初中英语过去完成时语法精讲
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初中英语语法——过去完成时
初中英语语法——过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对状态,情调动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
1.过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式
过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式为:助动词had+过去分词。had在句中没有人称和数的变化。如:My father had left before I came here.
My parents had begun to work by the time I got up.
2.过去完成时的用法
(1)表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。如:
She had learned English before she came to English.
I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.
注意:
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:by the end of last week到上周为止,since he left自他离开以来,by that time到那时为止,before that year那年之前,long before很久以前,before I arrive在我到达之前,when I arrived在我到达时
(2)表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态,常与for 或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。如:
He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school.
初中英语过去完成时时态结构与用法详细解析标志:had + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如:
By the end of last week he had finished the work.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:
We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.
The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope 等)的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如:
I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
4. (虚拟语气)在条件状体从句或wish / would rather等后面的从句中,使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如:The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.
I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.
初中英语语法归纳(过去完成时)
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初中英语语法归纳:过去完成时
英语语法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.那么,英语现在完成时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下.
一、过去完成时的结构特点
概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past—in—the-past )”。
—---|——--———----—-———---——————— |---———----—-—---—-—-————--—————|---—--—-—-—-———————-—---———->
过去完成时过去时现在进行时
构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning。
初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题
过去完成时态
1)过去完成时态的构成:
肯定式:had + 动词的过去分词
否定式:hadn't + 动词的过去分词
疑问式:Had … + 动词的过去分词
简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.
No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法
过去完成时的用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如:
She said she had seen the film 4 times.
When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.
By the time they arrived, the bus had left.
2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:
She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin
g.
A. studied, had gone
B. had studied, went
C. has studied, goes
初中英语知识点过去完成时:
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。构成:had + 过去分词
肯定句:主语+ had + 过去分词+ 其他
否定句:主语+ had not + 过去分词+ 其他
疑问句:Had + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他?
例如:
肯定句:I had finished my homework before my mother came back.
否定句:She had not seen the movie before yesterday.
疑问句:Had you ever been to Beijing before you moved there?
注意事项:
1. 过去完成时常与过去时连用,表示先后发生的两个动作。
2. 过去完成时常与时间状语连用,如before, by, until等。
3. 过去完成时常用于宾语从句、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。例题:
1. —When did you finish your homework?
—I ______ it before dinner.
A. finished
B. have finished
C. had finished
D. will finish
答案:C
2. By the time we got to the cinema, the film ______.
A. has started
B. had started
C. was starting
D. would start
答案:B
3. She ______ her work before she went to bed last night.
初中英语语法过去完成时详细讲解过去完成时是英语中一种表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况的时态。它由"had + 过去分词"构成。
过去完成时的用法如下:
1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作:
①She had already finished her homework when I arrived.(我到达时,她已经完成了作业。)这里表示在我到达之前,她已经完成了作业。
②They had left before the concert started.(音乐会开始之前,他们已经离开了。)这里表示在音乐会开始之前,他们已经离开了。
2. 表示在过去某一时间点之前持续的动作或状态:
①He had been studying English for three years before he moved to England.(在他搬去英国之前,他已经学习英语三年了。)这里表示在他搬去英国之前,他一直在学习英语。
需要注意的是,过去完成时强调的是过去某一时间点之前的动作或情况。因此,常与过去的时间状语连用,如before、after等,以明确指定过去的时间点。
另外,过去完成时常与过去简单时连用,用于表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后顺序。过去完成时的动作通常发生在过去简单时的动作之前。
例如:
①She had finished her homework before she went to bed.(她在睡觉前已经完成了作业。)
②They had already left when I arrived at the party.(当我到达派对时,他们已经离开了。)
过去完成时用法小结
一、过去完成时适用场合
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上下文中。
I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。如:
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。
3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中,先发生的事放在后面叙述时,要用过去完成时。如:
Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...(刚…就…), no sooner...than... (刚…就…),
初中英语语法过去完成时及练习
1概念引入
过去完成时的概念:
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等。
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.
当他终于收到他盼望已久的杂志时,他兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12岁时,爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
2.用法讲解
1. 过去完成时的构成
1)过去完成时基本构成形式: had +过去分词。
We had reached the top of the hill before midnight.
在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。
2)过去完成时的否定形式: had + not + 过去分词。
They hadn’t finished the work when we got there.
我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。
3)过去完成时的一般疑问句及其回答形式:
疑问句要把had提到句首;回答用Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语+ hadn’t.
—Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗?—Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)
过去完成时是英语中的一种时态,用来表示在过去一些时间点或动作之前已经完成的动作或状态。在九年义务初中阶段的英语学习中,学生们通常会接触到过去完成时的用法和结构。下面是对九年义务初中英语过去完成时知识点的梳理。
一、过去完成时的结构
过去完成时的结构由“had + 过去分词”组成。其中,had是过去完成时的助动词,表明动作或状态已经在过去完成;过去分词是动词的第三形式。
例如:
I had finished my homework before they arrived.
在他们到达之前,我已经完成了我的作业。
二、过去完成时的用法
1.表示在过去一些时间之前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。
例如:
He had already left when I arrived at his house.
当我到他家的时候,他已经离开了。
2.表示过去一些时间之前已经完成的动作对过去的影响。
例如:
She had studied English for several years before she moved to America.
在她搬到美国之前,她已经学了几年英语。
3.表示过去一些时间之前一直保持的状态。
例如:
I had known him since we were in primary school.
自从我们上小学以来,我就认识他。
4.过去完成时常与过去简单时连用,用来表示先后发生的动作。
例如:
He had finished his dinner before he watched TV.
他在看电视之前已经吃完了晚饭。
现在完成时与过去完成时
一、现在完成时
过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
1.构成
现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
2.用法
(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结
果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还
要继续教)
I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.结构
1).陈述句结构:主语+have( has)(not)+过去分词+其它。have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t.
初中英语语法归纳:往日完毕时之阳早格格创做
英语语法往日完毕时表示正在往日某一时间或者动做之前
已经爆收或者完毕了的动做.那么,英语当前完毕时的句子结媾战语法特性是何如的呢?底下为您道解一下.
一、往日完毕时的结构特性
观念:往日完毕时表示正在往日某一时间或者动做之前已经爆收或者完毕了的动做,即“往日的往日
( past-in-the-past )”.
----|--------------------------
|-------------------------------|---------------------------->
往日完毕时往日时当前举止时
形成:往日完毕时由“帮动词汇had + 往日分词汇”形成,其中had 通用于百般人称.
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.
两、往日完毕时的推断依据
1. 由时间状语去判决
普遍道去,百般时态皆有特定的时间状语.取往日完毕时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 往日的时间面.如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 往日的时间面.如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
过去完成时态的用法
1.过去完成时态的基本的构成。
had + 过去分词来构成过去完成时态的基本的用法
2.过去完成时态的基本的用法和时态
过去完成时所表示的时间概念是“过去的过去”,即在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。过去完成时所表示的时间概念可以用下图表示:
________________________________________
———— * ————×———— + 时间
更早的动作过去某一时间或现在
(用过去完成时)过去另一动作
一般过去时表示“现在”以前的任何时间发生的动作或情况。过去完成时则表示过去某一时间或过去另一动作以前发生的动作或情况。
上面第一个例句表示在“去年(last year)”这个过去时间内完成的动作,因此用一般过去时;第二个例句表示“到去年年底(the end of last year)”这个过去时间“以前”完成的动作,因此用过去完成时。如能弄清这个时间关系就可正确使用过去完成时。例如:
How many English films had you seen by the end of last term ?
到上学期末你们看了多少部英语电影?
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema .
当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。
过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如:He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here .
初中英语语法之过去完成时的用法介绍
初中英语过去完成时的语法大全
过去完成时就是表示过去的过去,下面就是老师为大家带来的'它的几种用法。
1)概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在
2)用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.