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现在完成时讲解1构成方式：主语+have/has +过去分词2基本用法1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。
（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。
（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）The rain has stopped now.雨已经停了。
（结果是我们可以出门了）I have already read the book.我已读过这本书了。
（结果是已知道这本书的内容）She has had a good education.她受到过良好的教育。
（影响是她文化水平高，有修养）2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for+时间段”或“since＋时间点”的状语连用例：We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。
She has taught in the school for ten years.她在这所学校教书已经10年了。
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
We have been busy this morning.今天上午我们一直很忙。
I have known her since we were children.我从小就认识她。
I haven't seen John today.我今天没有见到约翰。
现在完成时讲解LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
现在完成时的讲解一、现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+…(过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
) eg .I have taught English in this school since 1999.二、基本句式：陈述句:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+…否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词?简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)—Have you finished your work? —Yes,I have.三、现在完成时的含义：（一）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already/yet，just，never/ever，before, so far等连用。
这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
实例：1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
）2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。
）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。
实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
实例：1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No，not yet．不，还没有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
二、用法二：表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
现在有可能停止，或有可能继续延续下去。
常与for（+时间段．．．或过去时的句子．．．．．．）连用。
．．．）,since（+时间点对for 和since引导的时间状语提问，用“how long”例：He has learned English for 2 years. 他已经学了两年英语了。
He has learned English since 2012. -从2012年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢（所以有时候for 和since引导的时间状语，可以转换！）时间状语有：①for+时段（长达多久）I have taught English for 19 years。
②since+过去一个时间点（自从……以来）He has been at this school since 1986.③since+时间段+ago（自从...以前）I have known him since 20 years ago.④since+从句（过去时．．．）I have lived here since I was born.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。
)I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。
)练习：1、We have been friends since ______.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before2、Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago3、6. I _____ at this school for two years.A. am studyingB. studyC. studiedD. have studied4、They _________ in the city since last summer.A. liv eB. didn’t liveC. have livedD. live5、Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in6、---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Since7、We have lived here _______ five years ago．A. when B．since C．before D．after8、His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan．A．after B．before C．since D．for9、I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.11、She ____________ (be) ill for three days.12、--How long _____you __________(learn) English?---For more than two years.13、They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.14、It _______（rain）for a week.15、She _______（study）English since she was ten. She _______（begin）to study English when she was ten.16、We _______（live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We _______（live）for 10 years.17、He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?18、We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _______ _______ English ________ three years19、He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?20、Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.21、The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.22、His company closed in 2003. （同义句）His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003.23、We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.三、注意：在现在完成时中与for 和since引导的时间状语,how long连用的动词必须为延续性动词。
现在完成时讲解第一部分：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
学习现在完成时，先从结构和句式开始：构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。
过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
)否定式：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他疑问式：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定)第二部分：现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：1.以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。
2.以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
3.以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
4.以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
