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摘要专用组合机床目前是一种普遍的机械装置，应用于大批量生产领域，具有相当的柔性，加工精度高，生产效率提高，劳动强度减轻。
本文就是社会生产的实际需要提出的设计题目。
根据现有的空气压缩机机身的相关资料，制定空气压缩机机身的加工工艺，组合铣机身三斜面的夹具设计、液压系统设计。
在此基础上提出新的加工工艺和符合新工艺的加工专用机床方案，让改进和创新后的产品更适合工厂和顾客的需求。
本文在对组合铣三斜面的工装设计过程中，对铣三个斜面及钻孔的专用夹具进行了全面的设计。
从夹具的外型尺寸设计到具体的一面两销限制自由度定位方案再到加工面精度的计算：液压进给系统的设计，本文也用了不少的篇幅。
重点根据液压系统的基本原理，画出合理的液压系统图；根据主要参数确定了液压元件的选择，在组合机床设计过程中结合具体实践和设计经验，阐述了通用件如（液压滑台）的选取及专用部件（如主轴箱）的设计计算。
最后希望此次设计的夹具和液压系统能达到预期的设计要求，并能在实际的应用中取得良好的效果。
关键词：组合机床；专用要求；工艺；钻夹具；液压AbstractSpecial combined machine tool is a mechanical device for universal, applicable to mass production, is quite flexible, high machining accuracy, improve production efficiency, reduce labor intensity.This paper is the design requirement of social production. According to the relevant data of the existing air compressor machine, machining process air compressor airframe design, fixture design, combination milling body three inclined planes of the hydraulic system. On the basis of this new processing technology is proposed and in line with the new technology of special machine tool for processing scheme, make improvement and innovation of the products more suitable for factories and customer needs.Based on the combination of the three bevel milling fixture design process, special fixture of milling three and inclined boreholes were comprehensive design. From the dimension design of fixture to the two side pin constrained degrees of freedom positioning scheme to the calculation of machining surface precision: the design of hydraulic feed system, this paper also use a lot of space. Key according to the basic principle of hydraulic system, draw the diagram of hydraulic system reasonable; according to the main parameters of hydraulic component has been selected, combined with the specific practice and experience in the design process in the design of the modular machine tool, describes the general parts (such as hydraulic slider) selection and special parts (such as the design and calculation of main spindle box).Finally, I hope this design fixture and hydraulic system can meet the design requirements, and can achieve good effect in actual application.Key words:unit built machine tool ;special requirements ;craftwork;drill jig ;hydraulic pressure目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)目录 (V)1 绪论 (1)1.1力源压缩机有限公司简介 (1)1.2本课题的意义目的 (1)1.3本设计的技术要求 (1)2 压缩机机身铣三斜面加工工艺规程设计 (2)2.1工艺方案的制定 (2)2.2产品图纸及结构分析 (2)2.3毛坯分析、要求及形式的确定 (3)2.3.1 毛坯种类的选择 (3)2.3.2 选择毛坯应考虑的因素 (3)2.3.3 确定毛坯的制造形式 (4)2.4拟定加工工艺路线 (4)2.4.1 定位基准的选择 (4)2.4.2 表面加工方法的选择 (5)2.4.3 加工顺序的安排 (5)2.5加工余量、工序尺寸及其公差和毛坯尺寸的确定 (7)2.5.1 加工余量的拟定 (7)2.5.2 加工余量及毛坯尺寸的确定 (8)2.5.3 工序尺寸及其公差的确定 (9)2.6加工工艺规程 (9)2.6.1 机械加工工艺规程的作用 (9)2.6.2 制定机械加工工艺的原则 (9)2.6.3 粗、精铣三斜面工序 (9)2.7工艺、主要工序卡片 (12)3 空压机机身铣三斜面专用机床总体设计概述 (17)3.1机床总体设计 (17)3.1.1 专用机床概述 (17)3.1.2 机床设计应满足的要求 (17)3.2机床设计方法 (18)3.3机床设计步骤 (19)3.4机床对部件设计的要求 (20)3.5加工零件图的设计 (21)3.5.1 被加工零件工序图的确定 (21)4 夹紧系统设计 (22)V4.1机床夹具概述 (22)4.1.1 工件装夹的实质 (22)4.1.2 机床夹具的功能 (22)4.1.3 机床夹具要点 (22)4.2夹具设计的主要依据 (23)4.3本工序夹具主要达到的目的 (23)4.4定位方案及定位基准的选择 (23)4.4.1 工件的定位分析 (23)4.4.2 工件定位方案及定位基准的选择 (24)4.4.3 定位元件的选择 (24)4.5定位误差分析计算 (24)4.5.1定位误差产生的原因 (24)4.5.2定位误差的计算 (25)4.6夹紧方式及夹紧装置设计 (25)4.6.2 夹压方向及夹压点选择 (26)4.6.3 夹紧力的计算 (27)4.6.4 具体结构设计 (27)4.7夹具体设计 (29)4.7.1 对夹具体的要求 (29)4.7.2 夹具体的结构设计 (29)4.7.3 加工方案 (31)4.8夹具与机床的链接 (31)4.8.1 对刀元件 (31)4.8.2 夹具与机床的链接 (31)5 液压系统的设计 (33)5.1对液压系统的要求 (33)5.2工件进给系统的计算 (33)5.2.1 工况分析 (33)5.2.2 液压缸的载荷组成与计算 (33)5.2.3 液压缸的主要尺寸的确定 (34)5.3控制元件设计及液压系统图 (36)5.3.1 流量控制设计 (36)5.3.2 压力控制设计 (37)5.3.3 能耗控制设计 (37)5.3.4 拟定液压系统图 (37)5.4元、辅件规格的选择 (38)5.4.1 泵及驱动电机规格选择 (38)5.4.2 元辅件的选定 (39)5.4.3 结构配置设计 (39)5.4.4 性能验算 (39)5.5工进进给系统分析 (40)5.6液压系统的调试与维修 (41)5.6.1 液压系统的调试 (41)5.6.2 液压系统的维修 (42)6 结论与展望 (43)6.1结论 (43)6.2不足之处及未来展望 (43)致谢 (44)参考文献 (45)VII机体三斜面铣削专机设计1 绪论1.1 力源压缩机有限公司简介力源压缩机有限公司是在历史名城无锡，原第二压缩机厂改组建的有限责任公司，专业制造空气压缩机和空气净化设备的专业公司。
人工智能技术的英语artificial intelligence technology常见释义：英[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns tekˈnɒlədʒi]美[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns tekˈnɑːlədʒi]例句：虽然现在针对选择题和判断正误题的自动评分系统已经非常普遍，但利用人工智能技术对短文进行评分尚未得到教育工作者的广泛认可，而且批评声也很多。
Although automated grading systems for multiple-choice and true-false tests are now widespread, the use of artificial intelligence technology to grade essay answers has not yet received widespread acceptance by educators and has many critics.将CAD和人工智能技术引入组合夹具设计中，可以提高生产效率、减轻劳动强度、缩短生产准备周期和加快产品上市时间。
Introducing CAD and artificial intelligence technology into modular fixture design can improve production efficiency, lighten working intensity, reduce manufacturing lead-time and marketing time.听上去够酷的了，不过该公司已经开始研发包含摄像头和人工智能技术的升级版鞋子，不仅可以探测到障碍物，还可以检测出是何种障碍物。
That sounds impressive enough, but the company is already working on a much more advanced version that incorporates cameras and artificial intelligence to not only detectobstacles but also their nature.Java语言特点及其对人工智能技术的影响和促进Characteristics of Java Language and the Action of Influence and Promotion of it for AI Technology。
以下是一篇关于夹具设计的外文文献示例：Title: Design and Optimization of Fixture for Manufacturing Systems: A ReviewAbstract: Fixtures play a critical role in manufacturing systems by securely holding the workpiece during various machining and assembly operations. It is essential to design efficient and effective fixtures to ensure accurate and reliable production processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of fixture design and optimization techniques in manufacturing systems. Various methodologies, such as analytical, heuristic, and numerical approaches, are discussed. The paper also highlights the challenges and future research directions in fixture design and optimization.Keywords: fixture design, manufacturing systems, optimization, workpiece, machining, assemblyIntroduction: Fixtures are widely used in manufacturing systems to provide stability and positioncontrol for the workpiece during machining, welding, and assembly operations. The design and optimization of fixtures are critical for the overall performance and quality of the manufacturing process. This paper aims to review the existing literature on fixture design and optimization techniques to provide insights and guidelines for researchers and practitioners in the field.Methods: The review is based on a systematic analysis of published research articles, conference papers, and patents related to fixture design and optimization. Various search engines and databases were used to identify relevant literature. The selected papers were analyzed and categorized based on the methodology used, such as analytical, heuristic, and numerical approaches.Results: The review demonstrates that fixture design and optimization have been extensively studied in manufacturing systems. Analytical methods, such as mathematical modeling and kinematic analysis, arecommonly used for fixture layout and configuration design. Heuristic approaches, such as rule-based and expert system methods, provide intuitive and practical solutions for fixture design. Numerical optimization techniques, such as finite element analysis and genetic algorithms, offer advanced optimization methods for fixture design.Discussion: The review reveals several challenges in fixture design and optimization, such as the trade-off between fixture complexity and cost, the consideration of dynamic loading conditions, and the integration of advanced materials and technologies. Future research directions include the development of intelligent fixture systems, the application of virtual reality and augmented reality in fixture design, and the exploration of sustainable and eco-friendly fixture materials.Conclusion: Fixture design and optimization are crucial for manufacturing systems to achieve accurate and reliable production processes. This review providesa comprehensive overview of fixture design and optimization techniques in the existing literature. The findings can guide researchers and practitioners in the development of efficient and effective fixtures for manufacturing systems.该文献的详细信息和全文内容可能需要通过在线学术数据库或图书馆资源获取。
What We DoHALT – Highly Accelerated Life TestHASS – Highly Accelerated Stress Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3An Advanced System For Accelerated Testing . . . . . . . . . . 3How We Do ItThe Elements of a SuccessfulAccelerated Stress Test (AST) Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Goals, Budgets, and ROI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Testing and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Knowledge Support for AST Program Success . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Solutions GroupESPEC Solutions Group (ASK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Fixture Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Testing Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Hobbs Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5OverviewThe QFusion System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6The Typhoon Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6The Inferno System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6HawQ (Patent Pending) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6The OVTT Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Mechanical Halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6HALT/HASS Reliability Testing SystemsQFusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Typhoon 8.0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Typhoon 4.0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Typhoon 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Typhoon 2.5+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Typhoon 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Typhoon 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13HawQ™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Typhoon 4.0+ Inferno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Typhoon 2.5+ Inferno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15OVTT18 and OVTT24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Mechanical Halt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17World’s Largest HALT/HASS ProviderESPEC North America is the largest manufacturer of AST (Accelerated Stress Testing)equipment worldwide. The Qualmark brand HALT (Highly Accelerated Life Test) and HASS (Highly Accelerated Stress Screen) testing technology has been recognized as one of the fastest and most e ective disciplines for design reliability testing and production screening for electronics and electromechanical devices.Innovative System TechnologyThe Qualmark brand pioneered accelerated stress test technology in the early 1990s and has since consistently led the market in technology innovation. In 2009 thebrand introduced the next generation vibration table – the xLF2™. The xLF2 provides the rst and only “ eld maintainable” PSD (Power Spectral Density) table, allowing for simple maintenance procedure to restore the table to Factory PSD.Accelerated Testing Knowledge LeaderThe Qualmark brand o ers a wide range of Applications support, Skills, and Knowledge (ASK) speci cally designed so that best practices are applied to HALT/ HASS system use for maximum returns. The ESPEC Solutions Group adds to the value derived from accelerated testing by customizing services to target customer speci c program optimization. The educational value of the ESPEC Solutions Group can dramatically improve reliability program outcomes and deliver faster product pro tability. It’s never too early or late to “ASK” the ESPEC Solutions Group for the expert support you need.LN 2 InfrastructureLN 2 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Qualmark L N 2 Eciency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Vacuum Jacketed (VJ) Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19LN 2 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Typhoon MVIP TM Dewar KitTyphoon — 2.5/3.0 3 Position MVIP Dewar Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Modular Vacuum Insulated Pipe MVIP — Superiority Through Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21VJ Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21System Con guration OptionsTable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Certi ed European (CE) Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Additional Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Safety Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23L iquid Nitrogen Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23AccessoriesData Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Monitor And Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Fixturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Spares Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25UpgradesPLC Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25xLF2 Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Service ProgramsAnnual Technical Support Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Extended Parts Warranty Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Preventative Maintenance & Calibration Services Program . . . 26 Annual Maintenance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Tech Enhancement and Maintenance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Table of Contents1HALT – Highly Accelerated Life TestHASS – Highly Accelerated Stress ScreenHALT and HASS, collectively referred to as AcceleratedStress Testing (AST), subject a product to a series of stresses, e ectively forcing product weak links to emerge by accel-erating fatigue. Unlike traditional single axis vibration test methods or thermal only methods, an AST program requires specialized HALT/HASS equipment to render the required stresses – random six-degree-of-freedom vibration and rapid thermal change rates – in the combined environment necessary to drive out latent failure modes.In HALT and HASS, stresses are applied in a controlled, in-cremental fashion while the unit under test is continuously monitored for failures. Once the weaknesses of the product are uncovered and corrective actions taken, the limits of the product are clearly understood and the operating margins have been extended as far as possible. The result? A more mature product can be introduced much more quickly with a higher degree of reliability.ESPEC – Accelerating Product ReliabilityBecause we focus on the way rapid shock technology can be utilized to support business goals, ESPEC forms strategic partnerships, provides expert services, and o ers profession-al programs designed to deliver maximum value delivery.Starting with client needs, ESPEC envisions the entire prod-uct testing life cycle and then o ers a solution to deliver maximum tangible return on investment (ROI). ESPEC’s product design and process management solutions help increase productivity, stimulate growth and build com-petitive advantages – measurable business values for your enterprise.Qualmark Testing Technology –An Advanced System For Accelerated TestingQualmark testing technology is speci cally engineered to reduce the total cost of developing and supporting product throughout its lifecycle – from prototype testing, through production, and during warranty. Since pioneering thetechnology, the Qualmark brand has been the market leader in delivering accelerated stress test technology for perform-ing HALT (Highly Accelerated Life Tests) and HASS (Highly Accelerated Stress Screens) that:• Shorten (DVT) Design Veri cation Time and expense • Remove costly manufacturing defects • Boost product reliability • Reduce warranty costs• Increase brand quality recognitionQualkmark Brand accelerated stress test systems, with their powerful thermal performance and six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) repetitive-shock vibration, drives out design aws fast while conserving energy consumption. Our vibration system delivers low frequency energy for penetrating complex products, while retaining the high frequency en-ergy that is so e ective at exposing weak solder joints and surface mount weaknesses. The advanced engineering that goes into the Qualmark Typhoon series leads the industry in ful lling the complex task of providing e ective excitation of high and low frequency modes while simultaneouslydelivering rotation (roll, pitch and yaw) around three axes (X, Y and Z) vibration. The system’s air ow technology delivers superior rapid temperature cycling – reaching set points faster and delivering stability during cold/hot dwells and ramps that out-perform other systems.Advanced Technology . . . Faster TestingQualmark Brand ProvidesFaster Time to Market • Shorter DVT and expense Increase Revenues• Beat competition to market Reduced Product Failures • More rugged designReduced Costs• Fewer service & warranty claims Improved Customer Satisfaction • Dependable productProtect Brand Value •A recent study showed that 32% of failure modes would have been missed without the combined stresses of Qualmark’saccelerated reliability testing technology.Eliminate 32% of your product’s failure modes andrecalculate your product’s protability!Graph and data proprietary to ESPEC North America. No portion may be copied,modied, distributed, or published without the express written permission of ESPEC.Failures Found by Stress Type2008 Failures by Stress TypeClick Here For Full White Paper3What We DoHALTHASSProof of ScreenA n n u al M a int e n a n c e P r o g r a m W a r r a n t y – S ys t e m &C o m p o n e n t sA p p l i c a t i on T r a in i ng O p e r a t or T r a i n i ngVisit the ESPEC website to learn more about Accelerated Stress Testing (AST) Programs, and howthey can help you complete testing in 1/5 th the time!Hobbs Engineering KnowledgeHobbs Engineering is an independent Knowledge and accelerated testing by tailoring services to deliver customer-speci c program optimization. The educational value of the ESPEC Solutions Group can dramatically improve reliability program outcomes that will quickly drive increases in product pro tability.accelerated testing by tailoring servPart Number: 971-7000 Standard Features High Rate, High FlowPart Number: 971-4008 Standard FeaturesPart Number: 971-4006 Standard FeaturesHigh Rate, High Flow Typhoon Thermal System xLF2 Vibration Table with PSD Management Vacuum Jacketed ManifoldPart Number: 971-4030 Standard FeaturesHigh Rate, High Flow Typhoon Thermal System xLF2 Vibration Table with PSD Management Vacuum Jacketed ManifoldPart Number: 971-4020 (Single Phase) 971-4022 (3 Phase) Standard FeaturesHigh Rate, High FlowTyphoon Thermal SystemxLF2 Vibration Table withPSD ManagementReview Con guration Options and available Accessories with your ESPEC representativePart Number: 971-4250Part Number: 971-4300OVTT18 — Part Number: 971-5001 OVTT24 — Part Number: 971-5200 Standard FeaturesOVTT18 and 24 Base AssemblyWork Space Outer DimensionsOVTT 18OVTT 24Part Number: EQGNZ2.5-Rxx Standard FeaturesRefrigerationESPEC Cascade refrigerationBoost LN2 injection - optional Controls:ESPEC integrated P-300controller with color touch screen xLF2 Vibration TableSafety Features for Battery Testing:Contact FactorySee Con guration Options on page 22 and Accessories on page 26) storage timum HALT/HASS system performance and test results,LN 2 Pipe Outer Pipe Non-Conductive Spacers Vacuum Cavity Microbulk Solution – Cost E ective AlternativeYou must order two (2) VJ Clamps and two (2) O-rings whenordering the kit. These two items are sold separately.750-0303 Clamp, VJ, 1/2”, MVIP Bayonet 760-0273 O-Ring, VJ, 1/2”, MVIP Bayonetst order two (2) VJ Clamps and two (2) O-rings when TO DEWAR TANKSTO TOP OF CHAMBERex Hose (P/N 442-0034)Categories Pro1. Easy – Use the online Modulator to con gure, price and deliver your VIP modulesTop Three Bene tsand accessories.2. Reliable – Long-term maintenance-free reliability that will not degrade, drip or leakMAWP*Installation ConsiderationReusabilityBellows to allow for up to 400°Finternal / external di erentialDesign PlatformMaterialVacuum gauge and retention testprior to shipment* MAWP = Maximum Allowable Working PressureVJ ManifoldVJ Manifold – Part Number: 410-0131• Standard on all chambers except Typhoon 1.5 and 2.0.*• Supports patented dissimilar metal (Invar 36), provides superior seal• Supports dual seats, provides secondary sealingMVIP INLET18”* Optional Vacuum Jacketed Manifold for Typhoon 1.5 and Typhoon 2.0Part number:785-3171 factory installed785-3206 eld retro tElevation StandRaises system 11¾” o oorTyphoons 2.5+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-3005 Typhoons 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-1590 Safety EnhancementsAir Purge KitThe Qualmark air purge system safeguards operators from invisible nitrogen by providing su cient air purge and oxygen normalization before automatically trigger-ing the pneumatic door interlocks allowing the system doors to be opened.Typhoon 4.0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .785-2090 Typhoon 4.0+ Inferno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .785-2119 Typhoon 8.0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .785-1763 Air Purge Door Lock KitThe Qualmark air purge door lock system safeguards operators from invisible nitrogen by establishing oxygen normalization before automatically triggering the pneu-matic door interlocks and allowing the system doors to be opened.Typhoon 2.5+/3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-1668 QFusion 300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-2672 Door Lock Kit (Typhoons 2.0 &1.5)The Qualmark door interlock system safeguards opera-tors from being able to open the Typhoon door while the system is in operation.Typhoons 2.0, 1.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .785-1689 Door Override Typhoon 4.0+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-2418 SSR Thermal Monitoring AlarmAvailable on all Typhoon models, the thermal alarm monitors the electrical panel and displays a warning light should temperature reach +60ºC and shuts down the system and provides an audible alarm at +80ºC. Thermal Monitor Alarm . . Contact ESPEC for Ordering Liquid Nitrogen DeliveryLiquid Nitrogen (LN2) is intrinsic to optimal HALT/HASS system performance. This section lists the options you should consider ordering as a part of your system for LN2 management. The discussion on liquid nitrogen infra-structure on the following pages will assist you in making decisions regarding your complete LN2needsBayonet Adapto rMVIP LN2Bayonet Adaptor minimizes energy losses and provides a robust connection between the LN2piping supply to the chamber’s inlet VJ Manifold. One Adaptor is needed for every chamber installation.Male Bayonet Adaptor ¾” NPT . . . . . . . . . . . . 410-0132VJ Line Intricate Male Adaptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410-0133 Keepfull Vacuum Insulated Liquid Level SystemThe Keepfull System allows the venting of vapor while maintaining the liquid level in vacuum insulated piping systems and containers. This fully mechanical system re-quires no electrical or pressure assistance and is designedto be installed in liquid nitrogen systems for a moree cient interface. The pipe inlet is designed for easy installation on liquid nitrogen systems. This is necessaryto provide reliable cold steps and ramps.LN2Keepfull System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410-0077E-stop SystemThe E-stop system is an independent control systemfor extra safety and peace of mind. The LN2E-Stop Sys-tem will automatically close an actuated valve on theliquid nitrogen supply system in the event of an oxygen monitor alarm or the triggering of the chamber’s E-stop button.E-stop System . . . . . . . Contact ESPEC for Ordering23and analysis capabilities. QDaq provides up to 32 thermal channels and up to 12 vibration channels of data acquisi-tion in a single, modular design that can accommodate portability between all Qualmark systems. QDaq’s com-pact chassis comes with an integrated signal conditionerboth time and frequency domains. The user interfaceo ers intuitive menus for managing functions and data capture. User selection vibration averaging and one-click data capture can be saved as speci ed in user de ned custom con gurations. Package includes PCIe Daq card, permits the single userlicense to connect via USB with a laptop for more conve-nient transport between Typhoon and QFusion systems. The System supports Windows 7 and features easy setupfrequency domains. The user interfaceSAE Halt Fixture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750-0116Metric Halt Fixture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750-0163SAE Halt Fixture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750-0169Metric Halt Fixture Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750-0170With Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-1162Without Clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-1148Metric PCA Quick Release Fixture:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750-0116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785-1162*Terms and conditions apply to the various Post Warranty and Service Programs. Contact ESPEC for detailed information.ESPEC has the widest selection of test chambers。
摘要夹具是现如今机械制造业应用的最广泛的加工工艺之一，因为它使得制造业的生产力有了显著地提升，科技的迅速向前发展使得夹具在现代机械制造业的地位愈发的重要，这其中铣床半轴夹具是在铣床上对轴进行操作时所使用的夹具。
铣床半轴夹具的设计需要有很长的准备期。
对于机械零件的精度，对轴的定位的影响很大。
所以，这是一件重要并且麻烦的事，只有专业的技术人员才能熟练地操作。
在现代的产品生产流程过程当中，对于夹具的精度，强度，还有刚度的标准要求的高低，对夹具的使用得稳定性和可靠性大小，工作效率高低都会对产品的产生以及产品的加工质量有着很大的影响。
所以，首先了解什么是夹具，夹具是用来干什么用的，明白了这些之后就应该开始着手于准备相应的夹具设计，经过一段周期的准备工作之后就得开始将工件装卡在所设计出的专用夹具之中开始检验定位，定位无误之后进行详细的误差具体分析，同时还得对加工精度做出保证，最后在计算出夹紧力的大小和夹紧位置和点数。
现如今，机械制造工业已经从最初的一种品种、大量生产成功的转型到了今天很多品种、小批次、个性化制造，小批量多品种的生产，特别值得一提是在数控加工中得到了很好的应用，在成批生产中代替专用夹具率为35%左右，甚至是高达55%左右，所以传统夹具也已经不再适用现代的机械制造行业，但是夹具是任何工件的产生所不可或缺的一种加工工艺的设备，所以基于此发明了组合夹具这一种新型加工工艺设备，组合夹具设计是现代制造业夹具设计具有一定程度上的通用性，便于拆装，以应对不同工序，不同类型的机床，综上所述，组合夹具的设计是现代夹具制造业夹具设计的最佳选择。
与此同时，在现代的制造业当中夹具有着非常多的样式和类型以及它们都有着自己各自独特的应用的领域，所以现在要进行夹具的设计的话，大多数往往都是凭借有着长期而又丰富的工作经验的工作人员来当设计人员参与设计，所以不同的设计人员，不同的设计小组，因为有着不同的工作经验和阅历，往往设计出来的夹具也会有所不同，夹具的设计方案相比于之前在针对传统的夹具的设计当中所存在的一些问题与难题会一一的被现代制造业的技术的提升和工作人员素质与知识水平的提高所解决的。
使用LabVIEW FPGA模块开发可编程自动化控制器学院：通信与电子工程学院班级：电子071学号：姓名：欧洪材Building Programmable Automation Controllers with LabVIEWFPGAOverviewProgrammable Automation Controllers (PACs) are gaining acceptance within the industrial control market as the ideal solution for applications that require highly integrated analog and digital I/O, floating-point processing, and seamless connectivity to multiple processing nodes. National Instruments offers a variety of PAC solutions powered by one common software development environment, NI LabVIEW. With LabVIEW, you can build custom I/O interfaces for industrial applications using add-on software, such as the NI LabVIEW FPGA Module.With the LabVIEW FPGA Module and reconfigurable I/O (RIO) hardware, National Instruments delivers an intuitive, accessible solution for incorporating the flexibility and customizability of FPGA technology into industrial PAC systems. You can define the logic embedded in FPGA chips across the family of RIO hardware targets without knowinglow-level hardware description languages (HDLs) or board-level hardware design details, as well as quickly define hardware for ultrahigh-speed control, customized timing and synchronization, low-level signal processing, and custom I/O with analog, digital, and counters within a single device. You also can integrate your custom NI RIO hardware with image acquisition and analysis, motion control, and industrial protocols, such as CAN and RS232, to rapidly prototype and implement a complete PAC system.Table of Contents1.Introduction2.NI RIO Hardware for PACs3.Building PACs with LabVIEW and the LabVIEW FPGA Module4.FPGA Development Flowing NI SoftMotion to Create Custom Motion Controllers6.Applications7.ConclusionIntroductionYou can use graphical programming in LabVIEW and the LabVIEW FPGA Module to configure the FPGA (field-programmable gate array) on NI RIO devices. RIO technology, the merging of LabVIEW graphical programming with FPGAs on NI RIO hardware, provides a flexible platform for creating sophisticated measurement and control systems that you could previously create only with custom-designed hardware.An FPGA is a chip that consists of many unconfigured logic gates. Unlike the fixed, vendor-defined functionality of an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) chip, you can configure and reconfigure the logic on FPGAs for your specific application. FPGAs are used in applications where either the cost of developing and fabricating an ASIC is prohibitive, or the hardware must be reconfigured after being placed into service. The flexible,software-programmable architecture of FPGAs offer benefits such as high-performance execution of custom algorithms, precise timing and synchronization, rapid decision making, and simultaneous execution of parallel tasks. Today, FPGAs appear in such devices as instruments, consumer electronics, automobiles, aircraft, copy machines, andapplication-specific computer hardware. While FPGAs are often used in industrial control products, FPGA functionality has not previously been made accessible to industrial control engineers. Defining FPGAs has historically required expertise using HDL programming or complex design tools used more by hardware design engineers than by controlengineers.Within?the?test-fixture?the?tx?output?of?the?transmitter?module?is?looped?back?to ?the?rx?input?of?the?receiver?module.?This?allows?the?transmitter?module?to?be?used?as?te st?signal?generator?for?the?receiver?module.?Data?can?be?written?in?parallel?format?to?the ?transmitter?module?and?looped?back?in?serial?format?to?the?rx?input?of?the?receiver?mod ule,?and?data?received?can?finally?be?read?out?in?parallel?format?from?the?receiver?modul e.?In?order?to?automate?the?testing?of?the?UART?as?much?as?possible,?tree?independent? Verilog?tasks?were?written?as?follows.?The?Verilog? task“write_to_transmitter”?holds?all?necessary?statements?required?to?generate?a?single?paral lel?data?write?sequence?to?the?transmitter?module.?Data?that?are?written?to?the?transmitter ?upon?execution?of?the?“write_to_transmitter”?task,?get?latched?internal?to?the?test-fixture?for?later?analysis.?Th e?Verilog?task?“read_out_receiver”?holds?all?necessary?statements?required?to?generate?a?single? parallel?data?read?out?sequence?from?the?receiver?module.?Data?that?are?read?out?of?the?r eceiver?upon?execution?of?the?“read_out_receiver”?task,?get?latched?internal?to?the?test-fixture?for?later?analysis.?The? Verilog?task?“compare_data”?holds?all?necessary?statements?required?to?compare?the?previous?data? written?to?the?transmitter?module,?to?the?corresponding?and?most?recent?data?received?and?read?out?from?the?receive?r?module. ?If?any?discrepancy?occurs,?the?“compare_data”?task?flags?for?an?error?by?writing?out?the?data?values?that?were?writte n?to?the?transmitter?module,?as?well?as?the?corresponding?data?values?that?were?received? by?and?read?out?from?the?receiver?module.?The?simulation?is?immediately?stopped?by?the?“compare_data”?task?if?any?discrepancy?occurs.?Besides?the?tree?above?mentioned?Veri log?tasks,?the?test-fixture?holds?the?statements?to?generate?the?mclkx16,?the?master?reset?s ignals?as?well?as?the?“tx?to?rx”?loop?back?feature.?The?statements?are?considered?trivial,?and?will?not?be?illu strated?here,?but?can?be?referred?to?within?the?test-fixture?itself.?The?core?of?the?test-fixtu re?is?a?behavioral?level?“for?loop”?that?executes?the?tree?above?mentioned?Verilog?tasks?in?order?to?write?all?p ossible?data?combinations?to?the?transmitter?and?verify?that?same?data?gets?properly?recei ved?by?the?receiver.?The?for?loop?is?showed below in figure21.Next?to?port?definitions?comes?port?directions.?Directions?are?specified?as?input,?output ?or?inout?(bidirectional),?and?can?be?referred?to?in?table?1.?Next?to?the? specification?of?port?directions?comes?declaration?of?internal?signals.?Internal?signals?in?V erilog?are?declared?as?“wire”?or?“reg”?data?types.?Signals?of?the?“wire”?type?are?used?for?continuos?assignments,?also?called?combinatorial?statements.?S ignals?of?the?“reg”?type?are?used?for?assignments?within?the?Verilog?“always”?block,?often?use?for?sequential?logic?assignments,?but?not?necessarily.?For?fur ther?explanation?see?aVerilog?reference?book.?Data?types?of?the?internal?signals?of?the?m odule?can?be?referred?to?in?table?3.We?have?now?passed?by?all?necessary?declarations,?an d?are?now?ready?to?look?at?the?actual?implementation.?Using?hardware?description?langua ge?allows?us?to?describe?the?function?of?the?transmitter?in?a?more?behavioral?manner,?rather?than?focus?o n?it’s?actual?implementation?at?gate?level?In?software?programming?language,? functions?and?procedures?breaks?larger?programs?into?more?readable,?manageable?and?cert ainly?maintainable?pieces.?The?Verilog?language?provides?functions?and?tasks?as?construct s,?analogous?to?software?functions?and?procedures.?A?Verilog?function?and?task?are?used?as?the?equivalent?to?multiple?lines?of?Verilog?code,?where?certain?inputs?or ?signals?affects?certain?outputs?or?variables.?The?use?of?functions?and?tasks?usually?takes ?place?where?multiple?lines?of?code?are?repeatedly?used?in?a?design,?and?hence?makes?th e?design?easier?to?read?and?certainly?maintain.?A?Verilog?function?can?have?multiple?inputs,?but?always?have?only?one?output,?while?the?Verilog?task?can?h ave?both?multiple?inputs,?and?multiple?outputs?and?even?in?some?cases,?non?of?each.?Bel ow?is?shown?the?Verilog?task,?that?hold?all?necessary?sequential?statements,?to?describe?t he?transmitter?in?the?“shift”?modeWith the LabVIEW FPGA Module and NI RIO hardware, you now can use LabVIEW, a high-level graphical development environment designed specifically for measurement andcontrol applications, to create PACs that have the customization, flexibility, andhigh-performance of FPGAs. Because the LabVIEW FPGA Module configures custom circuitry in hardware, your system can process and generate synchronized analog and digital signals rapidly and deterministically. Figure 1 illustrates many of the NI RIO devices that you can configure using the LabVIEW FPGA Module.Figure 1. LabVIEW FPGA VI Block Diagram and RIO Hardware PlatformsNI RIO Hardware for PACsHistorically, programming FPGAs has been limited to engineers who have in-depth knowledge of VHDL or other low-level design tools, which require overcoming a very steep learning curve. With the LabVIEW FPGA Module, NI has opened FPGA technology to a broader set of engineers who can now define FPGA logic using LabVIEW graphical development. Measurement and control engineers can focus primarily on their test and control application, where their expertise lies, rather than the low-level semantics of transferring logic into the cells of the chip. The LabVIEW FPGA Module model works because of the tight integration between the LabVIEW FPGA Module and the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware architecture of the FPGA and surrounding I/O components.National Instruments PACs provide modular, off-the-shelf platforms for your industrial control applications. With the implementation of RIO technology on PCI, PXI, and Compact Vision System platforms and the introduction of RIO-based CompactRIO, engineers now have the benefits of a COTS platform with the high-performance, flexibility, and customization benefits of FPGAs at their disposal to build PACs. National Instruments PCI and PXI R Series plug-in devices provide analog and digital data acquisition and control for high-performance, user-configurable timing and synchronization, as well as onboard decision making on a single device. Using these off-the-shelf devices, you can extend your NI PXI or PCI industrial control system to include high-speed discrete and analog control, custom sensor interfaces, and precise timing and control.NI CompactRIO, a platform centered on RIO technology, provides a small, industrially rugged, modular PAC platform that gives you high-performance I/O and unprecedented flexibility in system timing. You can use NI CompactRIO to build an embedded system for applications such as in-vehicle data acquisition, mobile NVH testing, and embedded machine control systems. The rugged NI CompactRIO system is industrially rated and certified, and it is designed for greater than 50 g of shock at a temperature range of -40 to 70 °C.NI Compact Vision System is a rugged machine vision package that withstands the harsh environments common in robotics, automated test, and industrial inspection systems. NICVS-145x devices offer unprecedented I/O capabilities and network connectivity for distributed machine vision applications.NI CVS-145x systems use IEEE 1394 (FireWire) technology, compatible with more than 40 cameras with a wide range of functionality, performance, and price. NI CVS-1455 and NI CVS-1456 devices contain configurable FPGAsso you can implement custom counters, timing, or motor control in your machine vision application.Building PACs with LabVIEW and the LabVIEW FPGA Module With LabVIEW and the LabVIEW FPGA Module, you add significant flexibility and customization to your industrial control hardware. Because many PACs are already programmed using LabVIEW, programming FPGAs with LabVIEW is easy because it uses the same LabVIEW development environment. When you target the FPGA on an NI RIO device, LabVIEW displays only the functions that can be implemented in the FPGA, further easing the use of LabVIEW to program FPGAs. The LabVIEW FPGA Module Functions palette includes typical LabVIEW structures and functions, such as While Loops, For Loops, Case Structures, and Sequence Structures as well as a dedicated set of LabVIEW FPGA-specific functions for math, signal generation and analysis, linear and nonlinear control, comparison logic, array and cluster manipulation, occurrences, analog and digital I/O, and timing. You can use a combination of these functions to define logic and embed intelligence onto your NI RIO device.Figure 2 shows an FPGA application that implements a PID control algorithm on the NI RIO hardware and a host application on a Windows machine or an RT target that communicates with the NI RIO hardware. This application reads from analog input 0 (AI0), performs the PID calculation, and outputs the resulting data on analog output 0 (AO0). While the FPGA clock runs at 40 MHz the loop in this example runs much slower because each component takes longer than one-clock cycle to execute. Analog control loops can run on an FPGA at a rate of about 200 kHz. You can specify the clock rate at compile time. This example shows only one PID loop; however, creating additional functionality on the NI RIO device is merely a matter of adding another While Loop. Unlike traditional PC processors, FPGAs are parallel processors. Adding additional loops to your application does not affect the performance of your PID loop.Figure 2. PID Control Using an Embedded LabVIEW FPGA VI with Corresponding LabVIEW HostVI.FPGA Development FlowAfter you create the LabVIEW FPGA VI, you compile the code to run on the NI RIO hardware. Depending on the complexity of your code and the specifications of your development system, compile time for an FPGA VI can range from minutes to several hours. To maximize development productivity, with the R Series RIO devices you can use abit-accurate emulation mode so you can verify the logic of your design before initiating the compile process. When you target the FPGA Device Emulator, LabVIEW accesses I/O from the device and executes the VI logic on the Windows development computer. In this mode, youcan use the same debugging tools available in LabVIEW for Windows, such as execution highlighting, probes, and breakpoints.Once the LabVIEW FPGA code is compiled, you create a LabVIEW host VI to integrate your NI RIO hardware into the rest of your PAC system. Figure 3 illustrates the development process for creating an FPGA application. The host VI uses controls and indicators on the FPGA VI front panel to transfer data between the FPGA on the RIO device and the host processing engine. These front panel objects are represented as data registers within the FPGA. The host computer can be either a PC or PXI controller running Windows or a PC, PXI controller, Compact Vision System, or CompactRIO controller running a real-time operating system (RTOS). In the above example, we exchange the set point, PID gains, loop rate, AI0, and AO0 data with the LabVIEW host VI.Figure 3. LabVIEW FPGA Development FlowThe NI RIO device driver includes a set of functions to develop a communication interface to the FPGA. The first step in building a host VI is to open a reference to the FPGA VI and RIO device. The Open FPGA VI Reference function, as seen in Figure 2, also downloads and runs the compiled FPGA code during execution. After opening the reference, you read and write to the control and indicator registers on the FPGA using the Read/Write Control function. Once you wire the FPGA reference into this function, you can simply select which controls and indicators you want to read and write to. You can enclose the FPGARead/Write function within a While Loop to continuously read and write to the FPGA. Finally, the last function within the LabVIEW host VI in Figure 2 is the Close FPGA VI Reference function. The Close FPGA VI Reference function stops the FPGA VI and closes the reference to the device. Now you can download other compiled FPGA VIs to the device to change or modify its functionality.The LabVIEW host VI can also be used to perform floating-point calculations, data logging, networking, and any calculations that do not fit within the FPGA fabric. For added determinism and reliability, you can run your host application on an RTOS with the LabVIEW Real-Time Module. LabVIEW Real-Time systems provide deterministic processing engines for functions performed synchronously or asynchronously to the FPGA. For example,floating-point arithmetic, including FFTs, PID calculations, and custom control algorithms, are often performed in the LabVIEW Real-Time environment. Relevant data can be stored on a LabVIEW Real-Time system or transferred to a Windows host computer for off-line analysis, data logging, or user interface displays. The architecture for this configuration is shown in Figure 4. Each NI PAC platform that offers RIO hardware can run LabVIEW Real-Time VIs.Figure 4. Complete PAC Architecture Using LabVIEW FPGA, LabVIEW Real-Time and Host PC Within each R Series and CompactRIO device, there is flash memory available to store a compiled LabVIEW FPGA VI and run the application immediately upon power up of the device. In this configuration, as long as the FPGA has power, it runs the FPGA VI, even if the host computer crashes or is powered down. This is ideal for programming safety power down and power up sequences when unexpected events occur.Using NI SoftMotion to Create Custom Motion ControllersThe NI SoftMotion Development Module for LabVIEW provides VIs and functions to help you build custom motion controllers as part of NI PAC hardware platforms that can include NI RIO devices, DAQ devices, and Compact FieldPoint. NI SoftMotion provides all of the functions that typically reside on a motion controller DSP. With it, you can handle path planning, trajectory generation, and position and velocity loop control in the NI LabVIEW environment and then deploy the code on LabVIEW Real-Time or LabVIEW FPGA-based target hardware.NI SoftMotion includes functions for trajectory generator and spline engine and examples with complete source code for supervisory control, position, and velocity control loop using the PID algorithm. Supervisory control and the trajectory generator run on a LabVIEW Real-Time target and run at millisecond loop rates. The spline engine and the control loop can run either on a LabVIEW Real-Time target at millisecond loop rates or on a LabVIEW FPGA target at microsecond loop rates.ApplicationsBecause the LabVIEW FPGA Module can configure low-level hardware design of FPGAs and use the FPGAs within in a modular system, it is ideal for industrial control applications requiring custom hardware. These custom applications can include a custom mix of analog, digital, and counter/timer I/O, analog control up to 125 kHz, digital control up to 20 MHz, and interfacing to custom digital protocols for the following:∙Batch control∙Discrete control∙Motion control∙In-vehicle data acquisition∙Machine condition monitoring∙Rapid control prototyping (RCP)∙Industrial control and acquisition∙Distributed data acquisition and control∙Mobile/portable noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) analysis ConclusionThe LabVIEW FPGA Module brings the flexibility, performance, and customization of FPGAs to PAC platforms. Using NI RIO devices and LabVIEW graphical programming, you can build flexible and custom hardware using the COTS hardware often required in industrial control applications. Because you are using LabVIEW, a programming language already used in many industrial control applications, to define your NI RIO hardware, there is no need to learn VHDL or other low-level hardware design tools to create custom hardware. Using the LabVIEW FPGA Module and NI RIO hardware as part of your NI PAC adds significant flexibility and functionality for applications requiring ultrahigh-speed control, interfaces to custom digital protocols, or a custom I/O mix of analog, digital, and counters.使用LabVIEW FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）模块开发可编程自动化控制器综述???? 工业控制上的应用要求高度集成的模拟和数字输入输出、浮点运算和多重处理节点的无缝连接。
z525、z535型立式钻床是一种万能行机床，具有普钻床功能外，还可以铰孔、镗孔、攻丝等多种功能，工作效率是普通钻床的3-5倍，广泛用于机械制造、车间生产建筑加工等殊多行业。
本机床主轴设有抗力保险、攻丝、自动反转，定程切削、超越进给机构，结构先进可靠。
该机适用于钻孔、扩孔、锪孔、攻丝等工序。
具有精度高、刚性好、扭矩大、噪声低、变速范围广、操纵集中，使用方便等优点。
机械制造业是国民经济的支柱产业，现代制造业正在改变着人们的生产方式、生活方式、经营管理模式乃至社会的组织结构和文化。
生产的发展和产品更新换代速度的加快，对生产效率和制造质量提出了越来越高的要求，也就对机械加工工艺等提出了要求。
在实际生产中，由于零件的生产类型、形状、尺寸和技术要求等条件不同，针对某一零件，往往不是单独在一种机床上用某一种加工方法就能完成的，而是需要经过一定的工艺过程。
因此，我们不仅要根据零件具体要求，选择合适的加工方法，还要合理地安排加工顺序，一步一步地把零件加工出来。
1.机械加工工艺规程制订1. 1生产过程与机械加工工艺过程生产过程是指将原材料转变为成品的全过程。
它包括原材料的运输、保管于准备，产品的技术、生产准备、毛坯的制造、零件的机械加工及热处理，部件及产品的装配、检验调试、油漆包装、以及产品的销售和售后服务等机械工工艺过程是指用机械加工方法改变毛坯的形状、尺寸、相对位置和性质使其成为零件的全过程。
机械加工工艺过程的基本单元是工序。
工序又由安装、工位、工步及走刀组成。
规定产品或零件制造过程和操作方法等工艺文件，称为工艺规程。
机械加工工艺规程的主要作用如下：①机械加工工艺规程是生产准备工作的主要依据。
根据它来组织原料和毛坯的供应，进行机床调整、专用工艺装备的设计与制造，编制生产作业计划，调配劳动力，以及进行生产成本核算等。
②机械加工工艺规程也是组织生产、进行计划调度的依据。
有了它就可以制定进度计划，实现优质高产和低消耗。
英语library的中文是什么意思英语library的中文是什么意思英语单词的产生是汉英两种语言双向交流的产物，一些带有中国特色的名称和概念进入了英语词汇，同时还有一些英语词汇进入了汉语，在文化环境中衍生出新的含义，形成了英语词汇的语义文化特征。
以下是店铺收集整理的英语library的'中文是什么意思，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读！英语library的中文意思名词藏书；图书馆，藏书楼；书屋，书斋；图书出租处英 [labrri] 美 [labreri]第三人称复数：libraries名词1. I borrowed this novel from the school library.我从学校的图书馆借来这本小说。
2. Professor Hunter has a library of about five thousand books.汉特教授约有五千册藏书。
3. I found him working in his library when I called.我去拜访他时看到他在书房里工作。
英语library的英英释义noun1. a depository built to contain books and other materials for reading and studySynonym: depository library2. a room where books are kepte.g. they had brandy in the library3. a building that houses a collection of books and other materials4. (computing) a collection of standard programs andsubroutines that are stored and available for immediate use Synonym: program librarysubroutine library5. a collection of literary documents or records kept for reference or borrowing英语library的双语例句1. We welcome everyone to Kitchener Public Library.我们欢迎大家来基奇纳公共图书馆。
