上海市建平中学、交通大学附属中学2017届高三上学期周练英语试题

第I 卷I. Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A reporter B. An athlete. C. A fisherman D. A teacher.2. A. The chairs didn’t need to be painted.B. He didn’t like the color of the chairsC. The park could have avoided the problemD. The woman should have been more careful.3. A. Formal clothing is preferred.B. The man is doing a decent jobC. The dress code always goes wrong.D. Wearing a dress won’t be a wrong choice4. A. The heavy rain destroyed the building.B. The floor quality was not satisfyingC. The woman was a repairmanD. The wet floor had something to do with the roof5. A. The postman is knocking at the man’s doorB. The Greens are packaging for a travel.C. The Greens are not at homeD. The woman is expecting a postman6. A. In a restaurant. B. At a market C. At home D. At a steak counter.7. A. Their son’s health B. Their son’s studies.C. Their son’s schoolD. Their son’s bed.8. A. Classmates B. Student and teacher.C. Parent and childD. Colleagues.9. A. The man did not trust the doctorB. The man took the medicine three times a day.C. The medicine the men took wasn’t effective.D. The man didn’t follow the doctor’s instructions.10. A. Urge Jenny to spend more time on her study.B. Help Jenny to prepare for the coming exams.C. Talk with Jenny’s teacher.D. Send Jenny to a volleyball training center.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She cou ldn’t find her books.B. She heard the author shouting loud.C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.D. She saw the author’s shoes beneath her bed.12. A. Because she was scared by Kate’s anger.B. Because she hated herself for being so messy.C. Because she wanted to show her care.D. Because she was asked by Kate to do so.13. A. My Friend Kate.B. Hard Work Pays OffC. How to Be Organized.D. Learning to Be Roommates.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It serves as a suitable gift.B. It works as an effective medicine.C. It helps improve the state of mindD. It strengthens business relations15. A. He knows the importance of researchB. He learns from shops of similar types.C. He has the support of many big names.D. He has a lot of marketing big names.16. A. The Cocoa Series B. The Foreign Series.C. The Alcohol Series.D. The Sichuan Series.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear conversation, you are required to fill in the rumbaed blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.17. How will they get to the airport for the trip?A. They will book a taxi on the phone.B. They will go by bus and then walk there.C. The company will send them there by car.D. Their colleagues will give them a ride.18. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. The trip will last seven days.B. Some terrorist have been arrestedC. Living expenses in London is highD. London’s security issue is a primary concern19. On receiving your report of the lost credit card, what will your card issuer do first?A. Reduce the credit limit to a lower amount.B. Report your missing credit card to the police.C. File your missing credit care for further reference.D. Suspend the use of credit card immediately20. According to the conversation, which of the following is the best protection against theft?A. Never putting your card in a locker.B. Taking cash instead of credit cards while travelingC. Keeping your credit card free from potential danger.D. Staying in frequent contact with the card issuer.11. Grammar and Vocabulary(10%)Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, full in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fills each black.请同学们将答案填写在答题纸最后一部分的语法栏内。

2017年9月建平中学高三开学考II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression ___21___ nurses are there to wait on the position.As nurses, we ____22_____ (license) to provide nursing care only. We provide health teaching, and physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient-related services and make all our nursing decisions based upon what is ___23___(good) or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that a physician’s order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility ____24____(question) that order, or refuse to carry it out.Nursing is not a nine-to-five job __25__ every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that ___26___ they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, __27__ occurs due to hard working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives and disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, isolating us from everything __28__ job-related friends and activities.The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates because experienced nurses finally give up __29___(try) to change the system. If trends continue as ___30__(predict), they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new inexperienced and sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only bebetween adults and their freedom-craving kids.Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turnedhelicopter parenting. Social media and smart phones apps have become so popular in recent years.第1页/ 共11页the potential dangers that youth might face---from violent strangers to cruel peers.Rather than helping teens develop strategies for discussing public life and the potential risks ofhelp teens develop the skills they need to manage complex social situations, assess risks and get help when they’re in trouble. It gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.neighborhoods wereurban theorist Jane Jacobs used to argue that the safestcommunication. FamedThe same is true online.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When is an occupation a profession? There appears to no absolute definition, but only __41_ ways of looking at the issue, from historical, cultural, sociological, moral, political or philosophical perspectives. It is often said that professions are elites(精英) who undertake specialized, selfless work, according to moral codes and that their work is _42__ by examination and a license to practice. In _43__, however, they request complete control over a body of knowledge, freedom to practice, special rewards and higher financial and economic _44__.The public needs experts and higher specialist advice, but because this advice is specialized they are not in a position to __45__ what advice they need: this has to be defined in conversation with the professional. Professional judgement could be __46__ with client(委托人) satisfaction since the latter cannot then be “the chief measure of whether the professional has acted in a trustworthy fashion.” Professional elites have __47__ potential; to export their power and reputation for economic goals; to allow research for the __48__ theoretical knowledge to become an end in itself; to lose sight of client well-being in the continuing split of specialist knowledge.The higher a profession’s social status the more freedom it enjoys. Therefore, an occupation wanting to maintain or improve its status will try to keep as much an occupation __49__ as possible over its own affairs. As in so many other areas, socio-culture change has affected the professions considerably in recent years. Market forces and social pressures have focused professionals to be more __50__ about their modes of practice. In addition, information technology has enables the __51__ to become much better informed, and therefore more demanding. Moreover, developing in professional knowledge itself have forced a greater degree of specialization on experts, who constantly have to _52___ and do research to maintain their position.Self-regulation then becomes an even more thing for a profession to maintain er extend. But in第2页/ 共11页whose __53__? Is self-regulation used to enable a profession to properly practise without __54__ interference, or is it used to maintain the status of the profession for its own ends? Or is it used to protect clients by appropriately __55__ those who have broken professional norms, or to protect the public image of the profession by concealing evidences that would damage it?41.A. fair B. normal C. different D. separate42.A. guaranteed B. measured C. completed D. continued43.A. return B. comparison C. conclusion D. fact44.A. importance B. status C. influence D. certificate45.A. discover B. accept C. realize D. know46.A. competing B. disagreeing C. contrasting D. mixing47.A. negative B. creative C. significant D. wasted48.A. necessary B. abstract C. basic D. background49.A. independence B. control C. limitation D. value50.A. definite B. formal C. open D. personal51.A. public B. followers C. audience D. consumers52.A. resign B. recover C. retrain D. resist53.A. interests B. ideas C. proposals D. instructions54.A. legal B. logical C. unlike D. unsuitable55.A. examining B. separating C. resetting D. discipliningSection BAThe Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.第3页/ 共11页A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effects.56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output becauseA. the workers experienced less eyestrain in a dark working placeB. the workers had to pay 1nore attention to what they were doingC. the workers knew they were being observed, and this motivated themD. the 11'orkers in the experiment were paid more than other workers57. The pattern of organization of the second paragraph isA. list of itemsB. time orderC. definition and exampleD. cause and effect58. The Hawthorne experiment suggests thatA. workers' attitudes are more important than their environmentB. social scientists are good workersC. productivity in electric plants tends to be lowD even those who were not y the experiment improved their productivity59. The author’s main purpose isA. To explain the Hawthorne effectB. to prove the importance of researchC. to amuse with a surprising experimentD. to suggest ideas for future researchBJoin IMDb and Become a Founding Supporter of the Academy Museum of Motion PicturesThe Academy of Motion Pictures & Sciences is building the world's leading movie museum in the heart of Los Angeles. The Academy Museum of Motion pictures, scheduled to open in 2017, will contain six stories of state-of-the-art galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters and educational areas. Through groundbreaking exhibitions and innovative programming, the Museum will explore how Hollywood and the film industry have shaped culture and creativity around the world. Designed by Renzo Piano, the Academy Museum will be located next to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) campus in the landmarked Wilshire May Company Building.To help ensure this long-held dream of the Academy becomes a reality, the Academy has launched a $300 million fundraising campaign, led by Bob Iger, Annette第4页/ 共11页Bening and Tom Hanks. We hope you can join IMDb and the Academy Museum's community of early supporters by making a gift to the campaign today. Or, sign up for the Academy Museum mailing list to hear about upcoming museum events and developments.Donate NowHelp make move history and join in elite group of supporters, including IMDb, by making your contribution today.To see a full list of the Academy Museum founding supporters, click here. If you would like to make a donation or learn more about naming opportunities, please contact Christine Joyce Rodriguez, Manager of Annual Giving, at Christine. Rodriguez@ or 310 247 304060. The Academy of Motion Pictures is locatedA. in the downtown area of Los AngelesB. in the suburb of the city of Los AngelesC. in the Los Angeles County Museum of ArtD. in the centre of Wilshire May Company61. The Academy of Motion Pictures will focus onA. the exhibition of film equipmentB. the impact of film industry on world cultureC. the popularity of Hollywood movie cultureD. the achievements of American galleries and theatres62. The passage is intended to .A. promote the Academy Museum and make movie historyB. arouse people's interest in the Academy MuseumC. raise enough money for the Academy MuseumD. help realize the Academy Museum founding supporters’ dreamsCTo live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf’s declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until human use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to第5页/ 共11页blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who declare that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting impact on society.63. Why does the author give the examples of the challenger and Chernobyl?A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.B. To stress the author’s concern about the safety of complex technology.C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technology is likely to make an error64. What does the phrase “went haywire” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. were out of rangeB. went out of dateC. fell out of useD. got out of control65. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly becauseA. the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB. the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC. it has helped to switch to an information technologyD. it has a great potential impact on society66. In the passage, the author clearly shows hisA. keen insight into the nature of technology第6页/ 共11页B. sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC. thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD. comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technologySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Picture two accountants alerted to suspicious entries in the books. The first takes the violation seriously. The second thinks it’s not a big deal. Who has more power? _____67_____ Powerful people break the rules—therefore, breaking rules makes one seem more powerful.“In its modest form, rule breaking is actually healthy,” says Zhen Zhang of Arizona State University. He found that relatively minor violations during adolescence—damaging property, playing hooky—predicted an admired occupation: entrepreneur.When young men, in particular, take risks that succeed, testosterone levels surge. The hormone may underlie the “winner effect,” say researchers John Coates and Joe Herbert of the University of Cambridge, who tracked the hormonal activity of stock option traders (again, all male) over their good and bad days in the market._____68_____But at a certain point, risk taking can become illogical. This can cause “ethical numbing(道德麻木).” Consider Steve Jobs: As Apple grew, so did lawsuits against it, like those over patents.Being wealthy has a moral effect on both genders. Studies have found that the $150,000-plus-per-year set was four times as likely to cheat as those making less than $15,000 a year when playing a game to win $50. The rich didn’t stop for pedestrians at a crosswalk nearly as often as less-wealthy drivers. ______69_______That’s because environment—not personality—encourage rule breaking, argues Andy Yap, a behavioral scientist. Yap and his colleagues asked volunteers to sit in an SUV-size driver’s seat versus a crowded one or an executive-size office space versus a cubicle(小隔间) and then tested their responses to various moral evens. ______70_______第7页/ 共11页IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’re got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”第II卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 在公园里玩耍的孩子们让老人想起了他快乐的童年。

上海交通大学附属中学2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语10月月考出卷人：陈宇杨珺洁审卷人：程姌（满分150分，答案一律写在网上阅卷答题纸上）I. Listening Comprehension (25’)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It was moving. B. It was boring.C. It was more interesting than TV programs.D. It was horrible.2. A. 85 dollars. B. 55 dollars. C. 80 dollars. D. 70 dollars.3. A. Her doctor. B. Her husband. C. Her boss. D. Her secretary.4. A. At the luggage claim area. B. At the boarding gate.C. At the reception desk.D. At the Customs.5. A. The library is generally locked on Friday afternoon.B. Something unusual happened in the library on Friday.C. The library should never be locked.D. The man doesn’t have a key to the library.6. A. He came to the meeting. B. He planned the meeting.C. He had no idea about the meeting.D. He hasn’t come to the meeting yet.7. A. Jewels. B. Books C. Shaver. D. Souvenirs.8. A. Buy a new motocycle.B. Buy a second motorcycle.C. Save money for a long time.D. Buy a used motocycle.9. A. In the apartment. B. On the phone.C. In the office.D. Out of the apartment.10. A. Alex works very hard.B. Alex’s pay will be raised next month.C. The woman is unhappy about Alex’s salary.D. Alex will get 3,100 dollars next month.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Toothbrush. B. Wood. C. Peg. D. Metal.12. A. Because they could make beautiful keys.B. Because they wore some of their keys as rings.C. Because they designed locks and keys that were better at preventing thieves.D. Because they were invited by kings to design castle keys.13. A. By using smartphone apps. B. By using traditional metal keys.C. By using electronic keycards.D. By facial recognition.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They hope to portray the coming date as the trigger of a worldwide disaster.B. They hope to hinder the nation’s $70 billion tourism industry.C. They hope to promote 2012 as the year of the tourist.D. They hope to make the rounds in their northern neighbor.15. A. Hollywood stars. B. Their northern neighbor.C. Old and wealthy Mexicans.D. Old and wealthy Americans.16. A. The Hollywood blockbuster 2012 depicts the doomsday as the spark of a global calamity.B. The Mexican government hopes that the doomsday will boost its tourism industry.C. The Mexican government has urged tourists to visit archaeological sites.D. The Mayan doomsday will bring growth and prosperity to the world.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear one longer conversation, and you will be asked four questions on it. The conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 17 and 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The Thanksgiving party. B. Gary’s farewell party.C. Eating out in a restaurant.D. Sending invitations.18. A. Oct.21st. B. Oct. 28th. C. Oct. 25th. D. Oct.26th.19. A. A book. B. Flowers. C. Dictionaries. D. A football.20. A. Gary. B. The class teacher.C. The classmates.D. The headmaster.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30’)Section A (20*1’=20’)Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had wanted a beautiful sports car in a dealer’s showroom, and (21) __________ (know) his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day came near, the young man expected signs (22) __________ his father had bought the gift. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his own study, and told him how proud he was (23) __________ (have) such a fine son and how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious and somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely leather (24) __________ (bind) Bible, with the young man’s name written in gold. Angry, he raised his voice to his father, and said, “With all your money you give me a Bible?” and stormed (25) ________ ________ the house.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, (26) __________ realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to see him. However, (27) __________ he could make arrangements, he received a telegram (28) __________ (tell) him his father had passed away and willed all of his possessions to his son. When he arrived at his father’s, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still new gift-wrapped Bible, just as he (29) __________ (leave) it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. His father had carefully underlined a verse, Mathew 7-11, “And if you, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more shall your Heavenly Father, which is in Heaven, give to those who ask Him?”As he read those words, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag, which (30) __________ (read) the date of his graduation and the words: PAID IN FULL.(B)The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water.(31) __________ 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. (32) __________ the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries (33) __________ (experience) constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. (34) __________valleys are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to (35) ________ ________. Each country (36) __________ therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water (37) __________ (result) in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provides water (38) __________ farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use is being poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts (39) __________ (grow) wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping (40) __________ (see) them run dry.Section B (10*1’=10’)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beA wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to 41 an epidemic of crimes. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A significant 42 is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is r esponsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to 43 accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to oblige themselves to do so. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less ef fective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not 44 --- they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are 45 . Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you 46 him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in 47 . Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with 48 guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally 49 circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless 50 where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.III. Reading Comprehension (15’+22’+8’=45’)Section A (15*1’=15’)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although this is a rather shocking statistics, it should not 51 anyone who has seen the beautiful doggy bedroom or the quiet shady groves where loved pets rest. It is possible that Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are 52 to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or, at least, are 53 less nutritious. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, 54 veterinary (兽医的) bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel 55 with this when one considers what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is 56 for me to get hot under the collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog home.There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 57 . They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies---a disease with no known cure---that has made the English government impose strict 58 on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently 59 a number of homeless dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourist immediately wrote letters to the newspapers 60 about mass murder.Another problem is the 61 of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually pester their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just 62 it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not 63 at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.64 , I would only suggest that we have got our 65 wrong and that something should be done about it.51. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest52. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available53. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally54. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather than55. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned D. unsatisfied56. A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous D. essential57. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common58. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D. restrictions59. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed D. drove60. A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D. complaining61. A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation C. expectation D. kindness62. A. isolate B. scold C. desert D. bind63. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving64. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile65. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. prioritySection B (11*2’=22’)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meals are the fou ndation of the family,” says Carole Couniban, a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthen ing family ties.”Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and eat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day, the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.66.What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.67.What does the underlined phrase "cultural metabolism" refer to?A.Evolutionary adaptation.B.Changes in lifestyle.C.Social progress.D.Pace of life.68. What does the author think of the food people eat today?A.Its quality is usually guaranteed.B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C.It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.D.Its production depends too much on technology.69.What does the author say about Italians of the old days?A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.B.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C.They ate three meals regularly every day.D.They were expert at cooking meals.70. John, who is a SentosaPLAYPass holder, needn’t pay for the activities EXCEPT ______.A. Storytelling Comes AliveB. Art Excursion at SentosaC. Boogie with Captain PalawanD. Storytelling at Underwater World Singapore71. Which of the following statements is true?A. Boogie with Captain Palawan is an activity that happens daily.B. Denise Tan will share her stories at Images of Singapore Forecourt.C. Storytelling Comes Alive is recognized globally for its engaging content.D. You will win prizes if you spend at least $40 in a single receipt at Sentosa.72. On a Saturday at 2pm, Mr Smith and his family want to buy the Sentosa Play Pass. He shouldgo to ______.A. Bugis stationB. Somerset stationC. any TransitLink ticket officeD. any Sentosa ticketing office(C)I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession (难以破除的成见) surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency--the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land-- will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management--and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure (基础设施), especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers. I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops--not just because we'd worry less about bias(偏见), but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities(实体) working to harness(掌控) genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like corn. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be against it--and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the。

上海中学高三周考II.Grammar (10’)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.A great deal ofattention(1) (pay)todaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--the divisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopooratpresent.Andthatdivide doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwas (2) (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work againstthedigitaldivide. There are reasons to beoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.(3)theInternetbecomesmoreandmorec ommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalize access-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmore governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on theplanet(4) (net) together. Asa result, I now believe the digital divide willnarrow(5) widen in theyearsahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6) well be the most powerfultoolfor combating world poverty that we've everhad.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(7) (take)advantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetover their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)stillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymight well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United Statesbuilt(9) industrial infrastructure, itdidn'thave the capital to do so. And thatis(10) America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreigninvestment.III.Vocabulary(10’)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.I’ma50-somethingmale,thefatherof twomostlygrowngirls.I’mhappytosaythatboth my parents are still kicking. I’m on good 1 with my brothers and sisters most of the time. Iamblessedwithgoodfriendsandotherrelations,andtendtogetonwellwithmyco-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone Iknow.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 2 . It simply doesn’t come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 3 than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 4 desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.Afteryearsofpsychotherapyandtheobsessive (强迫症) self-examinationcommontomy generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object ofour 5 . Mama was driven to 6 , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 7 for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I 8 for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she 9 me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That’s OK," I reckoned, "I can get by w ithout it". "it" being her love.Youcanimaginethesiblingrivalryinabigfamily.EventuallyItookhaveninthewrittenword to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 10 to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty muchempty.IV.Cloze(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.A true story of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble 1 can be dangerous.Forexample,eightyearsintothisbullmarketexpectingstockstodeliveras-strongreturnsoverthenext decadeis an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless 2.Another potential3 assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. By4, less than 15 percent of today’s retirees kept working that long.―If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble,‖ says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. ―It should be a complement to a solid savings and spending plan, not the 5.‖It’s simply too6 to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica CenterforRetirementStudiesfoundthatnearlytwo-thirdsofretireeslefttheworkforceearlierthanexpectedbecause they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percentofretireeswho 7theworkforceearlierthantheyexpecteddidsobecausetheyfelttheycould8 afford to.9, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year costto a firm when an employee 10 retirement: $50,000.Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can11 overall workforce costsby 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That’s not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers maybe more inclined to focus on ―financial wellness‖ strategies to get workers ready to retire12 than programsto help workers delay retirement.Fewerthanone-thirdofemployeessurveyedbyTCRSreporttheiremployerhassomesortof―transition‖ program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or 13 to a differentrole.―Workers’ vision of retirement is changing faster than employers’ business14,‖ said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase that 15 they can continue to work longer, if that’s part of the plan.1. A. pessimism B. optimism C. concern D. consideration2. A. relying on B. casting on C. accounting on D.falling on3. A. reliable B. possible C. flawed D. unlikely4. A. contrary B. compromise C. compliment D. contrast5. A. foundation B. basement C. founding D. construction6. A. ridiculous B. sensible C. risky D. logical7. A. extended B. exited C. existed D.remained8. A. economically B. mentally C. financially D.physically9. A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover10. A. delays B. expects C. gets D. decides11. A. decrease B. influence C. increase D.transform12. A. later B. sooner C. faster D. slower13. A. shifting B. altering C. ranging D. functioning14. A. deals B. practices C. customs D. operations15. A. abilities B. capabilities C. chances D.outputsV.Reading ComprehensionSectionADirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming we ll below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more thanhalf of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate ―free-riders‖: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the co sts such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many ― forced riders‖, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing ―climate justice‖ can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikelyto deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.1.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because.A)it is unfair to those climate-vulnerablenationsB)it aims to keep temperature rise belowonlyC)it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% ofcountriesD)it burdens developed countries with the soleresponsibility2.Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-handsmokers?A)They have little responsibility for public healthproblems.B)They are easily affected by unhealthy environmentalconditions.C)They have to bear consequences they are not responsiblefor.D)They are unaware of the potential risks they arefacing.3.What does the author say about the $ 100 billionfunding?A)It will motivate all nations to reduce carbonemissions.B)There is no final agreement on where it will comefrom.C)There is no explanation of how the money will bespent.D)It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissionsworldwide.4.What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climateagreement?A)Encouraging developing nations to take theinitiative.B)Calling on all the nations concerned to make jointefforts.C)Pushing the current world leaders to reachagreement.D)Putting in effect the policies in the agreement atonce.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – peopletrained to analyze large bodies of information –key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real- time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems,and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launchinga serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single applicationand the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says MrGoldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despitetheobstacles,somemaymasterthisdifficulttransition.Butcompaniesthatwerebuilt,fromthe beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent seriouscompetition.1.What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machinelearning?A.Machine learning operations are costly inNetflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existentapplications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technologycompanies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems inPinterest.2.The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―fields‖ mostprobablymeans.A.avoidsB.createsC.solvesD.classifies.3.Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learningoperation?A.HighcostB. Expertcrisis.C.TechnologicalproblemsD. Customerinteractions.D C A(C)Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous （无所不在的）battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the deca de, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become ―prosumers,‖ who produce and consume their own energy on site?No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.1.What does Dr. Sadoway think of energystorage?A.It involves the application of sophisticatedtechnology.B.It is the direction energy development shouldfollow.C.It will prove to be a profitablebusiness.D.It is a technology benefitingeveryone.2.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widelyused?A.Mobile-first lifestyles will becomepopular.B.The globalization process will beaccelerated.munications will take more diverseforms.D.The world will undergo revolutionarychanges.3.In some rural communities of emerging economies, people havebegunto .A.find digital devices simplyindispensablemunicate primarily by mobilephoneC.light their homes with stored solarenergyD.distribute power with wires and woodenpoles4.What does the author imply about the centralized electricgrid?A.It might become a thing of thepast.B.Itmightturnouttobea ―prosumer‖。

建平中学高三周考卷11.21II. Grammar and vocabulary (20)Section A(10)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policemen ____1____(wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.The terrorists were extremist elements ____2____(escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the ____3____ apartment killed two,” said the statement, noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policemen ____4____ four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya, Minufiya, Ismailia and others.Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities ____5____ killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests ____6____ his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.Terror attacks in Egypt ____7____ ____7____ focus on police and military men in North Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well, with most of them____8____ (claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.Another militant group ____9____(refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war ____10____(declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.THE TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are reportedly considering a ____1____ to cap the number of order for takeout deliverymen, many of whom have been ____2____ of violating traffic rules on a daily basis. Beijing News commented on Saturday:At least 242 traffic accidents in the city in the first half of this year involved takeout deliverymen, resulting in ____3____ to about 170, prompting the local transportation authorities to tighten their ____4____ of such takeout deliveries.So the Nanjing authorities have good reason to intervene, but placing a cap on the number of takeout orders ____5____ to deliverymen is a questionable move. Deliverymen hired by most platforms are allowed to go for any order up for grabs even when they do not have enough time to finish the delivery.Many reckless riders tend to disregard the traffic rules because failing to deliver an order within a given time - ____6____ around 20 minutes - can cost them one-third of the money they make. Such a rigid assessment mechanism ____7____ does not take into account any unavoidable delays.There is no doubt that timely deliveries must not come at the ____8____ of traffic order or the well-being of deliverymen. Food delivery service platforms need to provide proper training for their delivery staff to ensure they ride safely, as well as give them reasonable incentives and penalties. The local traffic enforcers can help food delivery companies to better manage their staff without ____9____ with their daily operations.In other words, limiting the number of takeout orders may overstep administrative boundaries. There are viable alternatives that are worth emulating, such as a code of conduct for deliverymen, along with a new management system that makes deliverymen ____10____ for their vehicles, most of which are currently registered under the name of their employers. A credit deduction policy that links the driving records of deliverymen with their pay might be another.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, there is an annual process. This is partly due to the fact that firms ____1____ their accounting on a yearly basis, but also because similar ____2____ often occur in the market.Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But ____3____, planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to ____4____ of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers ____5____ progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will ____6____ the objectives and plans for the future.In today's business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to ____7____, some analysts believe that long-term planning is ____8____. In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their operations which allows them to ____9____ to any sudden changes.Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to ____10____. Their long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission and build a new production plant, or, in marketing ____11____, it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain ____12____ in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the ____13____ choice amongst business travelers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various ____14____ involved.Every one-year plan, therefore, must be ____15____ in relation to longer-term plans, and it should contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.1. A. make up B. carry out C. bring about D. put down2. A. patterns B. guides C. designs D. distributions3. A. surprisingly B. contrarily C. equally D. typically4. A. approval B. permission C. admiration D. objection5. A. value B. confirm C. review D. survey6. A. restore B. promote C. influence D. maintain7. A. guess B. advocate C. recognize D. predict8. A. pointless B. meaningful C. realistic D. inevitable9. A. lead B. respond C. refer D. contribute10. A. share B. handle C. develop D. benefit11. A. expressions B. descriptions C. words D. terms12. A. reputation B. position C. situation D. direction13. A. reserved B. selected C. preferred D. supposed14. A. acts B. steps C. means D. points15. A. handed over B. left behind C. made out D. drawn upSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than are big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than their small-town residents to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.1. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society ________.A. tended to acquaint themselves with people passing byB. could not develop very close relationships with othersC. bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relativesD. usually had more friends than small-town residents2. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents________.A. suffer from the lack of friendshipB. lower the quality of relationshipsC. show little concern for other peopleD. become suspicious of each other3.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, ________.A. the more open-minded people areB. the more similar its interests isC. the more likely it to display stressD. the better the quality of life is4. What is the passage mainly about?A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small townsB. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and townsC. The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society.D. The strong feeling of alienation that city residents are suffering.(B)P lease do not sign your name. Mark the responses that most nearly reflect your teaching practices. This is one way to reflect your practices and how much you got out of it.Keep one copy and give one to your tutor s.HOW OFTEN:0=never 1=rarely 2=sometimes (1-2x/ week)3=moderately(3x/week) 4=often(4x/week) 5=daily1. According to the passage, who most probably mark the responses in the form?A. Professional tutors.B. Language teachers.C. Personal physician.D. Psychological therapist.2. Mr. Kent bears EXTENTION OF LEARNING idea in mind, he quite often tends to ________.A. always set groups to encourage students to work out something by putting heads togetherB. prepare grade-level materials for teachingC. develop students reading skills during pre- while-and- post-reading stageD. provide students with extra learning materials to further their study3. Mrs. Grace likes to share her version of tasks outcome in class, which could be labeled ________.A. ASSESSMENT OF LEARNINGB. KNOWLEDGE CONSTRUCTIONC. DEMONSTRATION OF STRATEGIESD. SELF-SELECTION(C)“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets or self-reliance --- as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.1. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to ________.A. maintain people’s interest in liberal educationB. define the government’s role in educationC. keep a leading position in liberal educationD. safeguard individual’s rights to education2. Which one of the following statements about what the AAAS plan suggests is true?A. an exclusive study of American historyB. a greater emphasis on theoretical subjectsC. the application of emerging technologiesD. funding for the study of foreign languages3. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A.professors are routinely supportive of free marketsB.intellectual investigations are put great value on in collegeC.progressive public policy is out of boundaries of proper studyD.professors have prejudice against classical liberal ideasE.4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal EducationB. Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”C. Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”D. Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentencecan be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and renowned methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two or four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the forthcoming week and suggest readings. ____1____ Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields. ____2____Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze, and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic and difficult to fake, as the student's work is discussed on the spot.____3____ The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. ____4____ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.HopeNothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke (中风), that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears. But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told herhow much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.A couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up! And then she persevered through a long and tough process of restoration to health, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amelia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathing.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the years, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment (理想破灭). How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”? That’s not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child._______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________V. Translation1.希望人人都能各抒己见，因为缺乏沟通就会产生误解。

建平中学高三英语周二练习（11.21）II.Grammar and Vocabulary（20%）SectionA（10%）Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Kazuo Ishiguro, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, has a number of strings to his bow, or rather his guitar.u The 62-year-old is world famous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a great singer and songwriter, like last year’s winner, Bob Dylan.His friend and former publisher Robert McCrum recalls the young Ishiguro 21) (turn) up at the publishing house Faber and Faber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and a guitar over his shoulder. It was his stories22) earned him the great honor he received two weeks ago23) his name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, although he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a British citizen who writes in English. He24) (educate) at the University of East Anglia, a school that has become known for training writers.Ishiguro’s writing is hig hly restrained. His characters are often reluctant to express25), exceptin a kind of code. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that of Jane Austen, an author to 26) he is often compared. The best example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, which later became a successful film.The central character of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely loyal servant to an English lord, and is a character who some might call repressed. He misses out on affection andlove27) he will not confess his feelings toanyone.The story is told by Stevens, and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his behavior. Of course,we28 read between the lines to uncover the ―real‖ story, which isn’t quitethe one the butler is telling. Stevens finds it a challenge 29) (communicate), and communication is often a theme in Ishiguro’snovels.In this author’s sense of the world, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to communicate them. The Nobel Committee emphasized thistheme30) it talkedabout Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the committee claimed, ―in novels of great emotional force ... uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world‖.Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words inthebox. Each word canonlyTowalkdownMainStreets,U.S.A.,istowalkthroughaparticular31)ofAmerican’scollective memory. It’s small-town values.It’s optimism.It’s energy.It’s innovation .It’s a certain kind of innocence. It is by design,the story of the ―American Way‖ -andone that has played a(n) 32) role in shapingthe collective memory of AmericanhiatoryThough Disney Parks today are well-established cultural icons,the Walt Disney Company’s startasa(n)33 ofAmericanhistoryandidealsbeganlongbeforeitopenedthegatesof Disneyland.It is a sophisticated process. From its creation in 1923 as ―The Disney Brothers CartoonStudio,‖theDis neyoperationwasproducingfilmsthat34) Americans’ideal version ofthemselves.Often set in a glorified 19th century rural American heartland,theseanimations35) ahero(usuallytheindomitable (不屈不挠的) MickeyMouse)whosestrongworkethicandbravery in thefaceofrisk al ways found the ―littleguy‖ and ―commonman‖triumphantover his foe(敌人).Such optimistic sentiment heldgreat36) inthe country’sDepressionyears,andmostcertainly led Mickey and company to become householdnames.This narrative of upholding American values continued at the brand’s theme parks, where Walt Disney translated it into a physical experience using American folk history. ―Disneyland,‖hesaid at the park’sgrandopening,‖is37)to the ideals,the dreams,and the hard factsthathavecreatedAmerican.‖Visitors are made to feel as if they are stepping into moments of history, ones chosen to fit atidy narrative that 38) the nation’s past and future commitment to lift, liberty, and the pursuit ofhappiness.To be su re, Disney’s unique abilityto39)American history in its own nostalgia-tinged(带有怀旧气息的)image---whathascometobecalled‖Disney fiction‖--hasdrawnsignificant 40) .Butwhenitcomestocollectivememory,itmustbenotedthatthepartcanbe rememberedone way and exist faithfully in another, and that many different versions can have their place in the American mind. Even as characters change and Tomorrowland becomes an artifact of yesterday,DisneylandcontinuestobeatouchstoneofAmericancollectivememory.III.ReadingComprehension（45%）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Whether it's from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can haunt us for our entire lives. But, what if science 41) your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known ta all, memory is an incredibly complex 42) . While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know thisis43) .In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it’s becausethecellsinyourbrainarebeingfired44) new connections and linksandliterally rewiring the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially 45) by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren’tavailable?Simply put, memories can’t be made. Seriously, scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming.46), the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken. From this research, scientists actually found a way to target long term memories for 47) . You see, every singletime you remember a memory,your brain is once again firing andrewiring.In fact, each time you reflect on a memory, you are physically changing that memory in your mind. A nd each time that memory is altered a little, reflecting your 48)thoughts. Remembering is an act of 49) and imagining,meaning the more you reflect on old memories, the less accurate they become. And scientists have actually quantified this change.After 9/11, hundreds od people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day. A year later, 37％of the details had changed. By 2004, nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone50) .Andbecausememoriesareformedandrebuilteverytime,ifyouadminister(服药)theprotein-preventingdrugwhilerecallingamemorycanbe51) removed.To test this, scientists took lab rats and played a sound for them, shortly followed by an electric shock. After doing this multiple times, the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound,a shock wan soon to follow. 52), they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it. Months later, these rats wouldstill53) the noise; however, if they administeredthedrug first, the rats would lose the memory of the sound, and simply continue on. They had lost their memory of that specificnoise.To be sure the drug wasn’t just causing large-scale brain damage, scientists repeated these experimentswithmultipletonesthistime.Bothsoundswouldwarnforashock,and54)the mice would fear both. But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds,the micewouldonlyforgetthatonetone,whilestillremaining55) of the other.Overtimescientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain.41 . A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase42 . A. range B. process C. idea D. structure43 . A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex44 . A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building45 . A. identified B. stopped C. facilitated D. perfected46 . A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example47 . A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production48 . A. current B.precious C. terrified D. previous49 . A. reception B. creation C. repetition D. reproduction50 . A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing51 . A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently52 . A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead53 . A. turn to B. respond to C. watch out D. turn down54 . A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly55 . A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearfulSection B（22%）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）As a person who writers about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner mathit requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every otherindustry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggest otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money you server makes.No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a letter value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough:the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you .Well , if this were true we would all be slipping a few100 dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see onlya tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are , are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips theyreceived.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up –front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’task you to do drunken math.56.What can we learn about Bill Perry from thepassage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellentbeer.B)He intends to get rid of the tippingpractice.C)He gives his staff a considerable sum fortips.D)He lives comfortably without getting anytips.57.Why do many people love tipping according to theauthor?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dinein.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for goodservice.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of theindustry.D)They can have some say in how much their serversearn.58.What have some waiters come to realize according to asurvey?A)Service quality has little effect on tipsize.B)It is in human nature to try to save ontips.C)Tips make it more difficult to pleasecustomers.D)Tips benefit the boss rather than theemployees.59.What does the author argue for in thepassage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips forcustomers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improveservice.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for aliving.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead ofcustomers.（B）Inspiring young minds!TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.Sounds too good to be true?Take a look online —evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.Happy Birthday All Year!What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day. SUBSCRIBE NOW □Annual SubscriptionEurope£55 Rest of World£65 □Annual Subscription with Gift PackIncludes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe£60 Rest of World£70Refund Policy —the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.60. Why is TOKNOW a specialmagazine? A. It entertains youngparents.B. It provides seriousadvertisements.C. It publishes popular sciencefictions.D. It combines fun with complexconcepts.61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack fromChina? A.£55. B.£60. C.£65. D.£70.62. Subscribers of TOKNOWwouldget .A. free birthdaypresentsB. full refund within 28daysC. membership of the TOKNOWclubD. chances to meet the experts inperson（C ）What’s inside?Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to makesure young readers have a balanced take on life. What is so special about TOKNOW magazine?Well, it has no ads or promotions inside — instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involvedin advanced concept s and even philo s ophy （哲学） —and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures ―everything except that which makes life worthwhile.‖ With Britain voting to leave the European Union, andGDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was goingso well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economicprospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries areperforming.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality andenvironment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person's sense ofwell-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a declinein the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.62.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion ofGDP.63.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as anindicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results areenlightening.64.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economicdecline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economicissues.65.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global EconomicHealth[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Such theory, which sits in a big bucket of academic study called ―behavioral economics,‖is what Prof. Thaler is famousfor.B.Then there is this work on the ―planner-dose‖syndrome.C.It says people tend to divide their expenses into separate blocks even though the money comes from the samesource.D.It says we often chose what is the easiest over what is thewisest.E.Given two options, we are likely to pick the wrong one even if that means makingourselves less welloff.F.He has been rewarded both via the recognition of the Nobel Prize and by the not inconsiderable sum of $1.1 million in prizemoney.How do you get people to eat more healthily?You could put forward some powerful arguments about how obesity can lead to many serious diseases such as type-2 diabetes(Ⅱ型糖尿病).you could put large red traffic light signs on products high in salt,sugar and fat. You could take part in campaigns warning that overeating unhealthy foods can reduce life expectancy.Or, you could just change where you put the salad boxes on supermarket shelves.The last option is an example of nudge theory(助推理论) at work. The theory was developed and popularized by Richard Thaler,the University of Chicago economist who was announced as this year’s recipient(接受者) of the Nobel Prize for Economics.Prof. Thaler’s central argument is tha t we are not the rational beings who favor more traditional economictheory.67)Lack of thinking time,habit and poor decision-making mean that even when presented with a factual analysis on, for example, healthy eating, we are still likely to pick burger and chips. We’re hungry,we’re in a hurry, and burger and chips is what we always buy.Nudge theory takes accountofthis.68) Tests have shown that healthier foods putateye level sell better. That’s because the foods are able to ―nudge‖ a customer towards a purchase,whether he or she has any idea about obesity argument or not. The theory has been so famous that some governments have had their own ―nudge units,‖such as the Beh avioral Insights Team in the United Kingdom.They help develop policies to make people behave ―more rationally‖ and push them towards better outcomes.Prof. Thaler also gave us the concept of ―mental accounting.‖69)For example,people usually spend more on a debit card in a food shop compared with cash even though the money all ultimately comes from their earnings.70) According to Prof.Thaler,we lack self-control and will act in ourownshort-termself-interest. We need extra encouragement or even reward to plan long-term,rather than simply being told that,rationally, it is a goodidea.Having received news of the award, Prof.Thaler said that his job was to ―add human beings‖ to economic theory. Asked how he would spend his prize money, he gave just a brief answer. ―Irrationally.‖第Ⅱ卷（共 50 分）ⅠSummary Writing（10%）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Rote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ―by rote‖ as:‖from memory,without though of meaning; in a mechanical way.‖The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Ⅱbroke out when you can findthe answer on the Internet in about six seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctor requires knowledge of medicine and lawyer requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life bu making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself---with flashcards or by repetition--is usually hard and boring work, which is way most people application tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.Ⅱ. Translation（15%）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我们中3/5以上的人热衷于田径运动。

中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to makethe passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when andhow they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to givechildren something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play)with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after theactivities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare),even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adultworld.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not somuch how they changed over the centuries but how much they haveremained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their developmentin all parts of theworld and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. InEgypt, America,China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kindsof toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life28toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls,little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.repeatedly and forwhich we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involvealcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discussesthe concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is nothigh. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe theperson who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in abehavior long after it has become 33 that the substantialprice being paid was not worth the benefit.The individual who has lost career house family and friends because ofcocaine (可卡因) usebut is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned withmuch 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constantlevel of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can leadto an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh theprice. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The priceof membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not getstronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how muchbenefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urgeto engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is actedupon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Readingcomprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrasethat best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in theHarvard Business.Review，which has carried out an experiment to find outwho we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want mostas our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasantand useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choicebetween working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), weirresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like eachother more. The trickhere is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as oftenas possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses andso on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machinesinspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like eachother or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make officesfridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable foolagainst competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated:we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I wasonce quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her tobe so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up notreally liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should bedoing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who areall pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore withoutoffending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D.productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D.forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D.similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later,to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable. This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did mythoughts or actions resultin self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D.anxious57.How can this philosophy change the waywe live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too muchto follow 59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there'sdata to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burnedby the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer andan additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men.However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD.available61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerfulinfluence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward theefforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings inpsychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has aknock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionableresearch practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stoppingcollecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simplyfabricate data–Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality –publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreakingresearch.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications ofstudies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worryingeffects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body ofknowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness tostudentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows themto be true makes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parentsthemselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up toa realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents,and think of them as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is ahealthier attitude both for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit thesecharges if the child knows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarksabout the friends’ parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will nottalk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if theyrealized how muchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装） behind anunreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt.70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。

上海交通附属中学2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语月考试卷Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension ( 略 )Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.AA young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had wanted a beautiful sports car in a show room, and(21) (know) his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day came near, the young man expected signs (22) that his father had bought the gift. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his own study and told him how proud he was (23) ( have) such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious, and somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather (24) (bind) Bible, with the young man’s name pressed in gold. Angry, he raised his voice to his father, and said "With all your money, you give me a Bible?" and stormed(25)the house.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, (26) realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him.However, (27) he could make arrangements, he received a telegram(28)（tell）him his father had passed away, and willed all his possessions to his son. When he arrived at his father’s house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still gift - wrapped Bible just as he (29) (leave)had left it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.Suddenly, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag, which (30) (read)the date of his graduation on it, and the words PAID IN FULL.( B)The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. (31) 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. (32) the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries(33) (experience) constant water shortages.A. imposeB. moralC. toleratedD. angerE. ingredientF. containG. loosening H. attitudes I. punish J. disadvantaged K. excusesAlthough dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. (34) valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to (35) . Each country (36) farming requirements.therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation. In Texas, farmers" overuse of irrigation water (37) (result) in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water (38) managed.farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly Saudi Arabia’s attempts(39) (grow) wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping (40) (see )them run dry.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the victory of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to 41 an epidemic of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A significant 42 is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accounta bility isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to 43 accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, exter nal controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not 44 --- they simply are not done!” Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are 45 . Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you 46 him.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in 47 . Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with 48 guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally 49 circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless 50 where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it..Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not 51 surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅) where loved pets rest. It is possible that : Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are 52 to their pets.This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least, are 53 less nutrition. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, 54 veterinary （兽医的）bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel 55 with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is 56 for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 57 . They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies — a disease with no known cure - that has made the English government impose strict 58 on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently 59 a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourists immediately wrote letters to the newspapers 60 about ’mass murder’.Another problem is the 61 of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just 62 it. This brings me to my last point. Pets, which run free, are often not 63 at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.64 , I would only suggest that we have got our 65 wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets.51. A. alert B. surprise C. disappoint D. interest52. A. hostile B. polite C. subject D. available53. A. seldom B. far C. frequently D. totally54. A. in spite of B. regardless of C. not to mention D. rather than55. A. delighted B. patient C. concerned D. unsatisfied56.A. usual B. natural C. ridiculous D. essential57. A. inevitable B. understandable C. unacceptable D. common58. A. orders B. punishments C. treatments D. restriction59. A. cured B. destroyed C. enclosed D. drove60.A. inquiring B. caring C. worrying D. complaining61.A. thoughtlessness B. hesitation C. expectation D. kindness62. A. isolate B. scold C. desert D. bind63. A. funny B. sweet C. precious D. loving64. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Meanwhile65. A. mind B. behavior C. love D. prioritySection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper." This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in Peensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength- eating family ties.Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to gettogether. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.66.What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe？A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.67.What does "cultural metabolism"(Line 1 ,Para. 3) refer to？A.Evolutionary adaptation.B.Changes in lifestyle.C.Social progress.D.Pace of life.68.What does the author think of the food people eat today？A.Its quality is usually guaranteed.B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C.It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.D.Its production depends too much on technology.69.What does the author say about Italians of the old days.A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.B.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C.They ate three meals regularly every day.D.They were expert at cooking meals.(B)Supersized activities for your little ones at Sentosaduring the June HolidaysStorytelling Comes Alive!Date: Every Wed –Sun at 11:30 am.3:30 pm &5:30 pmVenue: Images of Singapore ForecourtAdmission: FreeEnjoy SUPERSIZED activities for the entire family this June at our international award- winning interactive event, Story Telling Comes Alive! This is where the story teller uses a giant storybook, puppetry and characters coming alive to bring the exciting and fun storiesto life.Art Excursion at SentosaDate: 8 &15 June 2015 (Children)22 June 2015 (Family)Time: 9am – 5pmAdmission: $120 per child (Sentosa Play Pass: $90 per child)$360 per family (Sentosa Play Pass: $270 per family)Unleash your child’s creativity with the Art Excursion conducted by My Art Studio. Participantswill have the opportunity to exchange creative ideas inspired by what they experience as they move through various stations in Sentosa.Boogie with Captain PalawanDate: Every Tuesdays to FridaysTime: 2:25 pm & 4:15 pmAdmission: FreeJoin in the boogie fun with Captain Palawan on the Beach! Bop to the rhythm and you may dance your way to some prizes!Storytelling at Underwater World SingaporeDate: 1-24 June 2015, every Sat& SunTime: 11:45 am & 3:15 pmVenue: Underwater World SingaporAdmission: $ 20 per adult$10 per childCome and listen to storyteller, Denise Tan, as she shares stories about marine animals and marine conservation in the Living Fossils Hall filled with displays of ancient marines animals. Promotions:Play to your heart’s content with a day trip to Sentosa. Enjoy greater value at Sentosa with the Sentosa Play Pass now!Visit 16 attractions with one pass to enjoy more than 60% 60% discount on admission charges! Visit for more information.Get your SentosaPlayPass at any Sentosa ticketing counters or selected TransitLink ticket offices. Sentosa 40th CelebrationSimply spend a minimum of $40 in a single receipt and stand a chance to win attractive prizes! Visit or call James at 6432789.Available during weekdays form 9-5pm at bugis, ChangiAirport, Chinatown, City Hall and Orchard stations. Somerset stations is open from 9am-12(noon) on weekends.Terms and conditions apply.Exclude Art Excursion at Sentosa.70.John, who is a Sentosa PLAY Pass holder, needn’t pay for the activities EXCEPT .A.Storytelling Comes AliveB.Art Excursion at SentosaC.Boogie with Captain PalawanD.Storytelling at Underwater World Singapore71.Which of the following statements is true?A.Boogie with Captain Palawan is an activity that happens daily.B.Denise Tan will share her stories at Images of Singapore Forecourt.C.Storytelling Comes Alive is recognized globally for its engaging content.D.You will win prizes if you spend at least $40 in a single receipt at Sentosa.72.On a Saturday at 2pm, Mr Smith and his family want to buy the Sentosa Play Pass. He shouldgo to .A.Bugis stationB. Somerset stationC. any TransitLink ticket officeD. any Sentosa ticketing office( C)I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession（难以破除的成见）surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied, possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti- science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing planet.That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency----the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land----will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools' but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management---and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure（基础设施）, especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.) I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops—not just because we'd worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like com. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be against it---and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technology.Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.73.How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?A)They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B)They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C)They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D)They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.74 . What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?A) Breaking the GM food monopoly. B) More friendly exchange of ideas.C) Regulating GM food production. D) More scientific research on GM crops.75.What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?A)It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B)It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C)GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D)Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.76.What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?A)It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B)It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C)Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.D)Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences than you need.A.One should be prepared to analyze all the problems.B.But do you really have an accurate idea what they mean?C.This growing trend of reporting only part of the information is becoming dangerous.D.These statistics may horrify you and mislead you.E.lf we teenagers are to be left this world. we had better be able to think critically, and form our own views, rather than be easily persuaded by another'sF.The point of this article is that one should be aware of what is and is not being said.This is a dangerous world we live in. The number of murders goes up every year, people are dying of cancer, more people contract ( 感染)HIV, more teens are using drugs, etc. You know this because you've heard all the statistics on the news and in the paper. 77 The numbers are going up, but how do they compare to the growth in population? Are more cases of these diseases being reported because of better testing techniques, or are the diseases more common? The fact is that without knowing the background statistics mean very little.78_ . For example, several years ago a high school student reported the dangers of the chemical known as dihydrogen monoxide（一氧化二氢）. This chemical, found in most cancerous umors( 肿瘤) ,is often found in the blood of people drunk on alcohol, andcauses complete physical and mental dependence for those who take the chemical even once. A fter reading his report, more than 75% of his Advanced Placement Chemistry class voted to forbid thisdangerous chemical! Every one of the above statements is true, yet this chemical is necessary to all life on earth. The students made the mistake because they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics, rather than the chemical's full background.79 . When one finds a new fact or number , one should try to consider other important information before forming an opinion with only half-truths. Always remember that the author is trying to convince you of his or her own view, and will leave out information that is different to his view. For example, look again at the statistics that suggest skiing is safe. Only people may die each year when skiing, while 897 die from lightning strikes, but which is really the most dangerous? If you think about it, you realize far fewer people go skiing each year than the number of people who are in danger of a lightening strike. When you think about it ,skiing is more dangerous than you might at first think when looking at statistics.80 . To be warned is to be prepared.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage . Summarize the main idea and the main point of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off, he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, for example, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem is that in school, many students spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not jus t follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will pre pare them to succeed in today’s workplace.Finally, In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given pr oject, that employee’s success not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don’t get quite exposed to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed tosucceed in the real world. Doing these will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.Ⅴ. TranslationsDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.太阳能源是未来人们赖以生存的可再生资源之一。

上海中学高三英语周练分析Section A17. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __________ an inch .A. byB.atC.toD. from18. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially _______ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. those19. The little boy walked in slowly lifting a stone______________.A. half of his weightB. half by his weightC. half his weightD. half weight of his20. The customers complained that not only ___________high, but he didn’t do a good repair job.A.he chargedB.was he chargedC.did he chargeD.he was charged21. The conference in Copenhagen _____ to bring the US and China into a global agreement, but produced nothing of substance.A. originally intendedB. intended originallyC. was originally intendedD. was originally intending22. A giant of a man was sitting next to the door, who, when he rose to greet me, _______ nearly seven feet tall.A. standingB. stoodC. was standingD. stands23. The government has listed a number of tourist attractions, including some____ significant sites.A. historicB. historicalC. historicallyD. historian24. The vast flood plain, known as the American bottom, stretches as far to the north and south as ____ can see.A. eyeB. an eyeC. the eyeD. one’s eyeSection B(A)Many a young person (25)_________(tell) me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, (26)_________ I also explain tha t there’s a big difference between “being a writer” and writing. In most cases individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. “You’ve got to want to write,” I say to them, not want to be a writer.”The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more(27)_________ longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the US Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿者), I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me a room in (28)_________ apartment building in New York. It didn’t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story(29)_________ I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years, I wasn’t going to be one of those pe ople who die wondering. What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test---(30)________ ________ it meant living with uncertainly and fear of failure. This is the shadowland of hope, and any one with a dream must learn to live there.(B)Every year dozens of films are released,yet(33)____________are forgotten after six months ?Movies come and go,as throwaway as popcorn bags left on the floor of a cinema.But of those fe w films that do stay in people‘s minds,there is one that is truly―evergreen‖.(34)______you‘re young or old,or wherever you are in the world,the1939classic Gone with the Wind never seems to become unpopular.December2015the film celebrated its75th birthday. The movie is based on a best-selling book of the same name by US author Margaret Mitchell.Holly wood was soon interested in turning the novel into a movie.The story(35)______in the periods before,during and after the American Civil War(1861-6 5),(35)______the war is more of a backdrop(背景)to the story than an important part of it.The story is about relations between members of high-class southern families.At the heart of the film is Scarlett O‘Hara.Beautiful and strong-willed,Scarlett is in lovewith a man,Ashley Wilkes,whose heart belongs to(36)______,Melanie Hamilton.Still,she triesto win Ashley‘s heart.One man,Rhett Butler,is especially interested in Scarlett.Rhett is as wild in his own way as she is.But although she flirts(调情)with Rhett,and despite the fact that she eventually marries him,she never really loves Rhett.It‘s only when she finally realizes that she can‘t have Ashley(37) ______she turns back to her husband.But,(38)______anyone who has seen the movie will know,by that point Rhett doesn‘t want her back and Scarlett is left with nobody(39)______(love).This Civil War period piece repaid the time and effort of the filmmakers who worked on it. Over two decades,it held the record for making the most money of any film ever(40)______ (make).It‘s the kind of movie that every studio dreams of making.Section CDirection: Complete following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly ___41_____ every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them ____42___ knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in ____43___, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "trash talk". The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. ___44___, the Jerry Springer show is a display and __45____ of society's moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments (困境)of other people's lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its ___46___, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individual's quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing 'your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech that sums up the entire ___47___ of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something veryvaluable.___48___ as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main ___49__ audience are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the show's exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ___50__ the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. III. Reading ComprehensionSection A CloseAs crime skyrockets in many communities, people are finally beginning to look for long-lasting, effective answers to stem the tide of juvenile crime. Reaching the youth who have committed a crime before they become 51 criminals is an essential step in 52 the crime trend. One possible solution may be the establishment of teen court.Unlike a trial court (初审法院), teen court is known as a 53 court for youths who have committed an offense. Teen courts primarily deal with 54 offenders. After arrest, the young offender must plead guilty to the 55 in teen court. With the teen court's permission, the offender agrees to be sentenced and abide by the decision of a peer jury (陪审团) of the same age. For example, a county teen court in Illinois gives young offenders a chance to 56 their arrests from their permanent record by performing community service or other 57 ordered by the court. 58 , as an essential component to the sentence, the offender must sit in on one or more future peer juries to 59 a sentence foe other offenders. It should be pointed out that a judge is present to 60 the proceedings of the court.The teen court 61 the strain on the regular court system and has been implemented in 426 communities since the first teen court opened in Odessa, Texas. 62 giving the offender a second chance, it gives the youth a chance to participate in the legal 63 .The 64 purpose of the teen court is to educate and motivate both the offenders and the teen volunteers while simultaneously promoting better communication between the accused, the 65 , the police and the legal system. By offering this alternative system, teen court allows those teens who have made a bad decision an opportunity to recognize their mistake and learn from it.51. A. suspicious B. hardened C. amateur D. famous52. A. reversing B. following C. reflecting D. starting53. A. civilian B. supreme C. sentencing D. lower54. A. violent B. convicted C. persistent D. first55. A. charge B. murder C. mercy D. defense56. A. prevent B. escape C. clear D. move57. A. jobs B. roles C. penalties D. duties58. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Instead59. A. announce B. determine C. serve D. receive60. A. overlook B. instruct C. oversee D. rule61. A. accelerates B. suffers C. increases D. eases62. A. Apart from B. In spite of C. Rather than D. Because of63. A. progress B. process C. access D. profession64. A. exclusive B. principal C. legal D. internal65. A. community B. county C. school D. court（A）It has been thought and said that Africans are born with musical talent. Because music is so important in the lives of many Africans and because so much music is performed in Africa, we are inclined to (倾向于……) think that all Africans are musicians. The impression is strengthened when we look at ourselves and find that we have become largely a society of musical spectators(旁观者). Music is important to us, but most of us can be considered consumers rather than producers of music. We have records, television, concerts, and radio to fulfill many of our musical needs. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa. Alban Ayipaga, a Kasena semiprofessional musician from northern Ghana, says that when his flute (长笛) and drum ensemble (歌舞团) is performing. “Anybody can take part.”This is true, but Kasena musicians recognize that not all people are equally capable of taking part in the music. Some can sing along with the drummers, but relatively few can drum and even fewer can play the flute along with the ensemble. It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of music sound. Performances often take place in an open area (that is, not on a stage) and so the lines between the performing nucleus and the additional performers, active spectators, and passive spectators may be difficult to draw from our point of view.66. The difference between us and Africans, as far as music is concerned, is that________.A) most of us are consumers while most of them are producers of musicB) we are musical performers and they are semiprofessional musiciansC) most of us are passive spectators while they are active spectatorsD) we are the audience and they are the additional performers67. The word “such” (Line 6) refers to the fact that ________.A) music is performed with the participation of the audienceB) music is performed without the participation of the audienceC) people tend to distinguish the audience from the performersD) people have records, television sets and radio to fulfill their musical needs68. The author of the passage probably agrees that ________.A) all Africans are musical and therefore much music is performed in AfricaB) not all Africans are born with musical talent although music is important in their livesC) most Africans are capable of joining in the music by playing musical instrumentsD) most Africans perform as well as professional musicians69. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) The Importance of Music to African PeopleB) Differences Between African Music and Music of Other CountriesC) The Relationship Between Musicians and Their AudienceD) A Characteristic Feature of African Musical PerformancesBIs there a magic cutoff period when offspring become accountable for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators (旁观者) in the lives of their children and shrug, "It' s their life," and feel nothing?When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital corridor waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son' s head. I was asked, "When do you stop worrying?" A nurse said, "When they get out of the accident stage." My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked incessantly, disrupted (打断) the class, and was headed for a career making license plates. As if to read my mind, a teacher said, "Don't worry. They all go through this stage, and then you can sit back, relax, and enjoy them." My mother listened and said nothing.When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring and the cars to come home, the front door to open.My friends said that when my kids got married I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s wan ( 淡淡的) smile and her occasional words, "You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home."Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry? Is concern for one another handed down like a torch to blaze the trail of human frailties and the fears of the unknown? Is concern a curse? Or is it a virtue that elevates us to the highest form of life?One of my children became quite irritable recently, saying to me, "Where were you? I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried! ! !"I smiled a warm smile.70. The author intends to tell us in the passage that_________A. Parents long for a period when they no longer worry about their children.B. There is no time when parents have no worry about children.C. It’s parents’ duty to worry about their children.D. Parents don’t have to worry about their children.71. We can infer from the sentence “My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.” that_________A.Her mother shared the same idea as the nurseB. Her mother wouldn’t express her opinion upon the matterC. Her mother felt relieved to know there was nothing serious about her grandsonD. Her mother didn’t agree with the nurse72. The author mentioned her ages of twenties, thirties, forties, and fifty in order to show_________A. the hard time she experiences in her life.B. the different stages of her childrenC. she had been worrying about her children in her life.D. the support she received from her mother.73.What can we infer from the sentence “ I smiled a warm smile” ?A. Finally the mother didn’t need to worry about the children.B. The mother was pleased that her child began to worry about her, too.C. At last, the mother could live her own life without worry.D. The mother felt satisfied that she had succeeded in turning her children into adults.COf all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.74. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that __________.A. arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B. English-language .newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C. high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D. young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.75. Newspaper reviews in England before World War Ⅱ were characterized by __________.A. free themes.B. casual style.C. elaborate layout.D. radical viewpoints.76. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A. It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals..B. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C. Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism,D. Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.77. What would be the best title for the text?A. Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB. The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC. Mournful Decline of JournalismD. Prominent Critics in MemoryAir travel has come a long way since that momentous day on 17 Dec.1903, when Wilbur Wright successfully achieved something no one had accomplished—powered flight. However, little did Wilbur and his younger brother Orville know that their invention would create an industry that would enable millions to not only fly 120ft ( as the brothers did ) but thousands of miles.Since then there have been hundreds of commercial airlines that have attempted to make money out of the Wright brothers’ invention. 78 According to Flight Global, there have been 267 airline failure since 2009.79 ,But according to the International Air Transport Association, things may be about to change for the better. ITAT has raised its profit estimate for global carriers to 2.5 billion pounds this year. Although this is still some 50% below last year’s profits, ITAT predicts next year’s total profit could rise to around 4.6 billion. So, could this be a buying opportunity for investors?80 ,They fly aircraft. They sell seats on the aircraft to passengers and capacity for cargo. That’s it. However, hidden beneath the simplicity is operational gearing(经营杠杆）—airlines have to recover high overhead costs before they can make money.That’s why the recession has been so damaging for many under capitalized airlines .Many ran out of money as the economic slowdown cut demands for air travel. Consequently, many airlines were forced to fly their planes even when it was uneconomical to do so. 81 . Low-cost airlines seem to have unlocked the secret of operational gearing by driving ticket prices lower through complicated yield management programs(收益管理项目）that aim to maximize the return.Keys:78-81:B C D (AB)中译英1.在涉及到公司的利益之处，我们永远不会轻易放弃。