下载文档原格式
立体发光LED灯片的光学性能研究邹军;李杨;朱伟;陈浩;曲士巍;王艺燃;吴晓枫;林宇杰【摘要】立体发光灯片的关键是在保证光通量的前提下,如何获得均匀的正反面发光.本文对3种荧光粉平面涂覆立体灯片的正面和反面的瞬态和稳态光通量、色温、色品坐标进行了研究,发现直接涂覆荧光粉胶的灯片总的光通量最大,但正反面的发光性能相差很大;在涂覆荧光粉之前先平面涂覆一层硅胶,可获得正反面发光较均匀的灯片;而在该硅胶层内掺杂扩散粉的灯片,不但没有提高灯片的正反面发光均匀度,反而大幅度降低了光通量值.此外,测试3种样品的发光角度,发现其发光角度分布相似,而发光强度与积分球测试的光通量比值相近.结果表明,涂覆荧光粉之前先平面涂覆一层硅胶工艺,既可以保证立体发光灯片具有较大的光通量又可以获得均匀的正反面发光.【期刊名称】《发光学报》【年(卷),期】2015(036)006【总页数】4页(P657-660)【关键词】立体发光;LED灯片;光通量;色温;色品坐标【作者】邹军;李杨;朱伟;陈浩;曲士巍;王艺燃;吴晓枫;林宇杰【作者单位】上海应用技术学院理学院,上海201418;上海应用技术学院材料与工程学院,上海201418;浙江亿米光电科技有限公司,浙江嘉兴314100;浙江亿米光电科技有限公司,浙江嘉兴314100;浙江亿米光电科技有限公司,浙江嘉兴314100;浙江亿米光电科技有限公司,浙江嘉兴314100;浙江亿米光电科技有限公司,浙江嘉兴314100;上海博恩世通光电股份有限公司,上海201108【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O482.31;TN383+.1市场化的LED封装技术为正装芯片通过绝缘胶或银胶固定于凹杯中，通过金线将正负极连接出来，然后再其上点上混有荧光粉的硅胶，点亮后即产生白光。
该产品的缺点有3个[1-2]：(1) 金线受到硅胶热胀冷缩易断；(2) 受到金线弧度影响，混合荧光粉的硅胶形状难以控制，导致荧光粉分布不均匀；(3) 芯片生长于蓝宝石衬底上，芯片厚度约为8 μm，而蓝宝石厚度约为150 μm，芯片热量要通过蓝宝石传导到支架上，路径长且热阻大，散热性能差。
led屏芯片LED屏芯片（LED Display Chip）是指用于驱动LED屏显示的集成电路芯片。
它是将数字信号转换为控制LED点亮的电流信号的关键组件，具有过流保护、灰度控制、亮度调节、扫描控制等功能。
LED屏芯片通常由控制器和驱动器组成。
控制器用于接收来自上游的视频信号，并对信号进行处理、分解，将每个像素点的RGB颜色值转换为对应的电流值。
驱动器则负责通过驱动电路将电流信号传输到对应的LED像素。
LED屏芯片的种类多样，主要包括串行驱动芯片、平行驱动芯片、RGB三合一驱动芯片等。
其中，串行驱动芯片常用于大屏幕显示，具有串行通信功能，可以简化线路结构，减少接线数量。
平行驱动芯片则常用于小屏幕显示，能够实现高刷新率和高灰度控制。
RGB三合一驱动芯片则将红、绿、蓝三个像素点的驱动电路集成到一个芯片中，可以减少组装成本和体积。
LED屏芯片的特点主要有以下几个方面：首先，高集成度。
LED屏芯片具有高度集成的特点，可以实现复杂的图像处理和控制功能，提高显示效果。
其次，高亮度和色彩饱和度。
LED屏芯片能够提供高亮度和丰富的颜色，使得显示效果更加鲜艳生动。
再次，低功耗。
LED屏芯片采用低功耗设计，可以有效降低能耗，延长屏幕的使用寿命。
此外，可靠性和稳定性强。
LED屏芯片具有较高的抗干扰能力和可靠性，能够应对各类环境和工作条件。
最后，易于控制和维护。
LED屏芯片具有直观的控制界面和灵活的参数调节功能，方便用户进行显示内容的设置和调整。
同时，芯片本身也具有自动检测和故障显示功能，便于维护人员进行故障排查和修复。
综上所述，LED屏芯片是LED显示屏中至关重要的组成部分，承担着将数字信号转换为可视化图像的关键任务。
随着科技的进步和技术的不断创新，LED屏芯片将会进一步提升其集成度、亮度、颜色饱和度和稳定性，为用户提供更好的显示效果和使用体验。
为什么要用覆晶LED覆晶焊技术支持的LED光源与传统封装光源相比，具有热阻低，电压低，大电流密度光效高的特点，综合研究表明覆晶LED光源在应用上有其独特的潜力和优势。
优点：（1）、高可靠性,最稳定的SMT锡制程，承受拉力是传统LED的数十倍。
（2）、低热阻(3014热阻为40℃/W,倒裝为5.8℃/W)，高散热性，防止热量过高而烧坏晶片或荧光粉和封装胶。
（3）、无金线可实现多芯片的集成，特别是COB和高压LED灯源。
也有效的避免金线引起的各种风险，比如热膨胀使之断裂，外部冲击波或压力造成金钱断裂等优势。
（4）、导电面积大,内阻小，能承受大电流通过，减少因为内阻大引起的过大热量。
（5）、发光率高，发光角度大等优点。
（6）、封装工艺简化，降低封装成本，高提生产良率。
（7）、低光衰，不因为热引起的快速光衰，从而延长了芯片的寿命，是普通灯具的10倍以上一、结构优势首先，相对于正装和垂直的芯片封装方式，覆晶封装没有金线存在，可以有效避免金线可能引起的各种风险。
下表为硅胶、金线、芯片的热膨胀系数值，其数量级的差距说明了硅胶热膨胀对金线的拉扯会造成可靠性的隐患。
材料热膨胀系数其次，覆晶焊采用金属与金属直接接触的方式，其大电流散热能力比传统封装更好。
如图为传统封装与覆晶封装在散热通道方面的区别，传统正装封装通过蓝宝石和固晶银胶散热，覆晶焊通过金属通道散热，传统封装的蓝宝石和固晶胶成为散热瓶颈。
下表所示的数值为蓝宝石、固晶胶、金属三者在导热系数大小，三者对比明显可以发现覆晶焊金属导热通道的巨大优势。
材料导热系数传统封装光源散热通道覆晶焊封装光源散热通道最后，覆晶焊的封装不存在金线的焊线弧度，能够实现超薄型的平面封装。
传统封装方式金线的拉力仅10g左右，而覆晶焊的接触面推力达到500g以上，覆晶封装可以抵抗一定的表面挤压而不影响LED的光电性能，适合于狭小的应用空间内。
例如手机、摄像机、背光等领域。
同时在多芯片的集成，均能发挥超薄易安装高集成的优势。
LED背光源的CHIP与Package技术发展随着光电子技术的不断进步，LED（Light Emitting Diode）背光源在显示技术中的应用越发广泛。
作为一种绿色、高亮度、低能耗的照明方式，LED背光源在液晶显示器、广告牌、室内照明等领域发挥着重要作用。
其中，CHIP与Package技术的发展是推动LED背光源应用广泛的重要因素。
首先，我们将重点关注LED背光源的CHIP技术方面的发展。
CHIP是LED芯片的核心部分，决定了LED的发光效果与性能。
随着技术的进步，CHIP的发展呈现以下几个主要趋势。
第一，芯片尺寸的不断缩小。
随着半导体工艺的进步，LED芯片的尺寸越来越小。
这不仅使得LED背光源更加薄型化，还能在一定程度上提高LED的亮度和发光效率。
第二，芯片的转形发展。
目前，常见的LED芯片形式有方形、圆形和椭圆形等。
而随着技术的进步，人们正在研究新的形状，如星形、六边形等，以满足不同应用场景对光照均匀度和亮度的要求。
第三，颜色显示范围的扩展。
传统的LED芯片主要发出红、黄、绿、蓝等基本颜色。
而随着技术的进步，人们已经研发出了能够显示更多颜色的RGB（红、绿、蓝）LED芯片，甚至可以实现全彩显示。
这大大扩展了LED背光源的应用范围，满足了人们对颜色显示的各种需求。
接下来，我们将关注LED背光源的Package技术方面的发展。
Package技术是将LED芯片封装起来，以保护芯片并提高外部光的输出效果。
随着技术的发展，Package技术也在不断创新，展现出以下几个主要特点。
首先，封装材料的进步。
以前，LED的封装材料主要是有机玻璃和环氧树脂等，但它们的导光性能相对较差。
而如今，人们已经开发了新的材料，如磷光材料和高导热材料，以提高LED的发光效果和散热性能。
其次，封装技术的多样化。
之前，LED的封装形式主要有DIP（双列直插式）、SMD（表面贴装）、COB（芯片封装）等。
而随着技术的进步，人们已经开发了新的封装技术，如MCPCB（金属基板封装技术）、FCPCB（柔性电路板封装技术）等。
BGA(球栅阵列)和Flip Chip(倒装片)作为当今大规模集成电路的封装形式，逐渐引起电子组装行业的关注，并且已经在不同领域中得到应用。
随着表面安装技术的发展，器件引线间距在不断下降，传统的2.54mm和1.27mm间距的器件渐渐被0. 5mm的细间距器件所替代(图1)，这种趋势持续至今，随之又出现有0.4mm、0.3mm乃至更细间距的表面安装器件。
此外，更先进的封装技术，如自动载带焊(TAB)等，可以使得引线间距降至0.2mm或更细的间距。
随着向超细间距领域的发展，表面安装技术受到了诸如器件间距、引线框架制造精度、设备、材料等各种因素的限制。
在芯片(die)级，为增强器件的功能和性能不得不增加I/O数和硅片的尺寸，对于如此之高的I/O数，如果采用传统形式的标准间距的封装，则器件尺寸势必会相当大，而如果采用较小尺寸的封装形式，则又会引起引线间距的急剧减小。
较大尺寸封装的采用，将会使得器件在PCB上占用的面积增大，而且互联的通道会更长，难免会降低预期的使用性能，况且这些较大尺寸封装的制造并不容易，组装到P CB上的过程也并非如人们所料想的那么简单，对生产产量也会有一定的影响，从而也就增大了整个过程的组装费用。
而对于满足了较大的I/O数，但间距更小的封装，在制造和组装方面也同样存在挑战，因此，电子组装者不得不从封装尺寸、引线间距、可制造性等多方面来考虑，力求寻求更好的封装解决办法。
图1 IC封装发展状况面积阵列封装(area array package)就是一种可以解决上述问题的封装形式，它可以在不牺牲器件可制造性的前提下提高器件的功能和性能。
QFP器件的I/O引出端通常采用向周边走线的形式，而面积阵列封装的I/O引出端则在器件底部呈矩阵分布，I/O数的增大和封装体尺寸的减小是特别明显的，见表1和表2。
表1 封装体尺寸为20mm×20mm的不同间距BGA和QFP的I/O数对比表2 I/O数为300的不同间距BGA和QFP的封装体尺寸对比从这两个表可以看出面积阵列封装在器件功能和封装尺寸方面的优点。
LED modules & LED driversApplication constant voltage, 24 V Homogeneous light from the reel2—For flexible applications—For shops, commercial premises, etc. —Including accent and indirect lighting —For hotels, shops, guest rooms, etc. —Shelf and accent lighting —L inear Furniture lighting Cove lightingGeneral illuminationProfile lightingMain applicationsThe extremely homogeneous 24 V LED module LLE FLEX continuous lighting strip canperform numerous different lighting tasks – from decorative indirect, cove or accent lighting to direct general lighting with light lines. It can also be used in profile lighting.Matching 24 V constant voltage drivers from Tridonic complete the LLE FLEX modules, creating a perfect system solution. The flexible LED strips can be used for a variety of lighting solutions, to meet any demands.3excite (EXC)Matching constant current drivers at a glancepremium (PRE)essence (SNC)PortfolioFlexibleCost effective —Application-related specifications —Focus on core functions —Proven Tridonic quality—Maximum convenience foryour application—Universal input voltage range—Easy to connect —Highest efficiency—Excellent quality of lightfor sophisticated demandsAvailable in three categories – premium (PRE), excite (EXC) and essence (SNC) – the 24 V constant-current drivers are always able to offer the perfect solution. Depending on requirements, the lighting can be dimmed via DALI or an external PMW dimmer orcontrolled wirelessly via the integrated basicDIM Wireless module.Comfortable4NEUexcite (EXC3) + advanced (ADV3)More flexibility and greater efficiency – made in AustriaThe second generation of flexible 24 V lighting strips is waiting, with a new continuous PCB, which is produced using the reel2reel method and does not require any solder points at all. The possibility of making a greater number of more accurate cuts means the design possibilities are practically unlimited.More flexibility. Optimised luminous flux. Maximum design freedom.Constant luminous flux thanks to IC controloptimized solder pads5Advantages of reel2reelMaximum qualityThe continuous substrate is equipped with several control points which immediately detect any irregularities. Defects can thus be reduced to a minimum and easily tracked.Constant luminous fluxThe LLE FLEX module has a wide luminours flux range from 600 to 4,000 lm/m. To keep the luminours flux constant the LED chips were subject to a targeted update and the LED strips provided with an IC control every five centimetres.Individual lengthsGiven the option of making a cut every five or ten centimetres, the LED strip can be individually adapted to any requirement, offering impressivly simple seperability and extremely low light tolerance.At a glance:Module LLE FLEX EXC3: reel2reel—Dimmable 24 V constant voltage strip (SELV)—Extremly narrow pitch distance enables short distanceto diffuser and outstanding homogeneity—Efficacy of the module up to 135 lm/W—Luminous flux range of 600, 1,200, 1,800 and2,500 lm/m, 3,000 lm/m, 4,000 lm/m—Colour temperature 2,700, 3,000, 4,000 and 6,500 K with SDCM 3—High design freedom due to 5 cm cut-options—PCB to PCB and wire to PCB connectors for toolless handling and connection*—reel2reel – No solder joints on the tape, easy to separateand low length tolerancesMacAdam 3Guarantee 5 years Lifetime 50,000 hrs Made in Austria* Valid for a width of 8 mmLED-Module LLE FLEX EXC3Width: 8 mm, 12 mmLuminous flux rangeof 600, 1,200, 1,800 und2,500, 3,000 und 4,000 lm/m6Module LLE FLEX CRI > 90 EXC278excite (EXC2), IP67airGAP TechnologyModule LLE FLEX CRI > 90 IP67 EXC2a i r G A PLuminous flux 600, 1,200, 1,800 lm/mAt a glance:Module LLE FLEX IP67 EXC2—IP67-protected flexible LED strips —Efficiency up to 119 lm/W—airGAP technology for stable colour temperatures without chromaticity colour shift—High design flexibility thanks to 50 mm cutting options —Own connectors and matching accessories —Temperature range: -30 °C to +50 °C—Accessories for easy connection and linking of several modulesMacAdam 3Guarantee 5 yearsLifetime 50.000 hrsProtection class IP67 makes the flexible continuous row partilarly suitable for use in bathroom luminaires and awnings. The innovative airGAP production process has allowed Tridonic to completely eliminate the usual chromaticity colour shift in higher protection classes.This makes LLE FLEX IP67 EXC2 perfect for combining with continuous rows without an IP protection class. The result – a homogeneous lighting effect and uniform colour temperature. The specially developed flat connection systems, comprising connectors, and front and end cap, make handling easy. And the 3M adhesivetape makes installation easy, too.TypeColour- temperature(K)Mac AdamTyp, luminous flux tp = 65 °C 1)(lm/m)CRITyp, powerconsumptiontp = 65 °C 1)(W/m)Luminous efficacy of module tp = 65 °C (lm/W)Order No.LLE FLEX EXC2 6 W9advanced (ADV3)Meter-long third-generation solutionsAt a glance:Module LLE FLEX ADV3 | 8 + 12 mm —reel2reel production in Austria —Efficiency up to 150 lm/W —Cutting option every 100 mm—Constant luminous flux up to 10 metres —Colour rendering CRI > 80MacAdam 3Made in AustriaTypeColour- temperature(K)Mac AdamTyp, luminous flux tp = 65 °C 1)(lm/m)CRITyp, power consumption tp = 65 °C 1)(W/m)Luminous efficacy of module tp = 65 °C (lm/W)Order No.1)Tolerance range for optical data ±15 %; measurement uncertainty ±10 %; Values given for 1 m LLE FLEXModule LLE FLEX CRI > 80 ADV3Guarantee 5 yearsLifetime 50.000 hrsColortemperature: 2,700, 3,000, 4,000 und 6,500 KLuminous flux: 600, 1,200, 1,800,2,500, 3,000, 4,000 lm/m8 mm Width: 600, 1,200, 1,800, 2,500 lm/m12 mm Width: 3,000, 4,000 lm/mThe third generation of the advanced LED strips (ADV3) enables meter-long solutions with uniformly high luminous flux. Manufactured using the reel2reel process, LLE FLEX ADV3 has absolutely no soldering points.The module can also be precisely cut at every ten centimetres, creating high design flexibility. A chip upgrade has made the LLE FLEX ADV3 extremely efficient. The IC control ensures that the colour stability remains constant even over large stretches.10essence (SNC2)A simple solution for decorative lightingAt a glance:Module LLE FLEX SNC2—Flexible LED strips—Efficiency up to 133 lm/W—Maximum design flexibility thanks to 50 mm cutting options—Light point intervals of 8.3 mm enables highly homogeneous light —CRI > 80—Easy installation using 3M thermal adhesive tape on different surfaces —PCB to PCB and cable to PCB connectors for tool-free operation and connectionLED-Modul LLE FLEX SNCThe dimmable 24 V LED light strip of the essence category (SNC2) combines solid performance with an attractive price. The cutting options every 50 millimetres open up great design scope, which is particularly beneficial for decorative lighting applications suchModule LLE FLEX CRI80 SNCMacAdam 3Guarantee 5 yrsLifetime 50.000 hrsas façade, cove or indirect ceiling lighting. Different luminous fluxes and colour temperatures offer additional flexibility. Thanks to the sophisticated mounting concept, LLE FLEX SNCcan be attached to a variety of surfaces without tools.TypeColour- temperature(K)Mac AdamTyp. luminous flux tp = 65 °C 1)(lm/m)CRITyp. power consumption tp = 65 °C 1)(W/m)Luminous efficacy of module tp = 65 °C (lm/W)Order No.LLE FLEX SNC, 600 lm11Module LLE FLEXpremium (PRE)Dynamic lighting solutions with Tunable WhiteAt a glance:Module LLE FLEX 24 V Tunable White PRE —Flexible 24 V constant-voltage LED strip —Efficiency up to 126 lm/W —Module size: 8 x 5,000 mm—Colour temperature: Tunable White (2,700 to 6,500 Kelvin) —Luminous flux: 2,595 lm/m—Manufactured in Austria using the reel2reel process —Service life up to 72,000 hoursWith the flexible LED strip in the premium (PRE) category, high-quality lighting solutions can be realised that create atmospheric and individual colour accents.The Tunable White version of the dimmable LLE FLEX module covers all colour temperatures between 2,700 and 6,500 Kelvin. As it can be cut every 7.5 centimetres, it also offers a high degree of flexibility in terms of design. This is complemented by excellent homogeneity, which is due in particular to the small pitch distances. The very good colour rendering of CRI 90 ensures that colours and materials appear absolutely authentic. Thanks to the reel2reel production process, the LED strip does not require any solder joints. With the self-adhesive tape on the back, the module can be attached to different surfaces without much effort.Module LLE FLEX 24 V TW PREModule LLE FLEX 24 V TW PRETypeColour- temperature(K)Mac AdamExpected luminous flux at tp = 65 °CCRIPowerconsumption Pon at tp = 25 °CLuminous efficacy of module tp = 65 °C (lm/W)Order No.Tolerance of useful light flux - 0 % / + 20 %; Measurement uncertainty + 10 %; Values given for 52.5 cm LLE FLEX 2)Tolerance of power consumption Pon + 15 %; Measurement uncertainty + 5 %; Values given for 52.5 cm LLE FLEX12Solution with 24 V constant current driverThe user communicates via 4remote BT app or user interface with the basicDIM wireless modules, which passes the information via the constant voltage 24 V drivers to the LED module.Solution with basicDIM Wireless integrated 24 V constant current driver Thanks to the premium (PRE) driver series with integrated basicDIM Wireless technology, luminaires can be constructed with even greater ease.The Casambi Ready basicDIM Wireless control technology allows versatile and professional interaction with all luminaires within an area – fully intuitive and with no additional wiring required.The basis for the wireless light management is found in the luminaire with the LED module, a 24 V constant voltage or DALI driver and one of the basicDIM Wireless modules. The control profiles are saved during the luminaire production stage. Users can choose whether to control the lighting using the 4remote BT App or via the user interface. Up to 250 light points can be conveniently controlled via Bluetooth: switching on and off as well as dimming functions are just as simple as grouping luminaires and creating lighting settings. Tunable White luminaires change their colour temperature to suit the user and the direct and indirect light content are simple to adjust. All the elements for integrating sensors are also in place.basicDIM WirelessHassle-free wirelessThe intuitive path towards wireless luminaire communicationAt a glance:basicDIM Wireless driver constant voltage PRE (CV)—Dimmable 24 V constant voltage LED driver for flexible constant voltage strips—Small design with streched-compact strain relief—basicDIM Wireless enables different dimming options 1 to 100 % —Nominal life-time up to 50,000 h, 5-year guaranteeThe advantages of drivers with integrated basicDIM Wireless technologyWith premium (PRE) series drivers, just one device needs to be installed for each luminaire, saving a huge amount of space. Since no additional wiring is required, costs are reduced significantly, too.Easy-to-dim LLE FLEX continuous rowThe constant voltage (CV) basicDIM Wireless module is the ideal solution when you want to add a dimming function to existing accent lighting consisting of LED light lines without undertaking structural measures. Combined with non-dimmable 24 V CV drivers, an individual control module can dim up to four LLE FLEX module strips.At a glance:basicDIM Wireless Modul PMW constant voltage (CV) 4CH —Can be combined with 24 V constant voltage drivers and applications —Input voltage: 12 – 24 V—Up to 4 LLE FLEX tapes together —FCC and UL listed version available13LCA 100W 24V one4all lp PRELCA 35 W/60 W/100 W/150 W 24V one4all SC PRELC 35 W /60 W/100 W/200 W 24V SC SNCLC 35 W/60 W/100 W 24V lp SNCLC 24 V IP6735 W, 75 W, 100 W, 200 WAt a glance:LCU 35–180W 24V EXC —Constant-voltage LED driver 24 V —Wide input voltage range (108–305 V) —Not dimmable—Small cross-section for a wide range of applications —Long lifetime of up to 50,000 hours —5-year guaranteeAt a glance:LCA 35 W/60 W/100W/150W 24V one4all SC PRE —Constant-voltage LED driver 24 V—Dimming via one4all (DALI DT 6, DSI, switchDIM, corridorFUNCTION) and ready2mains interface —Stretched Compact housing with strain relief to pin —Type of protection IP20—Long lifetime of up to 50,000 hours —5-year guarantee At a glance: LC 35 W/60 W/100 W/200 W SC SNC —Constant-voltage LED driver 24 V —Dimmable via PWM LED dimmers—Dimmable by means of bDW CW modules—Stretched Compact housing with strain relief to pin —Type of protection IP20—Meets the IEC 60335-1 safety standard for household appliances —Long lifetime of up to 50,000 hours —5-year guaranteeAt a glance: LC 35 W/60 W/100 W 24V lp SNC —Constant-voltage LED driver 24 V —Dimmable via PWM LED dimmers —Dimmable bDW CW Module—Slim Linear low profile form-factor —Type of protection IP20—Long lifetime of up to 50,000 hours —5-year guaranteeAt a glance:LC 24 V IP67 EXC—24 V constant current driver for rooms at risk of humidity —rooms and outdoor areas—Cast metal housing with cable for primary and secondary side —Universal voltage: 90-305 V —Efficiency up to 90 % —IP-protected14At a glance:LC 60 W / 100 W 24V (0-10V) lp SNC UNV —Constant voltage LED driver —Universal input voltage range —Class 2 —Type HL—UL Listed Class P —FCC Part 15—Max. output power 60 W + 100 W —Dimmable via 0 ... 10 V (incl. stand-by)—Nominal life-time up to 50,000 h (at ta 45 °C) —5-year guaranteeLC 60 W/100 W 24 V 0-10 V lp SNC UNVMatching LED driverLED driverOrder No.Order information basicDIM Wireless15Perfect system solutions48 V system solutions for flexible 48 V LED stripsAt a glance: LC 35W/60W/100W 48V one4all NF SC EXC —Dimmable, DALI-2 certified driver with 48 V constant voltage—lumDATA (luminaire data, energy report, diagnosis and maintenance)—Can be used as luminaire recessed or independent LED driver with snap-on strain relief —Dimming range: 1–100—one4all interface ((DALI-2, DSI, switchDIM, corridorFUNCTION) —fade2zero function—Simple configuration via NFC interfaceLC 35W 48V one4all NF SC EXCAt a glance: LC 60W/100W 48V one4all NF lp EXC —Dimmable, DALI-2 certified driver with 48 V constant voltage—lumDATA (luminaire data, energy report, diagnosis and maintenance) —Slim low-profile housing —Dimming range: 1–100—one4all interface ( DALI-2, DSI, switchDIM, corridorFUNCTION) —fade2zero function—Simple configuration via NFC interfaceAt a glance: Driver LC 35W 48V one4all NF h16 EXC —Dimmable, DALI-2 certified driver with 48 V constant voltage—lumDATA (luminaire data, energy report, diagnosis and maintenance)—Slim housing with a height of only 16 mm —Dimming range: 1–100—one4all interface ( DALI-2, DSI, switchDIM, corridorFUNCTION) —fade2zero function—Simple configuration via NFC interfaceLC 35W 48V one4all NF h16 EXCLC 60W 48V one4all NF lp EXC16LLE FLEX 8x5000 EXCModul LLE FLEXexcite (EXC), 48 voltEven longer solutions with constant luminous fluxAt a glance: LLE FLEX 48 V excite —Dimmable 48 V constant voltage LED strip for use on aluminium profiles and decorative lighting such as cove or accent lighting —10 meter reel with 6,25cm cut option for high freedom of design—Module efficiency up to 163 lm/W—Colour rendering: CRI > 80 and CRI > 90 (on demand) —Self-adhesive 3M tape on the back for easy mounting on different surfaces—Manufactured in Austria using the reel2reel processCompared to the 24-volt version of LLE FLEX excite (EXC), the LED light strip with 48-volt constant voltage enables twice as long lighting solutions with a consistently high luminous flux. The 48-volt version is therefore particularly advantageous whenlarger distances are to be illuminated. In this case, the flexible light strip not only provides optimal light, but at the same timereduces installation and wiring effort.Overview LLE FLEX 48 V EXCMacAdam 3Made in AustriaGuarantee 5 yearsLifetime 60.000 hrsPresent worldwideAUSTRALIATridonic Australia Pty Ltd2/7 Millner AveHorsley Park, NSW 2175AustraliaT +61 2 9832 6600F +61 2 9832 6688*******************AUSTRIATridonic GmbH & Co KG (Headquarters)Färbergasse 156851 Dornbirn, AustriaT +43 5572 395-0F +43 5572 20176******************Tridonic GmbH & Co KGSales AustriaArchenweg 586022 Innsbruck, AustriaT +43 512 3321 554F +43 512 3321 995554***************************** CHINATridonic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Headquarters)Room 602, Buliding B Zhongshan International Plaza No. 789 Tianshan Road Shanghai, 200335, ChinaT +86 21 52400 599F +86 21 52400 230******************Tridonic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Beijing BranchRoom 1207, No. 3, Yard 1Tian Xin Street,Fang Shan DistrictBeijing, 102446, ChinaT +86 10 6522 6163F +86 10 6522 7003******************Tridonic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Guangzhou BranchRoom 505, R & F Profit Plaza76 Huangpu Xi Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou, 510623, ChinaT +86 20 3839 2483F +86 20 3839 2482******************FRANCETridonic France SARL8 Rue de BruxellesZI Krafft67150 Erstein, FranceT +33 3 88 59 62 70F +33 3 88 59 62 75www.tridonic.fr************************GERMANYTridonic Deutschland GmbHEdisonallee 189231 Neu-UlmGermanyT +49 731 176629-0F +49 731 176629-15www.tridonic.de*********************************ITALYTridonic Italia srlVia G. Savelli, 8635129 PadovaItalyT +39 049 89 45 127www.tridonic.it***************************KOREATridonic Korea LLCMark Kim#808 HanHwa BizMetro II551-24 Yangcheon-roGangseo-gu SeoulRepublic of Korea (South)T +82 10 9922 3878www.tridonic.kr*********************MALAYSIATridonic Malaysia Sdn BhdV03-10-01 Designer Office,Lingkaran SV,Sunway Velocity, Cheras55100 Kuala LumpurMalaysiaT +60 3 2733 6484T +60 3 2733 6485******************MIDDLE EASTTridonic Middle East (FZE)Warehouse LB 4 Blue Shed Area,JAFZA North, Jebel AliP.O. Box 17972Dubai, United Arab EmiratesT +971 4 8833 664F +971 4 8833 665www.tridonic.ae*****************************NEW ZEALANDTridonic New ZealandPO Box 71134, RosebankAuckland 134827 Jomac Place, AvondaleAuckland 1026T +64 9820 1119F +64 9820 4471*****************.nzPOLANDTridonic Rep. Office PolandPoland****************************PORTUGALTridonic Portugal, Unipessoal Lda.Rotunda EngenheiroEdgar Cardoso, 23, piso 8Vila Nova de Gaia 4400-676PortugalT +351 938 448 467*******************SINGAPORETridonic S. E. A. Pte Ltd158 Kallang Way#06-02349245 SingaporeSingaporeT +65 6749 9071F +65 6293 3700******************SOUTH AFRICATridonic SA (Pty) LtdUnit A7, Centurion Business ParkCnr. Bosmansdam Road &Democracy WayMilnerton, SA, 7441South AfricaT +27 21 110 5687*****************SPAINTridonic Iberia, S.L.Calle Carpinteros nº 8, 2a28670 Villaviciosa de OdónSpainT +34 916 162 095www.tridonic.es*******************SWITZERLANDTridonic AGObere Allmeind 28755 EnnendaSwitzerlandT +41 55 645 4747www.tridonic.ch*****************************TURKEYTridonic Aydınlatma TİC.LTD. ŞTİ.Kemankeş Mah., Necatibey cad.Akçe Sok., Akçe Han 1034420 Karaköy / BeyoğluIstanbul, TurkeyT +90 212 244 78 05F +90 212 244 78 06******************UNITED KINGDOMTridonic UK LimitedUnit 5 CherrywoodChineham Business ParkStag Oak Lane, ChinehamRG24 8WF BasingstokeHampshireUnited KingdomT +44 1256 374300*************************USATridonic Inc. USA3300 Route 9WHighland, NY 12528United States*********************|******************0 3 / 2 2 S u b j e c t t o c h a n g e w i t h o u t n o t i c e . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n e x c e p t e d .。
LED 术语和实际应用指南倒装芯片安装（flip
在底板上直接安装芯片的方法之一。
连接芯片表面和底板时，并不是像引线键合一样那样利用引线连接，而是利用阵列状排列的，名为焊点的突起状端子进行连接。
与引线键合相比，可减小安装面积。
另外，由于布线较短，还具有电特性优异的特点。
主要用于对小型和薄型具有较高要求的便携产品电路以及重视电特性的高频电路等。
另外为了将芯片发出的热量容易地传递到底板上，需要解决发热问题的LED 也有采用这种安装技术的。
将LED 芯片收纳于封装中时如果采用倒装芯片技术，发光层（发热源）距离封装一侧就较近。
因此，容易将LED 芯片的热量散发到封装侧。
另外，采用倒装芯片安装方法安装LED 芯片的话，发光层的光射出外部时不会受到电极的遮蔽。
尤其是采用蓝宝石底板的蓝色LED 等只在LED 芯片一面设置电极的产品，其效果更为明显。
通过倒装芯片安装的LED 的发光效率，与采用引线键合的安装相比，可提高数十％。
用于LSI 时可削减芯片面积
倒装芯片安装多用于LSI。
原因是由于芯片整体拥有输入输出（I/O）端子，由此可缩小芯片面积。
以前，采用通常使用的引线键合方法时，I/O 端子在芯片周围，为了备齐所需的I/O 数量，必须扩大芯片面积。
倒装芯片安。
