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英译汉San Francisco“San Francisco， open your Golden Gate，” sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April，1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided，buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills，rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city，where Spanish people were the first to make their homes，is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap； they have not risen，I‟m told，for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you，you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians，Italians，Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7 Here，with Chinese restaurants， Chinese post-boxes， and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas，it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman‟s Wharf， a place all foreigners want to see，is at the end of the ride. You get out， pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable （a city custom），and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon .漫步旧金山“旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！”剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完1。
1．把下列汉语长句译成英文，注意句内逻辑关系的再现并运用核心句分析法。
1) 中国的科学技术落后，困难比较多，特别是人口太多，现在有十亿五千万，增加人民的收入很不容易，短期内要摆脱贫困落后状态很不容易。
（邓选）2) 保险人应保障被保险人由于货物遭受机器设备运输保险内所承保的风险造成工程中断或延误所引起的还本付息及固定成本的赔偿。
（核心句分析法）3）经人民法院调解结案或判决结案的案件，根据案情责任应由受援方承担的受理费和其他诉讼费用，受援人缴纳确有困难的，人民法院应当酌情减、免。
（核心句分析法）4）1978年，卫生部针对当时全国各地、市以上输血站只有30多个，不少地区没有输血机构，自1949年前一直延续下来卖血现象没有得到根本改造的情况，提出建立公民义务献血制度。
2．把下列文章翻译成中文, 注意其中长句的翻译。
China’s Uneasy BillionaireThe gods clearly smile on Shantou. This once poor district in southern China is the birthplace not just of Asia’s richest man, Li Ka-shing, a Hong Kong tycoon, but also more recently of one of mainland China’s richest men, Wong Kwong Yu, founder of Gome, an electrical-appliance retailer. According to a Chinese “rich list” compiled by Rupert Hoogewerf, a British Journalist, Mr. Wong is now worth $ 1.7 billion - enough to put him at the top of the list for two years running. This is still far short of Mr. Li’s $ 13 billion; but then Mr. Wong, at just 36, is younger and made his fortune in socialist China, not capitalist Hong Kong. Yet the remarkable nature of his achievement, like the wealth itself, has brought Mr. Wong scarce comfort. True, his office is presidential, complete with a stately desk and even a bedroom (he says he often works overnight). With his brother, he owns the skyscraper Eagle Plaza in north Beijing that houses it. He is driven around in a stretch Mercedes too, although only because friends advised it would be handy for meetings on the move. But Mr. Wong’s personal tastes are frugal. He and his wife and children still live in a commonplace apartment that costs a third of a luxury one. Shyly fiddling with his mobile and lighting another cigarette, he confesses that he cannot play golf, and cut short a holiday in Canada recently because he was bored. He works 13-hour days because “I wouldn’t know what else to do,” and to relax just watches television.Such self-denial and workaholism partly reflect the fact that he built his wealth slowly – like Li Ka-shing, who is know for his cheep shoes and plastic watches. At 16, he and his elder brother travelled north to Mongolia to flog cheap watches, before fetching up in Beijing and opening a clothing store – Gome. At 17, with urbanization, property development and incomes all on the upswing, he switched Gome into home appliances and consumer electronics, and in 1992 he split the business, keeping the stores while his brother, also on the rich list, kept the real estate.Mr. Wong, reflects, too, a sensitivity common to many of China’s young entrepreneurs who rise rapidly in private wealth. Several former members of Mr. Hoogewerf’s rich list have since been jailed or forced to flee abroad. Mr. Wong says that he is not under threat: “It is transparent where I made my money. ”but conspicuous consumption is still to be indulged in cautiously.However, the main reason for Mr. Wong to feel ill at ease is the business itself. At first sight, Gome is a formidable success. With 437 stores in 132 cities and revenues of 24 billion yuan ($3 billion) in 2004, it is the clear market leader in a 500 billion yuan electrical-appliance market, growing at an enviable 12% a year. It has the best brand and product range and is less dependent on a single region than its rivals. Yet Gome’s preeminence is threatened. Sales of televisions, washing machines and the like are highly fragmented, with top 16 chains accounting for just 22% of the market. And the competition is catching up. Of the many ideas Mr. Wong pioneered in 20 years in retail –“everything is now being copied” by rivals, particularly three others with national pretensions, Suning, Yongle and Dazhong.With China now fully open to foreign electrical chains and supermarkets, competitions will only heat up. So just in case, Mr. Wong is busily working on that quintessentially Chinese escape hatch: property. While his brother flourishes in commercial real estate, Mr. Wong has recently become one of Beijing’s biggest residential developers. It seems to suit him better. He laments the loss of the days when he was the only retailer that mattered, everything sold and he didn’t have to ask favours. The beauty of property over retailing, he grins, is that “you don’t have to deal with so many people”.。
外研社的笔译题型主要包括以下几种：
1. 英汉互译：这是笔译考试中最常见的题型之一。
考生需要将英文句子或段落翻译成中文，或者将中文句子或段落翻译成英文。
这种题型主要考察考生的语言转换能力、语法和词汇运用能力，以及跨文化意识。
2. 篇章翻译：这种题型通常给出一段几百字的英文或中文文章，要求考生将其翻译成另一种语言。
这种题型主要考察考生对文章整体的把握能力、语言转换能力和翻译技巧。
3. 摘要翻译：这种题型通常给出一段英文或中文文章，要求考生将其摘要或总结翻译成另一种语言。
摘要翻译需要对原文进行浓缩和提炼，同时要求翻译准确、流畅。
4. 商务翻译：这种题型主要涉及商务文本的翻译，包括商务函电、合同、协议等。
商务翻译要求考生具备扎实的商务知识，同时要求翻译准确、专业、流畅。
5. 科技翻译：这种题型主要涉及科技类文本的翻译，包括科技论文、产品说明书等。
科技翻译要求考生具备扎实的科技知识，同时要求翻译准确、流畅、专业。
以上是外研社笔译考试的主要题型，不同的题型考察的侧重点不同，考生需要根据实际情况进行备考。
大学英语翻译试题及答案一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共10分）1. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- (1) Innovation- (2) Sustainability- (3) Diversification- (4) Globalization- (5) Entrepreneurship2. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- (1) 创新- (2) 可持续性- (3) 多样化- (4) 全球化- (5) 创业精神二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：- (1) "Innovation is the key to a company's success." - (2) "Sustainability is a long-term commitment."- (3) "Diversification helps to spread risk."- (4) "Globalization has brought new opportunities." - (5) "Entrepreneurship is about taking risks."2. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：- (1) “创新是公司成功的关键。
”- (2) “可持续性是一项长期的承诺。
”- (3) “多样化有助于分散风险。
”- (4) “全球化带来了新的机会。
”- (5) “创业精神是关于承担风险。
”三、段落翻译（每题10分，共20分）1. 请将下列英文段落翻译成中文："In the era of rapid technological advancement, companies must embrace innovation to stay competitive. This involves not only developing new products and services but alsofinding more efficient ways to operate. Sustainability is also crucial, as it ensures that business practices do not harm the environment or deplete resources for future generations."2. 请将下列中文段落翻译成英文：“在快速技术进步的时代，公司必须拥抱创新以保持竞争力。
