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初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1现在完成时态语法讲解和习题巩固1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 2011. 他自2011年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
since和for的区别since后接时间点，如8:00，last term, yesterday, 3 days agofor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如one year, two days, a long time等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______5 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _____7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _____1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _____ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.否定句He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句What has he done3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你来这里多久了4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾.: I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾.：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet ③ever曾经句中.：Have you ever seen pandas④never从不句中.：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾.：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止.：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久.：How long have you lived here⑨how many times多少次.：How many times has he been to Beijing(3)三词组<has>gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)<has>been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)<has>beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong .: Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
现在完成时讲解（附习题+答案）定义：表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
1.发生于过去，和现在有关。
例如：He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。
（所以他到现在一直没书）2.开始于过去，持续到现在。
例如：He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
（现在还在教）3.从过去到现在不断反复的动作或情况，且不断重复可能继续下去，也可能到现在结束。
例如：My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。
（从过去到现在期间一直这样）4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
例如：I'll wait until he has written his letter.我愿等到他把信写完。
构成：主语+ have / has + done（过去分词）+ …肯定句: 主语+ have / has + 过去分词+ …She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海.I have finished doing my homework.我已经完成我的作业了.否定句: 主语+ have / has + not +过去分词+ …I haven’t seen this film.我没有看过这部电影.She hasn’t finished doing his homework.她还没有完成她的作业.一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ …Have you seen this film ?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t .你看过这部电影吗?是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.Has she finished doing his homework ?Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t.她完成她的作业了吗?是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ 过去分词+ …Who has finished doing his homework ?谁完成了作业?注意：has gone to, has been to, has been in/on 的区别(1)have/ has been to 表示：曾经去过某地（已经回来了），常用于第三人称，可与once, never, several times等连用(2)have/ has gone to 表示：去了某地（还没有回来）They have been to Shanghai twice.他们去过上海两次。
（完整版）现在完成时讲解及练习题及答案时态讲解：现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有⼈称和数的变化。
第三⼈称单数⽤has，其余⽤have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后⾯加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：（2）⽤法：1）现在完成时通常表⽰在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话⼈强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我⼥⼉刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过⾯。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表⽰持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些⽇⼦我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.★注意：1）since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接⼀段时间，表⽰“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: ⽤since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.2）表⽰短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤，因为它们表⽰的动作不可能持续。
现在完成时讲解及练习（含答案）时态现在完成时⼀．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 。
表⽰过去发⽣的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发⽣的动作还未结束，⼀直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。
⼆．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.⼀般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．⽤法1.“已完成”⽤法 :表⽰⼀个过去发⽣并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
这⼀类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表⽰开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。
常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连⽤。
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。
（说明现在灯关上了）I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。
（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表⽰过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。
⼀般不⽤时间状语。
I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。
（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这⽀笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了⽼师。
（说明她现在仍是⽼师）2.“未完成”⽤法。
表⽰动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作（⽤⾏为动词表⽰）或状态（be动词表⽰），常与for（+段时间）、since(+时间点或过去时的句⼦)连⽤。
①for+时段（for a long time，for a month）②since+过去⼀个时间点（译为：⾃从……以来，如since 1991 、since yesterday）③since+时段+ago （since 2 days ago）④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）⑥其它常见：today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，，so far，up to now，till（until）now等。
现在完成时的讲解和练习（5篇材料）第一篇：现在完成时的讲解和练习现在完成时讲解和练习现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money(so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四． has gone(to),has been(to), has been(in)的区别Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months./since twomonths ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
时态专题之现在完成时第一部分：现在完成时概述现在完成时的结构：现在完成时的结构是“ have / has+ 动词的过去分词”。
过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。
规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。
现在完成时的用法：1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
（即它的＂完成用法＂）e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
注意：此时动作可能还要继续。
（即它的＂未完成用法＂）。
E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.现在完成时的句型变换A. 现在完成时的否定句是在have / has后边加not，变一般疑问句是把have / has提前。
E.g. I have ridden a horse.I have not ridden a horse.Have you ridden a horse?B.现在完成时的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。
另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。
做题时常见错误如下：一、易丢掉have / has例：He taken (take) the medicine before.Correction：________________解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。
二、have与has易用混例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.Correction：________________解析：现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用has, 一般人称作主语时用have．三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错例：She has left (离开) for 2 hours.Correction：________________解析：在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。
现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.否定句He has not finished the work.特殊疑问句What has he done?3.现在完成时的用法:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
例如：The car has arrived. 车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。
例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.: I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不句中e.g.：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中e.g.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：I have never been there before.⑦so far到目前为止e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.⑧how long多久e.g.：How long have you lived here?⑨how many times多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?(3)三词组1.have<has>gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)2.have<has>been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3.have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how longe.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：①He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)②He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型It is ---since---）④He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）⑤He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/get to/reach → be heree.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.②leave/go →be awaye.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.③begin/start →be one.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.④open →be open / close → be closede.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.⑤die →be deade.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.⑥finish/end→ be over例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days⑦join例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.⑧buy /catch → havee.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.⑨borrow → keepe.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years. 还有其它的归纳如下：leave --- be away borrow --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead begin/start --- be on finish --- be over fall ill ---be ill get up---be up catch a cold --- have a cold put on-- wear come/become/go --- be here fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) get to know --- know join----be a member of ... (成为…的一员) open ---be open close ---be close break → be broken \ get up → be up marry → be married \ become → be \ lose → be lost \8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。
）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ... Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…2. have come/gone back/returned → ____________3. have come/gone out →___________4. have become →________________________5.have closed / opened→_____________________6. have got up →________________________ ；7. have died →________________________；8. have left sw. →________________________9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →___________ ；10. have finished/ended/completed →___________；11. have married →____________________；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Have you done your homework _______________? (for, just, yet)I have _____________ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _____________ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)She has known Sam ______________ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)Have you ____________ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填空1.My family has owned a ship ___________ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship ___________ many years.3.I have had a cold _________ last Monday.4.I have had a cold __________ 5 days ago.5.I have had a cold _________ 5 days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. --- I _____________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.--- Where and when ________ you __________ (see) it? --- Last week.2. Mary __________ already ____________ (have) her supper.3. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I _______________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.4. ---_________ Uncle Wang ____________ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he____________. ---When ___________ he ____________ it? --- Yesterday.5. __________ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?6. They _________already__________(do) their homework. But they don’t know what__________ (do) next.7. ---__________ you ___________ (see) the film last night? ---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.8. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.9. My father ____________ (buy) a book for me yesterday.He_________ already ________(pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She_____________ (not read) this book before.11. __________ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?12. --- ____________ Wei Hua ___________ (come) yet? ---Yes. She__________ (come) already. She ____________ (come) just now.13. ---How long __________ you __________(learn) English? ---For more than two years.14. They _______________ (live) in China since they ____________ (move) to China.15. I___________ already __________ (see) the film. I ____________ (see) it last week.16. So far I ________________(make) quite a few friends here.17. How long _____________ the Wangs ____________(stay) here ? For two weeks.18. They _________________ (not arrive) yet.19. When I was in primary school, my mother _______________ (drive) me to school everyday.20. He ______________ (live) here since he ____________ (move) to Hankou.五、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai，has he ？A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A. has changed ；wellB. changed ；goodC. has changed ；betterD. changed ；better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.A. was ；studyingB. will ；studyC. has ；studiedD. are ；studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States. —Really ？When _____ there ？A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet？—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.A. Did；do；finishedB. Have；done；finishedC. Have；done；have finishedD. will；do；finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ？—Sure. We _________ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here？—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up！The play __________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army.A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_____？A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China？A. How soon，comesB. How often，gotC. How long，cameD. How far，arrived20、His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university六、句型转换。
