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高考英语语法复习虚拟语气知识讲解一、基础知识（一）什么是虚拟语气谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。
（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。
上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。
（但我没有）与将来事实相反：If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这工作，我会是另一种做法。
（言外之意不是我做这个工作，用虚拟表达是我做这份工作的可能性很低）与过去事实相反：If anything had happened, he would have let us know.如果发生了什么情况，他早就通知我们了。
（所以没事发生）它们的共性都是表示与事实相反或者实现可能性不大3.特殊情况①在极少情况下，从句的谓语动词用原形，主句的谓语动词可用陈述语气（比较官方，正式，大气的说法，口语很少使用）If that be the official view, it cannot be accepted.如果这是官方的看法，这是不能接受的。
②if可以省略，但是语序要改为倒装Were I Tom I would refuse.如果我是汤姆我会拒绝。
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法和情况虚拟语气是英语中的一种特殊语气，用于表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与说话人的愿望、建议、命令等相反的假设情况。
在高中英语学习中，掌握虚拟语气的正确用法对于理解和准确表达意思至关重要。
本文将归纳总结高中英语中虚拟语气的用法和情况。
一、虚拟语气的基本情况1. 过去虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）过去虚拟语气用于表示与现在事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：If I were you, I would study harder.如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
2. 现在虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）现在虚拟语气用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：I wish I lived in a big city.我希望我住在一个大城市。
3. 将来虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）将来虚拟语气用于表示与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟状态或行为。
例如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。
二、虚拟语气的具体用法1. 虚拟条件语句虚拟条件语句用于表示与现实相反的条件情况。
例如：If she were here, she would help you.如果她在这里，她会帮助你。
2. 虚拟愿望语句虚拟愿望语句用于表达对于现在或将来不可能实现的愿望。
例如：I wish I had more free time.我希望我有更多的空闲时间。
3. 虚拟建议语句虚拟建议语句用于表示对于过去的事情提出建议。
例如：I wish you had listened to me earlier.我希望你早点听我的话。
4. 虚拟命令语句虚拟命令语句用于表示对于过去的事情给出命令或要求。
例如：I demanded that he apologize immediately.我要求他立即道歉。
高中英语虚拟语气的用法归纳以下是高中英语虚拟语气的用法归纳：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示假设、愿望、建议、命令、猜测等非真实的情况。
一、基本用法1. 与现在事实相反条件从句：If + 主语 + 动词过去式（be 动词用 were）主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：If I were you, I would study harder. （如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
）Wouldn't life be boring if we had everything we wanted? （如果我们想要什么就有什么，生活岂不是很无聊？）2. 与过去事实相反条件从句：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词例句：If I had known your phone number, I would have called you. （如果我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
）Couldn't you have done better if you had tried harder? （如果你再努力些，难道不能做得更好吗？）3. 与将来事实相反条件从句：① If + 主语 + 动词过去式② If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形③ If + 主语 + should + 动词原形主句：主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形例句：If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home. （如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。
）If she were to come here tomorrow, I would be very happy. （如果她明天来这儿，我会非常高兴。
）If he should fail in the exam, how disappointed his parents would be!（要是他考试不及格，他父母该多失望啊！）二、固定搭配1. wish 后的宾语从句与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反：从句用 would/could + 动词原形例句：I wish I were as tall as you. （我希望我和你一样高。
虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。
省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。
如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。
高中必备知识点解析虚拟语气的形式与用法虚拟语气是高中英语必备的语法知识点之一。
它在英语中经常被用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令和推测等情态，通过使用虚拟语气，可以使语言更加丰富和准确。
本文将深入解析虚拟语气的形式与用法。
一、虚拟语气的形式1. 虚拟语气的一般现在时：用于表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其结构为：主语+动词原形（倒装）。
例如：If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）2. 虚拟语气的一般过去时：用于表示与过去事实相反的情况。
其结构为：主语+动词过去式（倒装）。
例如：If I had seen her yesterday, I would have said hello.（如果我昨天见到她，我会问好的。
）3. 虚拟语气的过去完成时：用于表示对过去情况的猜测或不可能发生的情况。
其结构为：主语+动词过去完成式（倒装）。
例如：I wish I had studied harder for the exam.（我希望我为考试努力学习。
）二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达假设与条件：If I were you, I would travel around the world.（如果我是你，我会环游世界。
）I wish I had a million dollars.（我希望我有一百万美元。
）2. 表达愿望与建议：I wish you would stop smoking.（我希望你戒烟。
）It's important that she arrive on time.（她按时到达很重要。
）3. 表达命令与要求：The teacher ordered that the students be quiet.（老师要求学生们保持安静。
）She insisted that he leave immediately.（她坚持要他立刻离开。
）4. 表达推测与猜测：He looks as if he were sick.（他看起来像是生病了。
高中虚拟语气用法解析（完整版）一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句：if引导的条件状语从句，但是实现该条件的可能性极小或不可能实现1.表示与过去事实相反Eg.If my car had been more reliable,I would have driven to my office.2.表示与现在事实相反Eg.In fact,it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.3.表示与将来事实相反Eg.If you succeed,everything would be all right.Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents.4.注意事项(1)W as不可以替代were，虚拟语气中，从句中be动词只有were(2)错综时间条件句：条件句的行为和主句行为发生的时间不一致，动词的形式按照主句和从句各自的时间调整。
Eg.If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.(3)虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有were/ should /had 时，if可省略，而将were/ should /had 置于主语前面Eg.What would have happened had Bob walked farther as far as the river bank?Should he agree to go there, we should send him there. Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the great wall.两个固定搭配：①Were it not for 要不是...就②Had it not been for 要不是...就If it were not for （Were it not for）the bad weather now, we would go to the park to fly kites.If it had not been for（Had it not been for） the bad weather yesterday, we would have gone to the park to fly kites. （4）含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况不是以if条件句来表示。
高二英语虚拟语气知识精讲一语气的定义和种类（一）语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
（二）语气的种类1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！2、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
3、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功！。
二虚拟语气的主要内容（一）、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气用于if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词有三种形式：（1）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：①If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.②If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.③If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.（2）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气(1)If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.If he hadn’t been warned，he would have taken that food.(2)If he were free, he would help us. If I had money, I would buy the car.If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(3) If he should come/were to come/came here, we would hold the party.If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.1.倒装/省略当虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had 等词置于句首。
请改写以上六个例句中符合倒装/省略条件的句子！2.错综时间虚拟条件句。
主从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在/将来的事实不符。
If they had informed us, we would not come here now.If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.If I had studied hard at school, I would be a student in the key university now and find a good job after four years.②从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
高中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法及常见表达方式虚拟语气在高中英语中是一个重要的语法知识点。
它在表达与现实相反的情况、假设、建议和愿望等方面起到了重要作用。
本文将详细介绍虚拟语气的用法及常见表达方式。
一、虚拟语气的基本形式在英语中，虚拟语气的基本形式包括虚拟条件句和虚拟语气在从句中的使用。
1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句通常包括三个主要部分：if引导的条件从句、主句中的would/should/could/might以及从句中的动词形式（常为过去式或were）。
例如：- If I had more money, I would travel around the world.（如果我有更多的钱，我会周游世界。
）2. 虚拟语气在从句中的使用虚拟语气在从句中的使用主要是通过动词的变化形式来表达。
常见的动词形式包括：过去式、were（用于所有人称）、should/ought to。
例如：- I wish I could speak fluent French.（我希望我能说一口流利的法语。
）二、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气在英语中的使用具有一定的规则和情境。
下面将介绍几种常见的情况。
1. 表达与现实相反的情况- If I were you, I would quit that job immediately.（如果我是你，我会立刻辞职。
）该句中，使用了“were”而不是“was”，表示与当前事实相反的情况。
2. 表达假设和想象- If I had a time machine, I would go back to the past.（如果我有时光机器，我会回到过去。
）该句中，使用了“had”而不是“have”，表示假设的情况。
3. 表达建议和命令- The teacher suggested that we should study harder for the exam.（老师建议我们应该更加努力地学习考试。
）该句中，使用了“should”来表示建议。
高二英语虚拟语气讲解 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
条件从句主句与现在事实相反 If 主语 +动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should （would, might，could）+动词原形与过去事实相反 If 主语 +had+过去分词should （ would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词与将来事实可能相反 If 主语 +动词过去式（be的过去式用were）；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形should （would, might，could）+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词。
如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。
表示后悔。
） If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。
表示感激。
） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。
如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course ofFrench. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。
） If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。
表示未知。
）虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
如： If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time. 假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。
(表希望) If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station. 假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。
（表不希望）4. 混合型的条件句 当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。
较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
如： If I were not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会去了。
(were表过去) If I were you, I would go. 假如我是你，我会去的。
(were表现在) 二. 连词if的省略 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
三. 含蓄条件句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
如： But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。
(暗含在分词短词but for your help) What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中) It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中) This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。
(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could havevanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。
(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。
(暗含条件是alone) 2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。
(可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。
(可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。
(可能暗含if you should accept it) 3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
如： You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
I would like to come. 我愿意来。
四. 不用if引导的条件从句 虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
如： The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed. 农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning. 我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept? 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或supposing =what if） Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？） 要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？ He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow. 如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。
与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。
