目 录2003年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2004年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2005年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2006年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2007年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2008年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2009年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2010年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2011年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2012年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解2003年华东师范大学244二外英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary (10%)Directions: Choose the best ONE answer to fill in the blank with or replace the underlined part in each of the sentences.1. Much to our delight, fruits are so abundant that the prices of them no longer _____ greatly.A. modifyB. fluctuateC. convertD. flourish【答案】B句意：令我们高兴的是，水果是如此的丰富，其价格不会【解析】再大幅度地波动。
fluctuate波动。
modify修改。
convert改变。
flourish繁荣。
2. Our company _____ after long negotiations to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.A. contactedB. consultedC. contractedD. constructed【答案】C【解析】句意：经过漫长的谈判，我们公司承包建一座双用桥。
Section I Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.1. Conscience __ him day and night after he saw the miseries oft.he child which was caused by hismisdoings with his own eyes.A. racksB. persecutesC. maltreatsD. abuses2. Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often __ her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.A. disfiguresB. deformsC. misshapesD. distorts3. The developed countries are urging the developing countries to adopt a strategy that can __ the twin needs of development and preservation of nature.A. assimilateB. correspondC. coincideD. reconcile4. "venice __ as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, which wase~ren mentioned by some writers, such as Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc..A. prevailedB. reignedC. presidedD. restrained5. Terrorists __ to bombing city centers as a means of achieving their political aims.A. resortedB. tookC. sawD. looked6. The dilemma I was caught in several years ago bears a close ~ to the one you are involved intoday, so perhaps I can give you some advice.A. likenessB. resemblanceC. analogyD. familiarity7. A.s civilization ~ in the direction of technology, it passes the point of supplying all the basic e::sentials of life- food, shelter and clothes.A. processesB. precedesC. proceedsD. exceeds8. In most cases politicians are __ as they seldom tell the truth.A. skepticalB. pessimistic -C. incredulousD. incredible9. He __ his children nothing and gave them whatever they wantedA. rejectedB. deniedC. deprivedD. restrictedl 0. He __ of having missed a good opportunity to study abroad but he "knew it was no use cryingover spilt milk.A. weptB. mournedC. grievedD. repented11．The work is not very profitable____cash,but I am getting valuable experience fiom itA. in accordance withB. on the basis ofC. in terms ofD. in the light of12. When the hostess received my compliment on her new car, she responded with great pleasureabout how the car is a ~ buy.A. modestB. choice Ci superior D. eloquent13. After having been dismissed from the factory, John had to earn a meager living by thetelevision sets.A. overh~{ulingB. patchingC. servicingD. remedying14. In fact, the U.S Congress ~ to the British Parliament as they both have the right to make laws.A. agreesB. correspondsC. matchesD. coincides15. The speaker announced that the President.would convene his top aides for the regular meetingbut he didn't the time and place ..A. designateB. denote "C. manifestD. specify16. The amount of heat produced by this electrical apparatus is ..: :--at will by turning a small. handle.A. variableB. variousC. differentD. diverse17. All visitors are requested to with the regulations.A. abideB. complyC. consentD. conform18. I him at Once as an American when he stepped onto the stage with three other actors.A. regardedB. deemedC. spottedD. discerned19. By adapting to your mental condition, you can more in less time.A. complementB. implementC. complimentD. accomplish20. He had ~ to be here at ten o'clock, but because of a traffic accident, he didn't show up until midnight.A. overtakenB. undertakenC. guaranteedD. warranted21. When the jury brought in a. of guilt, the defendant who was overwhelmingly arrogantseveral minntes ago drooped his head.A. judgmentB. appraisalC. verdictD. conviction22. He Was. from the competition because he had not complied with the rules.A. forbidden.B. barred ~C. disqualifiedD. excused23. He my authori~, by allowing the children to do things that I have ~'--' ~~,~y forbidden.A. impairedB.. disabledC. underminedD. undid24. After completing the big dictionary which was popularly received by readers, this famous scholar set out to compile a. to it.A. complementB. supplementC. accessory 'D. helper25. According to the geological theory put forward by a famous geologist at an academic conference newly held in England, the south of Iceland is to earthquakesA. disposedB. likely:C. liableD. inclined26. At the news, the demonstrators who~had put the foreign goods under a boycott for several months protested butA. to naughtB. to nothingC. to no availD. to void27. This country's development of science was greatly undermined for large numbers of scientificwere ejected from their motherland since the dictator came into power.A. galaxyB. eliteC. personnelD. swarm28. The university an honorary doctor's degree on the distinguished scholar who was generallyregarded as a credit to his own country.A. donatedB. conferredC. subscribedD. granted29. The people of this country have entrenched themselves to any invaders who refuse to giveup their evil intention.A. ward offB. cut off CI work off D. lay off30. The mob was ~ by the fiery speech and then they marched down the main street, and setmany Chinese stores on fire.A. wakenedB. aroused ,31. The politician is shrewd and deep; he washim.C. inspiredseldomD. agitatedon what he expected others to do forA. transparentB. explicitC. prominentD. conspicuous32. In the eyes of the linguists, there exists no among the languages in the world.A. status 'B. scaleC. hierarchyD. gauge33. The radio program was presented a joint venture which was registered several months ago.A. by courtesy ofB. on account ofC. by virtue ofD. in terms of34. Some historians are convinced that Rome was a corrupt kingdom that deserved toA~ die B. expire C. perish D. cease35. In!~e end they came to the conclusion that the evidence produced by the piaintiff wasA. scarceB. rareC. scantyD. deficient36. The conductor of the orchestra was not satisfied with the ballet for the steps of the dancer was not with the rhythm of the music.A. coordinatedB. correspondedC. synchronizedD. reconciled37. It is natural for me to ~ on his motives for the visits for we have not been on speaking termsfor many years.A. reflectB. supposeC. speculateD. meditate38. The president placed a wreath on the monument to the heroes and then made a speech to payto the great achievements of the martyrs.A. complimentB. gratitudeC. tribute.D. commendation39. Bribery ~ the confidence that must exist between buyer and seller.A. aggravatesB. deterioratesC. corrodesD. degenerates40. By evacuating the inhabitants in the densely populated areas of the city and establishingtemporary shelters, the city. itself for a possible new quake.A. boltedB. bracedC. reinforcedD. strappedSection ]I Use of English (20points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for" each numbered bIank and markedA, B, C or D on the answer sheet.The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport , and profit. Ever5, ),ear commercial fishing 41 a harvest of over a bitlion pounds of salmon from the sea. Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager 42 fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come 43 with salmon. Thesalmon have left the ocean and are '44 their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there arefar fewer salmon than 45 because the salmon 46 has suffered from many perils of themodem age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by 4"7 them of oxygen. Over - fishing has further decreased their numbers. Dams are another 48 because they lock migration paths. Fishladders, 49 of stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim 50 over the dams.But young salmon swimming to the ocean have "trouble 51 the ladders. Often they 52their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric t.urbines.53 America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several.i~,ays to 54 the salmon population. Conservation officials have ~had some success 55salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being 56 into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to migrate to the lake and 57 an undesirable fish. Thecohos 58 so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan 59 cohos are being planted inother Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and 60 of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers, and lakes for a long time to come41. A. results in B. results from C. results at D. resulted in42. A. commerce B. sports C. salmon D. kindness43. A. alive B. active C. live D. about-44. A. at B. in C. on D. by45. A. ever so B. ever since C. ever after D. ever before46. A. production B. population C. family D. growing47. A. forbidding B. exploiting C. robbing D. endangering48. A. danger B. obstacle C. problem D. element49. A. made up for B. made Up to C. made up D. made up of50. A. properly B. safely C. quickiy D. frequently51. A. discover B. to climb C. finding D. measuring52. A. fall to B. fall back C. fall across D. fall away53. A. So that B. So far as C. So much as D. So long as54. A. explode B. develop C. increase D. catch55. A. supporting B. raising C. keeping D. resulting56. A. invaded B. introduced C. found D. given57. A. live on B. feed in C. feed upon D. feed back58. A. activate B. grow "C. thrived D. developed59. A. in which B. that C. where D. which60. A. objectives B. planning C. invention D. arrangementSection ]I[ Reading Comprehension (30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.tTEXT AIt is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into' which the machines hax~e been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took themout of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however,predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sexinto public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization 's effects, but they agfeed that it would transform women's lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations asthe spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women's economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women's work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolutionwas largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880%created a new class of "deadend" jobs, thenceforth considered "women' s work." The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do withthe-mechaniZafi6n of housework and an increaee in leisure time for these w0men-than it did withtheir own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household tothe office or the factory, and later 5ecoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-coUar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since beforethe Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as agroup, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women's household labor ~emains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.61. Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. The effects of the mechanization of women's work have not borne out the frequently heldassumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.B. Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values andthe customary roles of its members~C. Mechanization has caused the nature of women's work change since the Industrial Revolution.D. The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.62. The author, mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technologicalinnovations EXCEPT the "A. sewing machineB. vacuum cleanerC. typewriterD. telephone63. It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority ofwomen's work was done in which of the following settings..'?A. Textile mills.B. Privat~e households. C: Offices. D. Factories.64. It can be inferred, from the passage. that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of women's work?A. Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions.B. Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.C. Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs inelectronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.D. Census results showing that working women's wages and salaries are, on the average, as highas those of working men.65. Tl~e passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true o:f many employers?A. They did not employ women in factories.B. They tended to employ single rather than married women. "C. They employed women in only those jobs that were related to women's traditional householdwork.D. They resisted technological innovations that would radically change women's roles in thefamily. ' ~. :_ ~TEXT BPhilosophy in the second half of the 19tb century was based more on biology and history thanon mathematics and physics. Revolutionary thought drifted away from metaphysics andepistemology and shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics, and sociology. Pragmatism became the most vigorous school of thought in American philosophy during this time, and itcontinued the empiricist tradition of grounding knowledge on experience and stressing the inductive procedures of experimental science. The three most important pragmatists of thisperiod were the American philosophers Charles Peirce (1839-1914), considered to be the first of the American pragmatists, William James (1842-1910), the first great American psychologist, and John Dewey(1859 ~ 1952), who further developed the pragmatic principles of Peirce and James into a comprehensive system of thought that he called "'experimental naturalism", or "instrumentalism".Pragmatism was generally critical of~traditional western philosophy, especially the notion that there are absolute truths and absolute values. In contrast, Josiah Royce (1855 - 1916), was a leading American exponent of idealism at this time, who beli~.,ved in an absolute truth and held that human thought, and the external world were unified. Pragmatism called for ideas and theories to be tested inpractice, assessing whether the), produced desirable or undesirable results. Although pragmatism was popular for a time in Europe, most agree that it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicality, and the equally American distrust of abstract theories and ideologies. Pragmatism is best understood in its historical and cultural context. It arose during a period of rapid scientific advancement, industrialization, and material progress; a time when the theory of evolution suggested to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a perpetual state of progress. This period also saw a decline in traditional religious beliefs and values. As a result, it became necessary t6 rethink fundamental ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality. Pragmatistsregarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutions. According to their critics, the pragmatist's refusal to affirm any absolutes carried negative implications for societ?; challenging the foundations of society's institutions.66. What is this passage primarily about?A. The:evolution of philosophy in the second half of the 19tu century.,B. The three most important American pragmatists of the late 19a century.C. The differences between pragmatism and traditional western philosophy.D. American pragmatism.67. Which of the following is true?A. Idealism was an important part of the pragmatic approach.B. "Pragmatism" was also known as "traditional western philosophy".C. Pragmatism continued the empiricist tradition.D. Pragmatism is best understood independently o~ its historical and cultural context.68. According to the passage, pragmatism was more popular in America than EuropebecauseA. Americans had ~eater acceptance of the theory of evolution,. B. it epitomized the American faith in know-how and practicalityC. Europe had a more traditional society based on a much longer historyD. industrialization and material progress was occurring at a faster pace in America at that time69. All of the following are true EXCEPT ..A. revolutionary thought shifted more towards ideologies in science, politics and sociologyB. pragmatists regarded all theories and institutions as tentative hypotheses and solutionsC. Josiah Royce was not a pragmatistD. pragmatism was based on the theory of evolution70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Josiah Royce considered Charles Peirce to be challenging the foundations of society'sinstitutions.,B. Charles Peirce considered Josiah Royce to be too influenced by the theory of evolution.C. John Dewey would not have developed his system of thought called "experimental naturalism"or "instrumentalism" without the pioneering work of Charles Peirce and William James.~ D. Josiah Royce was a revolutionary thinker.TEXT CMass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who would afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now "know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area, Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years--lots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or tofuture land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city, borders where transit lines and middle-cl'ass inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.71. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?A. Types of mass transportation.B. Instability of urban life. :C. How supply and demand determine land use.D. The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.72. The author mentions all of the following as effects, of mass transportation on citiesEXCEPTA. growth in city areaB. separation of commercial and residential districtsC. changes in life in the inner cityD. increasing standards of living73. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?A. To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.B. To show that mass transit changed many cities.C. To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.D. To contrast their rates of growth.74. According to the passage, what was one disadyantage of residential expansion?A. It was expensive.B. It happened too slowlyC. It was unplanned.D. It created a demand for public transportation.75. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a cityA. that is largeB. that is used as a model for land developmeniC. where land development exceeded population growthD. with an excellent mass transportation systemTEXT DA classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was reported in February of 1962 in an article in Scieritific American. The experiments wereconducted by a psychologist, John B. Calhoun. and his associates. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequatesupply of food, water, and other necessities. The rat populations were allowed to increase. Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures withoutexperiencing .stress due to overcrowdirig. He allowed the population to increase to approximatelytwice this number. Then he stabilized the population by removing offspring that were not dependent on their too:hers. He and his associates then carefully observed and recorded behavior in theseoverpopulated communities. At the end of their experiments, Calhoun and his associates were able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats, akind of. social disease. The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding. .The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high populationdensity: They showed deviant maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. Infact, many of the pups, as rat babies are called, died as a result of poor maternal care. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pups, and, without their motherS' care, the pups died. Undernormal conditiens, a mother rat would not leave her pups alone to die. However, the experimentsverified that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behave normally. Their behavior may be considered pathologically diseased.The dominant males in the rat population" were the least affected by overpopulation. Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. The fact that the dominant males had adequate space in which to live may explain why they were not as seriously affected byoverpopulation as the other rats. However, dominant males did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. This deviantbehavior showed that even though the dominant males had enough living space, they too wereaffected by the general overcrowding in the enclosure.Non-dominant males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited deviant socialbehavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when theother rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other non-dominant males werehyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasin~ other rats and fighting each other.This segment of the rat population, tike all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.The behavior of the non-dominant males and of the other components of the rat population has parallelsin human behavior. People in densely populated areas exhibit deviant behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhour,)s experiments. In large urban areas such as New York CiV, London, Mexican City,and Cairo, there are abandoned children. There are cruel, powerful individuals, both men and women. There are also people who withdraw and people who become hyperactive. The quantity ofother forms of social pathology such as murder, rape, and robbery also frequently occur in densely populated human communities. Is the principal cause of these disorders overpopulation? Calhoun's experiments suggest that it might be. In any case, social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments.76. Paragraph 1 is organized according toA. reasons B examples C. examples D. definition77. Calhoun stabilized the rat population'A. when it was double the number that could live in the enclosure without stressB. by removing young ratsC. at a constant number of adult rats in the enclosureD. all of the above are correct78. Which of the following inferences CANNOT be made from the information in Para. 17A. Calhoun's experiment is still considered important today.B. Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations.C. Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowdingD. Calhoun had experimented with rats before.79. Which of the following behavior d!dn't happen in this experiment?A. All the male rats exhibited pathological behavior.B. Mother rats abandoned their pups.。
2007年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解Paper OnePartⅠVocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.We hadn’t enough money to pay our bus fare,and in______we had to walk.A.particularB.consequenceC.possessionD.succession【答案】B【解析】句意：我们没有足够的钱付车费，结果我们就不得不走路。
in particular特别。
in possession(法)占有，持有。
in succession接连着。
2.Wealthy people sometimes feel a______to steal things they can easily afford to buy.A.prioritypulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】句意：富人有时会一时冲动，偷窃他们明明能买得起的东西。
compulsion（心理）难以抗拒的冲动。
priority优先。
privilege特权。
repulsion（医）排斥，斥力。
3.This young man,______with a craving for materialistic gratification,cares about nothing but money.A.obsessedB.negotiatedpromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】句意：这个年轻人，太痴迷于物质上的满足，除了金钱，他什么都不在乎。
2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。
