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英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
定语从句定语从句的考查在高考中主要出现在单选、改错中，也可用于作文中。
主要考查的知识点：(1)关系代词和关系副词的用法区别。
(2)只能用that/which引导定语从句的情形。
(3)介词加关系代词的用法。
(4) as和which引导非限制性定语从句(5)与句式、时态、主谓一致结合来考(6)与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句的区别解题时，首先要确定先行词，根据先行词在从句中所作的句子成分来判断该用关系代词还是副词，并且确定具体用哪个关系词。
如果从句中谓语动词为不及物动词，应考虑关系代词前该不该加介词。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which1.定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，“…的”。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等在从句缺主语或宾语、表语的时候使用；关系副词：where, when, why。
例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read.分析：that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。
关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that 人或物主语、宾语、表语（逗号后不能使用）which 物或主句内容（翻译成“这”）主语、宾语或定语（介词后或逗号后）who 人主语或宾语whom 人宾语（介词之后）whose 人或物（翻译成“谁的”）定语as 人或物或主句内容（翻译成“正如”）主语或宾语关系副词when 时间状语where 地点状语why 原因状语【练习】用适当的连接词填空(1) I will remember the days__________we spent together.(2) June 7 is the day ________we begin to take the college entrance examination.(3) This is the place___________we visited the day before yesterday.(4) This is the place _________ he worked for ten years.【解题技巧】规则1：用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它作什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
专题6-定语从句定语从句的定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.2、关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。
）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中，which可以做主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。
例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人做主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
高考定语从句专题讲解（一）定义及相关术语需要理解的概念定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
①数词作定语相当于形容词Two boys need two pens.（two修饰名词boy：two修饰名词pen）/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
②代词或名词所有格作定语His son needs Tom's pen.（his修饰名词son；Tom’s修饰名词pen）/他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。
③介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours 修饰名词pen）/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
④名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.（ball修饰名词pen）/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
⑤副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.（there修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑥不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.（to write this letter 修饰名词boy）/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
⑦分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
⑧定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.（who修饰名词boy；which 修饰名词pen）/那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
定语从句（一）识别和划出定语从句1.识别定语a clever/handsome boy the boiling water fallen leavesthe book on the desk the man standing over there stories in the Long March2.识别定语从句定语从句的定义：___________作定语, 用于修饰或限定整个主句或主句中的_______或______。
特点: 去掉从句之后, 剩余句子___________。
定语从句中的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词e.g. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）先行词：____________________________称为先行词。
上句中______________即为先行词。
关系词：重复______________指代，起连接______________的作用并且在定语从句中充当______________的连词。
上句中的______________即为关系词。
3. 划分定语从句起点：定语从句始于：关系词；介词+关系代词终点：定语从句截止于：______________；特殊符号；句末【过关检测】划出定语从句1.【★☆☆】The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. （2020新高考全国I卷）2.【★☆☆】The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.（2020全国卷2）3.【★☆☆】At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills.（2017 济南一中）4.【★☆☆】Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults. （2020全国卷3）5.【★★☆】In 2002, Mandela became a public supporter of AIDS knowledge and treatment programsin a culture where the disease had made people feel ashamed.（2018 省实验）6·But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. （2020山东）7·The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）8·Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. （2020全国卷2）9·Johnny also got me thinking about the smaller room that was now my home office. (2018济南）10.We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. （2020全国卷3）11.【★☆☆】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）. （2020新高考全国I卷）12.【★☆☆】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. （2020新高考全国I卷）（二）定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句区别：1.形式上：有无_________；2.意义上：限定性定语从句起_________的作用；非限定性定语从句起_________的作用。
2025年高考一轮复习知识清单专题11定语从句八大用法归纳（讲案）（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、定语从句快问快答P2二、定语从句五年高考真题考点细目表P2 考点清单一、关系代词that和which典型用法归纳P3 考点清单二、关系代词whose, who, w hom典型用法归纳P4 考点清单三、关系副词where典型用法归纳P5 考点清单四、关系副词when典型用法归纳P6 考点清单五、关系副词wh y 典型用法归纳P6 考点清单六、如何区分先行词作状语还是宾语P6 考点清单七、关系代词as典型用法归纳P7 考点清单八、定语从句“介词+关系代词”用法归纳P8 考点清单九、定语从句中的主谓一致用法归纳P8 考点清单十、分割型定语从句及强调句型、名词性从句变式考查P9 分层训练（一）五年定语从句高考真题题组P9 分层训练（二）定语从句易混对比十组P11 分层训练（三）定语从句助力应用文写作升格P12 分层训练（四）定语从句助力读后续写升格P13 分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空P13 神十七神十八两个乘组会师中国空间站P13一、定语从句快问快答Q1：什么叫定语从句？A1：顾名思义，定语从句就是一个从句在句中修饰一个名词或从句，起修饰、解释或限制作用。
Q2：什么是定语从句两要素？A2：一是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词，二是引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词或关系副词。
Q3：定语从句分哪两大类型？A3：根据功能，分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，后者前边往往有逗号隔开。
Q4：什么叫分割型定语从句？A4：一般来说，先行词后紧跟定语从句，有时二者被谓语或介词短语分隔开，构成分割型定语从句。
如：I was the only person (in my office) who was invited to the opening ceremony.Q5：定语从句关系代词有哪些？A5：定语从句关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as。
定语从句定语从句贯穿每份高考试卷，又是本次期末考试的重点。
[概念］在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做_________；被定语从句所修饰的词叫_________，一般有_________或_________来充当；定语从句一般放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫________，指代主句中的_________。
如：请根据自己对上述概念的理解，把主句、定语从句、引导词、先行词及从句中的句子成分标出来。
1) The number of people who lost homes reached 250,000.2) It sounded like a train which was going under the house.3) The boys who are playing football are from Class 8.4) The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.5) I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.6) Do you have any question about the attributive clause you can’t understand?7) October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.8) This is the school where we are studying.9) The reason why some students in Class 9 are always late for school is unknown.10) This is the house in which I was born.11) Water is very important to fish without which it can’t live.12) The teacher from whom I learn a lot is Mr Yu.［引导词］8个常见的引导词分为：关系代词___________________________________________(5个)关系副词___________________________________________（3个）二者区别和联系：____________________________________________________________________________ ［基本用法］一般情况下that可指_________，可以代替_________，在从句中作_________，但不能作介词的宾语。
定语从句翻译练习1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生自：思路：这就是医生（救了孩子生命的）自翻:This is the doctor who saved kid’s life（who做主语不可省）2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生自：思路：她就是新学生（我要介绍给你的）自翻：She is the new student (who) I will introduce to you.（做宾语可省）3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
自：思路：请递给我那本书（摆在桌上的）自翻:Please give me the book (which /that) on the desk ??????wrong订:Please give me the book which is lying on the desk （做主语不可省）4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
自：思路：小说（汤姆买的）很有意思自翻：The novel( that/which)Tom bought is very interesting （做宾语可省）5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？自：思路：你能把那本杂志借给我吗（昨天谈到的）自翻：Can you borrow me that magazine (that/which)we talked about yesterday?Answer:This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life . 这就是救了孩子生命的医生She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you . 她就是我要介绍给你的新学生Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
The novel which Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的小说很有意思。
十年（2015-2024）高考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）专题09定语从句2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands____63____a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯)the steps along the Silk Route ____64____brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the_____65_____(rich) of gardening in England.2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the____49____（large）United States national park—2.2million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,_____50_____became a national monument in1978,took the honors as a national park in1980with12.3million acres.3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu,___36___is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.4.【2024北京卷】Tinniswood,___17___doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks,credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life.“If you eat too much or do too much of anything,you’re going to suffer eventually,”he said.5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way____38____will make them the most money.2023年1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place____43____welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with21st-century architectural____44____(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color lookedjust perfect.3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,___43___Rachel Carson says in“A Fable for Tomorrow.”...5.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America,___44___all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins,___45___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.6.【2023年全国甲卷】She even played some recordings of their singing,what was fun.7.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,____18____thousands were attending a water conference.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2【2022全国甲卷】On the1,100.Kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,_________lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed40cities and counties in three province.3【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics__________are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.4.【2022年北京卷】That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of____18____are only good for one use.5.【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler,________routes round a city or a site are often suggested.A.for whichB.with whichC.for whomD.with whom2021年1.【2021.1浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool2gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes________we can learn without repeating them.A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom3.【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring,a season________we are1earning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which4.【2021.3天津卷】At the Chinese art festival,there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when2020年1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot63.it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient China lived an artist61.paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation hadmade him proud.4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷（山东卷）】The80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,38.(form) the core collection of the British Museum39.opened in1759.6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.7.【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early1990s,____________he gave it to his grandson.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who8.【2020年江苏卷】Many lessons are now available online,from_____students can choose for free.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.whom2019年1.【2019年全国卷Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from9am to5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters___64___had great experience with caring for these animals.4.【2019年全国卷III】In the cafe,customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those___9___are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways,A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth___58___gives off light in the dark.7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age_______dreams have the best chance of coming true.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that8.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________she can say individual words but not full sentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what2018年1.【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.2.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005—when the government___68___(start)a soil-testing program___69___gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.3.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since2011,the country___4.【2018年浙江卷6月】Many westerners57come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap58can be to eat out.5.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】Like anything,it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health.6.【2018年天津卷】Kae,_________sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her2017年1.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】In their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.2.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】But Sarah,64has taken part in shows along with top models,wants65(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her66(educate).3.【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.4.【2017年浙江卷】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got63(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.5.【2017年北京卷】The little problems___________we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when6.【2017年江苏卷】In1963the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of____________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whom7.【2017年天津卷】My eldest son,___________work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who2016年1.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】But my connection with pandas goes back64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65I was the first Western TV reporter66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2.【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area....Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.3.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,67lived from roughly551to479B.C.,influenced the68(develop)of chopsticks.4.【2016年四川卷】The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.5.【2016年天津卷】We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_____________the weather may be better.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when6.【2016年北京卷】I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which7.【2016年江苏卷】Many young people,most_________were well-educated,headed for remote regions tochase their dreams.A.of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those2015年1.【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River64are pictured by artists in so many Chinese65(painting).3.【2015年北京卷】Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,you can hear some lovely music.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where4.【2015年福建卷】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,__________shows that more and morepeople all over the world want to learn about China.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which5.【2015年湖南卷】It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as it must have done100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which6.【2015年江苏卷】_____Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How7.【2015年陕西卷】As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when8.【2015年四川卷】The books on the desk,covers are shiny,are prizes for us.A．which B.what C.whose D.that9.【2015年天津卷】The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere___________his employees enjoy their work.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.who10.【2015年浙江卷】Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A.asB.whoseC.in whichD.at which11.【2015年重庆卷】He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of____were published in the1990s.A.whomB.whichC.themD.that。
定语从句用法详解（最新独家例句）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句属于形容词性从句。
定语从句所修饰的词，语法上叫先行词。
定语从句放在先行词后面，由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词where, when和why引导从句。
对中学生来说，定语从句是英语语法中最难的存在，为什么？因为关系代词和关系副词一方面要引导定语从句，另一方面它们还指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，状语或定语。
这是我们掌握定语从句的关键。
所以在定语从句中要选择关系代词和关系副词，就要看它指代的先行词在从句中充当什么成分：一、在从句中做主语或宾语1，先行词是人，在从句中做主语，用who或that引导：There are social media celebrities who build followings by sharing emotionally appealing lies. 有些网红通过分享煽情的谎言来吸引粉丝关注。
As anyone who has ever had a toothache knows, nothing is more miserable than problems with your teeth.任何一个牙痛过的人都知道，没有什么比牙齿问题更痛苦的了。
Mothers who are interested in losing weight after giving birth to a baby need to take a multidimensional approach to solving the problem.有兴趣在生完孩子后减肥的母亲需要采取多方面的方法来解决这个问题。
A thousand years ago，they didn’t have comedians, but they had people who looked at things in different ways.千年前，没有喜剧演员，但他们有以不同方式看待事物的人。
