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超级写实主义超级写实主义（Hyperrealism，又称高度写实主义），是绘画和雕塑的一个流派，其风格类似高分辨率的照片。
超级写实主义可以看作是照相写实主义（Photorealism）的发展。
自2000年代早期以来，该术语在美国和欧洲作为一个独立的艺术运动和艺术风格发展起来。
[1]历史莫罗·大卫（Mauro David）创作的一幅超级写实主义作品《水晶盘上的甜瓜》法语术语“Hyperréalisme”由Isy Brachot创建于1973年。
它是当年在他位于比利时布鲁塞尔的画廊的一个主要的展览的标题。
该展览主要是由美国照相写实主义画家组成，包括拉尔夫·戈因斯（Ralph Goings）、查克·克洛斯（Chuck些细节。
[7][8]他们经常省略人物的表情、政治价值和叙述元素。
照相写实主义风格演变自波普艺术，作品通常紧凑精致，线条分明，突出重点。
[9]超级写实主义则与之相反，虽然本质上参考照片，常常对描绘的主题处理得更柔软更复杂，使之表现成一个生动的对象。
超级写实主义作品中的对象和场景描绘得非常精致，创造出原始照片中没有的一个新的现实的幻想。
这并不是说他们是超现实主义，因为这种幻想是一个令人信服的描写现实。
纹理、表面、灯光效果和阴影画表现得清晰，比参考照片甚至实物还要鲜明。
[10]超级写实主义的哲学根源自让·鲍德里亚的理论，“模拟的东西永远不在现实中存在”。
（ the simulation of something which never really existed.）[11]因此，超级写实主义创建了一个虚假的现实，是一个令人信服的幻想，是基于现实的一个模拟。
超级写实主义绘画和雕塑作品是数码相机拍出并在计算机上显示的超级高分辨率的照片的副产品。
就如照相写实主义效仿模拟摄影，超级写实主义利用数码照片并扩展之来创造一个新的现实的感觉。
[12][2]超级写实主义绘画和雕塑使观众得到高清晰度图像的幻觉，但是比图像更细致。
摄影的艺术流派摄影史上曾经出现过各种各样的艺术流派，随着时间的推移，一些流派逐渐消亡了，而另一些流派影响至今。
纵观摄影发展史，曾经经历了多个发展阶段，形成了多种艺术流派，比较有代表性的有：一、绘画主义摄影绘画主义摄影是盛行于二十世纪初摄影领域的一种艺术流派，它产生于十九世纪中叶的英国。
该派摄影家在创作上追求绘画的效果，或“诗情画意”的境界。
绘画主义摄影大致经历了三个阶段：仿画阶段、崇尚曲雅阶段、画意阶段。
绘画主义摄影家提出，“应该产生摄影的拉斐尔和摄影的提茨安。
”绘画主义摄影经历了较长的发展时期，第一个绘画主义摄影家是英国画家希路（1802-1870），他擅长人像摄影，作品结构严谨、造型优雅。
1851年至1853年，是绘画主义摄影的成长时期。
1869年，英国摄影家HP罗宾森（1830-1901）出版了《摄影的画意效果》一书，他提出：“摄影家一定要有丰富的情感和深入的艺术认识，方足以成为优秀的摄影家。
无疑，摄影术的继续改良和不断发明启示出更高的目标，足以令摄影家更能自由发挥。
但技术上的改良并非就等于艺术上的前进。
因为摄影本身无论如何精巧完备，还只是一种带引到更高的目标而已。
”为该派奠定了理论基础。
1857年，O.G.雷兰德（1813-1875）创作了一幅由30余张底片拼放而成的、具有文艺复兴风格的作品：《两种生活方式》，标志着绘画主义摄影艺术上的成熟。
这一时期的作品，其题材大都富有宗教色彩，含有一定的规喻性。
拍摄时，预先打好草图，然后利用模特儿、道具，组织和安排场面，并通过暗房加工而成。
追求照片画面的绘画效果。
随后，绘画主义摄影的内容有所扩大，但风格仍崇尚古典主义，造型和构图仍具学院派的法则，因而显得含蓄、沉着、典雅。
当该流派发展到画意阶段时，追求作品的情感、意境和形式的美，依旧是它的特点。
由于绘画主义摄影家强调艺术修养：“如果想要使摄影在艺术上有地位，摄影家就必须首先培养起审美的能力和艺术的修养。
抽象主义和写实主义英语作文Abstract Expressionism and RealismThe history of art has been marked by a constant evolution of styles and movements, each reflecting the zeitgeist of its era. Two such distinct approaches to artistic expression are Abstract Expressionism and Realism. While these two schools of thought may seem diametrically opposed, they share a common goal of capturing the essence of the human experience through the medium of visual art.Abstract Expressionism, which emerged in the mid-20th century, is characterized by its emphasis on spontaneous and emotional expression. Artists working within this movement often eschewed traditional representational techniques in favor of bold, gestural brushstrokes and the exploration of the inherent properties of the materials they used. The focus was not on depicting the physical world, but rather on conveying the artist's inner turmoil, psychological state, and subjective interpretation of reality.One of the most prominent figures associated with Abstract Expressionism is Jackson Pollock, whose iconic "drip paintings" revolutionized the way we think about the creative process. Pollock'swork was a radical departure from the traditional easel painting, as he would pour, drip, and fling paint onto the canvas, often working on a large scale. The resulting compositions were a dynamic interplay of color, texture, and movement, reflecting the artist's own visceral and instinctive approach to the act of painting.Another key figure in the Abstract Expressionist movement was Willem de Kooning, whose paintings were characterized by their fragmented, disjointed forms and vibrant, expressive brushwork. De Kooning's work often explored the tension between figuration and abstraction, with the human form serving as a starting point for his exploration of the expressive potential of paint.In contrast, Realism is a style of art that seeks to accurately depict the physical world and the human experience in a naturalistic manner. Realist artists strive to capture the details of their subjects with meticulous attention to accuracy, often using photographic references and a highly refined technical approach.One of the most renowned Realist painters is the American artist Andrew Wyeth, whose work is renowned for its quiet, contemplative depictions of the rural landscapes and people of his native Pennsylvania. Wyeth's paintings are marked by a sense of stillness and introspection, with the artist's keen eye for detail and subtle use of light and shadow creating a sense of emotional resonance andpsychological depth.Another influential Realist artist is the Spanish painter Joaquín Sorolla, whose vibrant, sun-drenched scenes of coastal life in Spain have become iconic. Sorolla's paintings are characterized by their vivid colors, dynamic compositions, and masterful rendering of the effects of light on the human form and the natural world.While Abstract Expressionism and Realism may seem like polar opposites, they share a common thread in their desire to capture the essence of the human experience through the visual arts. Abstract Expressionist artists sought to convey the raw, unfiltered emotions and psychological states of the individual, while Realist artists strived to faithfully represent the physical world and the human condition in all its complexity.Ultimately, both movements have had a profound impact on the trajectory of art history, and their influence can be seen in the work of countless contemporary artists who continue to grapple with the fundamental questions of what it means to be human and how we can best express the depth and complexity of our lived experiences through the medium of visual art.。
