从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类
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英语句子的从句与主句英语句子由一个或多个从句和/或主句组成。
从句是一个具有主语和谓语的独立句子成分,它不能单独成为一个完整的句子,而主句是一个完整的句子,可以独立地表达一个意思。
在句子中,从句与主句之间存在着一定的逻辑关系,起着承接、解释、修饰等作用。
本文将详细介绍英语句子的从句与主句的特点和使用方法。
一、从句的概述从句是一个句子成分,在英语句子中起到修饰或补充主句的作用。
根据从句在句子中的功能,可以分为三种类型:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有以下几种:- 主语从句:作为主语出现在句子的开头,例如:"Whether he can come to the party is still uncertain."- 宾语从句:作为宾语出现在及物动词或介词后面,例如:"I don't know what she wants."- 表语从句:作为表语出现在系动词之后,例如:"The fact is that he is not qualified for the job."- 同位语从句:作为同位语修饰某个名词,例如:"The news that he won the competition is exciting."2. 定语从句定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词,作用相当于定语。
在句子中,定语从句通常出现在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:"The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting."3. 状语从句状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果等关系。
常见的状语从句有以下几种:- 时间状语从句:表示时间关系,例如:"I will call you when I arrive at the airport."- 原因状语从句:表示原因关系,例如:"She didn't come to the party because she was sick."- 条件状语从句:表示条件关系,例如:"If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home."- 目的状语从句:表示目的关系,例如:"I bought this book so that I can improve my English."- 结果状语从句:表示结果关系,例如:"He studied hard, so he passed the exam."二、主句与从句的连词从句与主句之间需要使用一些连词来引导,以表明从句在句子中的功能和逻辑关系。
从句的分类与使用方法从句是指在句子中充当句子成分的一种句子。
在英语中,从句的分类和使用方法非常重要。
正确地使用不同类型的从句,可以使句子更加准确,表达更加丰富。
本文将介绍从句的分类和使用方法,帮助读者更好地掌握从句的运用。
一、从句的分类从句可以根据其功能和结构的不同分为以下几种类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
下面将对这三种从句进行详细介绍。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句中充当名词的功能,可以作主语、宾语、表语等。
根据从句引导词的不同,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,常常以that, whether, if等引导词引导,例如:- Whether he will come to the party remains unknown.- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的角色,常常以that, whether, if, what, who等引导词引导,例如:- He asked me if I had finished my homework.- The teacher told us what we should do.表语从句在句子中充当表语的角色,常常以that, whether, if等引导词引导,例如:- The important thing is that you try your best.同位语从句在句子中对前面的名词进行解释说明,常常以that引导,例如:- The fact that he didn't show up disappointed us.2. 形容词性从句形容词性从句在句中充当形容词的角色,用来修饰名词或代词。
形容词性从句常常以that, which, who等引导词引导,例如:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- Do you know the girl who is speaking on the stage?3. 副词性从句副词性从句在句中充当副词的角色,用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
从句知识点总结句子是语言表达的基本单位,而从句是构成句子的一种重要成分。
从句可以完整地表达一个意思、构成一个句子成分,同时与主句产生各种复杂的关系,充分拓展了语言表达的层次和能力。
在学习中文的过程中,掌握从句的语法和连接方法是非常重要的一部分,下面就让我们具体学习一下从句的知识点。
一、什么是从句从句是指在一个句子中作为完整成分的句子,它不仅有自己的主语、谓语、宾语等成分,而且还受到主句的支配,是主语、宾语、状语等成分的一种补充和扩展。
从句由一个引导词和一个句子构成,引导词一般是关系代词、连接词或疑问词等。
例如:我昨天去的那家餐厅很不错。
在这个句子中,“我昨天去的那家餐厅”就是一个从句,它由引导词“那”构成。
二、从句的分类从句可以分为三种:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
1. 名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的作用,可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。
(1)主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的作用,通常由连接代词“何、什么、哪、谁”等来引导。
例如:什么时候结束这次会议还不确定。
谁能帮我放一下行李?(2)宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的作用,通常由连接词“是否、那、如何、为什么”等来引导。
例如:他问我是否可以给他一些建议。
我们还不知道为什么老师迟到了。
(3)表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的作用,通常由连接词“是、不是、好、坏”等来引导。
例如:我的问题是我应该怎么做?她的态度和表情都很冷淡。
(4)同位语从句同位语从句是指对一个名词进行解释说明的从句,通常由连接词“如、是、就”等引导。
例如:人类的本质,就是寻找意义。
他提出的问题,就是未来如何发展。
2. 形容词性从句形容词性从句在句子中充当形容词的作用,常常用来修饰名词或代词。
例如:那是一个漂亮而安静的小村庄。
我注意到他穿着一件很陈旧的制服。
3. 副词性从句副词性从句在句子中充当副词的作用,通常在句子中当作状语来使用,可以表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、比较等。
从句的种类与用法详细解析从句是指在复合句中充当一个成分的子句,它与主句之间具有一定的关系。
从句根据在句中的功能可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
本文将详细解析这三种从句的种类和用法,帮助读者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句中充当名词的角色,并且可以出现在句子的主语、宾语、表语、同位语等位置。
根据从句的功能可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句作为句子的主语出现,通常以"that"引导,但在口语中常省略"that"。
例如:- That he is late again bothers me a lot. (他又迟到了让我很生气。
)- Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.(她是否会来参加派对还不确定。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为动词的宾语出现,通常以"that"引导,但在口语中常省略"that"。
例如:- I know that he is busy. (我知道他很忙。
)- Can you tell me where the nearest supermarket is?(你能告诉我最近的超市在哪里吗?)3. 表语从句表语从句用来说明主语的特征或状态,通常以"that"引导,但在口语中常省略"that"。
例如:- The truth is that he is a liar.(事实是他是个骗子。
)- What makes me happy is that we will have a long holiday.(让我开心的是我们将有一个长假。
)4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释、说明或补充名词,通常以"that"引导,但在口语中常省略"that"。
从句的种类和用法详解从句是英语语法中重要的一个部分,由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成。
从句可以增加语言的表达力,使句子更加丰富多样。
本文将详细解释从句的种类和用法,帮助读者更好地理解和运用从句。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的功能,可以作主语、宾语、表语或补语。
常见的名词性从句有三种种类:主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,常以"that"引导。
例如:"That he is late surprises me."(他迟到了让我感到惊讶。
)2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当动词的宾语,通常由"that"引导,但在口语中可以省略。
例如:"I believe that he will come." (我相信他会来。
)"I know he will come." (我知道他会来。
)3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的角色。
例如:"The important thing is that you try your best."(最重要的是你尽力而为。
)二、定语从句定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,常以关系代词或关系副词引导。
定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:"The man who is speaking is my teacher."(正在说话的那个人是我的老师。
)"The book that I borrowed from the library is interesting."(我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
)三、状语从句状语从句用来表达时间、条件、原因、结果、目的、比较等信息,在句子中充当状语的角色。
根据不同的用途,状语从句可以分为六种类型。
1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示一个动作或事件发生的时间。
英语三大从句类型总结英语三大从句类型总结总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价,从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,他能够提升我们的书面表达能力,因此十分有必须要写一份总结哦。
总结怎么写才能发挥它的作用呢?下面是小编为大家整理的英语三大从句类型总结,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
英语三大从句类型总结PART1:英语从句三大类型按一般说法,可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.二,定语从句1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,状语从句1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learnedJapanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.PART2:经典名词性从句主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
中级教育学校从句知识点总结讲解一、什么是从句从句是指在复合句中充当句子成分的一部分的句子。
它可以在主句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
从句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三种。
二、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等成分,常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- That he is a good student is well known to everyone. 意思是“他是一个好同砚这是大家都知道的。
”- Whether he will come to the party is still uncertain. 意思是“他是否会来参与派对还不确定。
”2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句中充当宾语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- He said that he would go shopping with me tomorrow. 意思是“他说他明天会和我一起去购物。
”- I don't know whether she can pass the exam.意思是“我不知道她是否能通过考试。
”3. 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语,常用毗连词有that, whether,if等。
例如:- The fact is that he is a liar.意思是“事实是他是一个说谎者。
”- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.意思是“我关注的是我们是否能按时完成项目。
”4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语,常用毗连词有that, whether, if等。
例如:- The news that he got the first prize made me happy. 意思是“他获得第一名的消息让我很兴奋。
英语三大从句LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020复合句【语法要点】复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。
从句只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。
根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。
(一)名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that、if、whether;疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。
1)if不能引导表语从句。
连接代词who、what、whose、which不能引导同位语从句。
2)有时as、as if/though、because也可以引导表语从句,能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be、seem、look等。
例如:Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。
It looks as if it were going to rain. It is because you eat too much.3)介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。
例如:We can learn what we did not know. He will talk to us about what he saw in the .4)连词that引导的名词性从句除能用在except、but、in后之外很少作介词的宾语,。
其它一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。
例如:He is a good student except that he is careless.You may depend on it that they will support you.5)若主句谓语动词是及物动词make、find、think、see、hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句用作主语,如:That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。
如:I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语。
从句可分为三类:即名词性从句、描述词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从(即状语从句).引诱从句的词称作关联句.之杨若古兰创作一、名词性从句引诱这些名词性从句的关联词包含:从属连词:that, if, whether 连接代词:who,whoeverwhom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose 连接副词where, when, why, how.其中, 从属连词只起连接感化, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接感化, 在从句中又充当必定的成分.不成省略的连词:1. 介词后的连词2. 引诱主语从句和同位语从句的连词不成省略.That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思. 但在以下情况下,whether 不克不及被if 取代:1. whether引诱主语从句并在句首2.引诱表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有"or not" 例:Whether he will come is not clear.The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.I don't know if he will attend the meeting.1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为坚持句子平衡, 经常使用it作方式主语,而将真实的主语从句置于句末. That-从句作主语通经常使用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,全部计划注定要失败.It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不成真是件憾事.用it作方式主语的that-从句有以下四种分歧的搭配关系:A It + be +描述词+ that-从句例:It is necessary that…有须要……It is important that…主要的是……It is obvious that… 很明显……B. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句例如:It is b elieved that…人们信任……It is known to all that…从所周知……It has been decided that… 已决定……C. It + be +名词+ that-从句例:It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that… 事实是……D. It +不及物动词+ that-分句例:It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……2. 为坚持句子平衡, that引诱的宾语从句也经常使用it代替, 而将真实的宾语从句置于主句句末.这经常出此刻主句有描述词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下.He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不成引诱主语从句和表语从句.whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不成以.I don'tknow whether (if) she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.4. that和what引诱名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当必定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等.that 可省略, what则不成省.He always means what he says.She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引诱, 常跟在以下名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不成省.同位语从句普通用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容.We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.二、描述词性从句引诱定语从句的关联词包含:(1)关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as;(2)关系副词:when, where, why.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当必定的句法成分,关系代词在句中充当动词的宾语时, 普通可省去.关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它受以下条件的制约:(1)先行词是指人还是指物(2)关系代词在从句中的句法功能(3)定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的.关系代词的选用情况见下表:先行词在从句中的句法功能用于限制性或非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人或指物指人指物主语 who which that宾语 whom which that定语 whose whose(of which)I know that he is a man who (that) means what be says.The gentleman whom (that) she met addressed her with courtesy(礼貌).The watch which (that) was lost has been found.Here is the meterial which (that) you need.You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.关系副词的选用绝对来说较简单.如先行词为暗示时间的名词, 如time, day等, 则用when; 如先行词为暗示地点的名词, 如place, house, area等,则用where; 如先行词为reason, 则用why.例:I'll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.I don't know the reason why (for which) he did that.1. 当先行词是all, something, nothing等不定代词时;或先行词前有first,last, only, few, much, some, any, no等润色时;或先行词前有描述词第一流修时, 普通只用that而不必which来引诱定语从句.例:I've explained everything (that) I can to you.This is the most beautiful compus (that) I've ever been to.2. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句, 限制性定语从句与主句关系紧密, 为句中不成缺少的部分, 如去掉, 主句意思不完好.非限制性定语从句与主句关系松散, 如去掉, 主句内容仍完好.在书面语中, 非限制性定语从句普通被逗句隔开.非限制性定语从句普通不必that引诱.引诱非限制性定语从句的关系词不成省略.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.The general's daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a sweet smile. 3. 先行词也能够是全部句子.这时候, 普通用which或as来引诱定语从句. which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等, as在从句中普通只充当主语.which与as引诱此类定语从句的区别在于: which只能置于句中或句末, 而as的地位比较灵活, 可置于句中、句末, 又可置于句首.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which (as) is known to all.As had been expected, he finished first in decathlon(十项全能) at that Olympic Games.4. 关系代词在定语从句中有时也做介词的宾语.如果介词被置于关系代词前, 普通只用介词+which或介词+whom, 而不必介词+that来此导定语从句.如果介词被置于从句句末, 则可用that代替which或whom,且that这时候可省去.This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.One of my colleagues whom (that) you are familiar with will come today.区分关系代词与关系副词方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完好取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必必请求用关系代词;而不及物动词则请求用关系副词.例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.方法二:精确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能精确选择出关系代词/关系副词.例1. Is this museum _D__ you visited a few days age?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one例2. Is this the museum __A__ the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one三、副词性从句在复合句中, 起状语感化的从句称作状语从句.状语从句分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状误从句、缘由状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句.状语从句可放在句首或句末.如状语从句位于主语前,普通用逗号将其与主句隔开.(一)时间状语从句When you cross a main road, you must be very careful.Until we learn the facts, we can't do anything about it.注1. when, as, while引诱时间状语从句时都可以暗示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生, 即同时性.它们的区别在于:when和as引诱的状语从句中的动作既可所以延续性的, 也能够是非延续性的, 即瞬时性的;while引诱的状语从句中的动作只能是延续的动作或形态.当主句和从句中的动作均为延续动作时, 普通用while, 而不必when或as.当暗示两个同时发展、变更的情况时, 普通用as, 作“随着…”解.When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.As she got older, she got wiser.While Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.2. 有些副词和一些暗示时间的名词词组也可用作从属连词,引诱时间状语从句.如instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the moment等.Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened. The day he returned home, his grandpa was alrady dead.(二)条件状语从句引诱条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless, as (so) long as, only if(只需).If you don't come on time, we'll start out without you.As (so) long as you keep on trying, you'll certainly succeed.注:除了以上提到的从属连词外, 还有其它的一些词或词组也可引诱条件状语从句.如: providing that,provided,,supposing that,,suppose that,,oncondition that,,in case等.I will go providing that my expenses are paid.如果我的费用有人代付我就去Supposing he is not at home, what then?假如他不在家,那如何办? You can use the bicycle on condition that you return it tomorrow.只需你明天归还,自行车你可以拿去用.In case she comes back, let me know immediately.假使她回来了,立刻告诉我Take the raincoat in case it rains.带着雨衣,以防下雨.(三)缘由状语从句引诱缘由状语从句从句的从属连词有:becasue, since, as, now(that), in that, considering that等.Considering he's only been learning English a year he speaks it very well.考虑到他只学了一年英语,他讲得算是很流利了.We didn't know what to do as we were just visiting there.我们不晓得该如何办,由于当时我们仅仅在那里作访问.Since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天气这么热,我们去泅水吧.注:in that和now(that)的用法: in that引诱的从句对主句进行解释和说明,意思是: 在…方面, 在于…; 由于.now(that)暗示既然. Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.理论所以有价值,就在于它能给实践指出方向.Now (that) the weather has improved, let's go out for a picnic.既然天气已转好, 我们就出去野餐吧.(四)让步状语从句引诱让步状语从句的从属连词有:though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter…despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that, while.Tired as he was, he sat up late.他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡.No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.不管他们如何诽谤我们,我们决不让步.While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.虽然我爱好这顶帽子的色彩,但我不爱好它的外形.注:一些疑问词在词尾加上ever后, 也可引诱让步状语从句,相当于no matter+疑问词.这些词包含: whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however.Whatever he says, don't beleve him.不管他说什么都不要想信任他. Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.(五)目的状语从句引诱目的状语从句的从属连词有: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that.They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird's-eye view of the city.Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.Take an umbrella in case it rains.We dare not play jokes on him lest he should become angry.我们不敢开他打趣生怕他动气.注:so that和in order that的区别: so that更经常使用, in order that更正式.so that引诱的从句普通置于句末,而in order that引诱的从句既可置于句首, 又可置于句末.In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again,it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.(六)结果状语从句结果状语从句普通由以下连词引诱: so that, so…that, such…that. He overslept, (so) that he was late for work.They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.注:1. so…that和such…that的区别.so后接描述词或副词, such 后接名词.It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.It's such a good chance that we mustn't miss it.2. so that既可引诱目的状语从句, 也可引诱结果状语从句.so that 引诱目的状语从句时, 普通从句动词前会出现can(could),may(might),shall(should),而so that引诱的结果状语从句暗示客观事实, 不会出现上述词语.引诱结果状语从句的so that前常有逗号, 暗示强调.so that引诱的目的状语可置于句首,而so that引诱的结果状语从句只能置于句末.He left early so that he could catch the train.他早早动身, 以便能赶上车.(目的)He left early, so that he caught the train.他早早动身, 赶上了火车.(结果)(七)方式状语从句引诱方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if(though), the way, how. He made some changes as you had suggested.She was behaving as if (though) she hadn't grown up.。
从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类,即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。
引导从句的词称作关联句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:
从属连词that, if, whether;
连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;
连接副词where, when, why, how。
其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.
The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.
I don't know if he will attend the meeting.
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?
你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句)
[提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末.
It's well known that water is indispensable to life.
2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。
这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。
whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。
I don't know whether (if) she is at home.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。
that可省略, what则不可省。
He always means what he says.
She suggested (that) he do it at once.
5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省,一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
如何判断各类从句呢?
答:
1.分析句子结构以区分从句的种类。
遇到一个复合句,首先要分析其句子结构,看从句在整个句子中起什么作用,那么它就是什么从句。
2.分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类。
that这个词既可引导同位语从句,又可引导定语从句,这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似,如何区分呢?区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是,看that在从句中是否充当句子成分,若that在从句中不充当任何成分,则为同位语从句;若that在从句中充当主语或宾语,则为定语从句。
3.根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类。
定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词,如:the film;the student;the book;a house等等。
而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词,如fact、idea、promise、truth等,用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。
状语从句
在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。
4.根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类。
宾语从句分两种:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。
宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。
定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的,所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。
5.根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类。
如so that即可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句,如何区分呢?主要从以下两点来区分。
①根据上下文意义判断。
“以便……”表示目的,是目的状语从句,“以致于……”,“结果……”表示结果,是结果状语从句。
②从结构形式上来分辨。
so that前有逗号,为结果状语从句,反之,则为目的状语从句。
有时,so that前无逗号,这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词,如果有,则多是目的状语从句,若没有,则多是结果状语从句。