous 有毒Poison, With Care 小心，有毒Porcelain, With Care 小心，瓷器Stow Away From Boiler 切近锅炉Stow Away From Heat 切勿受热Stow In Cold Place 放置处Stow Level 必须平放Sling Here 由此起吊To Be Protected From Cold 切勿受冷To Be Protected From Heat 切勿受热Use No Hooks 勿用手钩(五) Certificate Clause（证明书条款）Acceptance certificate 验收证，验收单Delivery and acceptance certificate 交货验收证明书Exchange surrender certificate 外汇结帐单Insurance certificate 保险凭证Manufacturer’s certificate 厂商证明Mill’s certificate 工厂证明书Paymnet certificate 付款证明Plant quarantine certificate 植物检疫证书Shipping Company’s certificate 船运公司证书Work’s inspection certificate 工厂检验证明书Certificate for export 出口（检验）合格证Certificate for tax paid 纳税证明书Certificate of acceptance 验收证明书Certificate of competency 合格证书Certificate of damage 破损证书Certificate of delivery 交货证书Certificate of import license 进口许可证Certificate of incorporation 法人认可证，公司注册证Certificate of independent public surveyor 公证行证明书Certificate of inspection 检验合格证，检验证明书Certificate of loss or damage 损失或损坏证明书Certificate of loss or damage by carrier 承运人签发的损失或损坏证明书Certificate of manufacture 制造证明书Certificate of origin 产地证书，原产地证明书Certificate of quality 品质证书Certificate of quantity 数量证书Certificate of quality test 质量检验证书Certificate of receipt 收获证明书Certificate of export 出口许可证Certificate of receipt of export prepayment 预收出口货款证明书Certificate of soundness 合格证书Certificate of superintendent 检验员证明书Certificate of survey 检验证书Certificate of tare weight 皮重证明书Certificate of weight 重量证书Certificate of weight and measurement 重量及尺码证书Inspection certificate of origin 原产地质量检验证明书Inspection certificate of quality 质量检验证书，品质检验证书Inspection certificate of quantity 数量检验证书Inspection certificate of value 价值检验证书Inspection certificate of weight 重量检验证书Certificate on hold/tank 验舱证书Certificate on cargo weight and measurement 货物重量与尺码证书Certificate on damaged cargo 验残证书Certificate on packing 包装证书（六）L/C Clause（信用证条款）Assignable credit 可转让信用证Back to back credit对开信用证Back to back export first 输出为先对开信用证Back to back import first 输入为先对开信用证Bank credit 银行信用证Bank’s reimbursement credit 银行偿付信用证Deferred sight credit 迟付即期信用证Documentary credit 跟单信用证Extended credit 展期信用证Irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证Issuing point acceptance credit 发行地点承兑信用证Negotiating credit 议付信用证Non-cumulative credit 非循环信用证Non-revolving credit 非循环信用证Ordinary credit 普通信用证Payment on receipt credit 凭收据付款信用证Red clause credit 红条款信用证Reimbursement credit 偿付信用证Restricted credit 限定收购银行信用证Revocable credit 可撤销信用证Revolving credit 循环信用证Secondary credit 国内信用证Special credit 特定信用证Straight credit 直接信用证Subsidiary credit 附属信用证Supplementary credit 国内信用证Stand-by credit 备用信用证Transmissible credit 可转让信用证Transmit credit 转口信用证Usance payment credit 远期支付信用证Ancillary letter of credit 附属信用证Anticipatory letter of credit 提前付款信用证Clean payment of L/C 全部预支信用证Commercial letter of credit 商业信用证Commercial documentary letter of credit 商业跟单信用证Confirmed letter of credit 银行确认的信用证Domestic letter of credit 国内信用证Export letter of credit出口信用证Extend letter of credit展延信用证Guaranteed letter of credit 凭担保开出的信用证Import letter of credit 进口信用证Letter of credit at sight 即付信用证Letter of credit with red clause 红条款信用证Letter of credit with T/T (Telegraphic Transfer) reimbu rsement clause 附跟单电汇索赔条款信用证Negotiable letter of credit 可流通信用证Open letter of credit 无特殊条件信用证Original letter of credit原始信用证Rush letter of credit速开信用证Sight letter of credit 即期信用证Time letter of credit 限期信用证Transferable letter of credit 可转让信用证Transit letter of credit转口信用证Unassignable letter of credit 不可转户的信用证World wide circular letter of credit 世界通用信用证Acceptance bank 承付行Accepting bank 承兑行Advising bank 通知行Drawee bank 受票银行，付款行Issuing bank 开证行Negotiating bank 议付行Notifying bank 通知行Opening bank 开证行Paying bank 付款行Accountee 开证申请人Accredit party 信用证受益人Applicant 开证申请人Beneficiary 受益人Application for letter of credit 信用证开证申请书Date of validity of letter of credit 信用证有效期限To open a letter of credit 开立信用证To draw on … 向…开出汇票（七）Documents Clauses（单据条款）Export license出口许可证General license普通许可证Import license进口许可证Open license公开许可证Patent license专利许可证Special license特殊许可证Transshipment license货物转让许可证Licensed technology许可转让技术Licensing cross license相互特许Licensing of export出口特许Licensing of import进口许可Licensor许可人,发证人Licensee受许方Clearance permit出港许可证Export permit出口许可证Import permit进口许可证Transportation permit转运许可证Ancillary document辅助单据Basic document原始单据Claims document索赔单据Combined on documents联运单据Copy document单据副本Original document正本单据Shipping documents货运提单Transport documents运转单据Underlying documents原始单据Written documents 书面单据Document for claims索赔证件Document for carriage运输单据Document of shipping装运单据Document against payment付款交单Document against payment after date出票远期付款交单Document against payment at sight见票付款交单Commercial invoice商业发票Consular invoice 领事发票Cost and freight invoice 货价加运费发票Custom’s invoice 海关发票Duplicate invoice 发票副本Export invoice出口发票Final invoice 最终发票Import invoice 进口发票Official invoice 正式发票Proforma invoice 形式发票Provisional invoice 临时发票Shipping invoice 装货发票Supplier’s invoice 供货方发票Invoice amount 发票金额Invoice duplicate 发票副本Invoice for purchase 购货发票Invoice for sales 销售发票Invoice price 发票价格Invoice value 发票金额Airway bill of lading 空运提单Anti-date bill of lading 倒签提单Claused bill of lading 附有条款的提单Collection bill of lading 托收提单Consignment bill of lading 托运单Dirty bill of lading 不清洁提单Export bill of lading出口提单Foul bill of lading 不清洁提单Freight prepaid bill of lading 运费预付提单Freight payable at destination 运费到付提单Import bill of lading 进口单Bills of goods 货物清单Bills of freight 运单Bills of health 船舶检验证书Bill of lading 提货单Bill of lading to bearer 不记名提单Bills of lading to order 指示提单Bills of particulars 明细单Bills of payment 付款单On board bill of lading 装船提单Order bill of lading 指示提单Original bill of lading 正本提单Received for shipment bills of lading 收货待运提单Straight bill of lading 记名提单Way bill 铁路运单Booking list 订舱清单Load list 集装箱装货清单（八）Weight Clause（重量条款)5% more or less 溢短装5%Shortage or excess (surplus or deficiency ) within 1%增减1%以内Actual weight 实际质量Actual net weight 实际净重Average weight 平均重量Delivery weight 交货重量Dry weight 干重量Invoice weight 发票重量Loading weight 到岸重量Gross weight 净重Net weight 净重Packed weight (gross weight) 毛重Shipped weight 装运重量Standard weight 标准重量Tare weight 皮重Actual tare 实际皮重Average tare 平均皮重Customary tare 习惯皮重Computed tare 约定皮重Conditioned weight 公量Landed net weight 目的港到货净重Total weight总重量Theoretical weight 理论重量Weight empty 皮重Weight in average 平均重量Estimated tare weight 估计皮重（九）Quality Clause（品质条款）Fair average quality (F.A.Q.) 良好平均品质Good merchantable quality (G.M.Q.) 上好可销品质Quality as per Seller’s sample 质量以卖方样品为准Quality as per Buyer’s sample质量以买方样品为准Sales by Specification, Grade or Standard 凭规格、等级或标准售货Quality analysis 质量分析Quality discrepancy 品质异议Quality goods 优质商品Quality factor 质量因素Quality landed 卸岸品质Quality market 注重品质的市场Quality of design 设计质量Quality of material 材料质量Quality of products 产品质量Quality price differentials 质量差价Quality specification 质量标准Quality target 质量指标(十) Port Clause (港口条款)Delivery port 交货港Discharging port卸货港Intermediate port中转港Landing port装货港Shipping port 装运港Unloading port 卸货港Port of arrival 到达港Port of delivery 交货港Port of debarkation 卸货港Port of departure 启运港Port of destination 目的港Port of discharge 卸货港Port of dispatch 发货港Port of embarkation 启运港Port of entry 进口港Port of exit 出口港Port of shipment 装运港，装船港Port of sailing 启航港Port of transshipment 转船港Port charges 港口费，入港费Port dues 入港费Port duties 入港费Port rate 港务费Port surcharge 港口附加费Anchorage 停泊费Anchorage dues 停泊费Dead freight 空舱费Demurrage 延迟费，滞期费(十一) Delivery Clause (交货条款)Immediate shipment 随即装运Prompt shipment 即期装运Ready shipment 已备装运Shipment as soon as possible 尽快装运Shipment by the first available steamer 有船即装Shipment by the first opportunity 首次机会即装Actual delivery 实际交货Cash against delivery 交货付款Cash on delivery 货到付款Collection on delivery 货到付款Contractual delivery 合同交货Forward delivery远期交货Near delivery 近期交货Partial delivery 分批交货Payment on delivery 货到付款Partial shipment 分批装运Prompt delivery 即期交货Delivery advice 到货通知书Place of delivery 交货地点Port of delivery 交货港口Time of delivery 交货时间(十二) Inspection Clause (检验条款)Inspection certificate of quality 品质检验证书Inspection certificate of weight重量检验证书Inspection certificate of quantity数量检验证书Veterinary inspection certificate 兽医检验证书Sanitary inspection certificate 卫生检验证书Inspection certificate of health 健康检验证书Disinfection inspection certificate 消毒检验证书Inspection certificate of origin 产地检验证书Inspection certificate of value 价值检验证书Inspection certificate on damaged goods 验残检验证书Certificate on hold/tank 验舱证书Certificate on cargo weight and measurement 货物重量尺码证书Survey report 鉴定报告Surveyor’s report 鉴定行报告Testing certificate 试验证书Certificate of analysis 化验证书Certificate of quality test 品质检验证书Certificate of weight and measurement 重量尺码证书Independent public surveyor 公证行Inspection fee 检验费(十三) Advice Clause（通知条款）Amendment advice 修改通知Clearance advice 出港通知书Freight advice 运费通知Shipment advice 装运通知书Shipping advice 装运通知书Advice of arrival 货物运到通知书Advice of charge 付款通知Advice of claim 索赔通知Advice of damage 损坏通知，破损通知Advice of delivery 货到通知书Advice of loss 损失通知Advice of shipment goods 发货通知Advice of shipping 装运通知Advice of shortage 短缺通知Advice note 通知单Booking note 订舱单Consignment note 铁路运单Delivery note 提货单Freight note 运费单，运送单Postal note 邮汇单Shipping note 装货通知Clearance notice 出港通知单Freight notice 运费通知书Notice of arrival 到货通知Notice of claim 索赔通知Notice of damage 损坏通知Notice of loss 损失通知Notice of payment 付款通知Notice of shipment goods 发货通知Notice of vessel’s arriva l 船舱抵港通知（十四）Tax & Duty Clauses（税费条款）Accelerated profit tax 利润税Accrued tax 应计税款Adjustable tax 调节税Additional tax 附加税Apportioned tax 摊分税Business profit tax 营业利润税Classified income tax 分类所得税Consumption tax 消费税Corporate income tax 公司所得税Direct tax 直接税Excise tax 消费税，执照税Export tax 出口税Goods tax 货物税Progressive income tax 累进所得税Import tax 进口税Income tax 所得税Interest tax 利息税License tax 执照税Personal income tax 个人所得税Processing tax 加工商品税Profit tax 利得税Revenue tax 营业收入税Super tax 附加税Supplementary income tax 追加所得税Turnover tax 周转税，营业税Tax accruals 应计税金Tax administration agency 税务管理机构Tax on added value 增值税Tax on business 营业税Tax on enterprise 企业税Tax on income 所得税Tax on produce 收益税Compensatory duty 补偿性关税Compound duty 复合关税Customs duty 关税Excess profit duty 超额利润税Export duty 出口关税General preferential duty 一般优惠关税Harbor duties 港湾税，船舶税Protective duties 保护关税Preference duty 特惠关税Preferential duty 特惠关税Reciprocal duty互惠关税Tonnage duties 吨位税Transit duty 过境税，通行税Duty free 免税Duty paid certificate 完税凭证Duty paid proof 完税证明Duty-free slips 免税单Amortization charge 摊销费Assignment charge 转让费Cleaning tank charge 洗舱费Commission charge 手续费Demurrage charge 滞期费，延迟费Dock charge 码头费，入坞费Extra charges on heavy lifts 起吊货物附加费Heavy-life charge 起吊费Incidental charge 杂费，从属费用Inward charge 入港费Loading charges 装货费，装船费Port charge 港口费Processing charge 加工费Shipping charge 装运费，装船费Storage charges 存储费Transport charges 运输费Trimming charges 平舱费Unloading charges 卸货费Charges for ballast 压底舱费Charges for overtime 加班费Charges for service 劳务费Charges for trouble 手续费Dock dues 码头费Harbor dues 入港费Light dues 灯塔费Lighthouse dues 灯塔费Pier dues码头费Port dues 港口费，入港费Transmit dues 转口税，过境税Agency fee 代理费Airmail fee 航空邮件费Berthing fee 停泊费Claims settling fee 理赔代理费Clearance fee 出港费Export brokerage fee 出口经纪人佣金Insurance fee 保险费Patent fee 专利费Stowage fee 理舱费Survey fees 检验费Bank commission银行手续费Direct additional 直航附加费Down payment 定金Fine for delayed payment 滞纳金Initial payment 首期付款Import surcharges 进口附加费Loading hire 装货费Penalty for nonperformance of contract 违约罚金，未履行合同罚金Penalty for delayed delivery 延迟交货罚金Royalty 提成费Transshipment additional 转船附加费（十五）Risk & Insurance Clauses（风险和保险）Abnormal risk 特殊风险Accessory risks 附加险Air risks 空运险All risks 综合险Customary risk 惯常险Desk risk 舱面险Extraneous risk 附加险Fire risk 火险Loading and unloading risk 装卸货险Marine risk 水险，海上险Port risks 港口险Theft risk 盗窃险Total risk 全损险Transportation risk 运输险Usual risk 一般险War risk 战争险，兵险Risk of breakage 破损险Risk of carriage 运输险Risk of contamination 污染险Risk of error 过失险Risk of fresh-water damage 淡水险Risk of hood damage 钩损险Risk of leakage 渗漏险Risk of loss 损失险Risk of non-delivery 提货不着险，遗失险Risk of nonperformance 不履行合同险Risk of oil damage 油渍险Risk of rust 生锈险Risk of shortage 货差险Risk of shortage in weight 短重险Risk of sling damage 吊索损险Risk of strikes, riots, civil commotion 罢工、暴动和民变险Risk of theft and pilferage 盗窃险Risk of warehouse to warehouse 仓库到仓库险Risk note 保险通知At consignee’s risk 收货人险At owner’s risk 货主险Actual total loss 实际全损，绝对全损Comprised total loss 约定全损Technical total loss 推定全损Accident insurance 意外险Additional insurance 附加保险Air cargo insurance 空运险Air transportation insurance 空运保险Aviation insurance 航空保险Aviation liability insurance 航空责任保险Burglary insurance 盗窃保险Cargo insurance 货物保险Cargo marine insurance 海洋货物保险Cargo transportation insurance 货物运输保险Carrier’s liability insurance 承运人责任保险Collision insurance 碰撞保险Comprehensive insurance 综合保险Concurrent insurance 共同保险Direct insurance 直接保险Fire insurance 火灾保险Freight insurance 运费保险Full insurance 全保险Full value insurance 全值保险Joint insurance 联合保险，共同保险Land transportation insurance 陆运保险Land transit insurance 陆运保险Lighter insurance 驳船险Marine transportation insurance 海洋运输保险Marine cargo insurance 海洋运输货物保险Overland insurance 陆运保险Riot and civil commotion 暴动和民众骚乱险Storm and tempest insurance 暴风雨保险Supplementary insurance 追加保险Transport insurance 运输险War-risk insurance 兵险，战争险Water damage insurance 水渍险Certificate of insurance 保险凭证Duration of insurance 保险期限Package insurance 混合保险单Policy of insurance 保险单Premium on insurance 保险费Prepaid insurance 预付保险费Coverage 保险类别Guarantee of insurance 保险担保书Insurance policy 保险单Insurance certificate 保险凭证Insurant 投保人，受保人Insured 投保户，受保人Insurer 保险人，保险业者Sum insured 保险金额Insured amount 保险金额To insure the goods for the buyer’s account 保险费由买方承担To arrange insurance on … 投保---To cove r insurance on… 投保---To effect insurance on …投保--- To provide insurance on …投保---To take out insurance on … 投保---（十六）Claims Clause（索赔条款）Claim adjuster索赔利算人Claim against carrier 向承运人索赔Claim against damage 要求赔偿损失Claim against insurance company 向保险公司索赔Claim against underwriter 向担保人（承运人）索赔Claim arising from a defect of the goods 货物瑕疵引起的索赔Claim arising on a bill of lading 根据提单引起的赔偿要求Claim based on lack of conformity of the goods 货物不符合同要求引起的索赔Claim based on non-conformity 货物不符（合同）的索赔Claim based on physical loss or damage 对货物丢失或损坏的索赔Claim commission 索赔委员会Claim damage 损坏索赔Claim for compensation 要求赔偿Claim document 索赔证单Claim expense 理（索）赔费Claim for compensation of damages 损害赔偿的诉权Claim for general average 共同海损的诉权Claim for indemnification 要求赔偿损失Claim notice 索赔通知Claim settling agent 理赔代理人Claim settling fee 理赔代理费Claim letter 索赔函Delayed claim 迟索的赔款Counter claim 反索赔Documents for claim 索赔证单Insurance claim 保险索赔Non-contractual claim 非契约索赔Settlement of claims 理赔Time limit for filing claims 索赔期限To claim against from breach of the contract 违约引起的索赔To lodge a claim 提出索赔To raise a claim 提出索赔To put in a claim 提出索赔To waive a claim 放弃索赔（十七）Arbitration Clause（仲裁条款）Arbitral agreement 仲裁协议Arbitral authority 仲裁机构Arbitral award 仲裁裁决Arbitral body 仲裁机构Arbitral clause 仲裁条款Arbitral court 仲裁法庭Arbitral division 仲裁裁决Arbitral institution 仲裁机构Arbitral procedure 仲裁程序Arbitral proceedings 仲裁程序Arbitral rules of procedure 仲裁程序规则Arbitration act 仲裁法Arbitration agency 仲裁机构Arbitration agreement 仲裁协议Arbitration award 仲裁裁决Arbitration by summary procedure 简易仲裁Arbitration clause 仲裁条款Arbitration commission 仲裁委员会Arbitration court 仲裁法庭Arbitration expenses 仲裁费Arbitration fees 仲裁费Arbitration law 仲裁法Arbitration on appeal 仲裁裁决Arbitration organization 仲裁机构Arbitration rules 仲裁规则Arbitration tribunal 仲裁规则Commercial arbitration 商业仲裁Compulsory arbitration 强制仲裁Economic arbitration 经济仲裁International arbitration 国际仲裁Mandatory arbitration 强制仲裁Arbiter 仲裁人，仲裁员Arbitrator de jure 仲裁员Referee 仲裁人，仲裁员。

法律英语中合同的条款及规定Contracts are an essential part of legal English, as they establish the rights and obligations of the parties involved. 合同是法律英语中必不可少的一部分，因为它们确立了参与各方的权利和义务。

A contract typically includes various clauses and provisions that outline the terms of the agreement. 合同通常包括各种条款和规定，概述了协议的条款。

It is crucial for these clauses to be clear, precise, and legally sound to avoid potential disputes or misunderstandings. 这些条款必须清晰、精确和法律上健全，以避免潜在的纠纷或误解。

Both parties must fully understand the implications of the contract and willingly consent to its terms for it to be considered valid. 双方都必须充分理解合同的意义，并自愿同意其条款，才能被视为有效。

One of the most critical aspects of a contract is the inclusion of specific clauses that address potential issues and risks. 合同中最关键的方面之一是包括针对潜在问题和风险的具体条款。

These may include clauses related to breach of contract, dispute resolution, liability, indemnity, and termination. 这些可能包括与违约、争议解决、责任、赔偿和终止有关的条款。

Proprietary shareholders,1.所有人的,业主的;所有人似的a proprietary right所有权2.有财产的3.财产的;财产权的4.私有的,私营的Partnership Enterprise lawPartnership Enterprise Law of the People's Republic of China [Effective]中华人民共和国合伙企业法[现行有效]Contract lawTort law 侵权法Act of tort 侵权行为Administrative law 行政法public law 公法private law 私法State Council 国务院Department Rules 部门规章Administrative Regulations 行政法规Judicial Interpretations 司法解释Constitutions宪法Prosecution 起诉，原告，实行guilty 有罪的The court found him guiltydefendant n. 被告The defendant is accused of theftplaintiffs 原告The plaintiff is seeking remedy through the court provisions 规定，条款The present law makes no provision for this stipulation规定，契约，条款May I refer you to the contract stipulation about packing(or shipping..)?Stipulated 有明文规定的，规定The company fails to pay on the date stipulate in the contractlegal person 法人natural person 自然人English and American legal system 英美法系common law习惯法系普通法系judge-made law 法官造法civil law legal system 大陆法系民法法系statute law 成文法legislation 法律，法规，立法The committee proposed that new legislation should be draftedcivil capacity 民事能力civil acts 民事行为In entering into a contract, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts.当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。

英文赔偿协议书
日期：[填写日期] 地点：[填写地点]
本协议书由以下各方自愿签署，并经双方共同协商达成，旨在明确双方之间的权利和义务。

在此，双方确认并同意以下条款：
1. 协议背景
[填写协议背景]
2. 双方责任和义务
2.1 原告责任
原告应做出相应证据以证明其遭受损失或损害，并提供相应材料以支持其主张。

2.2 被告责任
被告应认可原告的主张，并承担相应赔偿责任。

被告同意按照本协议的约定支付赔偿金。

3. 赔偿金额和支付方式
3.1 赔偿金额
根据双方协商，被告同意支付原告的赔偿金总额为 [填写赔偿金额]。

3.2 支付方式
赔偿金将在签署本协议后 [填写时间] 内支付给原告。

4. 终止协议
如果任何一方违反了本协议的任何条款，并且在收到违约通知后 [填写天数]
期限内未能解决违约问题，非违约方有权终止本协议。

5. 保密条款
双方同意对本协议的内容和执行过程进行严格保密。

未经另一方事先书面同意，任何一方不得向任何第三方透露本协议的任何细节。

6. 适用法律和管辖权
本协议受[填写适用法律]的管辖。

双方同意，对于因本协议引起的任何争议，
应提交至[填写仲裁/诉讼管辖机构]进行处理。

7. 附加条款
[填写附加条款]
8. 协议生效
本协议自双方签署之日起生效，并代表双方的最终意向。

原告签字：_________________ 日期：_________________
被告签字：_________________ 日期：_________________。

Part One Basis of Legal English公证人：notary专门名词；术语：terminology故意的；蓄意的：deliberate责任：obligation对等的，互惠的：reciprocal分期付款：instalment上述的；前述的：aforesaid不当：inappropriate审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal否认：negative诉讼：litigation赔偿；补偿：compensation提起（申请等）；提起（诉讼等）；把……登记备案：file质询（书）：interrogatories否定：denial小册子：booklet常设的；永久的：permanent调解、调停：mediation法官；裁判官；法官席：bench一致的：unanimous强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory财产保全；查封；扣押：attachment赔偿金：damages泄露：divulge举证责任：theburdenofproof宪法的：constitutional入侵：invasion租约：lease成文法：statute样式条款：boilerplate clause无效的：null and void其他以外：inter alia= among others：abatement将……遗赠：bequeath起源：provenance扣押：seizure本金：the principal sum规定，条款：provision 立遗嘱者：testator承租人：tenant等同；同价物：equivalent终止：termination开端：commencement制定：formulation恐吓，威胁：intimidate议会，国会：parliament不可撤销的：irrevocable拆分；分立：split传唤；传讯：summon诉讼当事人：litigant辩解；申诉；事实陈述：allegation伪证；伪证罪：perjury庭外采证：deposition控告（某人）犯罪：impeach（法庭上证人的）证词：testimony仲裁：arbitration无陪审团员的审判：bench trail（陪审团的）裁决，判决，结论：verdict批捕令；搜查令：warrant留置权，扣押权：lien欺诈，误导：deceive侵权：infringement诉讼案件：lawsuit控告：prefer动产：chattel执行者：executor诉状：pleading公司面纱：corporate veil全部，所有的人：all and sundry保释：bailment宣告无效：annul报酬：emolument扣押财物：distress拘押：hold合适和恰当：fit and proper争议，纠纷或索赔：dispute ，controversy or claim承诺, 同意和契约：promise ，agree and 储蓄：deposits covenant原告：plaintiff被告：defendant承认：admission回避：forcause交叉盘问：cross examination诉由不成立：no cause清偿保证书：satisfaction发回重审：relitiganteback宣誓过的：sworn法典注释：annotated code法律顾问：barrister汇票：bill of exchange引证：citation or cite编成法典：codify最高上诉法院：courtoflastresort法庭书记官：courtreporter法律汇编：digest（写在判决书前面的）摘要：headnote 名义上的当事人：nominal party律师助手：paralegal州长：sheriff遵循先例：staredecisis摘要：synonym法令：wirt悬而未决的陪审团：hung jury拉丁语：Bona fide = good faith 善意Ex parte =from one side 片面的In r e =in the matter of 关于，对于Percapita=by l eads 人均对价：consideration汇票：draft票据：instrument 诉状：complaint代表自己，自辩：pro se（withoutanattorney ）和解协议：settlement协商；法律顾问：counsel专家证人：expertwitness无效审判：mistrial推翻：overturn自由心证：power of discretionary先行本：advancesheet法警：bailiff受益人：beneficiary最佳证据：bestevidence传讯者：citator法令：decree记录法庭：court of record授权立法：delegatedlegislation备审案件目录表：docket对答案有诱导性的提问：leadingquestion初审管辖：original jurisdiction被告：respondent单行本：slip law（判决书的）判决理由/说明：syllabus正式起诉书：true bill传票：subpoena习惯法：commonlawDe novo =anew 重新；更始Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保护令Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding the verdict 否定裁决Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判词相对人：counterpart兑现：honor请求：motionChapter Two American Legal Regime美国联邦上诉法院：United States Court of =巡回上诉法院：Federal Circuit AppealsfortheFederalCircuit最高法院：Supreme Court中级上诉法院：intermediateCourts美国案例选编：American Law Reports 上诉法院：Court of Appeals高级法院上诉庭：Appellate Division ，Supreme Court法律百科全书：Corpus Juris Secundum任命：nominate等级制度；统治集团：hierarchy地方法官，治安官：magistrate遗嘱检验法庭：probate court仲裁人：arbiter无效；废弃：nullification疏忽，过失；粗心大意：negligence渊源；根源：source合理的：equitable证词，证据：testimony挑选陪审团的过程：voir dire强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory审议：deliberation审判官似的；调查官似的；爱打听的：inquisitorial对抗性的，敌对的：adversarial审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal送还，还押；发回重审：remade抵押；抵押品；质权：pledge成文法；制定法：statuarylaw判例，先例：precedentAdj. 适当的Vt. 占用，侵吞：appropriate传票；引证：citation控告，起诉：prosecution证人证言：affidavit全体陪审员：panel大陪审团：grand jury分配，分布：distribution过错相抵：contributory negligence专利池：patent pool纠问式：inquisitorial system of justice诉讼文件移送命令：certiorari驳回：dismiss暂停：stay异议：dissent抗辩制度：adversarial system公平的：impartial公告，宣告：announcement处理：dispose 任期：tenure司法权，管辖权；管辖范围：jurisdiction 转让（法律权利或义务）：assign少年法庭：juvenile court对（指诉讼，比赛中等）；相对：versus 执行，施行，实施（法律等）；免除：dispense 支持者；建议者；提出认证遗嘱者；提出证据的人：proponent立法机关；立法机构；立法部；（特指）州会议：legislature挑选陪审团成员：impanel陪审员名单：array自由裁量权：discretion当事人；诉讼委托人：client偏一方的：partisanVt.仲裁，裁判N.裁判，仲裁人：umpire上诉的，受理上诉的：appellate前提：premise发誓：swear依照法令的；法定的：statuary制定（法律）；颁布：enactAdj. 立法的，有立法权的N.立法权；立法机构：legislative竞合：concurrence概要，大纲：synopsis复审：review再审：rehear参议院：Senate僵局：deadlock有效：valid篡改：tamper证据规则：evidentiary r ules纠错法院：CourtofErrors撤销：vacate中止：order发回重审：remand特权：privilege主张，用户：advocacy自认犯罪：self-incrimination有说服力的法律依据：persuasive authority 廉正：integrity苏格拉底问法：socraticmethod 法律术语：legalese附录：appendix出庭律师：attorney of record 顾问：consultant法官的附带意见：dictum委托书：engagement letter出口许可证：export license许可证协议：license agreement公证人：notary public公民投票权：referendum法定时效：statuteoflimitation分区条例：zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法权：judicial power合法化，正当性：legitimacy海事管辖权：maritime jurisdiction 全权：plenary power终身任期：life tenure 民事诉讼：civilprocedure法律联合会：legal fraternity公司章程：article o f i ncorporation计费工时：billable hour标准：criterion网域名称：domain name当庭提出证据：exhibit合营企业：jointventure贷款申请：loan application专利申请书：patentapplication股东，股票持有人：shareholder可撤销的合同：voidablecontract合法的：legitimate海事法，海商法：admiralty按照，根据：pursuant to/in pursuance of 阐明：set forth被授予、赋予（权利）：be vested with原始（初审）管辖权：original（trial ）jurisdiction 上诉管辖权：appellate jurisdiction自动生效：self-executing 共同管辖权，并存管辖权：concurrentjurisdiction参考司法性（或审判）解释：advisory opinions 做出裁判、裁决：rendition做出裁判裁决，判处：render 串通诉讼：collusive suits 模拟诉讼：mootcases成熟原则：ripeness doctrine确认判决，宣告是判决：declaratoryjudgment 诉由，诉讼资格：standing可归因于：be attributable to裁决，裁定：ruling不适用联邦管辖权（以避免和州管辖权的冲突）：abstain待决的，未决的：pendingV. 阻却、禁止N. 阻碍、阻却因素；法律界：bar立法权：legislative power默示的权利：impliedpower 可救济性：redressability规避（原则）：abstention以……作为前提/条件：bepremisedon禁止、命令、指示：enjoin豁免权：immunity明确列举的权力：enumerated power辅助/附属权利：auxiliary/ancillary power必要与适当条款：necessary and proper clause 实施、实行：carryintoexecution人头税：capitation公共基金开支权：spending power 国会调查权：investigatory power 剥夺……（权利）：depriveof/abridgeof 直接税，对财产征收的税：direct taxes 贸易权：commercepower弹劾：impeachment铸币：coinmoney立法权的委托/授予：delegation of legislative 三权分立原则：the separation of power power doctrine促进、助长、推动：in furtherance of公共职权：public functions剥夺公民权法案：bills of attainder程序性的正当程序：procedural due process 平等保护：equal protection个人财产：personal belongings任意的、武断的：arbitrary 申请……：petitionof有溯及力的，溯及既往的：retroactive事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的：ex post facto实质性正当程序：substantivedueprocess裁决、判决：adjudication法定权利：entitlement在下、从下：infra严格审查（标准）：strict scrutiny（maximum 中登记审查（标准）：intermediatescrutiny scrutiny ）合理依据、最低审查（标准）：rational basis （minimal scrutiny ）不合理分类：suspect classification受制于、以……为条件：be subject to 为……量身定做：betailoredto商业条款：Commerce Clause歧视性待遇：disparate treatment纠正歧视行动：affirmativeaction 引发、触发：trigger监禁、禁闭：incarceration主要因素：predominant factor授权条款：enabling provision必要的国家利益：compelling state interest 准嫌疑犯分类：quasi-suspect classification 不正当关系：illicit relationships确认生父诉讼、亲子鉴定诉讼：paternitysuits 基本权利：fundamentalrights避孕药物、避孕工具：contraception 撤销、使无效：revoke流产，堕胎：abortion实施：implement原因：causation修正案：amendment支持：upheld违反：infringe损害：impair区别对待：discriminatory application 反驳：rebuttal牵连：entanglement授权，命令：mandate司法审查：judicial review当代的，同时代的：contemporary 行政部门：executive branch使无效：invalidate详尽的，彻底的：exhaustive 包括、包含：encompass财政部：The Treasury Department全体出席的：plenary严格的必要性：strict n ecessity确权之诉：quiet title action驱逐出境：deport代表：delegate有特权的：prerogative非惩罚性：non-punitive避孕：contraceptives据说，据称：allegedly十足信用法案：full faith and credit问题的可讨论性，未决状态：mootness 多元管辖权：diversity jurisdiction批准，认可：ratification取缔诽谤：outlaw slander授予，给予：conferpromise 允诺acceptance 承诺a meeting of minds 意见一致executed contracts 已履行合同specialty contract 书面盖印合同parol contract 非要式合同simplecontract 简单合同offer 要约contracts u nder s eal 盖印合同contracts i n w riting 书面合同contracts e videnced i n w riting 有书面证明的合同口头合同oral contractsunqualified 无条件的conditional a ssent 有条件的同意standing offer 持续要约return performance 相应允诺letter 书信Mail-box Rule 投邮主义the promisee 被允诺人公共职责public duty accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿允诺禁反言原则doctrine of promissory estoppelexpress terms 明示条款exemptionclauses 免责条款warranty 担保repudiate 拒绝履行certainty 确定性terms i mplied in f act 事实上的默示customary implied terms 惯例性的条款the repugancy rule 矛盾解释规则part4agreement b etween t he p arties 当事人之间的协议mutual a ssent 当事人之间的协议executory contracts 待履行合同valid 有效的void 无效的voidable 可撤销的unenforceable 不能强制执行revocation 撤回rejectionbytheofferee 受要约人拒绝counter-offer 反要约lapse of time 期限届满incapacity 无行为能力failureof a condition subject to which the offerwasmade 要约条件未能满足performance 履行the mirror i mage rule 镜像原则telegram 电报consideration 对价past c onsideration i s n o c onsideration 过去的对价不是对价the principle of mutuality 相关性原则衡平禁反言原则doctrine of equitableestoppelimplied t erms 默示条款condition 条件rescind 废除theconceptoftotalintegration 合同完整性的概念terms implied i n law 法律上的默示the contra proerentem 不利于提供者规则the f our c orners r ule 四角规则the C ontrol o f E xemption C lauses A ct 管制免责条款条例minor 未成年人persons of u nsound mind 精神病人mistake 错误duress 胁迫illegality 非法性operative mistakes 关键性错误warning notices 警告性通知capacitytocontract 缔约能力a person under the influence of drink 醉酒的人corporations 公司misrepresentation 虚假陈述undue influence 不当影响validity 效力liable to be set aside 衡平法上被撤销commonoridenticalmistakes 相同之错误non-identicalmistake 不相同之错误nonestfactum 非我所签契约fraudulentmisrepresentation 欺诈性的虚假陈述affirm 确认duresstogoods 对货物的胁迫actual undue influence 实际不当影响inequality of b argaining power 谈判能力的不对等illegal contract strictly so called 严格意义上的非法合同illegal a s f ormed 成立违法intended b eneficiaries 有益受害人discharged 解决tender of performance 交付履行impossibility 履行不能occurrence of c ondition subsequent 后续条件的发生cancellation 合同的取消substituted contract 替代合同lapse 终止（或失效）breachofcontract 违约damages 损害赔偿quantum meruit 按合理价格支付injunction 禁令corporatelaw 公司法new wordsand expressionsnominalized 使转变为名词abstain 抑制，弃权destitute 使丧失usage 惯例contingency 意外事故，偶发事件telex 电传detriment 损害，伤害undertaking 承诺charter 包租，租用lumber 木材furnish 提供appellee 被上诉人rescind 废除reputable 值得尊重的mutual mistakes 双方错误unilateral mistake 单方错误null and void 无效innocent or n eglient misrepresentation 无过错或过失性的虚假陈述duresstoaperson 对人的胁迫economic duress 经济胁迫persumed undue influence 假设不当影响unconscionability 显示公平制度operationoflaw 依法定得解除illegal c ontract traditionally s o c alled 传统的非法合同illegal a s p erformed 履行违法incidental beneficiaries 附带受益人performance 履行frustration 合同落空履约具有不现实性impracticability rescission 合同的废除novation 合同的更新release 弃权书account stated 明细账supervening illegality 继起违法anticipatorybreach 预期违约action for an agreed sum 商定金额之诉specific performance 实际履行alternative d ispute r esolution 替代性纠纷解决机制inducememt 诱因，诱导solemnity 庄严perpetrator 做坏事者，犯罪者revocation 撤销，撤回dispatch 发出facsimile 传真forbearance 忍耐，克制，不作为accure 发生，产生vessel 船舶freight 运费aver 提出demurrer 异议，抗辩repudiate 拒不履行shack 棚屋，简陋的小屋emasculate 阉割，削弱demolish 摧毁，推翻，驳倒shear(shore,shorn) 切断，剥夺perjury 伪证（罪）officious 爱管闲事的indemnity 赔偿（金）subrogation 代位（求偿权）vitiate （使）消弱，（使）无效reef 礁，暗礁ab initio 自始，从开始时rescission 废除pecuniary 金钱的rogue 无赖，流氓uberrimae fidei [ 拉]最大诚信convent 女修道院devotee 皈依者consummate 完成infirmity 虚假ex turpi causa non oritur actio [ 拉]非法或不道德行为不能取得诉因quantum valebant [ 拉]支付合理价格原则solus 单独的effectuate 实行，完成revoke 撤销；取消concurrent 同时发生的exculpatory 辩解的，辨明无罪的expectation interest 期待利益restitution interest 返还利益maxim 格言subterfuge 托词，借口overt 明显的，公开的a Mareva injunction 玛瑞瓦禁令Textinternational business transactions 国际商业活动；国际经济交往contract 合同，有法律约束力的承诺或协议restatement 再声明，重述duty 义务; 职责，责任deed 地契，土地证seal 密封文档，密封（证明真实有效）formation 成立manifestation 表现形式collateral 附属的absurdity 荒谬的rote 死记硬背，生搬硬套supersede 废除，废弃efficacy 功效onus 义务，负担dissipate 挥霍salvage 救援，营救tender 招标status quo 现状puff 吹嘘restitutio i n i ntegrum[ 拉]恢复原状avoidance 废止，无效coercive 强制的；强迫的ward 被监护人the balance o f probabilities 可能性较高者lopsided 不平等的defraud 诈取，骗取quantum meruit [ 拉]（无合同规定时）支付合理报酬；应得额；合理金额oust 剥夺，驱逐covenant 协议，协定supervening 接着发生encompass 围绕；包含coronation 加冕礼remotedamages 间接损失relianceinterest 信赖利益liquidateddamages 约定损害赔偿金permeate 弥漫，遍布evasion 规避，遁词slack off 松懈；懈怠warranty 保修单，担保securities law 证券法franchise 特许经营Convention on the International Sales ofGoods(CISG) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约binding 有约束力的stipulation 契约，约定，协定evidenced in writing 有书面证明的mutual a ssent 相互同意bound 有义务的advertisementsofrewards 悬赏广告lapseofoffer 要约失效English law 英国法Blackacre 黑地，黑田（辩论中的假设名字，与whiteacre 相对）writ of error 纠错令Chancery Courts 大法官法庭，大法庭Chancellor 首席法官，大法官conditional a ssent 附条件同意order c onfirmation 确认订单auction 拍卖revocation 撤回option 期权，选择权contingency 意外事故，偶发事件standing offer 持续要约decree 判决，裁定refinance 再融资unqualified 没有附加的条件的return promise 反允诺terms and conditions 条款及细则general conditions o f sale 销售的一般条件；买UNIDROIT PICC 国际统一私法协会国际商卖共同条件；一般销售条件事合同通则Mail-Box Rule 邮箱规则detriment 损害，伤害promisor 做出承诺者，契约者，要约人executed 已执行的full settlement of a debt 全额清偿promissory 承诺的，约定的Privy Court 枢密院法庭the principle 本人，被代理人，委托人；保证人；财产，信托财产qualification 条件，资格consideration 对价promisee 受约人executory 待执行的accordandsatisfaction 和解与清偿the principle of mutuality 交互性原则suspensory 中止的resume 恢复Doctrine of E quitable Estoppel 衡平禁反言原则charter party 租船合同frustrate t he m ain p urpose o f t he c ontract 主要目的受阻volition 自愿选择total integration 一体化；完全整合genesis 起源；开端officiousbystander 好事的旁观者the inserter 起草者the onus o f proof 举证责任guaranteesofminors ’ contracts 未成年人保证责任unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity 心智不全nonestfactum 否认立约the P arol E vidence R ule 口头证言规则absurdity 荒谬，不合理supersededdocuments 替代文件negligence 过失；疏忽indemnity 赔偿（金）Age of M ajority Act 成人年龄法guarantee 被保人subrogation 代位清偿fiduciary 基于信托的，受托人，被信托人inducement 引诱，诱导actionablemisrepresentation 可诉的虚假陈述restitutio i n i ntegrum 恢复原状Uberrimae Fidei 最大诚信原则，坦率诚实prospectus 说明书，简介，募股章程contemplation 深思熟虑，沉思vendor 卖方，卖主mutual rescission 相互解约frustrating events 受阻事项a final balance 最后应付余额，最后结余；最后平衡the Utmost Good Faith 最大善意原则undue influence 不当影响self-induced 自己导致的，自己诱导的operation o f l aw(OOL) 法律的实施（效果）unilateralrescission 单方废止；债权人得单方解除契约original transactions 原始交易commercial impracticability 商业不现实性StatuteofLimitations 诉讼时效supervening illegality 继起违法coronation 加冕礼remotenessofdamage 损害的间隔性unliquidated d amages 未经算定损害赔偿；未清算的损失；未确定损害赔偿额specific performance 照规定严格执行goodfaith 善意；真诚expressrepudiation 明示的履行拒绝interlocutory ( 判决等)在诉讼期间宣告的prohibitory 禁止的pending trial 候审期间，未决事项Choice of F orum Clause 选择法院条款Choice of L aw Clause 适用法律选择条款arbitration a greement 仲裁协议exercisecontested 有争议的boilerplate 样板文件；公式化，陈词滥调prevail 占优势optioncontract 期权合同leverage 杠杆作用，举债经营unconscionability 显失公平;显失公平原则impossible of performance 履行不能frustration o f p urpose 合同目的落空Forcr M ajeure C lauses 不可抗力条款foreseeability 可预见性,预见性extravagant 奢侈的；挥霍的claimant 原告，索赔者constant supervision 持续监督good f aith p erformance 合同履行中的诚信原则；善意履行perpetual 不间断的；持续的mandatory 强制的；法定的Municiple Courts 市法院Forum Selection Clause 法院管辖之条款commercial a rbitration 商事仲裁arbitration clauses 仲裁条款recital 一系列事件等的详述Caveat Emptor 货物出门概不退换，买主须自行当心（货物的品质）；买主当心merchandise 货物Statute of Fraudes 反欺诈法unjust enrichment 不正当得利third-party beneficiary 受益第三方forfeiture 没收，丧失illusory promise 虚幻允诺omission 疏忽，懈怠，做某事失败in pais 无法律手续或书据Unit Five故意侵权intentionaltorts威吓assault侵害地产或动产trespasstoLand/Chattels •detrimental r eliance有害依赖；不利之信赖material b reach 重大违约，实质性违约rescind 废除；撤销UniformCommercialCode(UCC) 美国统一商法典quasi-contract 准契约；准合同殴打battery非法监禁false imprisonment侵占他人动产conversion故意精神伤害Intentional infliction of 抗辩事由defenses emotional d istress特权privilege正当防卫self-defense责任duty实际损失或伤害actual loss or damage 比较过失comparativenegligence明示自冒风险express assumption of risk 暗示自冒风险implied assumption of risk 中介原因interveningcause 原告同意consent紧急避险necessity不履行责任breach原告过失contributory negligence自冒风险assumption of risk免责条款exculpatoryclause后果的预见性foreseeabilityofconsequences 连带责任joint and several liability补偿indemnity土地所有人possessor占有人occupier土地侵权人trespasser侵权儿童trespassing children被邀请人invitee不当行为/不当履行misfeasance替代责任vicarious liability侵犯隐私privacytorts侵扰他人私生活intrusion不正当竞争competitive torts倾销dumpingLiability for negligence 过失责任Remedies 损害赔偿Defamation 诽谤Misrepresentation 虚假表述Trespass 非法侵入Product liability 产品责任Damages 赔偿金Punitive d amages 惩罚性赔偿金Discrete 分离的Thestatuteoflimitations 诉讼时效Tavern 客栈Hatchet 短柄小斧；言归于好Integrity 完整Prima facie case 表面上证据确凿的案件Impediment 妨碍Quare clausum fregit 缘何侵入私地令Intermeddle 干涉Dispossess 剥夺Misfeasance 错误行为Agrarian 土地的，农村的Public nuisance 公共公害Omission 疏忽；懈怠Entrant 参加者Satisfaction 清偿Negligentmisrepresentation 过失的虚假表述Sedition 煽动Loathsome 令人讨厌的Duty o f c are 注意义务Incompatible 矛盾的Disparagement 轻视Revelation 披露分担contribution所有权人owner自然危险情况natural hazards被许可人licensee诱惑性公海原则attractive nuisance doctrine 商业被邀请人businessinvitee懈怠不作为/不作为nonfeasance低于成本销售salesbelowcost盗用他人肖像权appropriation扭曲他人形象public disclosure of private life 虚假宣传falseadvertising雇主负责制respondent superiorCivil liability 民事责任Invasionofprivacy 侵犯隐私Fraud 欺诈Conversion 侵犯他人财产Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/财产Restitution 返还原物，赔偿金Compensatory damages 补偿性伤害赔偿金Special damages 特定损害赔偿金Affinity 亲切关系Causation 因果关系Cause in fact 事实上的原因Proximate cause 最近原因Malice 恶意Blackout 灯火管制；暂时失去知觉Res Ipsa Loquitur 让事实说话Foreseeability 预见性Tort-feasor 侵权行为人Misconduct 行为不当Non-feasance 不行为Nuisance 妨害行为Private n uisance 私人妨害Contributory negligence 混合过失Confinement 拘禁Indemnity 补偿Malpractice 玩忽职守Libel 书面诽谤Consortium 配偶的地位和权利Venereal 性交的Unchastity 放荡Falselight 扭曲他爱人形象Deceive 欺诈Competitive torts 侵权竞合 Premises 房地产Palm off 哄骗Wherewithal 为做某事而需要的钱 Legal c ause 法定原因，近因 Assailant 攻击者 Defect 瑕 疵Accrue 利息等的自然增值；诉讼的发生 Awritoftrespass侵害令状Confinement 监禁 Deliberation 深思熟虑Trespass de bonis asportate 带走他人动产 Dispossess 剥夺占有 Blackout 失去知觉 Res ipsa Loquitur 不言自明Per c uriam 全庭审Bystander旁观者Impliedwarranty默示担保Entrant 新工作者 ;进入者 Liable 有责任的 Recreationalpremises 娱乐场所 Caveat emptor 顾客留心（一经出售概不负责）Statutesofrepose除斥期间Charitable immunity慈善事业免责Vicarious liability 替代责任Restatement (second) of torts 民事侵权行为重述 （ 第 二 版 ） Prosser 普罗塞（美国杰出法官）part 8双重主义： dualsovereignty 犯罪意图： mensrea联邦和州监狱： prison 或 penitentiary无罪推定： presumption of innocence正当程序： dueprocess 自证其罪： self-incrimination悬而未决的陪审团： hung jury 不抗辩： no contest/nolo contendere 双重危境： double jeopardyIdiosyncratic 独特的 Pass off 冒充 Recoup 重获 Disclose 告 知 Supersede 取代 Warranty 担保；保单 Willful and wanton 放任的Vicarious liability 雇主责任，替代别人的责任 Intent 主观 Volition 意愿 Malice 预谋 Vandal 蓄意破坏者 Proximate cause 近因 Calculus of risk 风险预测计算 But-for causation 若非因果关系 Joint and s everal liability共同连带责任The impact rule 影响规则 Premises liability 场所责任 Nuisance 妨 害Dangerous instrumentality doctrine危险工具Criminal assailants刑事攻击者Caveat lessee 警告承租人Misdiagnosis 错误的诊断 Municipal immunity 市场免责Defamation诽谤Prima facie cause of action诉讼的初步原因Reasonably p rudent p erson合理谨慎的人商业条款： Commerce Clause 夜晚破门入户企图犯重罪： burglary 联邦刑事诉讼法规： Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure排除合理怀疑： proof beyond reasonable doubt隐私权： rightofprivacy以第五条修正案作为辩护理 由P ：lead the Fifth失审：mistrial认罪协商： pleabargainingAcquitted 无罪actusreus ：犯罪行为Allege ：声称Bail：保释bill of attainder ：未经审批直接判有罪Burglary ：闯入他人室内并实施其他犯罪Causation ：犯罪行为和结果之间的因果联系Circumstantial e vidence 旁证Confession：认罪Conspiracy ：共谋Culpable ：有罪的Diplomatic immunity ：外交豁免Entrapment ：诱捕Expostfacto ：溯及既往的First degree murder ：一级谋杀Indictment 刑事起诉状Involuntary manslaughter 因放任或过失在实施其他犯罪行为时造成他人死亡Knock and announce rule 警察搜查时的程序要求Larceny 盗窃Misdemeanor 轻罪Mitigatingcircumstances 罪行减轻情节Motive 犯罪动机Openingstatement 开庭陈述Parole 有条件释放，假释Peremptory challenge 无须理由要求陪审员回避Petty offence 轻微违法行为Police interrogation 警察讯问Probation 缓刑Provocation 挑衅，激怒Reasonable d oubt 合理怀疑Seizure 没收Sheriff 法警，警长Subpoena 传讯，强制传唤Treason 叛国罪Extradition 引渡Federalcriminalstatutes 联邦刑事法规Fictitious=fraudulent 欺骗性的；虚构的County jail 郡的看守所Conviction 定罪Accused ：被告Aforethought：预谋的Asphyxia ：窒息Bigamy 重婚罪Briber y：行贿罪capital p unishment ：死刑challenge for cause ：在陪审员资格审查中因法定原因要求陪审员回避Coercion ：强制Consent ：赞成，同意Corpus delicti ：犯罪事实Detention ：拘留Embezzle ：贪污Euthanasia ：安乐死Felony：重罪Habeas corpus 人身保护令Intoxication 中毒，喝醉Justifiable homicide 有正当理由杀人（如执行死刑）Knowingly 故意的犯罪心理MirandaWarning 米兰达警告Mistrial 因程序问题而导致的无效审判Money laundering 洗钱Obstruction of justice 妨碍司法公证Pardon 赦免Penal c ode 刑法典Perpetrator 犯罪者Plea b argaining 辩诉交易Presumption of innocence 无罪推定Prosecute 提起公诉Public defender 公设辩护律师Searchwarrant 搜查令Sentence 刑事判决，量刑Statutoryrape 法定强奸罪Summons 传票传唤Preponderance of t he evidence 优势证据原则Falsify 伪造Imprisonment 监禁Community service 社区义工Bail bondsmen 保释担保人Corrections officers 狱警Dismiss the charge 撤销指控Wrongfuldeath 错误致死More-than-ordinary=recklessness=criminal negligence 轻率Misperceives reality 对现实认识错误Drug paraphernalia 毒品相关设备Man-endangering 危害到人Strict liability law 严格责任法律Proportionality principle 比例原则Fine 罚金Warrantless arrest 无证逮捕Information 检察院起诉书Excessive bail 过高的保释Judge-made doctrine 法官造法原则MirandaWarnings 米兰达警告Wiretapping statute 窃听法Detention 拘留Grand Jury Appearance 陪审团出席Hot Pursuit 越境追捕Custody 保管；监护Preliminary hearing 预审听证Suppression hearings 听证会Juror opposition 陪审员的反对Right to counsel 获得律师辩护的权利guilty plea 有罪答辩potential penalty 潜在的惩罚paroleterm 假释期限plea bargaining 认罪协商，辩诉交易prosecutorial vindictiveness 报复性起诉hearsay 传闻证据，道听途说harsher sentence 更严厉的判决reconviction 再判决；重新判决atypical and s ignificant hardship 非典型及重大困境，异常而重大的困苦felony murder 谋杀重罪sanity requirement 理智的需求mentalretardation 智力缺陷，精神发育迟缓first appeal 第二审；第一次上诉retroactivity 溯及既往probation 缓刑penologicalinterests 刑罚学利益medical malpractice 医疗事故；医疗纠纷；医Speedy jury trial 快速陪审团Incarcerate （被)监禁Careless/negligent 过失、疏忽大意Unintentional conduct 无意识行为Mistake of law 对法律认识错误Malicious behavior 邪恶行为Culprit 犯罪嫌疑人Gravity 严重性Infraction 侵害Arson 纵火Self-defense 自卫Infamous crime 不名誉罪Exclusive r ule 排除规则Fruit of the p oisonous tree 毒树之果Causal chain 因果关系Parole revocation 假释撤销Station House Detention 派出所拘留DeadlyForce 致命暴力Evanescentevidence 容易消失的证据Waiver 豁免；弃权Stand trial 提起诉讼Burdenofproof 举证责任Inconsistentverdict 不一致的判决Confront w itness 与证人对质plea agreemen 认罪协议tdefense c ounsel 辩护律师fatal 致命的；毁灭性的disproportionate 不成比例的，比例失调的confirmation 证明; 确认resentence 重新判决de novo 重新, 更始jury sentencing 陪审团的判决proportionality 比例原则，（行动、处罚等的）相称原则，恰当性lethalforce 致命武器insane 精神失常的recidivist statutes 累犯法frivolous 轻率的parole 假释imprisonment 关押，监禁contraband 走私，走私品unbiased 公正的；不偏不倚的；无偏见的疗过失double jeopardy 一事不再理原则juvenile proceedings 未成年人诉讼程序sentence enhancer 强化判决collateral estoppel 间接禁反言quasi-criminal 准刑事案；准刑事性；准刑事犯罪prostitute 妓女duly 及时的，适时的balance 差额；结余pertinent 有关的warrant 批捕令，搜查令MIMIC 模仿grandjurytestimony 大陪审团作证trespassory 非法盗窃exclusionary 排斥（性）的；排除在外的exercisestatutory law 成文法，制定法slander 口头诽谤invasion 侵略；侵入homicide 杀人行为maladjusted 失调的；不能适应环境的deus ex machina 解围的人或事件supervision 监督;管理firearm 火器，尤指手枪或步枪conversion 财产转换，兑换bribe 贿赂，行贿duress 强迫，胁迫，威胁false pretenses 欺诈，诈骗amicus curiae 法庭之友skips bail 跳过保释acquit 判决无罪，宣告无罪，开释nullification 无效;废弃mandatory 强制的，义务的contraband 走私attorneygeneral 首席检察官，司法部长grand jury 大陪审团burden 责任，义务prison i nmates 牢犯empanel 选任（陪审员）commencement 开端，开始separate sovereign 独立主权forfeiture 没收；丧失innocent owner 无辜所有主，无过错所有人exigent 紧急的；迫切的accusatory 控告的，控诉的suppress 禁止，使止住handcuff 上手铐prima f acie c ase 表面上证据确凿的案件wingspan 翼幅；翼展Criminal Procedure L aw (CPL) 刑事诉讼法defraud 欺诈magistrate 地方法官，治安官the Rosario doctrine 罗萨里奥学说、理论preponderance 优势；多数battery 殴打罪libel（书面）诽谤extortion 强取；敲诈；勒索malum in se 不法, 不法行为responsiblecorporateofficer 公司管理负责人员forgery 伪造，伪造的文书、签名等misappropriation 侵吞，挪用，滥用;私吞wirefraud 网络诈骗，电信诈骗espionage 侦察;间谍活动assault 突袭，侵犯（人身），威胁kidnapping 绑架searchwarrant 搜查证white collar crime 白领犯罪double-jeopardy 一事不再理原则conspiracy 阴谋，同谋，串谋，共谋closing statements 结束的控词nolocontendere 无罪申诉（刑事诉讼中，被告不认罪但又放弃申辩）prerequisite 先决条件，前提borne by 由……。

常用术语总结一、基本概念及用法债权人：obligee债务人：obligor一方：one party对方\相对人：the other party；善意相对人：the other party in good faith债权:creditor’s right； right to performance; right债务/义务: obligation标的物：subject matter责任：liability要约：offer;承诺：acceptance;要约邀请：invitation to offer;要约人:offeror受要约人:offeree收件人：recipient代理人：agent被代理人/本人：principle行为人:person performing （such) act代理权：agency authority应当:shall可以：may不能：may not不正当：improperly有权做. . 。

：may； is entitled to do履行义务：perform obligation， render performance订立合同：enter into a contract； conclude a contract; form a contract带来损失：cause loss to . 。

损害利益：harm somebody’s interest赔偿损失：indemnify the other party for its loss由某人承担费用：expenses shall be borne by sb。

承担损害赔偿责任：be liable for damages各自承担相应的责任:bear their respective liabilities accordingly要求承担违约责任:hold . 。

. liable for breach of contract享有权利、承担义务:assume right and obligation二、各个条文中的术语合同订立采取。

Part One Basis of Legal English公证人：notary 立遗嘱者：testator专门名词；术语：terminology 承租人：tenant故意的；蓄意的：deliberate 等同；同价物：equivalent责任：obligation 终止：termination对等的，互惠的：reciprocal 开端：commencement分期付款：instalment 制定：formulation上述的；前述的：aforesaid 恐吓，威胁：intimidate不当：inappropriate 议会，国会：parliament审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal 不可撤销的：irrevocable否认：negative 拆分；分立：split诉讼：litigation 传唤；传讯：summon赔偿；补偿：compensation 诉讼当事人：litigant辩解；申诉；事实陈述：allegation提起（申请等）；提起（诉讼等）；把……登记备案：file质询（书）：interrogatories 伪证；伪证罪：perjury否定：denial 庭外采证：deposition小册子：booklet 控告（某人）犯罪：impeach常设的；永久的：permanent （法庭上证人的）证词：testimony调解、调停：mediation 仲裁：arbitration法官；裁判官；法官席：bench 无陪审团员的审判：bench trail一致的：unanimous （陪审团的）裁决，判决，结论：verdict强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory 批捕令；搜查令：warrant财产保全；查封；扣押：attachment 留置权，扣押权：lien赔偿金：damages 欺诈，误导：deceive泄露：divulge 侵权：infringement举证责任：the burden of proof 诉讼案件：lawsuit宪法的：constitutional 控告：prefer入侵：invasion 动产：chattel租约：lease 执行者：executor成文法：statute 诉状：pleading样式条款：boilerplate clause 公司面纱：corporate veil无效的：null and void 全部，所有的人：all and sundry其他以外：inter alia= among others 保释：bailment：abatement 宣告无效：annul将……遗赠：bequeath 报酬：emolument起源：provenance 扣押财物：distress扣押：seizure 拘押：hold本金：the principal sum 合适和恰当：fit and proper规定，条款：provision 争议，纠纷或索赔：dispute，controversy orclaim储蓄：deposits承诺,同意和契约：promise，agree andcovenant原告：plaintiff 诉状：complaint被告：defendant 代表自己，自辩：pro se（without an attorney）承认：admission 和解协议：settlement回避：for cause 协商；法律顾问：counsel交叉盘问：cross examination 专家证人：expert witness诉由不成立：no cause 无效审判：mistrial清偿保证书：satisfaction 推翻：overturn发回重审：relitigante back 自由心证：power of discretionary宣誓过的：sworn 先行本：advance sheet法典注释：annotated code 法警：bailiff法律顾问：barrister 受益人：beneficiary汇票：bill of exchange 最佳证据：best evidence引证：citation or cite 传讯者：citator编成法典：codify 法令：decree最高上诉法院：court of last resort 记录法庭：court of record法庭书记官：court reporter 授权立法：delegated legislation法律汇编：digest 备审案件目录表：docket（写在判决书前面的）摘要：headnote 对答案有诱导性的提问：leading question名义上的当事人：nominal party 初审管辖：original jurisdiction律师助手：paralegal 被告：respondent州长：sheriff 单行本：slip law遵循先例：stare decisis （判决书的）判决理由/说明：syllabus摘要：synonym 正式起诉书：true bill法令：wirt 传票：subpoena悬而未决的陪审团：hung jury 习惯法：common law拉丁语：Bona fide = good faith 善意De novo =anew 重新；更始Ex parte =from one side 片面的Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保护令In re =in the matter of 关于，对于Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding theverdict 否定裁决Per capita =by leads 人均Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判词对价：consideration 相对人：counterpart汇票：draft 兑现：honor票据：instrument 请求：motionChapter Two American Legal Regime=巡回上诉法院：Federal Circuit美国联邦上诉法院：United States Court ofAppeals for the Federal Circuit最高法院：Supreme Court 上诉法院：Court of Appeals中级上诉法院：intermediate Courts 高级法院上诉庭：Appellate Division，SupremeCourt美国案例选编：American Law Reports 法律百科全书：Corpus Juris Secundum任命：nominate 任期：tenure等级制度；统治集团：hierarchy 司法权，管辖权；管辖范围：jurisdiction地方法官，治安官：magistrate 转让（法律权利或义务）：assign遗嘱检验法庭：probate court 少年法庭：juvenile court仲裁人：arbiter 对（指诉讼，比赛中等）；相对：versus无效；废弃：nullification 执行，施行，实施（法律等）；免除：dispense 疏忽，过失；粗心大意：negligence 支持者；建议者；提出认证遗嘱者；提出证据的人：proponent渊源；根源：source 立法机关；立法机构；立法部；（特指）州会议：legislature合理的：equitable 挑选陪审团成员：impanel证词，证据：testimony 陪审员名单：array挑选陪审团的过程：voir dire 自由裁量权：discretion强制的；不得上诉的：peremptory 当事人；诉讼委托人：client审议：deliberation 偏一方的：partisan审判官似的；调查官似的；爱打听的：inquisitorial Vt.仲裁，裁判N.裁判，仲裁人：umpire对抗性的，敌对的：adversarial 上诉的，受理上诉的：appellate审理委员会；特别法庭：tribunal 前提：premise送还，还押；发回重审：remade 发誓：swear抵押；抵押品；质权：pledge 依照法令的；法定的：statuary成文法；制定法：statuary law 制定（法律）；颁布：enact判例，先例：precedent Adj.立法的，有立法权的N.立法权；立法机构：legislativeAdj.适当的Vt.占用，侵吞：appropriate竞合：concurrence传票；引证：citation 概要，大纲：synopsis控告，起诉：prosecution 复审：review证人证言：affidavit 再审：rehear全体陪审员：panel 参议院：Senate大陪审团：grand jury 僵局：deadlock分配，分布：distribution 有效：valid过错相抵：contributory negligence 篡改：tamper专利池：patent pool 证据规则：evidentiary rules纠问式：inquisitorial system of justice 纠错法院：Court of Errors诉讼文件移送命令：certiorari 撤销：vacate驳回：dismiss 中止：order暂停：stay 发回重审：remand异议：dissent 特权：privilege抗辩制度：adversarial system 主张，用户：advocacy公平的：impartial 自认犯罪：self-incrimination公告，宣告：announcement 有说服力的法律依据：persuasive authority 处理：dispose 廉正：integrity苏格拉底问法：socratic method 民事诉讼：civil procedure法律术语：legalese 法律联合会：legal fraternity附录：appendix 公司章程：article of incorporation出庭律师：attorney of record 计费工时：billable hour顾问：consultant 标准：criterion法官的附带意见：dictum 网域名称：domain name委托书：engagement letter 当庭提出证据：exhibit出口许可证：export license 合营企业：joint venture许可证协议：license agreement 贷款申请：loan application公证人：notary public 专利申请书：patent application公民投票权：referendum 股东，股票持有人：shareholder法定时效：statute of limitation 可撤销的合同：voidable contract分区条例：zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法权：judicial power 合法的：legitimate合法化，正当性：legitimacy 海事法，海商法：admiralty海事管辖权：maritime jurisdiction 按照，根据：pursuant to/in pursuance of全权：plenary power 阐明：set forth终身任期：life tenure 被授予、赋予（权利）：be vested with原始（初审）管辖权：original（trial）jurisdiction 上诉管辖权：appellate jurisdiction自动生效：self-executing 共同管辖权，并存管辖权：concurrentjurisdiction参考司法性（或审判）解释：advisory opinions 做出裁判、裁决：rendition做出裁判裁决，判处：render 模拟诉讼：moot cases串通诉讼：collusive suits 成熟原则：ripeness doctrine确认判决，宣告是判决：declaratory judgment 诉由，诉讼资格：standing可归因于：be attributable to 可救济性：redressability裁决，裁定：ruling 规避（原则）：abstention不适用联邦管辖权（以避免和州管辖权的冲突）：abstain以……作为前提/条件：be premised on待决的，未决的：pending 禁止、命令、指示：enjoinV. 阻却、禁止N. 阻碍、阻却因素；法律界：bar豁免权：immunity立法权：legislative power 明确列举的权力：enumerated power默示的权利：implied power 辅助/附属权利：auxiliary/ancillary power必要与适当条款：necessary and proper clause 实施、实行：carry into execution人头税：capitation 直接税，对财产征收的税：direct taxes公共基金开支权：spending power 贸易权：commerce power国会调查权：investigatory power 弹劾：impeachment剥夺……（权利）：deprive of/abridge of 铸币：coin money立法权的委托/授予：delegation of legislative power 三权分立原则：the separation of power doctrine促进、助长、推动：in furtherance of 申请……：petition of公共职权：public functions 有溯及力的，溯及既往的：retroactive剥夺公民权法案：bills of attainder 事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的：ex postfacto程序性的正当程序：procedural due process 实质性正当程序：substantive due process平等保护：equal protection 裁决、判决：adjudication个人财产：personal belongings 法定权利：entitlement任意的、武断的：arbitrary 在下、从下：infra中登记审查（标准）：intermediate scrutiny 严格审查（标准）：strict scrutiny（maximumscrutiny）合理依据、最低审查（标准）：rational basis引发、触发：trigger（minimal scrutiny）不合理分类：suspect classification 监禁、禁闭：incarceration受制于、以……为条件：be subject to 主要因素：predominant factor为……量身定做：be tailored to 授权条款：enabling provision商业条款：Commerce Clause 必要的国家利益：compelling state interest歧视性待遇：disparate treatment 准嫌疑犯分类：quasi-suspect classification纠正歧视行动：affirmative action 不正当关系：illicit relationships确认生父诉讼、亲子鉴定诉讼：paternity suits 基本权利：fundamental rights避孕药物、避孕工具：contraception 包括、包含：encompass撤销、使无效：revoke 财政部：The Treasury Department流产，堕胎：abortion 全体出席的：plenary实施：implement 严格的必要性：strict necessity原因：causation 确权之诉：quiet title action修正案：amendment 驱逐出境：deport支持：upheld 代表：delegate违反：infringe 有特权的：prerogative损害：impair 非惩罚性：non-punitive区别对待：discriminatory application 避孕：contraceptives反驳：rebuttal 据说，据称：allegedly牵连：entanglement 十足信用法案：full faith and credit授权，命令：mandate 问题的可讨论性，未决状态：mootness司法审查：judicial review 多元管辖权：diversity jurisdiction当代的，同时代的：contemporary 批准，认可：ratification行政部门：executive branch 取缔诽谤：outlaw slander使无效：invalidate 授予，给予：confer详尽的，彻底的：exhaustivepart4promise允诺agreement between the parties 当事人之间的协议acceptance承诺a meeting of minds意见一致mutual assent当事人之间的协议executed contracts已履行合同executory contracts待履行合同specialty contract书面盖印合同valid 有效的parol contract非要式合同void 无效的simple contract简单合同voidable 可撤销的offer 要约unenforceable 不能强制执行contracts under seal 盖印合同revocation撤回contracts in writing书面合同rejection by the offeree受要约人拒绝contracts evidenced in writing有书面证明的合同counter-offer反要约lapse of time期限届满口头合同oral contracts incapacity无行为能力unqualified无条件的failure of a condition subject to which the offerwas made要约条件未能满足conditional assent 有条件的同意standing offer持续要约performance履行return performance 相应允诺the mirror image rule镜像原则letter书信telegram电报Mail-box Rule投邮主义consideration对价the promisee被允诺人past consideration is no consideration过去的对价不是对价公共职责public dutyaccord and satisfaction和解与清偿the principle of mutuality相关性原则允诺禁反言原则doctrine of promissory estoppel 衡平禁反言原则doctrine of equitable estoppelexpress terms明示条款implied terms 默示条款exemption clauses免责条款condition 条件warranty担保rescind 废除repudiate拒绝履行the concept of total integration合同完整性的概念certainty确定性terms implied in fact事实上的默示terms implied in law 法律上的默示customary implied terms惯例性的条款the contra proerentem不利于提供者规则the repugancy rule 矛盾解释规则the four corners rule四角规则the Control of Exemption Clauses Act管制免责条款条例warning notices警告性通知capacity to contract缔约能力minor 未成年人 a person under the influence of drink醉酒的人persons of unsound mind精神病人corporations公司mistake错误misrepresentation虚假陈述duress胁迫undue influence不当影响illegality非法性validity 效力operative mistakes关键性错误liable to be set aside衡平法上被撤销common or identical mistakes相同之错误mutual mistakes双方错误non-identical mistake不相同之错误unilateral mistake 单方错误non est factum非我所签契约null and void 无效fraudulent misrepresentation欺诈性的虚假陈述innocent or neglient misrepresentation无过错或过失性的虚假陈述affirm确认duress to a person对人的胁迫duress to goods 对货物的胁迫economic duress经济胁迫actual undue influence实际不当影响persumed undue influence假设不当影响inequality of bargaining power谈判能力的不对等unconscionability显示公平制度operation of law依法定得解除illegal contract strictly so called严格意义上的非法合同illegal contract traditionally so called传统的非法合同illegal as formed成立违法illegal as performed履行违法intended beneficiaries 有益受害人incidental beneficiaries 附带受益人discharged解决performance履行tender of performance交付履行frustration合同落空impossibility履行不能履约具有不现实性impracticabilityoccurrence of condition subsequent后续条件的发生rescission合同的废除novation合同的更新cancellation合同的取消release弃权书substituted contract替代合同account stated明细账lapse 终止（或失效）supervening illegality继起违法breach of contract违约anticipatory breach预期违约damages损害赔偿action for an agreed sum商定金额之诉quantum meruit按合理价格支付specific performance实际履行injunction禁令alternative dispute resolution替代性纠纷解决机制corporate law 公司法new words and expressionsnominalized 使转变为名词inducememt诱因，诱导abstain抑制，弃权solemnity庄严destitute使丧失perpetrator做坏事者，犯罪者usage惯例revocation撤销，撤回contingency意外事故，偶发事件dispatch发出telex电传facsimile传真detriment损害，伤害forbearance忍耐，克制，不作为undertaking承诺accure发生，产生charter包租，租用vessel船舶lumber木材freight运费furnish提供aver提出appellee被上诉人demurrer异议，抗辩rescind废除repudiate拒不履行reputable值得尊重的shack棚屋，简陋的小屋emasculate阉割，削弱collateral附属的demolish摧毁，推翻，驳倒absurdity荒谬的shear(shore,shorn)切断，剥夺rote死记硬背，生搬硬套perjury伪证（罪）supersede废除，废弃officious爱管闲事的efficacy功效indemnity赔偿（金）onus义务，负担subrogation代位（求偿权）dissipate挥霍vitiate（使）消弱，（使）无效salvage救援，营救reef礁，暗礁tender招标ab initio自始，从开始时status quo现状rescission废除puff吹嘘pecuniary金钱的restitutio in integrum[拉]恢复原状rogue无赖，流氓avoidance废止，无效uberrimae fidei [拉]最大诚信coercive强制的；强迫的convent女修道院ward被监护人devotee皈依者the balance of probabilities可能性较高者consummate完成lopsided不平等的infirmity虚假defraud诈取，骗取ex turpi causa non oritur actio [拉]非法或不道德行为不能取得诉因quantum meruit [拉]（无合同规定时）支付合理报酬；应得额；合理金额quantum valebant [拉]支付合理价格原则oust剥夺，驱逐solus单独的covenant协议，协定effectuate实行，完成supervening接着发生revoke撤销；取消encompass围绕；包含concurrent同时发生的coronation加冕礼exculpatory辩解的，辨明无罪的remote damages间接损失expectation interest期待利益reliance interest信赖利益restitution interest返还利益liquidated damages约定损害赔偿金maxim格言permeate弥漫，遍布subterfuge托词，借口evasion规避，遁词overt明显的，公开的slack off松懈；懈怠a Mareva injunction玛瑞瓦禁令warranty保修单，担保Textinternational business transactions国际商业活动；国际经济交往securities law证券法franchise 特许经营contract合同，有法律约束力的承诺或协议Convention on the International Sales ofGoods(CISG) 联合国国际货物销售合同公约restatement再声明，重述duty义务; 职责，责任binding有约束力的deed 地契，土地证stipulation契约，约定，协定seal 密封文档，密封（证明真实有效）evidenced in writing有书面证明的formation成立mutual assent相互同意manifestation表现形式bound 有义务的advertisements of rewards悬赏广告auction拍卖lapse of offer要约失效revocation撤回English law英国法option期权，选择权Blackacre黑地，黑田（辩论中的假设名字，与whiteacre相对）contingency意外事故，偶发事件standing offer持续要约writ of error纠错令decree判决，裁定Chancery Courts大法官法庭，大法庭refinance再融资Chancellor首席法官，大法官unqualified没有附加的条件的conditional assent附条件同意return promise 反允诺order confirmation确认订单terms and conditions 条款及细则general conditions of sale销售的一般条件；买卖共同条件；一般销售条件UNIDROIT PICC 国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则Mail-Box Rule邮箱规则consideration 对价detriment损害，伤害promisee受约人promisor做出承诺者，契约者，要约人executory待执行的executed已执行的accord and satisfaction和解与清偿full settlement of a debt全额清偿the principle of mutuality交互性原则promissory承诺的，约定的suspensory中止的Privy Court枢密院法庭resume恢复the principle本人，被代理人，委托人；保证人；财产，信托财产Doctrine of Equitable Estoppel衡平禁反言原则qualification条件，资格charter party租船合同frustrate the main purpose of the contract主要目的受阻volition自愿选择the Parol Evidence Rule口头证言规则total integration一体化；完全整合absurdity 荒谬，不合理genesis起源；开端superseded documents替代文件officious bystander好事的旁观者negligence过失；疏忽the inserter起草者indemnity赔偿（金）the onus of proof举证责任Age of Majority Act成人年龄法guarantees of minors’ contracts未成年人保证责任guarantee被保人subrogation代位清偿unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity心智不全fiduciary基于信托的，受托人，被信托人non est factum否认立约inducement引诱，诱导actionable misrepresentation可诉的虚假陈述restitutio in integrum恢复原状Uberrimae Fidei最大诚信原则，坦率诚实the Utmost Good Faith最大善意原则prospectus说明书，简介，募股章程undue influence 不当影响contemplation深思熟虑，沉思self-induced自己导致的，自己诱导的vendor卖方，卖主operation of law(OOL) 法律的实施（效果）mutual rescission相互解约unilateral rescission单方废止；债权人得单方解除契约frustrating events受阻事项a final balance 最后应付余额，最后结余；最后平衡original transactions原始交易commercial impracticability商业不现实性Statute of Limitations诉讼时效impossible of performance履行不能supervening illegality继起违法frustration of purpose合同目的落空coronation加冕礼Forcr Majeure Clauses 不可抗力条款remoteness of damage损害的间隔性foreseeability可预见性,预见性unliquidated damages未经算定损害赔偿；未清算的损失；未确定损害赔偿额extravagant奢侈的；挥霍的claimant原告，索赔者specific performance照规定严格执行constant supervision持续监督good faith善意；真诚good faith performance合同履行中的诚信原则；善意履行express repudiation明示的履行拒绝interlocutory (判决等)在诉讼期间宣告的perpetual不间断的；持续的prohibitory禁止的mandatory强制的；法定的pending trial候审期间，未决事项Municiple Courts市法院Choice of Forum Clause选择法院条款Forum Selection Clause法院管辖之条款Choice of Law Clause适用法律选择条款commercial arbitration商事仲裁arbitration agreement仲裁协议arbitration clauses仲裁条款exercisecontested 有争议的recital 一系列事件等的详述boilerplate样板文件；公式化，陈词滥调Caveat Emptor货物出门概不退换，买主须自行当心（货物的品质）；买主当心prevail占优势option contract期权合同merchandise 货物leverage杠杆作用，举债经营Statute of Fraudes反欺诈法unconscionability显失公平;显失公平原则unjust enrichment不正当得利third-party beneficiary 受益第三方 detrimental reliance有害依赖；不利之信赖forfeiture没收，丧失material breach重大违约，实质性违约illusory promise虚幻允诺rescind废除；撤销omission疏忽，懈怠，做某事失败Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)美国统一商法典in pais无法律手续或书据quasi-contract准契约；准合同Unit Five故意侵权intentional torts 殴打battery威吓assault 非法监禁false imprisonment侵害地产或动产trespass to Land/Chattels 侵占他人动产conversion故意精神伤害Intentional infliction ofemotional distress抗辩事由defenses特权privilege 原告同意consent正当防卫self-defense 紧急避险necessity责任duty 不履行责任breach实际损失或伤害actual loss or damage 原告过失contributory negligence比较过失comparative negligence 自冒风险assumption of risk明示自冒风险express assumption of risk 免责条款exculpatory clause暗示自冒风险implied assumption of risk 后果的预见性foreseeability of consequences 中介原因intervening cause 连带责任joint and several liability补偿indemnity 分担contribution土地所有人possessor 所有权人owner占有人occupier 自然危险情况natural hazards土地侵权人trespasser 被许可人licensee侵权儿童trespassing children 诱惑性公海原则attractive nuisance doctrine 被邀请人invitee 商业被邀请人business invitee不当行为/不当履行misfeasance 懈怠不作为/不作为nonfeasance替代责任vicarious liability 低于成本销售sales below cost侵犯隐私privacy torts 盗用他人肖像权appropriation侵扰他人私生活intrusion 扭曲他人形象public disclosure of private life 不正当竞争competitive torts 虚假宣传false advertising倾销dumping 雇主负责制respondent superiorLiability for negligence 过失责任Civil liability 民事责任Remedies 损害赔偿Invasion of privacy侵犯隐私Defamation 诽谤Fraud 欺诈Misrepresentation 虚假表述Conversion 侵犯他人财产Trespass非法侵入Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/财产Product liability 产品责任Restitution返还原物，赔偿金Damages 赔偿金Compensatory damages 补偿性伤害赔偿金Punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿金Special damages 特定损害赔偿金Discrete 分离的Affinity亲切关系The statute of limitations 诉讼时效Causation 因果关系Tavern 客栈Cause in fact 事实上的原因Hatchet 短柄小斧；言归于好Proximate cause 最近原因Integrity完整Malice恶意Prima facie case 表面上证据确凿的案件Blackout 灯火管制；暂时失去知觉Impediment 妨碍Res Ipsa Loquitur 让事实说话Quare clausum fregit 缘何侵入私地令Foreseeability 预见性Intermeddle干涉Tort-feasor 侵权行为人Dispossess 剥夺Misconduct 行为不当Misfeasance 错误行为Non-feasance 不行为Agrarian 土地的，农村的Nuisance 妨害行为Public nuisance 公共公害Private nuisance 私人妨害Omission 疏忽；懈怠Contributory negligence 混合过失Entrant 参加者Confinement 拘禁Satisfaction 清偿Indemnity补偿Negligent misrepresentation 过失的虚假表述Malpractice 玩忽职守Sedition 煽动Libel 书面诽谤Loathsome 令人讨厌的Consortium 配偶的地位和权利Duty of care 注意义务Venereal 性交的Incompatible 矛盾的Unchastity 放荡Disparagement 轻视False light 扭曲他爱人形象Revelation 披露Deceive 欺诈Competitive torts 侵权竞合Idiosyncratic 独特的Premises 房地产Pass off 冒充Palm off 哄骗Recoup 重获Wherewithal 为做某事而需要的钱Disclose 告知Legal cause 法定原因，近因Supersede 取代Assailant 攻击者Warranty 担保；保单Defect 瑕疵Willful and wanton 放任的Accrue 利息等的自然增值；诉讼的发生Vicarious liability雇主责任，替代别人的责任A writ of trespass 侵害令状Intent 主观Confinement 监禁Volition 意愿Deliberation 深思熟虑Malice 预谋Trespass de bonis asportate 带走他人动产Vandal 蓄意破坏者Dispossess 剥夺占有Proximate cause 近因Blackout失去知觉Calculus of risk 风险预测计算Res ipsa Loquitur 不言自明But-for causation 若非因果关系Per curiam 全庭审Joint and several liability 共同连带责任Bystander 旁观者The impact rule影响规则Implied warranty 默示担保Premises liability 场所责任Entrant 新工作者;进入者Nuisance 妨害Liable 有责任的Dangerous instrumentality doctrine 危险工具Recreational premises 娱乐场所Criminal assailants 刑事攻击者Caveat lessee 警告承租人Caveat emptor 顾客留心（一经出售概不负责）Statutes of repose 除斥期间Misdiagnosis 错误的诊断Charitable immunity 慈善事业免责Municipal immunity 市场免责Vicarious liability 替代责任Defamation 诽谤Prima facie cause of action 诉讼的初步原因Restatement (second) of torts民事侵权行为重述（第二版）Prosser 普罗塞（美国杰出法官）Reasonably prudent person合理谨慎的人part 8双重主义：dual sovereignty 商业条款：Commerce Clause犯罪意图：mens rea 夜晚破门入户企图犯重罪：burglary联邦和州监狱：prison 或penitentiary 联邦刑事诉讼法规：Federal Rules of CriminalProcedure无罪推定：presumption of innocence 排除合理怀疑：proof beyond reasonabledoubt正当程序：due process 隐私权：right of privacy自证其罪：self-incrimination 以第五条修正案作为辩护理由：Plead theFifth悬而未决的陪审团：hung jury 失审：mistrial不抗辩：no contest/nolo contendere 认罪协商：plea bargaining双重危境：double jeopardyAcquitted 无罪Accused：被告actus reus：犯罪行为Aforethought：预谋的Allege：声称Asphyxia：窒息Bail：保释Bigamy重婚罪bill of attainder：未经审批直接判有罪Bribery：行贿罪Burglary：闯入他人室内并实施其他犯罪capital punishment：死刑Causation：犯罪行为和结果之间的因果联系challenge for cause：在陪审员资格审查中因法定原因要求陪审员回避Circumstantial evidence 旁证Coercion：强制Confession：认罪Consent：赞成，同意Conspiracy：共谋Corpus delicti：犯罪事实Culpable：有罪的Detention：拘留Diplomatic immunity：外交豁免Embezzle：贪污Entrapment：诱捕Euthanasia：安乐死Ex post facto：溯及既往的Felony：重罪First degree murder：一级谋杀Habeas corpus 人身保护令Indictment 刑事起诉状Intoxication 中毒，喝醉Involuntary manslaughter 因放任或过失在实施其他犯罪行为时造成他人死亡Justifiable homicide 有正当理由杀人（如执行死刑）Knock and announce rule 警察搜查时的程序要求Knowingly 故意的犯罪心理Larceny盗窃Miranda Warning 米兰达警告Misdemeanor 轻罪Mistrial 因程序问题而导致的无效审判Mitigating circumstances 罪行减轻情节Money laundering 洗钱Motive 犯罪动机Obstruction of justice 妨碍司法公证Opening statement 开庭陈述Pardon 赦免Parole 有条件释放，假释Penal code 刑法典Peremptory challenge 无须理由要求陪审员回避Perpetrator 犯罪者Petty offence 轻微违法行为Plea bargaining 辩诉交易Police interrogation 警察讯问Presumption of innocence 无罪推定Probation 缓刑Prosecute 提起公诉Provocation 挑衅，激怒Public defender 公设辩护律师Reasonable doubt 合理怀疑Search warrant 搜查令Seizure 没收Sentence 刑事判决，量刑Sheriff 法警，警长Statutory rape 法定强奸罪Subpoena 传讯，强制传唤Summons传票传唤Treason 叛国罪Extradition 引渡Preponderance of the evidence 优势证据原则Federal criminal statutes 联邦刑事法规Falsify 伪造Fictitious=fraudulent 欺骗性的；虚构的Imprisonment 监禁County jail 郡的看守所Community service 社区义工Conviction 定罪Bail bondsmen 保释担保人Corrections officers 狱警Speedy jury trial 快速陪审团Dismiss the charge 撤销指控Incarcerate （被)监禁Wrongful death 错误致死Careless/negligent 过失、疏忽大意More-than-ordinary=recklessness=criminalnegligence 轻率Unintentional conduct无意识行为Misperceives reality 对现实认识错误Mistake of law 对法律认识错误Drug paraphernalia 毒品相关设备Malicious behavior 邪恶行为Man-endangering 危害到人Culprit 犯罪嫌疑人Strict liability law 严格责任法律Gravity 严重性Proportionality principle 比例原则Infraction 侵害Fine 罚金Arson 纵火Warrantless arrest 无证逮捕Self-defense 自卫Information 检察院起诉书Infamous crime 不名誉罪Excessive bail 过高的保释Exclusive rule 排除规则Judge-made doctrine 法官造法原则Fruit of the poisonous tree 毒树之果Miranda Warnings 米兰达警告Causal chain 因果关系Wiretapping statute 窃听法Parole revocation 假释撤销Detention 拘留Station House Detention 派出所拘留Grand Jury Appearance 陪审团出席Deadly Force致命暴力Hot Pursuit 越境追捕Evanescent evidence 容易消失的证据Custody 保管；监护Waiver 豁免；弃权Preliminary hearing预审听证Stand trial 提起诉讼Suppression hearings 听证会Burden of proof 举证责任Juror opposition 陪审员的反对Inconsistent verdict不一致的判决Right to counsel 获得律师辩护的权利Confront witness 与证人对质guilty plea 有罪答辩plea agreemen 认罪协议tpotential penalty 潜在的惩罚defense counsel 辩护律师parole term假释期限fatal致命的；毁灭性的plea bargaining认罪协商，辩诉交易disproportionate不成比例的，比例失调的prosecutorial vindictiveness报复性起诉confirmation 证明; 确认hearsay传闻证据，道听途说resentence重新判决harsher sentence更严厉的判决de novo重新, 更始reconviction再判决；重新判决jury sentencing陪审团的判决atypical and significant hardship非典型及重大困境，异常而重大的困苦proportionality比例原则，（行动、处罚等的）相称原则，恰当性felony murder谋杀重罪lethal force致命武器sanity requirement 理智的需求insane精神失常的mental retardation智力缺陷，精神发育迟缓recidivist statutes累犯法first appeal第二审；第一次上诉frivolous轻率的retroactivity溯及既往parole假释probation缓刑imprisonment关押，监禁penological interests刑罚学利益contraband走私，走私品medical malpractice医疗事故；医疗纠纷；医unbiased公正的；不偏不倚的；无偏见的疗过失prison inmates牢犯double jeopardy一事不再理原则empanel选任（陪审员）juvenile proceedings未成年人诉讼程序commencement开端，开始sentence enhancer强化判决separate sovereign独立主权collateral estoppel间接禁反言forfeiture没收；丧失quasi-criminal准刑事案；准刑事性；准刑事犯罪innocent owner无辜所有主，无过错所有人exigent紧急的；迫切的prostitute妓女accusatory控告的，控诉的duly及时的，适时的suppress禁止，使止住balance差额；结余handcuff上手铐pertinent有关的prima facie case表面上证据确凿的案件warrant批捕令，搜查令wingspan翼幅；翼展MIMIC 模仿Criminal Procedure Law (CPL)刑事诉讼法grand jury testimony大陪审团作证defraud 欺诈trespassory非法盗窃magistrate地方法官，治安官exclusionary排斥（性）的；排除在外的the Rosario doctrine罗萨里奥学说、理论exercisestatutory law 成文法，制定法preponderance优势；多数slander 口头诽谤battery殴打罪invasion侵略；侵入libel（书面）诽谤homicide杀人行为extortion强取；敲诈；勒索maladjusted失调的；不能适应环境的malum in se不法, 不法行为deus ex machina解围的人或事件responsible corporate officer公司管理负责人员supervision监督;管理forgery伪造，伪造的文书、签名等firearm火器，尤指手枪或步枪misappropriation侵吞，挪用，滥用;私吞conversion财产转换，兑换wire fraud网络诈骗，电信诈骗bribe贿赂，行贿espionage 侦察;间谍活动duress强迫，胁迫，威胁assault突袭，侵犯（人身），威胁false pretenses欺诈，诈骗kidnapping绑架amicus curiae 法庭之友search warrant搜查证skips bail 跳过保释white collar crime白领犯罪acquit判决无罪，宣告无罪，开释double-jeopardy一事不再理原则nullification无效;废弃conspiracy阴谋，同谋，串谋，共谋mandatory强制的，义务的closing statements 结束的控词contraband 走私nolo contendere无罪申诉（刑事诉讼中，被告不认罪但又放弃申辩）attorney general首席检察官，司法部长grand jury大陪审团prerequisite 先决条件，前提burden责任，义务borne by由……。

第五章法律英语必学 2indemnify释义：indemnify是法律英语尤其是合同中一个常用单词，意思是补偿、赔偿，比compensate（补偿）的含义要广泛。

如Each party shall indemnify the other from any and all losses that may arise out of breach by such party of any of the warranties set forth in this Article.一方如果违反其在本条中的任何保证而使另一方发生损失，应向损失方做出赔偿。

infant/minor释义：infant的一般含义是婴儿，但在法律英语中表示未成年人，相当于minor.如the contract made by the an infant is voidable in accordance with the Chinese law.information释义：information也是法律英语中经常用到一个单词，其含义与在普通英语中一样，都是信息，如information right知情权，confidential information保密信息，information disclosure信息披露等固定用法。

infringement释义：infringement的意思是侵犯、违反，通常指对知识产权等无形资产的侵害，如Distributor shall immediately notify Supplier, upon discovery thereof, of any infringement or potential infringement of Supplier’s interests in the Marks and undertakes to cooperate with Supplier in its efforts to cure such infringement.一旦发现存在侵犯或潜在侵犯供应商的商标权益的行为，经销商应立即通知供应商，并应与供应商通力合作制止此类侵权行为。

法律英语词汇大全（完美版）一、基本法律词汇1. 法律（Law）：国家制定或认可的，用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。

2. 法规（Regulation）：国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。

3. 条款（Clause）：法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。

4. 判决（Judgment）：法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。

5. 律师（Lawyer）：依法取得执业资格，为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。

6. 诉讼（Lawsuit）：当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。

二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪（Crime）：违反刑法规定，危害社会，依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。

2. 罪名（Charge）：对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。

3. 刑罚（Punishment）：国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施，包括主刑和附加刑。

4. 刑事责任（Criminal Responsibility）：犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。

5. 量刑（Sentencing）：法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现，依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。

三、民法相关词汇1. 合同（Contract）：当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。

2. 权利（Right）：法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。

3. 义务（Obligation）：当事人依法应承担的责任。

4. 赔偿（Compensation）：因侵权行为给他人造成损失，依法应承担的经济补偿责任。

5. 继承（Inheritance）：继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。

四、商法相关词汇1. 公司（Company）：依法设立的，以营利为目的的企业法人。

2. 股东（Shareholder）：持有公司股份，享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。

3. 破产（Bankruptcy）：债务人因不能清偿到期债务，经法院宣告破产，对其财产进行清算的法律程序。

4. 票据（Bill）：具有一定格式，载明一定金额，由出票人签发，无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。