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语法专题三介词和介词短语1.(2015课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空)For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour awaycar and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.2.(2015课标全国Ⅱ,语法填空) the same time,they warm up again for the night.3.(2015重庆)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃the average. 〚导学号03730005〛4.(2015浙江)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?5.(2015福建)A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.6.(2015河南顶级名校模拟)They were asked to rank them again,in the order they would vote them.7.(2015河北邯郸质检)Seeing the sunlight,passers-by or trees outside might make you more aware how you look,might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad.8.(2015山西四校联考)Her interest reading also benefited from the fact that her parents only let her watch half an hour of TV a day.9.(2015四川宜宾一诊)To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves the situation.10.(2015甘肃部分普通高中联考)their amazement,they found that it was effective in trapping all the articles.11.(2015北京东城下学期综合测试)The room he has just rented is about 9 meterslength and 3 meters wide.12.(2015广州调研)While other guys caught only three or four a day,Sam’s boat was always full fish.13.(2015广东惠州一调)The young man could not believe his own ears and wasgreat surprise.14.(2015山西师大附中12月考)I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys hours,and thanked God for the greatest gift I had ever been given.15.(2015浙江省重点中学协作体适应性测试)We can become a smart shopper by choosing for value,not for looks; other words,choose good quality goods with plain packages.16.(2015江西临川一中期中考试)America is growing older.Today,10 out of every 100 Americans are 65.17.(2015云南部分名校1月统考)On some other websites,you can connect with peopleall over the world.18.(2015山东省实验中学三诊)Ordinary people use it shopping,banking,bill-paying,and communicating with family and friends.19.(2015重庆巴蜀中学模拟)Great pity! His illness is the treatment available so far.20.(2015广东惠州二模)Meanwhile,Doctor Marescaux in New York watched her on a video screen and then sent messages to the robot machine the computer.21.(2014陕西)The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.22.(2014浙江)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying expression.23.(2014重庆)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.24.(2014江西)It is unbelievable that Mr Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth.25.(2013课标全国Ⅱ)A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.Ⅱ.用适当的介词完成句子(每空一词)1.穿着红衣服的女孩们在讲意大利语。
专题三代词和介词考点一代词一、人称代词数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you第三人称he himthey them she herit it他会借咖啡来浇愁。
Thank you for your letter.谢谢你的来信。
I bought a present for him.我给他买了件礼物。
二、物主代词词义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性my your his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 这是你的座位吗，先生？The government has changed its policy.政府已经改变了政策。
This is not my dictionary.Mine is lent to Lucy.这不是我的字典，我的借给露西了。
This camera is mine and that is yours . 这部照相机是我的，那部是你的。
Every person showed his ticket ，and I showed mine too. 每个人都出示了票，我也出示了我的。
三、反身代词反身代词⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧作宾语⎩⎨⎧动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.汤姆自学了汉语。
介宾：You can't leave the baby by himself . 你不能把孩子独自留在那里。
作表语：She is not quite herself today. 她今天不在状态。
作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. 我自己能修那辆自行车。
四、不定代词1．both ，all ，either ，any ，neither ，none 的区别industrialized countries.在工业化国家，现在男性和女性都会活得更长。
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考点04 介词和介词短语与数词（重难考点精讲练）介词在英语中比较活跃，在高考中，对介词的考查主要集中在语法填空和短文改错题型中，考查点为常见介词如，from,to, on, in, with, by, at, of , on 等等的基本用法上。
语法填空中介词的考查形式为非提示词型，短文改错中介词的考查包括介词的误用以及多词少词。
预计2023年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。
在短文改错中，主要考查对介词的误用。
数词1. 掌握主要介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。
一、介词介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
考向一、介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
第四节介词和连词考点一常见介词的用法against，beyond，by，for，with，without，over，in，on，at，across，through 等介词是常考的介词，它们大局部都有多层含义，全面掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。
下面就几个含义较多、掌握较难的介词做一下介绍。
1．against意为“反对；对抗；违背；逆着；倚、靠；以……为背景〞。
She fell down and hit her head against the ground.她倒了下来，头撞在了地上。
The picture shows up well against the white wall.这幅画在这白壁的衬托之下很显眼。
2．beyond意为“在……的另一边；超出；非……所能与〞。
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock at night.晚上10 点以后不要在外面逗留。
3．by意为“在……旁边；到……为止；按照；按……计算数量、报酬等；通过……方式；以……的幅度〞。
I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble.从你脸上的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻烦。
Is this cloth sold by the meter?这块布是按米卖的吗？4．with意为“和……在一起；带有；随着；用，凭借；关于；假设是〞。
I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼看到了。
His money，with his wife's，comes to a million dollars.他的钱加上他太太的钱，合计达100 万美元。
5．over意为“在……的正上方；多于；在……期间〞。
介词〔短语〕和动词〔短语〕(一)介词(短语)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.解析：考查介词。
此处表示追踪北极熊数量的现代方法，表示“……的〞，故答案为of；也可理解为目的，故答案也可为for。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.解析：考查介词。
a pack of为固定搭配，表示“一包……；一群……〞，故填of。
3．(2019·卷)First celebrated in 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．解析：考查介词。
表示“在哪一年〞用介词in，故填in。
4．(2018·某某卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析：此处for...与前面的go to...搭配，表示目的。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical munity (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.解析：分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式〞。
第四讲 特殊句式特殊句式近五年仅仅考查过祈使句。
但特殊句式为构建复杂句式、分析长句提供了坚实保障。
备考把握以下内容：1．特殊句式包括：①强调句 ②倒装句 ③省略句 ④祈使句 ⑤感叹句 ⑥附加疑问句2．高考考查热点：①强调句中的it 和that ②特殊句式中的there be ③一些常用的固定表达结构一、完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
二、部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，置于主语之前。
如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词时，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
将下列句子变为倒装句①She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.→Not until her mother returned did__she__have__supper．②I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.→Hardly do__I__think__it__possible__to__finish__the__job__before__dark．③He learned the sad news only after the war.→Only after the war did__he__learn__the__sad__news．④He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.→So clearly does__he__speak__English__that__he__can__always__make__himself__understood．强调句型的基本结构单句语法填空/补全句子①It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(天津卷单选改编)②It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that__we saw Lily in thepassenger seat.(2018·天津卷单选改编)③It__was__not__until__midnight__that the noise of the street stopped.直到午夜，街上的嘈杂声才停止。
第4讲动词(短语)和介词(短语)动词(短语)[深化认知]一、常用动词短语1．agree短语agree with 同意某人的意见，(气候、食物等)适合，与……相符agree on 对……取得一致意见agree to 同意(建议、看法、意见等)agree about 对……有相同的看法2．bring短语bring up 提出，养育，呕吐bring down 降低，打倒bring out 带来，促使，引起bring about 引起，导致3．break短语break up 打碎，结束，解散，垮掉break down 分解，发生故障，失败，毁掉，制服，崩溃break out (战争、火灾等)爆发4．come短语come up with 提出，想出come across 偶遇come back 回来，恢复，想起来come over 过来，顺便来访come about 发生come into 进入，得到，继承come out with 说出，发表，出版come to 总计，清醒过来5．call短语call out 唤起，出动，大声叫唤call on 拜访，号召call for 要求，需要call off 取消6．carry短语carry out 实施，执行carry on 继续carry away 拿走，使入迷carry off 夺走，使丧命7．do短语do away with 废除do without 没有……也行do with 处理，处置，对付8．drop短语drop out 辍学，掉队drop by 顺便来访drop in (on/at) 顺便拜访(某人/某地)9．get短语get over 克服get away with 侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)get across 理解，度过get rid of 除掉，去掉get along with 与……相处，取得进展get down to 开始(做)某事get along 进展get on 上车，进展，相处融洽get to 到达get in 收割get away 拿走，逃脱，逃离，休假get off 动身，从……下来，脱下get back 回来，恢复，取回get into 进入，学会，习惯于get down 下来，取下，咽下，记下，使紧张不安10．give短语give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发give up 放弃，辞去give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等) give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give in 屈服，呈交11．go短语go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去go away 走开，离去go out 熄灭，出去go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅go on 发生，进行，继续go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登go after 追求，追赶go through 通过，浏览12．hold短语hold up 举起，阻止，延误hold on 等一等，不要挂断电话hold off 拖延，不接近hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住13．keep短语keep back 后退，阻止，抑制，扣留(钱)keep down 控制，镇压keep off 不靠近，不提及，推迟keep out 不得入内keep up 保持，坚持，使(情绪等)不低落keep up with 跟上，赶上keep away 防范，不接近keep with 陪伴keep an eye on 照看，留意，密切注意14．leave短语leave out 省去，遗漏，忽视，不考虑leave off 停止leave behind 遗留，忘记带走leave alone 不管，不理会15．look短语look about 环顾look up 仰望，查阅look at 看look into 调查look up to 尊重look down upon 轻视，看不起look forward to 期盼look out 当心，小心look after 照顾look upon 看待，把……看作look down 俯视，往下看look through 浏览，看穿look over 检查，查看16．make短语be made of 由……制成(看出原材料)be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)make out 分辨出，勉强认出，理解make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配置，编造，虚构，构成，组成make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通make the best/most of 充分利用17．put短语put off 推迟put down 镇压，记下put on 穿上，上演put up 挂起，张贴，举起，建立put away 储存put up with 忍受put together 把……放在一起，组合18．run短语run out 耗尽run out of 用完，用光run after 追逐run across 偶然遇到run for 竞选run over 碾过run into 偶然遇到，与……相撞19．set短语set about doing sth. 着手/开始做某事set aside 留出set down 放下，记下，开始认真对待set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起set out to do sth. 开始做某事，着手做某事set up 建立，开办，竖起，支起20．take短语take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉，突然成名take out 拿出，取出take away 拿走take in 吸收，接纳，理解，欺骗take down 取下来，拆毁，拆卸take up 接受，从事，开始，占去(时间、空间、地位等) take after 与某人相像take on 呈现，雇用，承担21．turn短语turn over 移交turn on 打开，取决于turn off 关掉turn down 关小，拒绝turn out 结果是，培养出，生产turn to 转向，向……求助turn in 上交turn around 转身，转过来turn up 调大，出现二、常用动词的固定搭配account for 解释，占(比例)adapt to 适应come straight to the point谈正题，开门见山come to an end 结束declare war on 宣战exchange ...for ... 用……交换……make one's fortune 发财keep in touch with 与……保持联系keep in shape 保持健康rise to one's feet 站起来take possession of 占有，拥有cause damage to 对……造成损害go in for 爱好，参加，从事put up with 容忍hold one's breath 屏住呼吸take a deep breath 深呼吸take advantage of 利用，趁……之机get in/lose touch with 与……取得/失去联系get hold of 掌握，抓住，得到give sb. support 给某人支持put ...into practice 将……付诸行动work out 制定出，计算出[典题在线]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015·广东高考语法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.2．(2014·辽宁高考语法填空)OK. Don't laugh at me. I may look funny.3．(2014·广东高考语法填空)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.4．(2014·福建高考单选)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.5．(2016·秦皇岛一模)Personally, I agree with the second group of people.6．(2016·开封一模)This evidence shows that ignoring the traffic regulations will bring about traffic accidents.7．(2016·长春一模)It is often the husband who gives in first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.8．(2016·济南一模)That's good. I like to keep in shape, so I play a lot of sports.9．(2016·天津一模)I looked up and there on the headland was a little kid.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2016·南昌一模)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree on everything. on→with2．(2016·大连一模)A quick search on the Internet will bring about dozens of online companies that allow you to register your home for free. about→up 3．(2016·聊城一模)They succeeded in escaping from the burning building by breaking out the door. out→do wn4．(2016·渭南一模)I was amazed that he'd come up this sweet idea. up后加with 5．(2016·阳泉一模)They call for people and the government to take measures to fight against the air pollution. for→on6．(2016·绵阳一模)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get down any difficulty. down→over7．(2016·邯郸一模)We will never give off, whatever they might do or say about our plan. off→in8．(2016·佳木斯一模)The old man went down all kinds of sufferings during the war. down→through9．Women are playing more and more important part in society —they hold backhalf the sky. back→up介词(短语)[深化认知]一、常见介词的用法1．on＋名词或动名词，表示“一……就……”On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.一到饭店，他就径直往柜台走去，并与柜台后面穿制服的店员说话。
