管理学第一章管理与组织学习导览一、管理者是谁？It used to be sim ply defined that they were the organizational m em bers who told others what to do and how to do it, but it is not quite that sim ple anym ore. A m anager is som eone who coordinates or oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accom plished. A m anager’s job is not about personal achievem ent, but about helping others do their work. That m ay m ean coordinating the work of a departm ental group, or supervising a single person. It could involve coordinating the work of a team com posed of people from several different departm ents or even people outside the organization, such as tem porary em ployees or em ployees who work for the organization’s suppliers. And m anagers m ay have other work duties not related to coordinating the work of others.解释管理者与非管理的雇员有什么不同？Nonm anagerial em ployees are those organizational m em bers who work directly on a job or task and have no one reporting to them.组织中的管理者如何分类？In traditionally structured organizations—whi ch are usually said to be shaped like a pyram id because there are m ore em ployees at lower organizational levels than at upper organizational levels, m anagers are often described as first-line, m iddle, or top, and m ay have various titles.(1) First-line m anages, the lowest level of m anagem ent, m anage the work of nonm anagerial em ployees who are typically involved with producing the organization’s products or serving the organization’s custom ers. They often have the title of supervisor, and are called shift m anagers, district m anagers, departm ent m anagers, offi ce m anagers, or even foreperson.(2) Middle m anagers include all levels of m anagem ent between the first level and the top level of the organization. These m anagers m anage the work of first-line m anagers and m ay have titles such as regional m anagers, project leader, plant m anager, or division m anager.(3) Top m anagers: m anagers at or near the upper levels of the organizational structure who are responsible for m aking organization-wide deci sions and establishing plans and goals that effect the entire organization. These individuals typically have ti tles such as executive vice-president, president, chief operating officer, chief executive offi cer, or chairperson.二、管理是什么？Managem ent involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities can be com pleted efficiently and effecti vely.解释为什么对管理来说效率和效力是重要的。
