湖南师范大学考博英语题型分析
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:822.50 KB
- 文档页数:15
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The teacher was in a rage with him, for his handwriting in the composition was () .问题1选项A.illegibleB.incomprehensibleC.inaudibleD.decipherable【答案】A【解析】illegible难以辨认的, 字迹潦草的;incomprehensible费解的, 不可思议的;inaudible听不见的;decipherable可辨认的, 可解密的。
句意:老师对他很生气, 因为他的作文字迹潦草。
选项A符合句意。
2.单选题______ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?问题1选项A.Were you usedB.Are you usedC.Did you useD.Do you used【答案】C【解析】考查固定句型。
句意:你不是经常告诉我们个人的利益应该从属于集体的利益吗?sb. used to do“某人过去常常做某事”,其一般疑问句为did sb. use to do;sb. be used to (doing) sth.“习惯于(做)某事”,其一般疑问句为be动词提前;be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。
结合语境,这里指的是过去常常告诉我们某事,C选项Did you use符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
3.单选题In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and()by means of wooden paddles.问题1选项A.dockedB.propelledC.chokedD.perceived【答案】B【解析】dock使靠码头;propel推进, 驱使;choke阻塞, 抑制;perceive觉察, 感知。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Nylon is a (n)()material; it can be used to make a great many things.问题1选项poundB.imitationC.versatileD.crystal【答案】C【解析】compound复合的;imitation人造的,仿制的;versatile多用的,万能的;crystal水晶的,透明的。
根据下句:尼龙可以用来做很多东西,说明尼龙用途广泛,选项C符合句意。
2.单选题We shall probably never be able to() the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertrmC.ascertainD.notify 【答案】C【解析】assert断言,声称;inform通知;ascertain探明,确定;notify通知,公布。
句意:我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。
选项C符合句意。
3.单选题Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera through the videoconferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical (1) can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very (2) and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the(3) behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is(4) in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your (5) will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note (6) expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meeting are made more(7)by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot (8) . (9), organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to (10) essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.问题1选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题2选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题3选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题4选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题5选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题6选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.conceptsM.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题7选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题8选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题9选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.concepts M.picturesN.increasingly O.important问题10选项A.fortunatelyB.effectiveC.imagesD.articulateE.facialF.manageG.decisionsH.connectI.advancedJ.integrate K.progressive L.conceptsM.picturesN.increasinglyO.important【答案】第1题:C第2题:I第3题:L第4题:O第5题:G第6题:E第7题:B第8题:F第9题:N第10题:J【解析】(1)分析句子结构可知填空处应填入名词, 再由句意可知, 被拍摄且传输应该是images, 所以选项C正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We shall probably never be able to() the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.问题1选项A.assertrmC.ascertainD.notify【答案】C【解析】assert断言,声称;inform通知;ascertain探明,确定;notify通知,公布。
句意:我们可能永远无法确定这些亚原子粒子的确切性质。
选项C符合句意。
2.单选题Among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremony that express group()of the union.问题1选项A.opinionB.consistencyC.insistenceD.approval 【答案】D【解析】opinion观点, 主张;consistency一致性, 相容性;insistence坚持, 强调;approval批准, 认可, 赞同。
句意:在所有社会中, 合法的婚姻通常伴随着某种仪式, 表达群体对婚姻的认可。
选项D符合语境。
3.单选题Back in 1992, Thomas Edison predicted that “the motion picture is destined to revolutionize our educational system and .... in a few years it will supplant largely, if not entirely, the use of textbooks.” Well, we all make mistakes. But at least Edison did not squander vast quantities of public money on installing cinema screens in schools around the country.With computers, the story has been different. Many governments have packed them into schools, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Large numbers of studies, some more academically respectable than others, have purported to show that computers help children to learn. Now, however, a study that compares class with computers against similar classes without them casts doubt on that view.In the current Economic Journal, Joshua Angrist of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Victor Lavy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem look at a scheme which put computers into many of Israel’s primary and middle schools in the mid-1990s. Dr Angrist and Dr Lavy compare the test scores for math and Hebrew achieved by children in the fourth and eighth grades (ie, aged about nine and 13) in schools with and without computers. They also asked the classes’ teachers how they used various teaching materials, such as Xeroxed worksheets and, of course, computer programs. The researchers found that the Israeli scheme had much less effect on teaching methods in middle schools than in elementary schools. It also found no evidence that the use of computers improved children’s test scores. In fact, it found the reverse. In the case of the math scores of fourth-graders, there was a consistently negative relationship between computer use and test scores.The authors offer three possible explanations of why this might be. First, the introduction of computers into classrooms might have gobbled up cash that would otherwise have paid for other aspects of education. But that is unlikely in this case since the money for the programmer came from the national lottery, and the study found no significant change in teaching resources, methods or training in schools that acquired computers through the scheme.A second possibility is that the transition to using computers in instruction takes time to have an effect. Maybe, say the author, but the schools surveyed had been using the scheme’s computers for a full school year. That was enough for the new computers to have had a large (and apparently malign) influence on fourth-grade math scores. The third explanation is the simplest: that the use of computers in teaching is no better (and perhaps worse) than other teaching methods.The bottom line, says Dr Angrist, is that “the costs are clear-cut and the benefits aremurky”. The burden of proof now lies with the promoters of classroom computers. And the only reliable way to make their case is ,surely, to conduct a proper study, with children randomly allocated to teachers who use computers and teachers who use other methods, including the cheapest of all: chalk and talk.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that().2.Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy have done the following except().3.According to Dr. Angrist and Dr. Lavy, in the Israeli scheme, students didn’t make improvement in their test scores because().4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that().5.The author’s attitude towards governments’ packing computers in schools seems to be().问题1选项A.motion picture has revolutionized education systemB.Edison’s prediction has been proved wrongC.Edison encouraged schools to install cinema screensD.Schools are cautious about Edison’s idea问题2选项paring the test scores of students in different age groups.B.interviewing teachers about their teaching methods.unching the computer program in many Israeli schools.D.explaining students’ school performance.问题3选项A.other aspects of education were affected due to cash shortageB.it was not long enough for the program to take effectC.there was a negative relationship between computer use and test scoresD.the use of computer was no better than other teaching methods问题4选项A.there hasn’t been a proper study on this issue yetB.school authorities should provide proof to support the computer programC.installing computers in schools costs too much, but has little or no effectD.chalk and talk work better than computer in teaching问题5选项A.biasedB.indifferentC.disapprovingD.puzzling【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of() grouping is advisable.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD.anonymous【答案】A【解析】homogeneous同质的;instantaneous瞬间的;spontaneous自发的;anonymous匿名的。
句意:一些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生放在同一个班级,因为他们认为这种同质分组是可取的。
选项A符合句意。
2.单选题______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.AsC.ItD.That【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:人们普遍认为,经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。
as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明,通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。
B选项As符合题意,其余选项语法错误。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题Many years had() before they returned to their original urban areas.问题1选项A.floatedB.elapsedC.precededD.proceeded【答案】B【解析】float漂流;elapse时间流逝;precede领先,在…之前;proceed开始,继续进行。
句意:许多年过去了,他们才回到原来的城市。
这里指时间流逝,所以选项B正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Professor Hawking is()as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.问题1选项A.dignifiedB.clarifiedC.acknowledgedD.illustrated【答案】C【解析】dignify使高贵,授予荣誉;clarify澄清,阐明;acknowledge承认,认可;illustrate阐明,举例。
句意:霍金教授被公认是当今世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。
选项C符合语境。
2.翻译题参与并取胜,这就是奥林匹克精神。
他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战,也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。
胜而又胜,优而更优,这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。
有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者,即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。
成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者,这个胜利者最终仍将被取代,挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。
然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧,仍然力争最佳发挥。
【答案】To participate and to win—that is the Olympic spirit. It finds expression in the weak daring to defy the strong, and the strong striving for ever better performance. Ever better—the ideal always luring a sportsman forward. It is said that none of the competitors can avoid being defeated—even the best is bound to be surpassed by someone still stronger. Thousands of losers set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someone on the honor list. This is the rule of sports. However, undaunted by the inevitable failure, he is always striving to do the best he can.3.单选题He gave us an()consent to take the apples, for he smiled when he saw us do it问题1选项A.exaggeratedB.implicitC.impartialD.extravagant【答案】B【解析】exaggerated夸张的;implicit含蓄的, 暗示的;impartial公正的;extravagant奢侈的, 浪费的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In Briton the robin is a small bird, but its()in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意:在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。
species物种, 种类;counterpart 相似物;analogy 类比, 类似;category种类, 分类。
选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。
2.单选题Saving money regularly during one’s working years will help to()one’s old age from want.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee 【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护,保卫;assure保证,确保;guard防卫;guarantee保证,担保。
safeguard...from...为固定搭配,表示“保护...使免于...”,句意:工作的时候定期存钱,有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。
选项A符合句意。
3.单选题Even sensible men do() things sometimes.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.acuteD.apt【答案】B【解析】abrupt生硬的,唐突的;absurd荒谬的,可笑的;acute严重的,激烈的;apt恰当的,灵敏的。
句意:即使明智的人有时也会做荒唐的事。
选项B符合语境。
4.单选题A magician’s talk creates a()of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空;concentration集中;division区分;diversion转移,分散注意力。
湖南师范大学考博英语真题2006答案解析PartⅠReading ComprehensionPassage 11.答案A解析:文章论述的是basic research 和applied research,即基础研究和应用研究。
应用研究就是将基础研究应用于实际的应用中,以创造更多的利益。
所以A中x-rays used in medicine researches 意为将X射线用于医学研究中,属于应用研究的范围。
而另外从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell……… the scope is staggerin g.这一句话是在讲述basic research的范围,B、C、D均属于基础研究的范畴。
故A为答案。
2.答案A解析:从第一段的第四行的understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve cell………the scope is staggerin g中可知属于basic research 的研究很多,很混乱。
故A 中confusing令人困后的符合文意。
BCD选项的意思分别为令人惊讶的、高兴地、迷人的,均不符合文意。
故A 为答案3.答案C解析:由第二段的内容:which is far more concerned with applied aspects because these profits quickly可知答案为C4.答案C解析:从第二段中the funds the U.S. government allots to basic research currently amount to about seven percent of its overall research and development funds,可知美国政府花在基础研究的的经费很少,重心也不在基础研究上,故C为答案。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He doesn’t()much interest in his studies with the result that he fails in exams time and again.问题1选项A.indicateB.exertC.manifestD.express【答案】D【解析】express an interest in... 为固定搭配,意为“对...表现出兴趣”。
所以选项D正确。
2.单选题______ the way, we set of on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead 【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:在向导的带领下,我们徒步走进了黑夜。
A选项The guide led放进来题目构成两个独立且完整的句子,语法错误。
逗号前是句子的状语部分,guide和lead是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,B选项With the guide leading正确。
C选项With the guide to lead不定式形式表目的,D选项With the guide lead过去分词形式表被动。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题Though fined several times, he still ()no importance to his old habits.问题1选项A.adheresB.clingsC.sticksD.attaches【答案】D【解析】attach importance to为固定搭配, 意为“重视, 注意”。
句意:尽管被罚了几次款, 他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A magician’s talk creates a()of attention so that people do not see how he does his tricks. 问题1选项A.vacuumB.concentrationC.divisionD.diversion【答案】D【解析】vacuum真空;concentration集中;division区分;diversion转移,分散注意力。
句意:魔术师的谈话转移了人们的注意力,使人们看不见他是如何表演魔术的。
选项D符合句意。
2.单选题Originally designed as work clothes for miners, jeans are now worm by all segments of society, their appeal ______ by their comfort and affordability.问题1选项A.overwhelmedB.corrodedplicatedD.broadened 【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项overwhelmed“(感情或感觉)充溢,难以禁受;击败,征服”;B选项corroded“腐蚀,侵蚀”;C选项complicated“使复杂”;D选项broadened“扩宽,扩大”。
句意:牛仔裤最初是为矿工设计的工作服,现在受到社会各阶层的追捧,它的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而______。
这里要填的是牛仔裤的吸引力因为舒适和实惠的特点而怎么样,D选项broadened“扩宽,扩大”符合题意,也对应前面牛仔裤受欢迎的特点。
因此D选项正确。
3.单选题The elegant decorations ()the gym into a starlit ballroom.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transferredC.transcendedD.transformed【答案】D【解析】transplant移植, 迁移;transfer转让, 移交;transcend胜过, 超越;transform改变, 转换。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题It is more important to pave the way for children’s desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to assimilate. Even if you feel you have little knowledge of nature at your disposal, there is still much you can do for your child. Wherever you are and whatever your resources, you can still look up at the sky—its dawn and evening beauties its moving clouds, its start by night. You can listen to the wind, whether it blows with majestic voice through a forest or sings a many voiced chorus around the corners of your apartment building, and in the listening you can gain magical release for your thoughts. You can still feel the rain on your face and think of is long journey from sea to air to earth and wonder at the mysteries of natural selection embodied in the perfume and flavor of a fruit. Even if you are a city dweller, you can find some place, perhaps a park or a golf course, where you can observe the mysterious migrations of the birds and the changing seasons. And with your child you c an ponder the mystery of a growing seed, even if it’s just one planted in a pot of earth in the kitchen window.【答案】为孩子们的求知欲铺平道路比让他们接受他们还没有准备好吸收的事实更重要。
2015湖南师范大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、湖南师范大学考博英语题型英语题型介绍:Part1:阅读理解40分4篇20个小题Part2:词汇25分25道题Part3:翻译英译汉10分汉译英10分Part4:写作15分三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。
如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。
(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣:四一六九二五五五九。
电话:四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群:一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。
因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。
答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。
如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。
(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。
也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2)转折和因果。
在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。
例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。
5)情态动词。
should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。
6)特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。
7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。
(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。
e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。
2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。
g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。
最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。
平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上,试题上最好不要标注答案,以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步,看到自己的不足。