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新编大学英语教案〔4〕Unit 6 RisksAims of TeachingMaster the words describing some risky activitiesImprove the students’ abilities of reading comprehension and writingKey PointsIntroducing the methods of locating the key sentence of each paragraph to sum up the whole textUsing multi-media teaching equipmentGroup-DiscussionLiving performanceUnit 6 RisksPart one preparation1> T and Ss list different jobs, and then Ss discuss the corresponding risks Jobs: nurse, psychiatrist, businessman, policeman, coal miner, lawyer, stockbroker, presidents, secretary, beggar, teacher, fighter pilot, accountant, footballplayer, interpreter, fireman, singer, civil servant, ambassador…Categorize them into three types: physical ones, financial ones, emotional ones 2> Which activity is riskier?Rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car, skiing, being a 65-year-old man, flying in an airplane, driving a motorcycle, and skydiving3> Issue discussion: Do you think CET-4 causes risks in the students? If there issome, what are they? <certificate, degree, emotional influence>In-Class Reading: Risks and You1. Words and expressions1. or other: <usu. used with somebody/something/somewhere, someday, somehow, etc.>expressing uncertainty or vagueness about a person, thing or place.a. The box is somewhere or other in the kitchen.箱子在厨房的某个地方。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
（第二版）第四册Unit11.a艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
1.Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely.2.Such disputes multiplied in the 19th and 18th centurnies.3.Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation…4.Fatty foods should be eliminated from the diet.5.If you are opposed to risks,you will want to choose your activities by focusing onthesmallratioexposures.6.The visit to Germany gave them exposure to the language.7.Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds onpartial information.8.This is only a partial solution to the problem.9.However, heart disease tends to strike the elderly in much greater proportions than youngerpeople.10.Three earthquakes struck Peru on April 5th and 6th.11.The kinds of experiences that travel agents like Peter Evans are offering range from white-waterrafting on Africa’s Zambezi River, to climbing some of the world’s highest mountains.12.The show had a massive audience, ranging from children to grandpareents.13.The whole concept of living life to the maximum, living for now, is what Pepsi Max is all about.And the whole area of extreme sports really fulfills that ambition.14.They hope to fulfill their objectives by 2008.15.But what if the bag accidentallyinflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causingan accident that would never have occurred otherwise?16.Her life jacket failed to inflate.17.The ultimate risk avoider minght, for instance, buy a tank or an armored car, thus minimizingthe risk of death or injury in a collision.18.You can try to minimize the damage to innocent civilians.19.And, at home, companies are lining up to offer people the chance to experience danger.20.Fans lined the street just to get a glimpse of the band.21.We the faculty take no pride in our educational achievement with you.22.Students and some faculty attended the conference.23.But starting now, in the world to which you go, failure marks you.24.The disease had marked her face for life.25.With us you could argue about why your errors were not errors, why mediocre work really wasexcellent…26.The teacher should make sure that each child has a piece of work displayed on the wall.27.But tomorrow,in the world to which you go, you had best not defend errors but learn fromthem.28.The workers were trying hard to defend their interests.29.When you were garrulous and talked to hear yourselves talk, we listened as if it mattered.30.It doesn’t matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.31.It is conventional to quote in addresses such as these.32.The new President delivered his inaugural address on a rainy day.33.He is completely ignoring all the pressures and hard times students go through to make it atcollege.34.It’s devastating for a mother to watch her child go through misery.35.Neusner believes that in college we are trained to think that “failure leaves no record”becausewe can supposedly get away with mistakes easily.36.The thieves got away with jewelry worth over $50,000.37.When the going gets tough, the tough have to get down to work because, unlike what Neusnerbelieves, college does not give “painless” solutions to mistakes.38.The reporter kept asking a lot of tough questions, which made the actor a bit annoyed.39.I knew that thousands of students were up there at that very moment,…trying against all oddsto memorize arcane facts and figures that they really cared nothing about.40.We’re surprised to find that he has an income of six figures.41.They walked into trees, steadied their bodies, and kept walking.42.The old lady reached the chair and steadied herself.43.First, my parents had paid for my tution and I feared they would pull out their financial supportand leave me destitute.44.The project became so expensive that we had to pull out.45.These symptoms can contribute to heart disease and strokes, two of our most frequent causesof death.46.I looked after my father after he had a stroke.47.They were all time addicts, taught since childhood to schedule their lives by society’s clock, andall felt lost without the security of a timepiece.48.This insurance plan offers your family financial security in the event of your death.49.Almost all living things in our world carry their own biological clocks synchronized with therhythms of nature.50.Older managers carry more authority in a crisis.51.Even body temperatures started to rise and fall together, a sign that subtle biochemicalchanges in each body were now happening together.52.The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them.53.People brought back from the brink of death often recall their entire lives flash before them inan instant.54.Her life flashed before her eyes when she was lying at the bottom of the cave, unable to moveor cry.55.To illustrate that time is relative, Einstein observed that to a person sitting on a hot stove, twominutes could feel like two hours.56.Keynesobserved that humans fall into two classes.57.Tap our body’s power to change time.58.We hope that additional sources of funding can be tapped.59.Most people can summon it up merely by dismissing disturbing thoughts and by controllingtheir breathing.60.He tried without success to dismiss her from his thoughts.61.The cultural pattern we call time is learnt, and if we wish to live in harmony with nature wemust learn to recognize that its time still shapes our world and should not be ignored.62.One must recognize that homesickness is natural.63.We use the phrase”thebeat of a different drummer” to explain any pace of life unlike our own.64.We heard the beat of a drum in the distance.65.I could not, in all honesty, attribute their lingering to my superb teaching style.66.The success in his work is solely attributed to his diligence.67.Because it is manipulated less consciously, it is subject to less distortion than the spokenlanguage.68.All train times are subject to change in bad weather conditions.69.The Atomic Age dawned in 1945.70.As the Cold War dawned in 1949, Galvin was starting his military career.71.It is certain that technology, especially computer technology, will rule our lives to a greater andgreater degree.72.Don’t let yourself be ruled by your feelings in this matter.73.When scientists talk about the remarkably adaptable nature of people, they probably havethese people in mind.74.It’s human nature never to be completely satisfied.75.We have read a lot about scientific and technological change, but that is only part of thepicture of modern life.76.The economic picture has changed a lot in the last couple of weeks.77.There is often a great lag between scientific discovery and cultural acceptance.78.Thereis always a lag between the policy being announced and its implementation.79.The scientific mothod has shown us endless marvels and wonders, but methods can’t provideall the answers.80.The internet has introduced millions to the wonders of digital photos and graphics.81.People believed that science would lead them to a new era of endless prosperity andhappiness.But it didn’t work out that way.82.We hoped to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month, but things did notwork out as we had expected.83.He said,”Eliminate all younger than 25, all older than 40. Then eliminate all with an IQunder120; allwith a height under 150 centimeters and over 175 centimeters.”84.The police have eliminated two suspects from their inquiry.85.Eight were very good matches and Milton said, “Good, you have their data banks. Studyrequirements and needs in the job market and arrange to have them assigned here. One at a time, of course.”86.Moina was a perfect match for him.87.“Absolutely,” he said.”I would have hnown this if I had had more to do with women in my life.Of course, thinking about it makes it all plain now.”88.It was plain to everyone at the office that Bill would soon be fired for his bad performance.89.The people at the Alcor Life Extension Foundation have not only brought Duane back to life,they have given him back his youth, using the latest computer technology.90.The science program was funded by a grant from the Ford Foundation.91.Mr.Garfield seems to hold science in higher regard than most people, including scientiststhemselves.92.Her work is held in very high regard by her fellow researchers.93.Scott Robertson, the school’s young English instructor, adjusted his glasses and looked to rightand left to see if they were overheard.94.Liz adjusted her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking bay.95.He looked vaguely about for another drink and didn’t find any.96.“how was it?” he asked vaguely , absorbed in his own thoughts.97.Bald and an ugly mustache. He spoke in a thick brogue. viewers will get just one more chance to hear his thick Scottish accent.99.A few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great State of New York, to run againstStewart L.Woodford and John T. Hoffman, on an independent ticket.100.He withdrew his name from the Democratic ticket.101.By this time there was such a clamor for an “answer” to all the dreadful charges that were laid to me, that the leaders of my party said it would be political ruin for me to remain silent any longer.102.Wallace denied charges that he had lied to investigators.103.Then came the charge of poisoning my uncle to get his property.104.The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests; personal property.105.In what way are we inferior? Can we not establish our superiority? We must do something about it.106.He’d already begun to establish quite a reputation as a journalist.107.I am pleased to place before you four major points over which we have to deliberate. 108.She deliberated over the decision for a long time before she made up her mind.109.Man as well as the other animals are born alike, of the womb of the mother.Then why should animals be called”janthu” and man as “manava”? They should be addressed alike. 110.The president should be addressed as “Mr.president”.111.Promising new technologies can power our homes，factories and cars with cleaner，more efficient energy---cutting emissions while strengthening our economy．112.前景广阔的新技术可以为我们的家庭、工业和汽车提供更干净、更有效率的能源——既能减少废气排放，又能促进经济发展。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册读写教程课文翻译.An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
"Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
Unit 6[4] All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat—in other words, with every action.But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others.The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly[N].4 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。
有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关，换句话说，与所进行的任何活动有关。
但我们又不能，也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事，而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。
有些活动是比其它活动更危险。
关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后相机行事。
8] Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that, therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way[N].Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.8 我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的，因而就没有绝对安全的事，我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险，而是要理智地管理风险。
英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。
这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。
但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。
2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。
这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。
他能找到工作吗？3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。
他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。
4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。
5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。
他们给的年薪是1.8万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。
但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。
”6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。
他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。
他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。
新编⼤学英语4课后答案新编⼤学英语4 浙江⼤学编著Part Three FURTHER DEVELOPMENT Unit 1 Leisure Activities1. Enriching Your Word Power1) B 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) A 6 C 7) B 8) C 9) B 10)A 11)C 12) C2. Translation Practice这位上了年纪⽽从未结过婚的英国⼥⼠，在1930年第⼀次出现在⼩说《牧师住宅的谋杀案》中时，年纪⼤约在65到70岁之间。
在长达41年多的时间⾥，她出现在12部长篇⼩说、20篇短篇⼩说中——最后⼀次破案时她已经很⽼了。
从外表上看，马普尔⼩姐⾼⾼瘦瘦，⾯⾊红润⽽布满皱纹，有着⼀双淡蓝⾊的眼睛，雪⽩的头发在头上盘成⽼式的发髻。
她的外表看上去不会给任何⼈造成伤害。
再加上她那漫⽆边际的闲谈以及永远都在⾝边的⽑线针，她常常会引起⼈们的误解，把她仅仅看成是⼀位“犹犹豫豫的⽼⼥⼈”。
那可真是⼩看了她。
那些真正了解她的⼈都明⽩，她是⼈类本性敏锐的观察者，⽽且“不可思议地总是正确的”。
虽然马普尔⼩姐⼀⽣都⽣活在看上去枯燥乏味的圣玛丽牧场，她却相当⽼到地明⽩并接受“我们周围尽是邪恶”这个事实。
就像她经常指出的那样，⼤城市能找到的⼈性特征和邪恶，在她住的村⼦及周边也都能找到。
于是，她的破案⽅式就是找出圣玛丽牧场和外⾯世界在⽣活和⼈物⽅⾯的相似之处。
Unit2 The Power of Words1. Enriching Your Word Power1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) A1. Translation Practice1) 另⼀⽅⾯，打电话更快捷，所以当你需要很快得到⼀个答复时，电话更合适些。
2) ⼀些最精彩的信是灵感突现时写的，所以要把⽂具放在你能坐⼏分钟、很快给朋友写短信的地⽅。
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)Unit 1享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。
这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。
那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。
这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。
我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。
这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。
而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。
我们都听人说过这样的话：―我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。
‖有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。
一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。
一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的人。
一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。
这么说是有道理的。
4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。
我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。
通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩—我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。
而且，她们的这种喜欢是相互的。
布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母，当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。
外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：―啊哈，你又上了我的当。
‖5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。
第一部分是铺垫（即背景），接下来是主干部分（即故事情节），随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾）。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文及翻译-第二四六单元第二单元Smart CarsMichio Kaku。
7 Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four "atomic clocks," which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.开车最头疼的两大麻烦是迷路和交通堵塞。
Unit11. 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm. 2.我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。
We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons. 3. 菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。
Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. 作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。
Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5.既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit21) 空气中有一种不寻常的寂寞，只有远处想着大炮的声音。
There was an unusual quietness in the air,except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) 在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。
Book 4 Unit 6 The Pace of Life1) To stimulate consumption, farmers now can buy household appliances with government subsidy.译文：为了刺激消费，农民可以通过政府补贴来购买家用电器。
2）Conventional medicine has concentrated mainly on the treatment of chronic and acute illness, and until recent years the role of preventive(预防性的) medicine has suffered comparative neglect.译文：传统医学一直主要致力于慢性病和急性病的治疗，而且预防医学的作用还一直相对地遭到冷遇，直到近几年这个情况才有所缓解。
3）Cost apart, you should remember that however fancy a fridge is ,it doesn’t kill bacteria (细菌); it only shows down the rate at which they multiply.译文：除去（购买的）费用，你应该记住，不管电冰箱有多别致，它也不能够杀灭死细菌，它只能降低细菌的繁殖速度。
4）The economic planners are seeking to achieve a fairer distribution of wealth throughout society, but it’s easier said than done, I think.译文：经济规划师正设法在全社会实现更为公平的财富分配，但我认为这说起来容易做起来难。
注释：seek to do…意为“设法做…”，相当于try to do…；distribution 意为“分配”5）The town has been producing wool, cloth, and blankets since the 13th century and much of its prosperity today is still founded on those industries.译文：自13 世纪以来，这个城镇一直生产羊毛、布匹和地毯，它今天的许多繁荣兴旺仍然建立在那些工业的基础上。
新编综合英语教程翻译（第二版）第四册课后翻译答案1. Many developing countries, after independence, were afflicted with economic problems to begin with.2. In order to protect domestic industries, the government decided to impose anti-dumping tariff on imported products.3. Knowledge without practical experience counts for little.4. Thousands of people were forced to abandon their homes to the invading enemy troops.5. I’ve lived in Shanghai so long that I’ve looked upon the city as my second hometown.6. The roof will have to be propped up while repairs are being carried out.7. In the face of great hardship, he managed to keep his sense of humor.UNIT51.We took pity on the couple waiting for a bus in the rain and gave them a lift.2.He finds it difficult to put up with the noise of the construction site.3.Mary and John fell out of love finally. They are not even on speaking terms now.4.Listeners' letters on this topic have been coming in thick and fast.5.I came upon this bundle of letters when I was sorting out the documents.6.My boss is so conservative that another of my great ideas has bitten the dust.7.Smoking does more harm than good to the health.8.The manager was late for the meeting because he wasdetained in the office by some unexpected visitors./doc/1311323552.html,puterisation has enabled us to do away with a lot of paperwork.UNIT61. Parents must accompany their children to school because the traffic is too busy on the road.2.Loaded with packs, I was unable to walk fast.3.He made several attempts before finally passing the university entrance examinations.4. Young people tend to feel disdain for anything old-fashioned.5. This novel testifies to his rich knowledge of the culture of the tribe.6. Due to a backlog of paper work, the company had to put off interviewing the job applicants.7. The teacher pointed out that there were several places in his performance that were out of tuneUNIT71.An opportunity as good as this arises / occurs only once ina blue moon.2. The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother's handbag without permission.3. She did not give credence to a single word of his story.4. Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students' mistakes.5. I took it for granted you'd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket.6. Thanks to the manager's repeated counseling, the staff soon broke the bad habit of coming late to work.7. He's furious with her now, but he'll forgive her soon. It'sjust/only a matter of a few hours, that's all.UNIT81.He failed to make it as a pop singer, but he turned out to be a successful businessman.2.The thrilling plot of the movie captured the hearts of the audience.3.One of the company’s main concerns is to ensure the safety of its employees.4.The retired president was unwilling to let go of his privileges.5.Nancy could feel hot tears welling up in her eyes.6.The best way to strengthen our bond is not to give gifts but to exchange our opinions frankly.7.You’ll end up in hospital if you drive your car like this.8.In truth we feared for her safety although we didn’t let it be known.UNIT91. The landlady told me that the rent must be paid in advance.2. Although this company boasts that its products are superior to those of other companies, they are actually inferior in3. What lies at the root of the problem is their lack of interest.4. The police interviewed several witnesses, but none of them could tell how the accident came about.5. The new building of the department store does not conform to the safety regulations.6. She derived great satisfaction from her stamp collection.7. Colorful balloons and flags added to the festive atmosphere of the small town.8. Money is very important, but happiness is not always associated with wealth.UNIT101. The tourists cheered with excitement when they saw water cascading down the mountainside.2. Owing to the policy of reform, the small town is thriving day by day.3. Could you read through this for me and highlight the important points?4. At times I wonder if rote learning is worthwhile.5. The superstitions that used to prevail in Old China are disappearing gradually.6. Thanks to the improvement in export sales, the company has successfully fulfilled its marketing plan. UNIT111.If you can’t afford to pay in cash, you can buy the car on credit.2. I said I’d help him and that’s what I’m going to do. I sh all keep my word.3. I've a stake in this company and don't wish to see it go bankrupt.4. With the development of industrial production, the old feudal system began to fall apart.5. He is very competent and keeps everything straight on the farm.6. The new educational system aims to give the students the initiative to learn more subjects.7. Before starting on our trip we should tune the car up.UNIT121. They were deprived of normal childhood happiness by the war.2. Blossoming valleys and the beautiful colors of autumn lure numerous visitors into the mountains.3. What he said meant in essence that he didn't support our plan.4. Having sold the house, she had a considerable amount of money at her disposal.5. There are some things that I don't like about this job. But by and large it's quite enjoyable.6. They bribed the congressman with a large sum of money to get his support for their proposal at the meeting.7. The policy has not only produced obvious short-termeffects but will also exert a long-term influence on the future development of society.8. Influenced by the international economic crisis, many of the local companies are in the grip of a recession UNIT131. They usually leave off work at 5 o’clock, but today they have to work o vertime.2. All the museums and art galleries in the city are open to the public for free/free of charge.3. It’s very discouraging to be sneered at by them all the time.4. She has been a little run down lately and the doctor has advised her to take a short holiday.5. The whole city is bathed in a sea of joy today.6. It’s very dark outside, and the sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.7. I booked two film tickets by phone yesterday in the name of Thomas.UNIT141. There is a Greek art collection on display at the museum at the moment.2. Lost in the forest and out of food, he was reduced to eatingwild herbs and fruit to keep himself alive.3. This area has been marked off as a future playground.4. There was no choice but to wade through the muddy water.5. The congressman appealed to the government to set up more schools.6. They were in a dreadful plight when their money and passports were stolen while they were on holiday in a foreign country.7. At the urging of her friends, I arranged for a doctor to see her.8. He tried to keep up a calm appearance, but his trembling voice gave him away.UNIT151. She seems to take little pleasure in doing such things.2. The professor told us that the tradition of landscape painting could date from the prehistoric age.3. After attending the lecture of the famous writer, he decided to give up medicine and take to literature.4. Let's dispense with the formalities and go directly into the discussion.5. These animals run extraordinarily fast and in consequence their hunting methods are very efficient indeed.6. The police searched every house in the district for the escaped criminal, but to no avail.7. Parents tend to take very great pride in the achievements of their children.淋巴结与脾结构比较表淋巴结脾被膜薄，有多个输入淋巴管穿入厚，表面有间皮，内含平滑肌门部有输出淋巴管、血管等有脾A、V出入小梁较薄粗大，含小梁A、V和平滑肌实质分皮质和髓质分白髓、红髓和边缘区淋巴小结位于浅层皮质，单行排列散在，位于动脉周围淋巴鞘的一侧胸腺依赖区副皮质区动脉周围淋巴鞘淋巴索髓索脾索，内含大量血细胞窦淋巴窦（内为淋巴）血窦（内为血液）最早接触抗原的部位浅层皮质弥散淋巴组织边缘区淋巴细胞进入的通道副皮质区毛细血管后微静脉边缘窦功能滤过淋巴，免疫应答滤血，造血，贮血，免疫应答。
新编大学英语第二版第四册unit1-10答案完整版Unit11. 1) A entertaining B entertainment C entertained D entertainer2) A recognizable B recognized C recognition D3) A tempting B temptation C tempt4) A reasoned B reasoning C reasonable D reason5) A analyzed B analytical C analyst D analysis6) A valuable B valuation C valued/values D values7) A humorist B humor C humorous D humorless8) A understandable B understanding C understand D misunderstood2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneColumn AColumn BThe Compound Words createdthroughdaythroughoutupmanupbeat, upliftdraweareddrawbackteenreadyteenagehandconscioushandout, handwrittenbirthbackbirthday, birthstonechairdistancechairmanragbeatrag-earedeverliftever-readyoverageoverdue, overagelongduelong-distance, long-earedselfstoneself-consciousmileoutmileage, milestonetypewishingtypewriter, typewrittenwellWriter/writtenwell-wishing, well-writtenStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives2) strategy3) annual4) deserve5) spontaneous6) sincere7) investments8) enterprise9) follow up10) characterized11) lingered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched2) clever3) solution4) wasted5) tolerate6) hidden7) dumb8) subject9) noise10) extra11) purchased12) replaced13) appreciation14) hurried15) warrant16) strangeUnit 3Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking over the class-room discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in lawand medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys inclass.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math andscience while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who developreading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys doequally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, whilegirls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to beapproved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in theiranswers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditionaland expected mold.V ocabulary1. 1) genetic2) assign3) noticeably4) approved5) Bias6) deprived7) constituted8) participation9) unintentional10) postgraduate2.conscious- unconsciousencourage- discouragedirectly- indirectlysexist – nonsexistdependent- independentpositive – negativesuperior - inferiorbiased – fairlimited – unlimitedappropriately- inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out2) carry over3) calling on4) put away5) fallen behind6) take overUnit 4 CreativityWord Building (P 141)1. confuseA. I was confused in…B. There seems to be some confusion …2. intelligentA. have a low intelligenceB. intelligent3. humorA. A humorous thingB. people lacking in humor4. strategyA. improve his strategyB. … is of great strategic importance5. motivateA. students who are well motivated and happy in their leaningB. His motivation was so strong that…6. combineA. a combination of tiredness and boredom caused me to fall asleep in class.B. Sickness, combined with bad weather, made our trip impossible7. createA. the creation of a new exam systemB. the most creative writer8. pursueA. In pursuit of…B. She is pursuing her studies9. multiplyA. learning multiplicationB. if you multiple four by tree…10. employA. He was healthy but he did not know how to employ (使用;应用)his energyB. the employment of modern machineryFilling the blanks (P 142):1) Is just a working model; we haven’t perfected it yet.2) We need to find the best way of approaching the problem.3) Which do you value more, wealth and health.4) You’ll soon learn how the office functions (=work运作)5) …adopt a different approach (采用不同方法)6) The car… is in almost perfect condition.7) Children should honor (尊敬) their father and mother.8) The main function(功能) of the kidneys is to purity the blood.9) It’s an honor to be asked to speak at this meeting.10) For them, the main value of the house lay in its quiet location.Filling the blanks (p 143)1) We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.2) Pain and illness are thought to be the unavoidable consequences (后果)3) The government is committed to (致力;投入) promoting the developmentand use of public transportation.4) The restriction no longer applies to him because he’s over 18.5) …are vital /very important to…6) His ideas were scorned (轻蔑;鄙视) by many American psychologists.7) Internet connections through conventional (平常的; 惯常的) hone lines are fairly slow.8) I have to buy a wedding present and I want to find something really original (新颖的; 独创的)Filling the blanks(p 143)1) consciously2) innovative solutions3) unconsciously4) consciously5) Imagination6) Are not aware how…7) in control of8) Your future is created by your thoughts…9) Your present no longer has to be an extension (延伸;延续) of your past.10) A powerful technique11) You are vulnerable(脆弱的;易受伤的) to others.12) …so your life is unfolding (展开) that way13) Joyful, creative, exciting experience.14) You…have everything to gain.15) Apply creative living to every area of your life.Unit5Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good or bad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whileaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete. (para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parents try to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside Jesus Christ. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decided to try to be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.V ocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it 10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlivedUnit 6 Risks1. Vocabulary (p 223)a. sensible adviceb. relative advantagesc. the mechanism that worked the alarmd. … requires skille. eliminate all the errorsf. a plane crash2. Filling the blanks (p 223)1) The true character of many risks is quite different from what we might have imagined.2) We end up preparing ourselves for the impossible risk3) Rarely do we learn the risk level4) Such a casual attitude towards the risk level certainly sells newspapers.5) because virtually (几乎) everything is risky (adj.)6) There are all manner of risks (n.) in our daily life.7) People should inform themselves not only about what is risky, but also what the level of the risk is …8) Because ignoring the risk level makes sensible risk management impossible.9) Unless someone can definitely tell you what level of risk is associated with a particular activity, do as you wish.3. Translation (p 223-224)1) On the strength of (基于)those grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse University.2) The market has all manner of (各种各样) interesting things for sale.3) /Faith does not feed on (由…滋润) then air but on facts.4) The teacher told the girl to reduce an equation to (简化) its simplest form.5) Keep on doing that and you’ll end up (最后以…为结局) in serious trouble6) The environmental problems are often associated with (和…有关系) nuclear waste.7) Today we are doing to focus on (把重点放…) the question of homeless people8) For assistance, they turned to (向…求助) one of the city’s most innovative museums.9) Everyone is the class is expected to participate actively in (参加) these discussions.10) The Southern Weekend identified at least two village officials said to be involved in(卷入).Unit 7 College Life1. opposite meanings (p 266)belief – doubt dependent – independentdeep – shallow mediocre – excellentlearn – unlearn useless – usefulshame – pride well-informed -- ill-informedpolite – impolite smart – dullinadequate – adequate painful – painlesssuccess – failure imaginative – unimaginativeboring – interesting2/ Filling the blanks:1) ……if she is deprived of adequate sleep2) John and Mary stayed together only for the sake of the children3) ……get away from the taxes4) He dropped out high school5) This is by no means the first time you have been late.6) ……It is time we got down to business.7) ……I cannot distinguish one speaker from another.8) I like to look back on my high school days…9) We could tell that Robert had gone through a very difficult time.10) She shouldn’t be working so hard. She is 70, after all.11) I didn’t enjoy marking those papers and I was glad to be rid of them.12) I’d rather not go to the dance on my own. I do wish you’d come with me.3.1）choice 2）secure 3） hear 4） who 5）keep6）while 7）now 8）This 9）pressure 10）expecting11）tests 12）within 13）had 14）catch 15）marks16）patents 17） obtain/get 18）teachers 19） relax 20） shapeUnit 8 TimeWord combination p 3091. Spend time doing sth.2. Waste time =lose time3. Take one’s time = do sth. at a moderate pace4. kill time5. save time6. pass the time即：C E B D A FWord building P 3092. relearn再学习regain收回，重新获得redo 重做，再做rewrite重写，改写rearrange重新整理reclaim要求归还，收回remodel重新塑造，改变replace取代rephrase重新措辞rejoin 再结合，在加入reform 改革readjust 重新调整reunited（使）再结合rebroadcast 转播，重播reread 再读review 复习3.words with similar meaning：1） sense his guest were bored = felt2) dismiss the idea \= ignore, disregard3） emerge from = appear4） perceive a change = notice5） recall ever meeting her = remember ever meeting her6） accelerate the growth of crops = speed up7） have the dress altered = have the dress changed8） external pressures = outside pressures9） recognized = realize10） the usual symptoms of flu = sign即： B A D A D C A A A BUNIT 91.COLUMN A COLUMN Binvention inventavailable AvailInnovation InnovateAdaptable AdaptDiscovery DiscoverAcceptance AcceptEvolution EvolveObjectivity ObjectiveObservation ObserveExperimentation ExperimentProsperity Prosperdisastrous disaster1) observation 2) available3) discoveries 4) acceptance 5) experimentation6) inventions 7) evolution 8) adaptable 9) innovative 10) objectivity 2.1) out of the ordinary2) preceded解释：precede sb. as…在某人之前任职succeed sb. as…继某人之后任职3) To be exact4) Contradict(ed) (与…矛盾)5) Prosperity (繁荣)6) Gave birth to(产生= result in; give rise to…)7) Catch our breath8) had in mind(what is desirable理想中的)9) proposed10) converted (= change)11) disastrous(a.灾害性的)12) negative解释： 1) the fact 后接that构成同位语从句，类似名词从句，通常做主语、宾语、表语等，在此翻译为：他呼吸困难这种状况不是好征兆。
Unit 6 RisksRisks and YouAt some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have some terrible disease on the strength of very minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run. Modern life is full of all manner of threats-to our lives, our peace of mind, our families, and our future. And from these threats come questions that we must pose to ourselves: Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on vacations? Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely.Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like hypochondria; in both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. But one sharp difference exists between the two. The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation-either you have the suspected disease or you don't. It is much more difficult when anxiety about other forms of risk is concerned, because with many risks, the situation is not as simple.Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty. You may ask, "Should I wear a seat belt?" If you' re going to have a head-on collision, of course. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that you should spend the extra money for an air bag? Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. But what if the bag accidentally inflates while you are driving down the highway, thus causing an accident that would never have occurred otherwise?All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe. There are risks, often potentially serious ones, associated with every hobby we have, every job we take, every food we eat-in other words, with every action. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some actions are riskier than others. The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly.For example, larger cars are generally safer than small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in asmall car than in a large one. Yet larger cars generally cost more than small ones (and also use more gas, thus increasing the environmental risks!), so how do we decide when the reduced risks are worth the added costs? The ultimate risk avoider might, for instance, buy a tank or an armored car, thus minimizing the risk of death or injury in a collision. But is the added cost and inconvenience worth the difference in price, even supposing you could afford it?We cannot begin to answer such questions until we have a feel for the level of risks in question. So how do we measure the level of a risk? Some people seem to think that the answer is a simple number. We know, for instance, that about 25,000 people per year die in automobile accidents. By contrast, only about 300 die per year in mine accidents and disasters. Does that mean that riding in a car is much riskier than mining? Not necessarily. The fact is that some 200 million Americans regularly ride in automobiles in the United States every year; perhaps 700,000 are involved in mining. The relevant figure that we need to assess a risk is a ratio or fraction. The numerator of the fraction tells us how many people were killed or harmed as the result of a particular activity over a certain period of time; the denominator tells us how many people were involved in that activity during that time. All risk levels are thus ratios or fractions, with values between 0 (no risk) and 1 (totally risky).By reducing all risks to ratios or fractions of this sort, we can begin to compare different sorts of risks-like mining versus riding in a car. The larger this ratio, that is, the closer it is to 1, the riskier the activity in question. In the case just discussed, we would find the relative safety of car travel and coal mining by dividing the numbers of lives lost in each by the number of people participating in each. Here, it is clear that the riskiness of traveling by car is about 1 death per 10,000 passengers; with mining, the risk level is about 4 deaths per 10,000 miners. So although far more people are killed in car accidents than in mining, the latter turns out to be four times riskier than the former. Those ratios enable us to compare the risks of activities or situations as different as apples and oranges. If you are opposed to risks, you will want to choose your activities by focusing on the small-ratio exposures. If you are reckless, then you are not likely to be afraid of higher ratios unless they get uncomfortably large.Once we understand that risk can never be totally eliminated from any situation and that, therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will then see that the issue is not one of avoiding risks altogether but rather one of managing risks in a sensible way. Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the character and degree of the risks we may be running.风险与你1 在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。
