大学英语翻译概论

翻译概论期末总结一、引言翻译作为一种语言交际活动，随着社会、经济、文化的全球化进程，发挥着越来越重要的作用。

翻译概论是学习翻译专业的基础课程之一，在这门课程中，我们学习了翻译的概念、历史、理论和技巧等内容。

经过一学期的学习，我对翻译有了更深入的了解，并获得了一定的翻译技能。

在此总结中，我将回顾我在这门课上所学到的知识和技能，并对自己的学习情况进行评价和反思。

二、知识回顾1.翻译的概念和分类：翻译是将一种语言的文字、口语或手语转化为另一种语言的过程。

根据翻译的形式和途径，可以将其分为口译和笔译。

口译是指即时翻译，而笔译是指将文字材料翻译成另一种语言。

根据翻译的用途和领域，还可以将其分为文学翻译、科技翻译、商务翻译等。

2.翻译的历史：翻译在人类发展进程中有着悠久的历史。

从古代的经典翻译到现代的科技翻译，翻译一直在桥梁不同文化之间的交流。

3.翻译的理论：翻译理论是对翻译现象进行系统研究的学科。

常见的翻译理论包括等效理论、功能对等理论、文化转码理论等。

4.翻译的技巧：翻译技巧是为了提高翻译质量和效率而采用的方法。

常见的翻译技巧有逐字翻译、意译、增译和删译等。

三、技能拓展在翻译概论课程中，我不仅学习了翻译的理论知识，还进行了相关的实践训练，提高了我在翻译方面的技能。

1.翻译实践：通过课堂上的案例分析和小组讨论，我学会了如何进行翻译实践。

实践中，我积累了一定的翻译经验，并提高了自己的翻译质量。

2.语言能力：翻译需要具备较高的语言能力，包括对原文和目标文的准确理解和运用。

在这门课程中，我通过不断的语言训练，提高了自己的语言表达和理解能力。

3.文化素养：翻译涉及到两种不同的文化背景，要准确理解原文中的文化内涵，并在目标文中恰当地表达出来。

通过学习翻译概论，我对不同文化之间的差异有了更深刻的认识，并学会了如何在翻译中处理这些差异。

四、评价和反思在这门课程中，我对翻译有了更全面的认识，并提高了自己的翻译技能。

但同时，也存在一些不足之处。

翻译概论Warming-up exercises: Translate the followings1 You are what you think2 Your abilities count, but the belief that yo u can succeed affects whether or not you will.3 It’s a pattern of thinking learned at your mother’s knee.I翻译的定义1.Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 即“将一种语言的篇章材料替换为与之对等的另一种语言的篇章材料”。

翻译是运用一种语言把用另一种语言文字所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。

它是一门科学，具有描述性；同时它也是一门艺术，因为它具有创造性。

II翻译原则或标准：严复理论1 信(truthfulness/faithfulness)：忠实原文（对原文的思想不歪曲也不要任意增减；对原文的风格不随意改动，即粗糙的不译成高雅，口语体不译成书面体）2 达(expressiveness)：语言通顺畅达（译文应该按照译语的语法和习惯来遣词造句；译文避免生搬硬套，应该通顺流畅）Eg . John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.约翰值得信赖。

他忠诚而正直(守规矩)。

3 雅(elegance)：文字古雅/ 切（closeness）总之，做英译汉时，按中国人的说话思维方式，把内容用通俗的汉语顺畅地表达出来；反之亦然。

1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to have much more detailed information about courses and more advice.2. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were justas confused and helpless as everybody else. 1. 因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详细的信息，作更多的指导。

基础英语Basic English英语口语Spoken English英语写作English Writing英汉翻译Translation between English and Chinese现代汉语Modern Chinese古代汉语Ancient Chinese语言学概论An Introduction to Linguistics中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Literature of China外国文学Foreign Literature中国文化概论Introduction to Chinese Culture西方文化与礼仪Western Culture and Etiquette汉语写作Chinese Writing对外汉语教学概论Introduction to Foreign-Related Chinese Education中外文化通论Introduction to Chinese and Foreign Culture国外汉学研究Chinese Research Abroad主题：大学课程名称英文翻译 1 2 生物物理学Biophysics真空冷冻干燥技术Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology16位微机16 Digit MicrocomputerALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCOBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计C ourse Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages板壳理论Plate Theory板壳力学Plate Mechanics半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semiconductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semiconduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor薄膜光学Film Optics报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Thesis编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substation变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & Neo-Ro 表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料力学Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织学Industrial Organization Technoooligy场论Field Theory常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness 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Experiment分析力学Analytical Mechanics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation,Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation 复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等数学Advanced Mathematics高电压技术High-V oltage Technology高电压测试技术High-V oltage Test 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Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation公差Common Difference公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学Public Relations公文写作Document Writing古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体物理Solid State Physics管理概论Introduction to Management管理经济学Management Economics管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Communication光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Infomation光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing 光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment广播编辑学Broadcast Editing广播新闻Broadcast Journalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition广告学Advertisement锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际金融International Finance国际经济法International Economic Law国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际市场学International Marketing国际市场营销International Marketing国民经济计划National Economical Planning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统Process Adjustment System过程控制Process Control过程控制系统Process Control System海洋测量Ocean Surveying海洋工程概论Introduction to Ocean Engineering函数分析Functional Analysis焊接方法Welding Method焊接方法及设备Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验Welding Testing焊接结构Welding Structure焊接金相Welding Fractography焊接金相分析Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金Welding Metallurgy焊接原理Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chinese & Composition汉语语法研究Research on Chinese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Technology of Chinese Information Processing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicrosecond Pusle Technique核动力技术Nuclear Power Technology合唱与指挥Chorus & Conduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Economics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Economics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器Infrared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器Infrared Detectors红外物理Infrared Physics红外物理与技术Infrared Physics & Technology红外系统Infrared System红外系统电信号处理Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems 厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Welding Power弧焊原理Arc Welding Principles互换性技术测量基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement 互换性技术测量Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology 画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学Chemical Measurement化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior换热器Thermal Transducer回旧分析与试验设计Tempering Analysis and Experiment Design回转式压缩机Rotary Compressor回转压缩机数学模型Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Compressors会计学Accountancy会计与财务分析Accountancy & Financial Analysis会计与设备分析Accountancy & Equipment Analysis会计原理及外贸会计Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy会计原理与工业会计Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy活力学Energy Theory活塞膨胀机Piston Expander活塞式制冷压缩机Piston Refrigerant Compreessor活塞式压缩机Piston Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计Basic Design of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor活赛压机气流脉动Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor货币银行学Currency Banking基本电路理论Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作Fundamental Course of Composition机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta 机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps积分变换Integral Transformation积分变换及数理方程Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations积分变换控制工程Integral Transformation Control Engineering积分变换与动力工程Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering激光电源Laser Power Devices激光焊Laser Welding激光基础Basis of Laser激光技术Laser Technology激光加工Laser Processing激光器件Laser Devices激光器件与电源Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理Principles of Laser激光原理与技术Laser Principles & Technology极限分析Limit Analysis集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Technological Management技术经济Technological Economy技术经济学Technological Economics技术市场学Technological Marketing计量经济学Measure Economics计算方法Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机导论与实践Introduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitation 计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Language Teaching计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engineering计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technology计算机接口与通讯Computer Interface & Communication计算机局域网Regional Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Controling计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Design计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demonstration计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机网络Computer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management 建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure Designing解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal Forming金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design。

英语翻译 1Eating Food That’s Better for You, Organic or Not吃对你有利的食品，不论能否有机In the six-and-one-half years since the federal government began certifying food as “organic, ” Americans have taken to the idea with considerable enthusiasm.自从联邦政府六年半前开始对食品“有机” 认证以来，美国人以相当大的激情接受了这个观点。

Sales have at least doubled, and three- quarters of the nation ’s grocery stores now carry at least some organic food.销售额起码翻倍，国内3/ 4的食品杂货此刻都在销售有机食品。

A Harris Poll in October 2007 found that about 30 percent of Americans buy organic food at least on occasion, and most think it is safer, better for the environmentand healthier.2007 年10 月的一份哈里斯民心检查发现大概30%的美国人起码会有时买有机食品，大部分人以为它更加安全，更有利于环境和更健康。

says Phil Howard, People believe it must be better for you if it ’s organic, ” an assistantprofessor of community, food and agriculture at Michigan State University.密歇根州立大学的社区、食品和农业助理教授Phil Howard 说，“人们以为假如它是有机的话必定会对你更好。

L1 中国翻译发展：1.The earliest historical documents 周朝《周礼》and 《礼记》2.汉代传译的《四十二章经》是佛经最早的中译本3.东汉桓帝时，安世高——《明度五十校计经》是正式见于史籍记载的翻译佛经4.ZhiQian(支谦) extremely literal translation. follow the original intention of the authorwithout any embroidery" (因循本旨，不加文饰)5.Dao An (道安) literal translation translate according to the originalwithout any additioin and deduction" ( 案本而传，不令有损言游字 ) Personal activity---official organization ( fifth century )6.Kumarajiva ( 鸠摩罗什) He emphasizedthe accuracy of translation. freetranslation the first to suggest translators sign their names totranslated works.7.The First Peak of Translation in China ：from the Sui dynasty (581-618)to the Tang dynasty (618-907) thoroughly studied translation theory.translators should: " (1) be faithful to the Buddhist doctrine, (2) be ready to benefit the readers (Buddhist believers), (3) concentrate on the translation of the Buddhist doctrine rather than translating for fame."8.玄奘：将佛经由梵文译成汉文，而且把老子著作的一部份译成梵文，成为第一个把汉文著作向国外介紹的中国人Contribution to theory: set down the famous translation criteria that translation "must be both truthful and intelligible to the populace."( 既須求真,又須喻俗，意即忠实、通順)Aiming to achieve an intelligibility of the translation for the target language readers9.P3. 明清之际的科技翻译Western Christian missionaries (利玛窦...) Assisted by Chinesecollaborators ( 徐光启、李之藻) 利玛窦、徐光启：《几何原本》、《测量法义》，利玛窦、李之藻《同文算指》，利玛窦：论语、孟子、大学、中庸——拉丁文第二次翻译高潮(1)T he subject of translation shifted from Buddhist scriptures toscientific and technological knowledge;(2)t ranslators in this period of time were mainly scientists andgovernment officials who were erudite scholars, and the westernmissionaries who brought western knowledge to China.10.the 3rd peak ：from the mid 19th century to May 4th Movementemphasis on Western works of social soiences, military sciences and literature11.林则徐( 1785-1850)：Geography ( Gazette of the Four Continents 《四洲志》)；李善兰( 1811-1882)：Geometry 《几何原本》；严复：《天演论》、《原富》；林纾：《茶花女》，《块肉余生述》，《黑奴吁天录》《鲁滨逊漂流记》12.Translation in Modern period ( 1919-1949 )：focus on the translation ofKarl Marx's (1818-1883) and Lenin's (1870-19224) works on socialist and communist theories (社会主义和共产主义) , and the translation and re-translation of western literature. 朱生豪：莎士比亚戏剧全集张谷若：德伯家的苔丝》和《还乡》，哈代的《无名的裘德》、狄更斯的《大卫· 考坡菲》P7，鲁迅，矛盾，郭沫若，付东华，傅雷，林语堂13.杨必：玛丽亚?埃杰窝斯的《剥削世家》，翻译萨克雷( W. M. Thackeray)的VanityFair (《名利场》杨宪益和戴乃迭：《红楼梦》《老残游记》《离骚》《儒林外史》《鲁迅选集》《奥德修纪》《卖花女》许渊冲：翻译了《诗经》、《楚辞》、《李白诗选》、《西厢记》、《红与黑》、《包法利夫人》、《追忆似水年华》等众多名著。