初中英语时态专题八:过去完成时(Word版)
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初中英语-过去完成时详细讲解版过去完成时是英语中一种表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况的时态。
它由"had + 过去分词"构成。
过去完成时的用法如下:1. 表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作:①She had already finished her homework when I arrived.(我到达时,她已经完成了作业。
)这里表示在我到达之前,她已经完成了作业。
②They had left before the concert started.(音乐会开始之前,他们已经离开了。
)这里表示在音乐会开始之前,他们已经离开了。
2. 表示在过去某一时间点之前持续的动作或状态:①He had been studying English for three years before he moved to England.(在他搬去英国之前,他已经学习英语三年了。
)这里表示在他搬去英国之前,他一直在学习英语。
需要注意的是,过去完成时强调的是过去某一时间点之前的动作或情况。
因此,常与过去的时间状语连用,如before、after等,以明确指定过去的时间点。
另外,过去完成时常与过去简单时连用,用于表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后顺序。
过去完成时的动作通常发生在过去简单时的动作之前。
例如:①She had finished her homework before she went to bed.(她在睡觉前已经完成了作业。
)②They had already left when I arrived at the party.(当我到达派对时,他们已经离开了。
)总结起来,过去完成时用于表示过去某一时间点之前已经发生的动作或情况,常与过去的时间状语连用,以明确指定过去的时间点。
同时,过去完成时通常与过去简单时连用,以表示两个过去的动作或情况的先后关系。
英语时态:过去完成时过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。
它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。
Ⅰ. 句法结构:1.陈述句:助动词have过去式+ doneA. 肯定形式:主语+had+done+其他B. 否定形式:主语+had not+done+其他注:助动词had不构成实际含义,因为是过去式,所以也不用与主语进行人称和数的变化;而行为(实义)动词仍统一以done形式存在在结构中,没有进行人称和数变化。
2.疑问句:A. 一般疑问句:助动词提前即可Had+主语+done+其他B.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(同上)3.被动语态:主语+ had + been +done +其他【被动结构be done,时体现在助动词】➢两态变化例句参考下表:Ⅰ. 主要用法:过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。
不同的是,过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前,与现在无关。
常与by the end of, by the time ..., before等时间状语连用。
1.过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.He said he had made great progress since he came here.3.放在said,told,asked,thought,wondered等过去时动词的后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
精华版过去完成时讲解过去完成时是英语语法中的一个时态,用来表示在过去某一特定时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
在这篇文章中,我们将详细讲解过去完成时的用法和特点。
一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时的构成由“had + 过去分词”组成。
其中,“had”是过去完成时的助动词,根据主语的人称和数的变化进行变化,而过去分词则通常保持不变。
例如:1. I had finished my homework before my mom came home.我在我妈妈回家之前已经完成了我的作业。
2. They had already left when we arrived at the party.当我们到达派对时,他们已经离开了。
二、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某一特定时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
例如:Before she arrived, he had already left.她到达之前,他已经离开了。
2. 表示过去某个时间点之前已经发生的动作。
By the time I got home, my sister had already eaten all the cake.当我到家时,我的妹妹已经把蛋糕都吃完了。
3. 在由时间状语从句引导的句子中,常用过去完成时表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
例如:She had finished her work before she went to bed.她上床睡觉前已经完成了她的工作。
4. 在条件句的结构中,过去完成时可以用来表示对过去情况的假设。
例如:If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.如果他学习更努力些,他就会通过考试。
三、过去完成时的注意事项1. 过去完成时经常与过去简单时连用,表示先后发生的两个动作。
例如:He had already left when I arrived.当我到达时,他已经离开了。
初中英语语法——过去完成时概念及用法⒈表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如:By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨天晚上 9 点钟,我们已经收到 200 张飞船发来的图片。
⒉表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和 for,since构成的时间状语连用。
例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.我在车站已经等了 20 分钟,一辆公共汽车终于来了。
⒊叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补充以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
例如:Mr.Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天就去世了。
他以前是我的好朋友。
⒋在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她发现她失去了的钥匙。
⒌过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought 等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:He said that he had known her well.他说他早就很了解她了。
⒍状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,“发生在过去的过去”,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
初中英语语法:八种时态详解与练习一.概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
二.种类:(基本时态)一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般现在时一、概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
二、常搭配的时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week,on Sundays, etc.三、基本结构①be动词(is,am,are);②行为动词(主语是第三人称单数时谓语动词要加s或es外) 否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
例句:I go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七点去上学。
Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
四、基本用法:1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。
初中英语语法之过去完成时详解•相关推荐初中英语语法大全之过去完成时详解过去完成时是表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果,或过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
下面就是老师为同学们带来的对过去完成时的详细讲解,供同学们学习的参考。
总结过去完成时①表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果②过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。
一、基本结构:主语+had+过去分词①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had. 否定回答: No,主语+had not .④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?二、基本用法1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的'过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3)一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:(1 )by + 过去的时间点。
初中英语语法八大时态总结完整版一、一般现在时1.定义:表示经常性或习惯性的动作、状态或真理。
2.结构:主语+动词原形(+其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) I go to school every day.(2) He often plays basketball after school.(3) Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.二、一般过去时1.定义:表示过去一些时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.结构:主语+动词的过去式(+其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) They visited their grandparents last weekend.(2) She lived in Beijing when she was young.(3) We studied English in middle school.三、一般将来时1.定义:表示将来一些时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 结构:主语 + will + 动词原形(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) I will go to the park tomorrow.(3) We will have a party next week.四、现在进行时1.定义:表示现在正在进行的动作。
2. 结构:主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) She is reading a book right now.(2) They are playing soccer in the park.(3) We are having dinner at the moment.五、过去进行时1.定义:表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作。
2. 结构:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing(+ 其他成分)。
3.例句:(1) He was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.(2) They were traveling in Europe during summer vacation.(3) We were studying when the phone rang.六、将来进行时1.定义:表示将来一些时间正在进行的动作。
英语专项过去完成时态过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense)用于描述在过去某一时间点或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
它由助动词"had"加上过去分词构成。
就是“过去”的过去过去完成时态常用于以下情况:1. 表示过去某一时间点之前的动作或事件。
例如:- She had already left when I arrived.(当我到达时,她已经离开了。
)- They had finished dinner by the time we got there.(我们到达的时候,他们已经吃完晚饭了。
)2. 表示过去某一动作或状态在另一过去动作之前已经完成。
例如:- I had read that book before I watched the movie.(在看这部电影之前,我已经读过那本书了。
)- He had already left the party when I called him.(当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了派对。
)3. 在间接引语中,主句使用过去完成时,表示过去所引述的话或想法是在引述者原来说话或思考的时间之前。
例如:- She said she had never been to Paris before.(她说她以前从未去过巴黎。
)- He told me that he had already finished the project.(他告诉我他已经完成了这个项目。
)需要注意的是,在过去完成时态中,通常会有另一个过去时态的参照点,用来比较动作的先后顺序。
过去完成时态本身并不指定动作的具体时间,而是强调在已经过去的某一时间点之前的完成状态。
大家牢记:过去完成时态的时间标志词:同时满足2个条件:A: by / by the end of / by the time /when / beforeB:表示一般过去时态的的时间或动作。
以下是具体的例子:1. By the time I got home last night, my mom had already gone to bed.(我昨晚到家的时候,妈妈已经睡觉了,"by the time" 表示动作发生前的一点时刻)2. When I arrived at the airport, the flight had already taken off.(我到达机场的时候,飞机已经起飞了,"when" 表示两个动作在同一时间发生)3. By the end of the movie, I had already eaten all the popcorn.(电影结束的时候,我已经吃完了所有的爆米花,"by the end of" 表示动作完成时的时间点)4. Before I started working at the company, it had already been in business for ten years.(在我开始在公司工作之前,公司已经经营了十年,"before" 表示动作发生前)5. By the time he finished his homework, it had already gotten darkoutside.(他完成作业时,外面已经变黑了,"by the time" 强调动作发生前的某一时间点)以上的例句中,过去完成时态的动作比表示一般过去时态的动作先发生。
最新过去完成时考点解析(Word版附答案)1一、初中英语过去完成时1.By the end of last month, we ______already ______ our lessons.A. has, finishedB. have, finishedC. had, finishedD. will, finish【答案】 C【解析】【分析】题意:到上个月末为止,我们已经结束了课程。
根据句意,应选C。
【点评】注意时间状语,很容易选出。
2.—Peter, _______ you _______ your homework?—Not yet, I'll do it at once.A. have; finishedB. Did; finishC. Will; finish【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:——皮特,你完成作业了吗?——还没有,我马上做。
根据Not yet, I'll do it at once.可知此处问你的作业完成了吗,所以句子时态用现在完成时,现在完成时的结构have+done,故选A。
【点评】此题考查句子时态。
要根据上下文的联系确定句子时态。
3.We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. has【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:我们是在太累了,停下来休息一下吧。
stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A【点评】注意时态一致,4.By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city.A. have beenB. haveC. had beenD. will【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:到2012年底,我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。
Buildings是build这一动作的承受者,该用被动语态。
展宏学校中考英语常考八大时态与被动语态类别一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时用途谓语结构(动词形式 ) 被动结构时态标志1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在(说话瞬间)正2.表示客观事实或永恒真理;在进行或发生的动作。
3.表示特征、爱好、状态和能力等。
V.原或 V.三单 (he/she/it 或能够用he/she/it 代替的人或物后用三单 )am / is / are + 过分am / is / are +being+过分1. 频率副词: often;sometimes=(at 1. now = at present = righttimes); always; usually; every day now = at the moment(every + 时间 ) 2. look, listen开头的句2. 次数: twice a week子。
3. on Sundays:在每一个星期天例句 :例句 :She is watering the treesHe often cleans the room. 主(动 )now. (主动 )The roomoften by him.The trees by(被动 )her now. (被动 )1. 表示发生在过去的动表示将来某个时间要发生的作一直持续到现在; 2.动作或存在的状态。
表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
have/has + 过分 1.will + V .原2.be going to + V.原have / has been + 过分will be + 过分1. for / since+时间; 1.将来的时间: tomorrow;the day2. 副词 ever, never, yet,after tomorrow;next week ;in a fewalready 等;days;in 3 years;in the future ;this3. so far = by now=up to evening/year/weeknow; 2. at once=in a minute=right away3.soon4.in the last/past few 例句 :years;She will do it tomorrow. ( 主动 )It by her5.over the years= in tomorrow. (被动 )recent years在主从复合句中,当主句为一般将来It ’s 7 o’clock + 现在进行时、主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动时。
完整版)初中过去完成时讲解过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态的时态。
它强调了过去的过去,有时可以用介词短语或时间状语从句来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。
基本结构是主语+had+过去分词,肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句都有相应的用法。
例如,“Had you finished your homework before you went out?”可以表示过去完成时的一般疑问句。
过去完成时有三种基本用法。
第一种是表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成的动作,可以用介词短语或时间状语从句来表示,如“By the time I arrived。
they had already left.”第二种是表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for、since构成的时间状语连用,如“I had been waiting for the bus for half an hour when it finally came.”第三种是在叙述过去发生的事情时,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作,常使用过去完成时,如“He had XXX I arrived.”在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时,如“The book。
which I had read before。
was very interesting.”需要注意的是,过去完成时不应该和过去时混淆使用,因为它们的时间点不同。
过去完成时强调了过去的过去,而过去时则只是表示过去的动作或状态。
5) The past perfect tense is often used in the object clauses (or indirect speech) after verbs such as told。
said。
knew。
heard。
thought。
etc。
In this case。
英语八大时态每种形式的例句1、一般现在时:一般疑问句:Dose she go to school by bike?肯定句:She goes to school by bike.否定句:She does not go to school by bike.2、一般过去时:一般疑问句:Did you finish your homework yesterday?肯定句:I finished my homework yesterday.否定句:I did not finish my homework yesterday.3、一般将来时:一般疑问句:Will/Are you going to go fishing tomorrow?肯定句:I will/am going to go fishing tomorrow。
否定句:I won’t/am not going to fishing tomorrow。
4、现在进行时:一般疑问句:Is he playing computer game?肯定句:He is playing computer game.否定句:He i sn’t playing computer game。
5、现在完成时:一般疑问句:Have you been to Beijing?肯定句:I have been to Beijing three times。
否定句:I haven't been to Beijing.6、过去进行时:一般疑问句:Were you watching TV at 7:00a.m。
yesterday?肯定句:I was watching TV at 7:00a。
m。
yesterday.否定句:I wasn’t watching TV at 7:00a.m. yesterday.7、过去完成时:一般疑问句:Had you finished your homework when you watched the TV.肯定句:I had already finished my homework when I watched the TV。
(完整word)初中过去完成时讲解过去完成时用法讲解一、概念:表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词。
二、用法:1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。
)2.与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
例如:The train had started when I got to the XXX(当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
)The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。
)解说:使用曩昔完成时在简单句里表达某一举措在曩昔的某一时辰已完成时,该曩昔的时辰常以“by+曩昔工夫”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的:He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。
请再观察下面的句子试比较:It XXX(误)It XXX.(正)或许你会说:“昨天下了雨,可是今天已放晴了,下雨已是过去的事,而且已经下完了,所以就用过去完成时……。
”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。
实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。
1.由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。
2.除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外,应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。
3、曩昔完成经经常使用的连词有:before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时?1.在told, said, knew, heard, XXX等动词引导的宾语从句中,一般用过去完成时。
(完整版word)初二英语过去完成时知识点总结含答案一、初中英语过去完成时1.— What do you think of the young lady?— She is hard-working. She ________ all her effort into her work before she got ill.A. has putB. putC. had putD. would put【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:——你认为这位小姐怎样?——她很勤奋。
她生病前把她所有的精力都投入到她的工作中。
根据时间状语从句before she got ill.可知主句动作是过去的过去,该用过去完成时态:had+过去分词,故答案为C。
【点评】考查过去完成时。
理解句意并掌握过去完成时表示过去的过去,构成为:had+过去分词。
2.Mary thought of the party which she___________ for this day.A. planB. plannedC. had plannedD. would plan【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:玛丽想起了她今天计划的聚会。
plan的动作发生在thought of的动作之前,表示过去的过去,要用过去完成时had+过去分词。
故选C。
【点评】考查过去完成时的构成和用法。
注意过去完成时表示过去的过去含义。
3.— Jim, why didn't you go to Beijing by train?— Bad luck! When I got to the station, the train ________.A. leftB. had already leftC. has already leftD. has been left【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:——吉姆,你为什么不坐火车去北京呢?——真倒霉!我到车站时,火车已经开走了。
初中英语时态专题八:过去完成时(Word版)过去完成时一、过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
二、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。
eg.1 When I got to school, the bell had rung.eg.2 By the time I got home ,my little brother had gone to bed.eg.3 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.三、过去完成时的用法用法1:过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。
强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
1.他说他以前见过你。
He said that he (see) you before.2.我出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了。
By the time I got outside, the bus (leave).用法2:过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。
1. 到了六点钟为止,他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o'clock they (work)for eight hours.2. 我到广州时,他在那里很长时间了。
When I came to GangZhou , he (be) there for a long time.用法3. 过去完成时和already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。
1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。
He told me that his team already (win).2. 她说她仍没去过长城。
She said that she (not be to) the Great Wall yet.用法4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。
用法 5.过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
用法6.状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until 引导的例如:When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn' t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
→ 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before 和after 的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
例如:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
用法7.动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你。
四、过去完成时的基本结构基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语+had.否定回答:No, 主语+had not .④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?五、过去完成时的判断依据1.由“过去的过去”来判断:通常句子中有明显表示过去的动作或时间,而谓语部分的动作发生在过去的动作或时间之前;或由already/just/ever/yet 等词判断。
2. 由时间状语来判定:一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
如by the time;by+过去的时间点;by the end of +过去的时间点;before+过去的时间等。
【练习】一、单项选择1.I lost the dictionary I .A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought2.The train had gone when my brother at the station.A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving3. Mary of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her changeher mind.A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought4 .------Did you meet Tom at the ai rpor t?------No ,he by the time Ithere.A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got 5 .-------Why didn't Tom attend the meeting yesterday ?-------H eBeiji ng.A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to6.-------I to come to help you.------But you didn't come.A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean7.Finally one of my friends by Beijing Un i v e rs it y,for which she five times.A.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried8.------I have bought you the books you w a n t.------Oh,good,I afraid you had forgotten.A.was B.am C.had been D.have been9.We four thousand new words by the end of last year.A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned10 .Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come11. My father to the hospital when I hurried home.A. had goneB. wentC. had been takenD. had been sent12. ----- Jim, you your homework?----- Yes, of course, but I it late bed time.A. do do; finishedB. did do; had finishedC. have done; had finishedD. have done; finished13. You football after school. Why not go home and do your homework first?A. always playedB. are always playingC. have always playedD. have always been playinglarge crowds at the 14. E v e r s i n ce P ica sso's p ai n ti ng w e n t on e xh i b it, t h e r emuseum every day.A. isB. has beenC. have beenD. had been15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What's that? I about something else.A. was thinkingB. thoughtC. am thinkingD. had t hough t二、填空1. How many English songs she (learn) by the end of last month?2. Hardly I (get) on the bus when it started to move3. He (read) the book before he was ten years old.4. She said she (see) the film before.5. Our English teacher (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.6. By the end of last month, they (complete)the bridge .7. No sooner I (go) out than he came to see me.8. He asked where I (go) during the summer vacation.(clea n) b e for e w e(get) there 9. T h e cla ssroo myesterday.10. the boy (finish) his homework before you saw him?11. When we got to the station, the train already . (leave)12. The book by the end of last month. (finish)13. W h e n I go t b ac k t o t h e shop , m y b a g someone else.14. W h e n I a rr i v e d at t h e ci n ema, t h e f ilm minutes.15. ---What's that terrible noise?---The neighbors (prepare) for a party. (take) away by (be )on for ten16. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics( complete) by 2006.17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.18. ---Mr. Johnson didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday morning, did he?--- No. We (wait) till twelve o'clock. A whole morning was wasted.19. ---Why haven't you asked her to come here?---She (do) an important experiment when I found her and sh e(no t, finish) it.Keys:Ⅰ . 1-5 CBCBB 6-10 BBAAC 11-15. DDBCAⅡ . 1. had learnt 2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone 8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12.had been finished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will have beencompleted 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn't finished。