上海交通大学附属中学 2018-2019 学年第一学期 高三英语摸底考试卷

上海市上海中学2019届高三上学期摸底考试英语试题Word版含答案2018-2019学年上海中学高三第一学期摸底考试II.Grammar and Vocabulary温馨提示：多少汗水曾洒下，多少期待曾播种，终是在高考交卷的一刹尘埃落地，多少记忆梦中惦记，多少青春付与流水，人生，总有一次这样的成败，才算长大。

高考保持心平气和，不要紧张，像对待平时考试一样去做题，做完检查一下题目，不要直接交卷，检查下有没有错的地方，然后耐心等待考试结束。

Section ADirection: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the other answer that best completes the sentence.25.While I was waiting to enter ________ university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper ateaching post at a school in ________ suburb of London.A. /, aB. an, aC. a, theD. the ,the26.In most cases, ________ a passenger has his ticket and managers to catch his train, he canreach his destination more comfortably than ________ he had to drive himself.A. once, ifB. that ,ifC. when, whileD. where, when27.The invention of the modern computer is one of the greatcontributions ________ to man’sefficiency.A. having ever been madeB. ever been madeC. ever madeD. having ever made28.I was not able to work out the problem ________ my teacher explained it.A. asB. unlessC. untilD. when29.For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but ________ thepublic believe that it does.A. /B. whetherC. thatD. if30.What struck the audience most was ________ the blind girl could accomplish with her ownhands.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. so31.The pressure ________ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under aconstant emotional strain.A. to completeB. completingC. to be completedD. to have completed32.Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. being lack of33.________ Japanese is certainly complex, it is by no means impossible to learn.A. WhereasB. WhileC. SinceD. As34.To the students________, the new teacher felt very nervous to say anything, with handsslightly________.A. concerned with, shakenB. concerned, shakingC. concerned with, shakingD. concerned, shaken35.–I can’t find Ms. Miller. Where did you meet her this morning?–It was in the hotel ________ he was staying.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. where36.________ your opinion was worth considering, they won’tplace too much importance on it.A. AsB. SinceC. UnlessD. If only37.We shall meet at the same place ________ we met for the first place.A. thatB. whereC. asD. which38.The monitor suggested ________ to the Sea World in the summer vocation.A. to me visitingB. their visitingC. to me their visitD. they visit39.He often wrote to the writer ________ the thought would help him to become a writer, too.A. whomB. whoC. becauseD. when40.In the past decade, geologists have come closer than ever to ________ the age of the earth.A. calculateB. calculatingC. be calculatingD. have calculatedSection BDirection: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Traffic science is one of those ____41____ seems permanently poised on the verge of a breakthrough. Professional journals regularly publish promising research, and the ____42____ trumpets their importance. However, it turns out that traffic is a deceptively complicated problem. It ____43____ molecular physics, in fact, because it's a system of individual particles ____44____ in complex ways. Except, with traffic, the particles have minds of their own.There are two kinds of traffic flow. In uncongested stable flows, cars can move at or near the speed limit, and the "unstable regime," what laypeople (外行) call a stop-and-go traffic. What scientists have figured out over the past decade or so is when and why traffic ____45____ between the two.“We see in our models that traffic becomes unstable when the number of cars(passing a specific spot) per lane per hour reaches between 2,000 and 2,500. At that nominal capacity level, traffic is very likely to become unstable,” says Hani Mahmassani, a traffic scientist at Northwestern University in Chicago.Consider a ____46____ case. A slow-moving car shifts into the left lane to pass an even slower-moving car. The car ____47____ behind the lane-changer has to decelerate ____48____ - not just to the speed of the car in front of him, but slow enough to create a safe driving distance between them. The next car back has to slow down even more, again to give itself a ____49____. This slowdown ripples back through the lane and eventually spreads into the other lanes as nearby drivers notice the sea of brakelights and reflexively slow down. Traffic researchers ____50____ to this as a shock wave, and it can travel back for miles.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges.Learning all you can about autism and getting (51)________ in treatment will go a long way towar d helping yourchild. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autist ic child:●Be consistent (一致的). Children with autism have a hard time (52)________ what they've learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never thinkto do so at home. Creating (53)________ in your child's environment is the best way to reinfo rce learning.Find out what your child's therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the(54)________ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage yourchild to(55)________ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It's also important to be consistentin the way you (56)________ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.●(57)________ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child,with (58)________ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to t his routine to a(59)________. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it (60)________.●(61)________ good behavior. Positive reinforc ement can go a long way with children with autism, so makean effort to 'catch them doing something good.' Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very (62)________ about what behavior they?r e being praised for.●Pay attentio n to your child's sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light,sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are 'under-sensitive' to sensory stimuli.(63)________ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid's 'bad' or disruptivebehaviors andwhat brings about a(n) (64)________ response. If you understand what affects your child, you'll be better atsolving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating (65)________ experiences.51. A. interested B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. degree60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Admire B. Stick C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on。

上海交通大学附中2008—2009学年度第一学期高三摸底考试英语试卷（满分150分，150分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上）听力部分I．Listening Comprehension：（ 30% ）Part A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard．1． A．He doesn’t like the song．B．He doesn’t speak French．C．He is in no mood for singing．D．He can’t sing today．2． A．Peter has been fired．B．Peter has changed his job．C．Peter is still working in the company．D．Peter wants to leave the company．3． A．Stay in the office．B．Have her hair arranged．C．Buy some birthday presents．D．Go to Miss White’s home．4． A．The man doesn’t like her any more．B．The man never noticed her hairstyle before．C．The man is telling a lie．D．The man never praises her．5． A．12．B．6．C．24 D．186． A．Someone may enter the house through the open windows．B．There may be a strong wind and heavy rain tonight．C．The man may catch cold if he leaves the windows open．D．The windows may be broken during the night．7． A．She found it interesting．B．She found it enjoyable．C．She found it boring．D．She found it informative．8． A．To buy a piano．B．To play the music．C．To listen to her sing．D．To sing together with her．9． A．On a fishing boat．B．In an ocean park．C．In a gift shop．D．In a restaurant．10．A．In a hotel．B．In a school．C．In a hospital．D．In a police station．Part B PassagesDirections: In Part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard．Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage ．11．A．Boston．B．Vancouver．C．Canada．D．Teheran．12．A．Because he couldn’t refuse his friend．B．Because he was busy all evening．C．Because Mike’s line was busy．D．Because he preferred writing a letter．13．A．Some tapes．B．Some presents．C．His overseas friend．D．Nothing．Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage ．14．A．Fashion model．B．Film actress．C．Social activist．D．Cinema manager．15．A．In 1958．B．In 1960 C．In 1971．D．1978．16．A．Don’t They?B．Klute．C．Julia．D．Coming Home．Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．17-24做在答题纸上。

2019-2020学年上海交通大学附属中学第一学期高三英语摸底考命题人：李剑诗颜秉蕾审卷人：朱雪艳(满分150分，考试时间120分钟，答案一律写在网上阅卷答题纸上)第I卷I. Listening Comprehension (25’)Part A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the kitchen. B. At home. C. In a fashion shop. D. In a net bar.2. A. 500 yen. B. 1500 yen. C. 2500 yen. D. 5000 yen.3. A. He will pay for the lunch. B. Sue likes Spanish food very much.C. He doesn’t like Spanish food at all.D. Both of them should treat Sue well at dinner.4. A. Boss and employee. B. Doctor and patient.C. Teacher and student.D. Interviewer and interviewee.5. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat.B. She has paid three months, rent in advance.C. She is unlikely to find such a satisfactory flat.D. She doesn’t like the idea of decorating an empty flat.6. A. Mike. B. Sandy. C. An unexpected friend. D. A handyman.7. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.8. A. The woman was fully absorbed in the music.B. The woman couldn’t understand the music very well.C. The woman lost her way to the conceit that evening.D. The concert was no better than what the woman imagined.9. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance.C. Travel arrangements.D. Courage and safety.10. A. She is talkative. B. She is quiet. C. She is active. D. She is sociable.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 28 billion copies. B. 567 million copies.C. 1953 million copies.D. 2015 million copies.12. A. Interviewed the vice-president of the Commercial Press in China.B. Completed data investigation, collection and examination for the records.C. Compared the sales volumes of the Secret Garden and Harry Potter series.D. Delivered enough copies of Xinhua Dictionary to the presentation ceremony.13. A. It contains colorful cultures of many countries.B. It is the world’s most popular dictionary.C. It is a useful tool for learners of the Chinese language.D. It has influenced several generations of Chinese people.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Over a billion people do not have enough safe drinking water.B. Diseases and 6acteria in the water kill millions of people every day.C. People in developed countries take their clean drinking water for granted.D. Clean, bottled water is expensive to transport to poor rural villages.15. A. It is a plastic straw.B. It uses batteries or electricity.C. It can be used for one year.D. It’s portable and cheap.16. A. Appeal to the government to supply clean water for everyone.B. Provide easy access to clean water to destroy the bacteria.C. Offer the WaterTube free to people in. developing countries.D. Sell the WaterTube to every person who needs one.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A little restaurant. B. A private organization.C. An ice cream shop.D. A snack bar.18. A. More flexible working time.B. Less conflicts with consumers.C. Closer relationship with customers.D. More freedom to make financial decisions.19. A. A program of the Small Business Administration.B. A grant from a private organization.C. Savings in his own bank account.D. Loans from the bank.20. A. He found owing his own business is rewarding.B. He didn’t recommend others to have their own business.C. He chose the location to compete with bigger businesses.D. He found managing a small business is high risky.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (10’+10’+10’)Section ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)"Monday morning feeling" could be the very crushing pain in the chest (21) __________ leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings.A study of 11,000 participants proved 8 am on a Monday morning as (22) __________ (stressful) time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. " We don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about (23) __________ to do to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body (24) __________ it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. Willich explained. “It is the unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase of the risk of a clot (血凝块) in the arteries (动脉) (25) __________ will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, they have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said Willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body (26)__________ we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But (27) __________ it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning (28) __________ __________ most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions — the thought of (29) __________ (face) with another week and all its pressures — may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy (30) __________ the differences in diet and lifestyle.(B)A trail of hot springs dot the northern Kapong District. For tree worshipers, it's a site best described as awesome. Visitors can enjoy the ancient hot springs, (31) __________ (understand) their therapeutic properties from knowledge (32) __________ (pass) down from one generation to another. Rain, drizzle and cloudy skies are typical in Phang Nga, making secluded places even more mesmerizing in scenery.Visit Phang Nga for a few days and you will immediately realise that once (33) __________ (overlook) things turn out to be hidden gems and one (34) __________ have planned for more time to enjoy them all. The ever-famous Phang Nga bay is in fact best seen not from the middle of the bay, but instead from the (35) __________ (elevate) shores of Samed Nang Chee. You can’t pick the best weather, (36) __________ even on partly cloudy days, the magnificent natural limestone structures of the bay is simply spectacular.If you've heard about the trading routes of the Thai south and the Malay peninsula, you will notice a remnant of this direct link between Phuket (普吉) and Phang Nga (攀牙). (37) __________ the major trading hub of Phang Nga in the old days, the district of Takua Pa boasts a small but untainted stretch of an old Sino-English community. These original century-old shophouses are “so authentic” here a local told me, it can overwhelm Phuket people with nostalgia.However, the town centre of Phang Nga is not Takua Pa, though. The story has it (38) __________ back in 1809, the Siam-Burmese wars drove people down to Phang Nga bay，hence the new settlement that has now become the province's municipal seat. It's still small in size, but with newer natural charms. Mountains (39) __________ (surround) Phang Nga with the most magnificent limestone peaks (40) __________ create wonderfully amazing signature views. Driving through the town's small parallel streets and looking up, one can only marvel at Mother Nature. Perpetual rain and misty mornings to virtual greenness --- Phang Nga people will ensure you get all that。

上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷命题：廖智敏审核：朱雪艳II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (1)__________our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (2) __________ (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (3) __________ (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is (5) __________ (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without (6) __________ (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (7) __________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet (9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (10) __________ (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’ Annual Show, I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested I became. As one expert told me, “Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calmi ng to watch.” Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (2) __________ cost up to £10,000 each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for £250,000.” I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house. “Well, that was a record,” (3) __________ (admit) Jean. “The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.”Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to ￡15,000 for a fully (4)_______ (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (5)________ find was ￡75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,” She commented. “(7)_______ they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (8)________ (buy) one. Then I remember that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (9)______ koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal c heaper (10)______(replace)!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)______ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lifes.And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn’t entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with, and (43) ______as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44) ______income levels have risen over time in the U.S. and European nations. For example---residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 year ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45) ______within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-when it compares (46) ______to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it is not simply how much money you make that (47) ______to satisfaction, but how much more money make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48) ______. The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income. They (49) ______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50) ______ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set.” write the author, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty, majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible. It is impossibleto 51._______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 52.______ over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 53._______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 54. _______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, species, industrial raw material, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 55._______ the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so 56. _______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 57._______ forever.The scale of human 58._______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen -- at a cost to our 59._______. in 2001, the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050, 60._______ it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 61._______. in fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen 62._______ to fire and the chainsaw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more that 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more that 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this 63._______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.Massive 64._______ brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 65._______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A. changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A. energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A. contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A. However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A. active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A. restore B.support C.revive st58.A. pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A. subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A. appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France.Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one kno ws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibration, or other influence -- even changes in weather -- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the s entence “Not so kilogram” in paragragh 4? A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units ________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is ________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’ painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available (English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it 30 minutes before departure time71.John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff?A．At 8:00a.m..B．At 9:30a.m..C．At 11:00a.m..D．At 3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about 15 days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2,the author intends to show________.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)?A.OutcomeB.UpholdC.AchievementD.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forgetB.Forgotten,but not goneC.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgottenD.Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When I was quite young, my father had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy, I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear, “Information Please,” I said the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two and a small clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the telephone.. Th e tears came readily enough now that I had an audience.“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then chip off a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger. That will stop the hurt，Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥).” she said，“And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography,and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grow up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told that my pet chipmunk —I had caught him in the park just the day before—would eat fruit and nuts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V.Translation:81.正是那位作家对他说的一番话激起了他投身于写作。

2018-2019年最新上海交通大学附属中学自主招生考试英语模拟精品试卷（第一套）考试时间：120分钟总分：150分第I卷（选择题，共100分）第一节：单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分，满分25分）1. —When did the terrible earthquake in YaNan happen?—It happened ________ the morning of April 20, 2013.A. onB. atC. inD. /2. Our teacher told us ________ too much noise in class.A. to makeB. makeC. not to makeD. not make3. Here is your hat. Don’t forget______ when you __________.A. to put it on, leaveB. to wear it, leaveC. to wear it, will leaveD. putting it on, will leave4. The baby is sleeping. You _____ make so much noise.A. won’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. needn’t5. Since you are _____ trouble, why not ask _________ help?A. in, forB. in, toC. with, forD. with, to6. It’s about___________kilometers from Nanchong to Chengdu.A. two hundredsB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredD. two hundred of7. It is six years since my dear uncle ________China.A. leftB. has leftC. is leftD. had left8. —How long _______ you _______ the bicycle?—About two weeks.A. have, hadB. have, boughtC. did, buyD. have, have9. The Yellow River is not so ________ as the Yangtze River.A. longerB. longC. longestD. a long10. Mrs.Green usually goes shopping with ________ umbrella in ________ summer. A. a；theB. an； /C. the； aD. /；/11. At first, I was not too sure if he could answer the question. However, ____,he worked it out at last with the help of his friend.A. to my angerB. to my surpriseC. in other wordsD. in a word12. —Must I stay here with you?—No, you ______.You may go home, but you _____ go to the net bar (网吧).A. mustn't; needn'tB. needn't; mustn'tC. must; needD. need; must13. I ______ the newspaper while my mother _____TV plays yesterday evening.A. was reading; was watchingB. was reading; watchedC. read; was watchingD. read; would watch14. It's a rule in my class that our classroom ________ before 6：00 p. m.every day.A. be able to cleanB. should be cleaningC. must cleanD. must be cleaned15. —Tom wants to know if you ________ a picnic next Sunday.—Yes. But if it ________， we'll visit the museum instead.A. will have; will rainB. have; rainsC. have; will rainD. will have; rains16.—Would you mind looking after my dog while I'm on holiday?—________.A. Of course notB. Yes. I'd be happy toC. Not at all. I've no timeD. Yes, please17. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _______they left school.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. unless18. My father _______ to Shanghai. He _______ for over 2 months.A. has been, has leftB. has gone, has goneC. has gone, has been awayD. has been, has gone19. They are your skirts. Please __________.A. put it awayB. put out itC. put them awayD. put them out20. —Please read every sentence carefully. you are, mistakes you’ll make.—Thank you for your advice.A. The more carefully; the fewerB. The more careful; the lessC. The more carefully; the lessD. The more careful; the fewer21. My friend is coming today but he didn’t tell me _______.A. when did the train arriveB. how did the train arriveC. when the train arrivedD. how the train arrived22. I felt it hard to keep up with my classmate s. But whenever Iwant to _______, my teacher always encourages me to work harder.A. go onB. give upC. run awayD. give back23. —________ fine weather it is today!—Let's go for a picnic.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a24. — Mary, you’re going to buy an apartment here, aren’t you?—Yes, but I can’t_______an expensive one.A. spendB. costC. payD. afford25. —Would you like to drink coffee or milk?—_________. Please give me some tea.A. NeitherB. BothC. EitherD. None第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）(A)Big schoolbags have been a serious problem for students for a long time.Maybe your schoolbag is too __26__ to carry, and it troubles you a lot __27__ you want to find a book out to read. Now an e­textbook will __28__ you.It is said that e­textbooks are going to be __29__ in Chinese middle schools.An e­textbook, in fact, is a small __30__ for students.It is much __31__ than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. Though it is as small as a book, it can __32__ all the materials (材料) for study.The students can read the text page by page on the __33__， take notes with the pointer (屏写笔). Or even “__34__” their homework to their teachers by sending e­mails. All they have to do is to press a button.Some people say e­textbooks are good, but some say they may be __35__ for the students' eyes. What do you think of it?26.A.light B. heavy C. useful D. comfortable27.A.till B. after C. before D. when28.A.trouble B. prevent C. help D. understanded B. kept C. invented D. lent B. radio C. pen D. computer31.A.heavier B. lighter C. cheaper D. brighter32.A.hold B. build C. discover D. practice33.A.blackboard B. desk C. screen D. card34.A.find out B. hand in C. get back D. give back35.A.helpful B. famous C. good D. bad(B)。

上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三第一学期摸底考试英语试卷(本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。

)第I卷(80’)I. Listening Comprehension(25')Section A(10')Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The seats there are uncomfortable.B. There are more than enough seals.C. It is popular with customers.D. It provides customers with reading materials.2. A. Give his neighbor a spare key.B. Get his key from his neighbor.C. Study in his neighbor's apartment.D. Borrow some books from his neighbor.3. A. Hand in their financial plan later.B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.C. Seek more information for their financial plan.D. Finish their financial plan with what they have.4. A. He failed in Dr. Parker’s test.B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.C. Dr Parker's tests were not difficultD. The man’s parents stopped boasting abo ut his scholarship.5. A. The man should be recognized by his parents.B. The man’s parents helped him get the scholarship.C. The man should be praised for his accomplishment.D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.6A. She didn't work hard on it.B. She made many persuasive claims in it.C. It wasn't as good as expected.D. Her professor was satisfied with it.7. A. Serve the dish as it is. B. Taste the dish first.C. Put some salt in the dish.D. Ask mum about the fish.8. A. Shell call Julia next week. B. She wonders if shell see Julia.C. Julia doesn't want others to see her.D. Julia won’t be able to help the man.9. A. It is a big deal. B. it needs a new engine.C. It doesn’t deserve repair ing.D. It is in better condition than hers.10. A. He has a lot of experience as a skier.B. He hasn’t ever been to central mountains.C. He plans to go skiing during his spring break.D. He doesn’t recommend going to central mountains.Section B(15')Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It's no use dreaming.B. What you get is just what you want.C. You are not satisfied with what you have.D. You are not clearly aware of what you want.12. A. As a principle for cooking.B. As a guideline for applying for a job.C. As an explanation of how to get a good job.D. As an example of a blueprint.13. A. It is required by the employer.B. It enables him to sell his abilities.C. It helps him to get connected with the employer.D. It forces him to become clearly aware of himself.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. More frequent. B. More attractive.C. More successful.D. More straightforward.15. A. Too few managers ever do it.B. It can be useful in certain circumstances.C. Experts are sometimes unwilling to give opinions.D. It can help to have a whole grasp of the complex system.16. A. They may rely too much on details.B. They may ignore some necessary information.C. They cant get in touch with employees.D. They may not have access to the whole thing.Question 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A writer. B. A journalist.C. A story-teller.D. A photographer18. A. The ability to judge whether a story is true to the fact.B. The ability to keep in mind the importance of a deadline.C. The ability to research the sense of smell professionally.D. The ability to inform people of the missing parts of the story.19. A. The might fail to be capable note-takers.B. The might concentrate too much on details.C. They might be lacking in the trick of the trade.D. They might have no idea what to ask later.20. A. To promote the process of interviews.B. To keep the evidence.C. To challenge the content of recordingsD. To assess the information journalists need to know.II. Vocabulary(10')Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Something strange is happening to the exhausted type-A millennial workers of America. After a year spent hunched(弯腰驼背) over their MacBooks, ____21____ back-to-back Zooms, they arc deciding to risk it all. Some are ____22____ stable jobs to start a new business and others are stepping off the career treadmill altogether.If this movement has a rallying cry, it’s“YOLO”—“you only live once, an acronym(首字母缩略词) ____23____ by the rapper Drake a decade ago and used by cheerful risk-takers ever since. It has come to characterize the attitude that has ____24____ a certain type of bored office worker in recent months.To be clear:The pandemic is not over, and millions of Americans are still experiencing ____25____ for the loss of jobs and loved ones. Not everyone can afford to throw ____26____ to the wind But for a growing number of people with financial cushions and in-demand skills the dread and anxiety of the past year are giving way to a new kind of professional fearlessness.“It feels like we’ve been so ____27____ into careers for the past decade and this is our opportunity to switch it up, "said Nate Moseley, 29 a buyer at a major clothing retailer. “The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid setup sounds so unappealing after this past year, he said. "If not now, when will I ever do this?”If“languishing(受煎熬)is 2021's ____28____ emotion. YOLOing may be the year's defining work forcetrend. A recent Microsoft survey found that more than 40 percent of workers globally were considering leaving their jobs this year.____29____ of employees quitting jobs, bosses are trying to boost morale(士气)and prevent burnout. LinkedIn recently gave the majority of its employees a paid week off.Raises and time off may persuade some employees to stay put. But for others, stasis(停滞) is the problem, and the only solution is ____30____ change.III. Reading Comprehension(45')Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42. 4%.Why have our habits changed?Part of the reason is demographic(人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, ____31____, there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals ____32____ has played a role, too:The microwave oven ____33____ an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.In Hooked Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize -winning journalist raises a question-What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive?While presenting his case. Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food____34____ taking side trips into biology and psychology and not least, into the world of food compoundsMr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best-“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”-comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.As for the ____35____ that affects our food choices. Mr Moss notes that while it takes 10 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster-and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference ____36____ nicotine(尼古丁)needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brainwhile sugar and salt take a ____37____ through the taste buds(味蕾). But the tongue is ____38____ by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10, 000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors(嗅觉受体) and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell” writes Mr. Moss “and the lion's share of the ____39____ in this goes to smell. ”Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says"nothing is faster than food when it comes to ____40____ the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food that is. ”The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions(调制品) that dominate the American diet;cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss's broad definition of addiction.Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry?Mr Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles:"We simply haven’t had the ____41____ we would need in relation to evolution to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years. ”One major theme of “Hooke d"is that the food industry exploits this ____42____—even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its“manipulation of our ____43____ desires, " not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf”Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain ____44____(thus easing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss is that snacks-often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value-now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves ____45____:It has become “socially acceptable to eat anything, anywhere, anytime. ”Mr. Moss writes.31. A. for instance B. after all C. vice versa D. in addition32. A. Marketing B. Service C. Technology D. Efficiency33. A. made up for B. cast light on C. gave birth to D. went in for34. A. industry B. landscape C. market D. production35. A. biology B. psychology C. mindset D. mentality36. A. hides from B. stems from C. shifts from D.emerges from37. A. shortcut B. bow C. twist D. chance38. A. compared B. paralleled C. leveled D. overtaken39. A. decision B. route C. credit D. benefit40. A. checking out B. stirring up C. paying off D.responding to41. A. temper B. limit C. gap D. time42. A. mismatch B. consumption C. rate D. pride43. A. intellectual B. rebellious C. instinctual D. conditional44. A. distinctive B. stylish C. upright D. appetizing45. A. positively B. progressively C. unexpectedly D. accordinglySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked AB and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)How do you teach a monkey new tricks?Labs have proved difficult places to train monkeys to respond to different sounds but in the forests of Senezal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park researchers were astonished how quickly one species of monkey adapted its behavior to a new sound.Julia Fischer at the German Primate Center in Gottingen and her team flew drones over a community of green monkeys in the area to see what they made of a new flying object in their environment. They responded instantly making alarm calls to wan one another of the potential new threat.The vocalizations were distant from the ones they made in response to models of leopards and snakes, but almost identical to calls made by a related species of monkey about eagles. The results suggest a hardwired response to the perception of an aerial threat and the use of that specific call.They monkeys adapted so quickly to the mechanical noise that they began scanning the skies and making the calls even when the sound of the drone was played from the ground. The monkeys were never seen issuing alarm calls in response to birds of prey in the area, suggesting that the birds they usually see aren’t considereda threat. The drones, however, seemed to be perceived as dangerous. "It’s cer tainly disconnecting, unpredictable. something they've not seen before so it makes sense to alert everybody"say Fischer She say s she was“blown away"" by how rapidly the monkeys appeared to learn“The listeners are smart. It’s almost impossible to get a monkey in a lab to do an audio task It isn’t clear why such learning is harder in a lab environment, " she says.The study involved a year’s worth of fieldwork by a team of eight who flew the drone about60 meters above the monkeys. The research wasn’t without incident. Fisher had to duck inside shelter made of palm leaves at one point after a baboon ran to attack the leopard model she was holding.Vervet monkeys in East Africa are related to green monkeys. They have been closely studied for the different calls they make in response to a variety of predators including pythons, leopards baboons and martial eagles.The expectation for the green monkey study was that they would stay silent come up with a new alarm call or produce one similar to the velvet monkeys eagle call. Fischer's bet was on the eagle call option and she was proved right. The vocalization appears to be highly conserved by evolution“It teaches us about how different their vocal communication system is from ours, " says Fischer"There is a very limited level of flexibility. ”46. What can be learned about green monkeys’ behavioral adaptability to a new sound?A. They made sounds similar to a new flying object.B. They alerted each other to possible danger.C. They responded as though they had seen eagles.D. They scanned the sky for the source of the sound47. In paragraph 4, the writer mentions “birds of prey in the area” in order to _________.A. compare the different sounds made by the monkeysB. specify the monkeys extraordinary adaptabilityC. illustrate these birds pose no threat to the monkeysD. prove drones are more appealing to the monkeys48. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The study conducted by Fischer and her team was painstakingB. Monkeys differ greatly in their ability to adapt to a new sound.C. Researchers have unlocked why monkeys learn quickly in natureD. Monkeys turn out to be quite flexible in their vocal communication49. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Unbelievable—Monkeys Should Make Different Sound!B. How Do Monkeys Get New Tricks?C. Monkeys See Drones. .D. Vervet Monkeys vs Green Monkeys(B)Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological(考古的)sites and houses with balconies who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.Royal Tombs of SipanThis is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru. ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between100 and 800 A. D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.Lima Ar MuseumAlso known as MALI. the museum is home to a collection of more than 17. 000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum's temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima's historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.MATEPeru’s most recognized photographer, Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peruhe has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies and events, alongsidea permanent display of his work.Santa Catalina ConventThis is not just another religious building-the 20, 000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City:Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena and the murals(壁画) that can be seen all over the place.50. The passage is mainly intended to _________.A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifactsB. recommend some of Peru's places that are worth visitingC. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures wellD. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums51. The building of _________ has a foreign touch.A. Royal Tombs of SipanB. Lima Art MuseumC. MATED. Santa Catalina Convent52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800A. DB. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian cultureD. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.(C)Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical(光学的)firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for his lack of training. However, on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Applied Optics and Optical Design, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated someday with Buchdahl’s Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.Hamiltonian theory describes the overall properties of optical systems considered as "black boxes, " although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl’s book is th erefore onthe subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however, a comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer’s needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt(称职的) has at some point in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been rare. Therefore, the theory has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large. however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern how optical systems work and in pointing the way to other more practical theoretical approaches.Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable physicist, but as one who, with knowledge of practical optics, has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory Buchdahl’s approach has over the last decade had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus. he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.The author claims his book to be non-mathematical and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision and the author expects the reader at every point to be master of the preceding exposition.53. Hamiltonian theory has been met with failure as a result of _________.A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of lightB. concepts too difficult for most lens designers to understandC. too much mathematical detail in the theoryD. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters54. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is _________.A. valuable only to those beginning to study opticsB. necessary to those interested in developing new optical systemsC. useless to those interested in practical opticsD. valuable to any student of optics55. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found in _________.A. indirect waysB. a fundamental power within the theoryC. the conceptual elegance of the theoryD. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems56. This passage is probably taken from _________.A. a book reviewB. a chemistry textbookC. an optician's journalD. a general science textSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Living off gridWhen you need electricity you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water you turn on the tap. _________57_________ For many people these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people the idea of living offgrid—without electricity, water or sewage-is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle-some choose to, but most use small hydroelectric power systems, solar panels or windmills togenerate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. _________58_________It ranges from additional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions-the ultimate goal for off-gridders.Around 100, 000 people are thought to be living offgrid in the UK now. _________59_________They grow their own foo, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper. too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. _________60_________ Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.第II卷(70’)IV. Grammar(20')Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Elon Musk Tweets an Ancient Chinese Poem. Here’s What It MeansThe world’s richest man caught up in Twitter spats(小争吵)now wants somepeace. In a Monday tweet, Elon Musk wrote "humankined. ” followed by the Chinese poem The Quatrain oi Seven Stepsa widely known classical poem used ____1____ (describe)infighting between closely-related people. Here is the poem ____2____ (translate)into English by Moss Roberts:Beans a simmer on a beanstalk flameFrom inside the pot expressed their ire:"Alive we sprouted on a single root——What's your rush to cook us on the fire?”The verses were attributed to Cao Zhithe son of famous warlord Cao Cao, ____3____ lived between 192 and 232 during the Three Kingdoms period. What exactly happened in history is contested. But the popular tale goes ____4____ after Cao Cao’s death his older son Cao Pi succeeded him to become an emperor. Cao Pi was jealous of his younger brother Cao Zhi's literary talent and wanted to find an excuse to kill him. One day, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to make a poem about their fraternal(兄弟间的)relationship within seven paces and swore to have the younger brother executed ____5____ he failed.Cao Zhi then made the bean-themed verses____6____the spot, alluding(影射)to Cao Pi’s cruel attempt to murder his own sibling ____7____(feel) ashamed, Cao Pi eventually let Cac Zhi go.In China, the poem is taught to primary school students and is often quoted by people to describe unnecessary rivalries. Interest users including people in China are confused over what Musk ____8____(refer)to. Musk later liked a reply to his post that translated the verses as"Humans are fro the same ancestor, why are we so eager to destroy each other?He ____9____ be talking bout a recent argument with the United Nations’World Food Program. After the program's director David Beaslety challenged the ultra-rich to provide $6 billion to help 42 million people, Musk over the weekend said he would sell his Tesla shares if the program could show on Twitter exactly____10____ $6 billion could solve world hunger Beasley invited Musk to talk, but Musk demanded open books(一目了然的事物)fro the organization.(B)Fun Facts about PigeonsPigeons are the most misunderstood of all creatures Upon seeing a flock of pigeons many people want ____11____ more than to run a mile in the other direction. Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actuallynot true People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of ____12____(fascinate) characteristics that should not be overlooked.First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators(领航员). A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after ____13____(transport) more than a thousand miles away from it!Because of this ability, humans ____14____(use)pigeons to their advantage for centuries.Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators(拖延者). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a dull or troublesome task when an immediately ____15____(convenient)alternative is available. Maybe pigeons could “give humans a run for their money"when it comes to putting off work!Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. Urban dwellers are used to seeing streets ____16____(litter) with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable commodity ____17____ its usefulness as a fertilizerFinally, it cannot be denied ____18____ intelligent creatures pigeons are. In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and differentiate between human faces in photographs.So, 19________ ________ you feel disgusted upon encountering a pigeon, ____20____(remember) that besides carrying little disease risk these birds are smart creatures with many wonderful abilities.V. Summary Writing(10')Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it's becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change. It is now a common topic of discussion and it has even found its way into the books we read. Because of this a genre called climate fiction. or cli-fi has found new life.As the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with a central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can help us imagine what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events. Adeline。

高三英语练习II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Section BDirection: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut O zil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and nowGermany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Lo w, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Lo w, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.(B)The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceSection BDirection: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them in passage A, B and C, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing. I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81.What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82.When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83.Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84.We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsFOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READCaroline Leavitt Cruel Beautiful WorldAt age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sister Charlotte and devoted aunt Iris in Waltham, Massachusetts. On the last day of school, she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher, William, and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania, near his new teaching job. Though Lucy feels increasingly isolated, William won’t allow her any outlet. Leavitt draws upon a real-life crime that involved a girl she knew in high school. She tells her story from multiple viewpoints, building tension and empathy for Lucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them.Steven Price By GaslightPrice, an award-winning Canadian poet, achieves an extraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in his weighty second novel. His hero is William Pinkerton, son of the founder of the legendary detective agency, who finds clues in his late father’s safe to the case of William Shade. This mythic thief had disturbed and upset his father. William tracks a Shade accomplice（共犯）, Charlotte Reckitt, to London, only to find she’s been found dead in the Thames. Also on the scene is Adam Foole, who is obsessed with Charlotte, who he met while stealing De Beers diamonds from a South African mine. Price ably arranges dozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents and several decades, from American Civil War battlefields to Scotland Yard at the end of the 19th Century.GeFeiThe Invisibility CloakBeijing-based GeFei (pen name for Liu Yong) won the 2015 Mao Dun Literature Prize for fiction “describing the changing spirit of Chinese society” over the past century. The Invisibility Cloak, his first English publication, revolves around Cui, a divorced man who creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijing’s newly wealthy and a few intellectuals. Beijing’s rapid expansion has left Cui longing for an invisible life away from the city. His chance comes when he agrees to build a world-class sound system for a gangster（黑社会老大）. GeFei’s nice irony, translated from the Chinese by Canaan Morse, should find many fans.Tim Harford MessyThe temptation to be neat and tidy may be powerful, but “we would be better served by embracing a degree of mess,” Harford argues. His defense of the creative potential of the imperfect, crude, random, vague, difficult, diverse and even dirty is refreshing. Reaching into the arts, politics, business, science and technology, Harford makes a compelling case for opening up to disorder and luck.85.Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A. Caroline LeavittB. Steven PriceC. GeFeiD. Tim Harford86.Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironichumor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?A. Cruel Beautiful WorldB. By GaslightC. The Invisibility CloakD. Messy87.This page is intended for people who want to ______.A. buy newly-published books at a discountB. recommend books to friends and familyC. know what books are worthwhile to readD. understand the current trend in literature(C)To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do.Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from the avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their mind.88.What does “are toiled” in the 2nd paragraph mean?A. have hobbiesB. feel pleasedC. work very hardD. are busy89.Which is NOT true based on the first two paragraphs?A. Being late in life to attempt to cultivate hobbies adds to mental stress.B. Great knowledge irrelevant to the daily work can’t guarantee benefit.C. Those tired out for a week’s labour are reluctant to play football on weekends.D. Unfortunate people need discipline to help them build up hope.90.For those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure, they ______.A. are very willing to work long hours in the office or the factoryB. earn a large amount of money due to their hard work for a long timeC. are keen to enjoy the pleasure when they are off dutyD. usually enjoy themselves in the simplest and most modest forms91.Which statement will the author agree with according to the 3rd paragraph?A. The first class are lazy and the second class are bound to succeed.B. The second class never need holidays because their life is harmonious.C. The minority are more favoured by fortune because they never stop working.D. One really needs alternation for a change in order to work better.(D)Ladies and gentlemen,I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work - a life's work in the agony（痛苦）and sweat of the human spirit. But I would like to use this moment as a climax from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same agony and sweat, among whom is already that one who will someday stand here where I am standing.Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.He, the writer, must learn them again. He must teach himself that the worst of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is short-lived and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and sympathy and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse（诅咒）. He writes not of love but of desire, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or sympathy. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands（腺体）.Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of sympathy and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and sympathy and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the pillars to help him endure and prevail.92.The word “that” in the 2nd paragraph probably means ______.A. the agony and sweat of the human spiritB. the general and universal physical fearC. the sustenance and endurance for a long timeD. the human heart in conflict with itself93.According to the speaker, the old truths of the heart are so important that ______.A. they are love, honor, pity, pride, sympathy and sacrificeB. they prolong a writer’s life and protect him from cursesC. they are the soul of a real and powerful piece of writingD. they can effectively stop the trend towards the end of man94.How can poets / writers help man endure and prevail?A. By inspiring man with his past glories through words.B. By helping man endure the end through endless voices.C. By recording sympathy, sacrifice and endurance in his soul.D. By building spiritual pillars through immortal hearts.95.The speaker may probably agree that ______.A. the award was not fair because his life was too painfulB. young writers now are too fearful to bear the agony and sweatC. the biggest obstacle to good writing is the writer’s fearD. writing about man’s soul signals his final prevalence(E)By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: “Do not get the idea you’re anything special, because you’re not.” Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony — and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough’s ego-puncturing words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study, and it’s often exactly when we’re least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more stringently. Poor students, the authors note, “lack insight” into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do, and their very ineptness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor “extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “metacognitive skill”: the capacity to monitor how well they’re performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. There’s a paradox here, the authors note: “The skills that engender competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself don’t possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.。

上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试英语试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）第I卷Ⅰ. VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)1-5 BD A BC ABC D 6-10 B AB CB AC CTeenagers seem more likely to give in to peer influence than adults, but that may not be because teens are less 1 of making rational decisions themselves, studies on peer pressure suggest.Research finds people are strikingly susceptible to influences teenagers, but to what degree varies widely. In a growing body of work, scientists suggest that teens are more 2 to peer pressure than adults because they get greater pleasure from behavior they experience as rewarding. They tend to find being liked by other people very pleasing.Peer influence during adolescence is normal. During that time, people experience an increase in novelty-seeking, 3 by interest in exploring a new environment. This peer influence tends to 4 around age 15 and then decline. Teens get better at setting boundaries with peers by age 18, according to Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University.In years past, people thought teens didn’t have fully 5 frontal lobes (额叶), the part of the brain critical for decision-making and other more complex cognitive tasks. But an increasing amount of research seems to show that teens are able to make decisions as well as adults when they are not overwhelmed 6 with emotions.Peer pressure is often seen as negative, and indeed it can 7 teens into unhealthy behavior like smoking or speeding. But it can also lead to 8 in more useful social behavior. If peers value doing well in school or excelling at sports, for instance, it might encourage kids to study or train harder. And both peer pressure and learning to 9 it are important developmental steps to self-reliance, experts say.Facing the influence of friends represents an important developmental step for teens on theirway to becoming independent-thinking adults, scientists say.In order for kids to develop the ability to stand up to peer pressure, parents have to let their children stand up to them, too, according to Dr. Steinberg. “If you’re the kind of parent that raises your children with t he ‘do it because I said so’ 10 , you’re raising a child who’s going to be more susceptible to others saying, ‘Do this,’” he says.(B)1-5 CD C A D AC 6-10 ABC BC AB B BDStudents Honor 9/11 Through VolunteeringIn the days after Sept. 11, 2001, thousands poured into Ground Zero to lend their hands in one of the largest recovery efforts(恢复经济) in American history. Now, 12 years later, colleges are finding ways to channel（疏通）the same 1 into service projects in their own communities on September 11th."9/11 is such a(n) __2__ touchstone（试金石）for our country, I think people want to find ways to do something, and students as well," says Kevin Kruger, president of the student affairs group. "The idea of giving something back to the __3__ ties in well to（密切配合）the emotional significance of that."Though no corner of the country was untouched by the terrorist attacks, they especially rocked（晃动）New York University on 9/11. Less than two miles from Ground Zero, students__4__ the plane-on-tower impact from their dorm rooms. The university coordinated（协调）shelters and counseling（提供建议）in the days afterward.Because of this, NYU public affairs director Philip Lentz says the volunteer work the students do this week has a "special relevance（关联）." Students today __5__ at a rescue mission, wrote cards for soldiers and veterans（老兵）and made donations for the families of victims and first responders（现场目击者）on 9/11."NYU feels it has a special __6__ to offer this service opportunity to students that are here so they can give back to the community that was so devastated（毁灭）by the attacks," Lentz says.Similar deeds have been taking place in George Washington University in Washington, D.C. "For the past five years at GW, freshmen have boarded buses immediately after their official welcome __7__ in early September to head for the nation's financial capital and volunteer in__8__ that aid the environment, education, veterans and community organizations," says Amy Cohen, the university's director for civic engagement and public service."We hope that students will learn that community __9__ is part of how we build strong communities and a vibrant __10__ society," Cohen wrote in an e-mail to USA TODAY. "We ask students to reflect on the tragedy of 9/11 and to use this day as a way to show civic engagement and community building."Ⅱ. Reading comprehension.Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Harvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, 1 , is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard，the library is an essential part of everybody's life. Both the quantity and the 2 of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard 3 his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and 4 more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are 5 in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its 6 of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first library in the world that is 7 for undergraduates. WidenerLibrary is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library ofCongress.What 8 to be mentioned is the system or rather theservice of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the 9 period. The libraries also provide with students the service of 10 reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are 11 to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are 12 in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the 13 library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of 14 which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) 15 experience.A）1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DCABD1. A. as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all times2. A. influence B. discipline C. quality D. prospect3. A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributed4. A. contains B. composes C. involves D. includes5. A. informative B. different C. secure D. peculiar6. A. collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitions7. A. unusually B. formally C. specially D. especially8. A. remains B. happens C. appears D. deserves9. A. examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation10. A. confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designing11. A. desperate B. willing C. reluctant D. responsible12. A. exhibited B. reserved C. stored D. classified13. A. appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restricted14. A. performance B. service C. activity D. response15. A. fortunate B. creative C. positive D. enjoyable(B)Instead of cruising in on a hoverboard, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has 1 to us.Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can't escape that 2 though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have 3 imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest 4 are in travel--jet packs, hoverboards and flying cars are yet to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology:commercial aero planes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.5 is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence are yet to6 , though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available--even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have now arrived--sort of--but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he'll be able to7 your look of boredom.The truth is that we quickly 8 the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should ty to stay in that period of 9 . It is astonishing that the contents of every book ever written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these 10 are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t 11 the dominance of the computer in running our lives.But the real area where 12 far outstrips predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-fee” humans are still absent, but the progress made in 13 life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone's genome (基因组), giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina (视网膜) and can thus 14 sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing 15 the inventiveness of people in the real world.B）1-5 BBDAC 6-10 ACCBD 11-15 ADACD1. A. tuned B. lied C. objected D. talked2. A. opportunity B. challenge C. Imagination D. conflict3. A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly4. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments5. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation6. A. materialize B. identify C. honour D. liberate7. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore8. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate9. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation10. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions11. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent12. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality13. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering14. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label15. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. OutperformsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In his book The Tipping Point Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people?In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics.Epidemics, like trends, start in a very small way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.Gladwell identifies three types of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics.Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles.Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends.Salesmen are people with charisma and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them.Overall, Gladwell's book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins of trends. What's more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand.71.According to Gladwell, which of the following is a similarity between trends and epidemics?A. Both of them start from nowhereB. Both of them die out in a short timeC. Both of them become popular overnightD. Both of them change he way people think72. What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point?A. It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomenaB. It is intended to introduce the trends that once took overC. It deals with the ideas that most people identify withD. It explores How a trend originates and spreads73. The passage is most likely to beA. an adversementB. a reviewC. a news reportD. a feature story74. Salesmen work in the development of trends by means ofA people intention to follow themB the way they gather informationD. their influence on the trendsC. their professional knowledge（B）(*Please purchase a ticket before boarding the coach75. On December 25th, 2014, the first coach from, Heathrow Terminal I to Reading departs at____.A.7:15B.7:00C.6:50D.6:3576. If you are to reach Terminal 2 of the Heathrow Airport before 10: 00 a.m., you need to get to Reading Station not later than____.A $. 30am B.8:45am C.9:00a,m. D.9:15a.m77. The information leaflet is produced by____.A. ReadingB. IntercityC. Railair LinkD. Heathrow Airport(C)As students are discussing their favorite colleges, there’s one characteristic they can’t control their race. That’s one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful-of lawsuits, play down their affirmative action efforts these days. But make no mistake race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.In: Texas, public universities have managed to reduce the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the schools minority enrollment.Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic(西班牙裔) and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges headmasters from high schools with large minority populations to recommend qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 mainly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1296 students are black. Siler went hearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said: "Tm pleased I got two."Rice has also turned to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant’s race. But a new essay question asks about each student "background" and "cultural traditions". When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences and what they awkwardly call "overcome students", who have triumphed over hardship.Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she was far behind most accepted applicants: But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. All the newspapers say affirmative action is done, “says an experienced adviser at a large New York City high school. But nothing has changed. I have a(minority)kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s.78. What does the word outlaw"(in Para. 1)most probably mean?A. supportB. consider D. hateC. ban79. What can we infer from the passage about affirmative action?A. It guarantees students, of different races to be admitted equally.B It discriminates against minority students in college admissions.C. It gives preference to minority students in college admissions.D. It is popular with American colleges but not with the American public80. Why does Rice University send two recruiters to find minority applicants?A. Rice has a large minority populationB: Rice wants to maintain its minority enrollmentC Minority students do not favor Rice very muchD. Minority students have better school performance81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A: Here Comes Equality at LastB. Yes. Your Race Still MattersC. Well Done. Affirmative ActionD. Minorities Are Still a Minority in Universities(D)Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Sleep in a BoxHaving a newborn can be discouraging and troublesome. What do you need to buy? How will you get the baby to sleep? And how will you pay for everything? Could the answers to these worries lie in a “baby box"?The baby box has taken the world by storm, but what is it? Well, it originated in Finland in thel930s as a kind of basic items for parents-to-be. The box, provided by the government, contains supplies, such as bibs, nappies, and teething toys. It also comes with a small mattress, which is placed in the bottom of the box to cre ate the baby’s first small bed. Now, the idea of putting a child to sleep inbox may shock some. 82_______ the box has been a huge success and is said to be one of the main reasons why the death rate of infants in Finland is so low.A few years ago, stories of the Finnish baby box went relating to viruses. Other countries around the world have since caught onto the idea and adapted it to suit local needs. For example, in South Africa, the box is made of plastic and can be used as a bath rather than a bed. A(83* The version tested in India includes other appropriate supplies, such as a mosquito het to protect babies from malaria(疟疾).In Canada, additions to the baby box include a bed-side assistance booklet “to help fathers connect with their babies, Written in the style of a car-repair manual, the booklet offers first-timedads helpful advice on matters such as how to burp(使打嗝)their child. 84________ I wanted to make that moment available to all parents,” said Morris, a father of a two-month baby boy.85_________ Many believe governments should focus on providing parents with adequate maternity and paternity Leaves(父母产假) and improving health care and education．Good things cone in small packages, though, and for such a simple idea the baby box really does do a lot of things!第II卷Ⅰ.GrammarDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)E-cigarettes, widely prompted as an alternative (1)_____to smoking, are actually attracting young people who might not otherwise (2)_____(smoke) tobacco products, a new US study suggested Monday.E-cigarettes (3)_____(think) by some to be responsible for a decline in American youth cigarette smoking, but researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) indicated the reality is the opposite.The USCF researchers concluded that many kids who went on (4)_____(smoke) regular cigarettes may not have used nicotine(尼古丁) at all if e-cigarettes did not exist. "We didn't find any evidence that e-cigarettes are causing youth smoking to decline," said lead author Lauren Dutra of the UCSF.(5)_____ some of the kids using e-cigarettes were also smoking cigarettes, we found that kids who were at low risk of starting nicotine with cigarettes were using e-cigarettes," Dutra said. "Recent declines in youth smoking are likely (6)_____ tobacco control efforts, not to e-cigarettes."The findings, published in U.S. journal Pediatrics, built on a growing body of evidence that adolescents who start with e-cigarettes are (7)_____(likely) to subsequently smoke traditional cigarettes.They found that cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents declined during that decade, but did not decline faster (8)_____ the advent of e-cigarettes in the U.S. between 2007 and 2009."E-cigarettes are encouraging -- not discouraging -- youth to smoke and to consume nicotine, and (9)_____(expend) the tobacco market," said senior author Stanton Glantz, UCSF professor ofmedicine and director of the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.In August 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration restricted e-cigarette purchases to adults ages 18 and older. The FDA will also require a warning label on e-cigarettes, starting August 2018, regarding the addictive nature of nicotine. However, the FDA's (10)_____(rule) does not regulate advertising or flavors, and e-cigarettes continue to be sold in flavors that appeal to youth, the UCSF researchers said.(B)There seems never (11)______(be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, (12)______is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies (13)______ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are (14)______ the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, (15)______(step) into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much (16)______ they changed over the centuries but how much they (17)______(remain) the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and (18)______ persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys (19)______(appear). Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (20)______ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.(C)In a shocking turn of events, the Academy Award for Best Picture was mistakenly awarded to "La La Land," (21)______ cast(剧组演员) and crew took the stage and began giving speeches－until a moment later the producers realized actually the award (22)_______(mean) for "Moonlight”.Presenter Warren Beatty explained afterwards that he was handed the wrong envelope, which contained the winner for best actress Emma Stone(23)______(star) in " La la land” After staring at the card for several moments, in (24)______ appeared to be an attempt to build suspense, his co-presenter Faye Dunaway announced that “La La Land" had won best picture.Realizing the mistake, representatives of Price Waterhouse Coopers raced onstage to stop theacceptance speeches from the "La La Land” team, and called the "Moonlight" cast and crew to the stage. Barry Jenkins’ "Moonlight" had actually won best picture in a historic Oscar upset."La La land" came in with 14 nominations, a record that tied (25)_____with “Titanic” and “All About Eve”. Barry Jenkins tender, coming-of-age drama, made for just $1.5 million, is an unusually small Oscar winner. "Even in my wildest dreams this cannot be true, " said the astonished Jenkins once he reached the stage.Host Jimmy Kimmel had come forward(26)______(inform) the cast that "Moonlight" had indeed won, showing the inside of the envelope(27)_______ proof. And Producer Jordan Horwitz then graciously passed his statue to the "Moonlight" producers.Barry Jenkins, the writer-director of "Moonlight" and Tare Alvin McCraney, whose play it was based on, won for(28)_______(adapt) screenplay. “For all you people out there (29)_______feel like there isn’t a mirror out there for you, the academy has your back, the ACLU has your back and for the next four years we will not leave you alone, we will not forget you, " said Jenkins.Backstage, Oscar winner Emma Stone said, "I think everyone’s in a state of confusion still. Later the actress, who pledged her deep love of "Moonlight" added, "Is that(30)______(crazy)Oscar moment of all time? Cool!Ⅱ.Translation1．你是否具备了成为一名演员的必要素质？(take)2．不可否认的是均衡的饮食是保持健康的关键之一。

When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear them all down and _____ them with greener versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the_____carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up f or the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest_____, the greatest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some_____, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _____over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth, they can help_____property owners from rising power costs.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.”The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a “new world”in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a_____society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spiritof an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor，starve, and bleed: weare the most perfect society now existing in the world.”The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and_____ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of_____ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from_____origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. Inthe nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The_____of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.”The myth of success has even_____our personal relationships: today it’s as importantto be “successful”in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it”also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success_____ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressureof the myth, we become indulged in _____symbols: we try to live in the “right”neighborhoods, wear the “right” clothes, eat the “right” foods. These symbolsof distinction assure us and others that we believe_____in the fundamental equalityof all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens. 三、完型Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true 41 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organizeand 42 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 43 toparticipation opportunies. Children in low-income families and poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 44 the resources needed to pay for participation 45 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games as their communities do not have resources to build and 46 sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 47 some educators and developmental experts 48 that the behavior and character of children were 49 influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This 50 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 51 ways, you could influence the kinds of adultsthat those children would become.This belief that the social 52 influenced a person’s overall development was very 53 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 54 they might control the experiences of children to 55 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibilityand that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.41. A) among B) within C) on D) towards42. A) spread B) speed C) spin D) sponsor43. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route44. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack45. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare46. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain47. A) before B) while C) until D) when48. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited49. A) specifically B) excessively C) strongly D) exactly50. A) moved B) conducted C) put D) led51. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar52. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status53. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising54. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however55. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide四、阅读(A)There Student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers.Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off the Internet and turn them in as their work.Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student’s paper with every other term paper on the Web.A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. plagiarism. com. They also have a local data base of term papers.Teachers who sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web site. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work.Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.A U.C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites.Students that say they didn’t copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructors where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.56. One reason why plagiarism has increased is that ______.A. student cheat more todayB. their reasoning and survival skills improvedC. students couldn’t find information to copy before the Internet was developedD. it is so easy to cut and paste papers or parts of papers from the Internet57. Using the program developed at University of California at Berkeley, the papers are checked by using ______.A. printing and looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the InternetB. a search of many Web pages and a comparison of words usedC. asking the student where they got the information in the paperD. comparing all the papers which are turned in by the students58. If teachers want to find out if their students wrote their own papers, ______.A. they ask other teachers to read their students’ papersB. they ask their students to list their sources of informationC. they can sign up for the Internet serviceD. they search the Internet and compare papersBIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal areyoungsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: " I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.59. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.60. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success61. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.62. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C篇About 40 years ago the famous British band The Beatles sang that“money can’t buy me love”. Today British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF ) in London.The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives and at what cost to their environment.It would seem to be a common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising , even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example , comes at an unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific, Vanuatu comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their live? How long does an average person live ? How intensively does a country need to use its natural resources -- such as oil, land and water--to maintain standards. This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact . The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.“However, Germany ‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happylives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s center for well-being.So happy planet Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their Ecological Footprint”and Life satisfaction Level “or ”Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www. happy planet /survey.htm.63. The story is mainly about ____________________.A. in which countries people feel the happiest.B.why money can’t you happiness.C.what index can influence people’s happiness.D.the happy planet index published recently64.According to the passage, the index has something to do with_________________.A.wealth, education, resources and heath.B. lives, heath, resources and environmentC.pressure, accommodation, resources and heathD. education, money, environment and resources65. Countries that have low HPI rankings___________________________.A. are only developing countries.B. have far fewer happy peopleC. have a greater impact on environmentD. do not enjoy plenty of resource66. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that______________________.A. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly.B. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources.C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives.D. history and culture play an important role in people”s lives.六选四Directions: complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December nineteen forty-one had brought Americainto the war. And it had severely damaged American military power. But Rooseveltdecided not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67 . There were several reasons for Roosevelt’s decision.First, Germany already controlled much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct threat. 68 . Second, Germanywas an advanced industrial nation. It had many scientists and engineers. Its factorieswere modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might be able to develop deadlynew weapons, such as an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly. Third, Britain historicall y was one of America’s closest allies. And the British people were unitedand fighting for their lives against Germany. This was not true in Asia. Japan’smost important opponent was China. But China’s fighting forces were weak and divided,and could not offer strong opposition to the Japanese.Hitler’s decision to break his treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet Unionmade Roosevelt’s final choice. The American leader recognized that the Germans wouldhave to fight on two fronts: in the west against Britain and in the east against Russia.69 . So Washington sent most of its troops and supplies to Britain to join thefight against Germany.American military leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by launching an attackacross the English Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet forces were suffering terrible losses from the Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americansto fight the Germans on the west.However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other leaders opposed launching an invasion across the English Channel too quickly. They worried that such an invasion might fail, while the Germans were still so strong. 70 . For this reason, British and American forces decided instead to attack the Italian and German occupation troops in north Africa.概要写作：It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering things”like arithmetic or historical facts, bur also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅到，闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learn to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but but in some physical objects and puters ,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--ready for instant use.An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is a but fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.翻译1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在比赛中败北。

上海交通大学附属中学2019届高一分班考（英语）（答案一律写在答题卡上）I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1.in 1954, High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University （JDFZ） enjoys ahigh reputation for its quality education.A. FoundB. FoundedC. FoundingD. Having founded2.The global economy cannot have seen time in the past year, but now most companies arcbecoming optimistic.A. the bestB. a betterC. the worseD. a worse3.'Tm more nervous right now than when I ____ J ane said, as she saw the group ofreporters waiting anxiously at the exit of the gymnasium.A. had competedB. competesC. was competingD. have competed4.Jenny had just walked out of the classroom she heard her deskmate calling her thatshe had left her mobile phone on the desk.A. whileB. whenC. asD. since5.with serious employment difficulties, China has to enlarge employmentopportunities and spare no effort to ensure economic growth and social stability.A. FacedB. FacingC. To faceD. Having faced6.Since its beginning, the television industry 巾the US by three companies, the ABC,the CBS, and the NBC.A. had been controlled B・ has been controlledC. are controlledD. was controlled7.— doesn't matter is whether she will join in our activity or not, for we have enough members.A. ItB. WhatC. ThatD. Which8.Whatever we do, wc will make iK as long as wc take the passion we should have toachieve our goals.A. whenB. whatC. whichD. where9.Is this the best way you thought of people getting into the dangerous areas?A. to stopB. stoppingC. stoppedD. to have stopped10.If a shop has chairs women can park their men. they will spend more time in the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where11.Everyone who saw Star Wars said that it was one of the best science fiction movies thatA. had releasedB. was releasedC. had been releasedD. released12.The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen immediately.A. atB. toC. onD. with13.the prices and functions of diflcrcnt types of cameras before you make up your mitid which tobuy.A. CompareB. ComparingC. ComparedD. To compare14.Has Sam finished his homework today?--I have no idea. He it this morning.A. was doingB. has doneC. didD. had done15.An awfiil accident,however, occur at the street comer the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had toic strips arc a set of humorous drawings a funny story is told.A. in thatB. in whichC. of thatD. of which17.Dogs come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, was 95 centimeters tall.A. the larger of thoseB. the largest of whomC. the larger of whichD. the largest of which18.Facing the economic depression, every possible means this year to save thecompany from going bankrupt.A. has been triedB. has triedC. have been triedD. have tried19.Guide dogs go to a special school they work with a sighted trainer before they arc sent to theblind. A. / B. that C. where D. which20.Have you ever heard such stories about dogs in this book?A. as they arc describedB. that they arc describedC. as are describedD. that are described21.In the survey (hey listed twelve kinds of food would allect the work of the brain.A. that were believedB. which the experts believedC. the experts believed thatD. the experts believed22.It was in the study I was doing my research I last saw your laptop.A. where...thatB. that...whereC. where... whereD. that... that23.It was two months the young man mastered the skill of running the machine introduced fromGermany.A. sinceB. whenC. thatD. before24.Many cartoonists wonderful products arc so popular will always be remembered.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. whose25.Some foreign scientists predict that it may be at most ten years it is possible forChinese astronauts to walk on the moon.A. beforeB. sinceC. whenD. after26.The father and his son the cartoon in this unit shows are very popular comic strip characters.A. whichB. whatC. whomD. whose27.The reason reading cartoons and comic strips is a favorite pastime for adults is they can findsome food for thought in addition to being amused.A. why...whyB. why...thatC. that...that B. that...why28.The ertbrts made by the researchers possible the appearance of a new life-saving medicine.A. were madeB. madeC. made itD. were made it29.The workers overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead oftime,is something we had not expected.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. it30.The poem by Pushkin smoothly and has remarkable depth. It is.A. is read; worth recitingB. reads; worthy of recitingC. will read; worth being recitedD. reads; worthy to be recited31.The public opinion was that the time was not for the election.A. ripeB. reasonableC. readyD. practical32.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge.A. extensiveB. expansiveC. intensiveD. expensive33.We volunteered to collect money to help the of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers34.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. UkclyC. SimilarlyD. Generally35.The of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier todo.A. additionB. applicationC. associationD. aftection36.Mayor was invited to make some not only on what happened, including theconflict between several residents and the police, but also on what will happen, an international conference on global trade included.A. comincntsB. speechC. eflbrtsD. progress37.The car salesman look the customer for a drive in the new model in order to its improved features.A. exposeB. demonstrateC. exhibitD. reveal38.In Britain people four million tons of potatoes every year.A. swallowB. exhaustC. consumeD. digest39. 1 have a very arrangement with my employer so I can work whenever it suits me.A. feasibleB. flexibleC. reasonableD. stable40.Il's surprising that this innocent-looking girl should have such a crime.A. performedB. inventedC. committedD. undertaken41.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of.A. orderB. placeC. handD. reach42.All these tour factors to his great success in business.A. contributeB. applyC. respondD. reply43.To save time, (he group leader asked another three workers to the goods off the tnick.A. undertakeB. unloadC. dissolveD. dismiss44.The police made a final decision to set a to catch the cruel murderer right away.A. deviceB. trapC. trickD. network45.People suflering flu will show syrnpioms of cough with headache.A. accustomedB. acquiredC. accompaniedD. added46.Because of his good work, he was to a higher position.A. chosenB. electedC. promotedD. raised47.An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special on life and a specialfeeling about life.A. outputB. outcomeC. outlineD. outlook48.The dnig manufoctxirer has been ordered to require on all his aspirin productswarning of a link between aspirin and rare children's diseases.A. cluesB. symbolsC. labelsD. contexts49.People will suffer from the natural disasters in the hiture because there is a growing that we aredangerously warming our planet.A. markB. symbolC. signalD. evidence50.John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a person learns bydoing, and that leaching musi the curiosity and creativity of children.A. seekB. temptC. stimulateD. attract51.The theory Einstein raised was so that few scientists could understand at first.A. absoluteB. abstractC. accurateD. actual52.The doctors came to the conclusion that the patients' blindness was.A. contemporaryB. gloriousC. temperateD. temporary53.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have supplies ofpetroleum.A. sufficientB. superiorC. completeD. potential54.The young actress is very about her success; she says it's as much the result ofgood kick as of her own talent.A. concernedB. modestC. certainD. curious55.We should always bear in mind that if we are of our health for promotion, disease will graduallyapproach us with （he help of tiredness.A. independentB. carefulC. ignorantD. confidentII.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story 56 ___________________ c oncerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his idealistic 57 for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgcrakrs masterpiece, The Greal Galsby explores 58— of decadence （堕落）,idealism, resistance to change, social disturbance, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as an alarming tale regarding the American Drcam.Fitzgerald, 59 by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's north shore, began planning the novel in 1923 desiring to produce, in his words, "something new一something extraordinary and bcautiftil and simple and carefully 60 Progress was slow with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor. Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was too vague and 61 _____________________________________________ t he author to revise over the next winter. Fitzgerald was uncertain about the book's title, at various times wishing to rc-titlc the novel Trimalchio in West Egg.First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received 62 reviews and sold poorly; in its first yean the book sold only 20.000 copies. Fitzgerald died in 1940. believing hitnself to be a failure and his work forgotten. However, the novel 63 a revival during World War II. and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film 64 in the following decades. Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a strong competitor for the title H Grcat American Nover'. The book is 65 ranked among the greatest works of American literature. In 1998 the Modem Library editorial board voted it the best American novel and the second best novel in the English language.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there arc four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health/, But 66 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter docs _67_ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is diflicuh to 68_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _69— benefits the way, say , walking or jogging docs.70 , instead of straining muscles to build thenk as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _71—, studies dating back to the 1930*s indicate thai laughter _72 muscles.Such bodily reaction might help moderate the efiects of psychological stress. Anj^vay, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 73_ feedback that improve an individual's emotional state. _74_ one classical theory of emotion. our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19lh century that humans do not cry because they arc sad but they become sad when the tears begin to _75_.Although sadness also happens before tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow fiom muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to _76_ a pen either with their teeth --- thereby creating an artificial smile -- or with their lips, which would produce a _77_ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles _78— more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown. _79_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 80 the physical act of laughter could improve mood.66. A. among B. except C. despite D. like67. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce68. A. release B. maintain C. evaluate D. observe69. A. measurable B. manageable C. aflbrdable D. renewable70. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief71. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected72. A. hardens B. weakens C. lightens D. relaxes73. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal74. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for75. A. fall B. ascend C. flow D. float76. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold77. A. disappointed B. natural C. joyful D. funny78. A. adapted B. catered C. lumed D. reacted79. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing80. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. ConverselySection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are lour choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AA is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious （勤勤恳恳的）way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P. for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able io sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a belter job. a raise, praise-many people are still unable—or unwilling—to "play the game.”“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工计的）behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at I lofstra University. 4*But politics derives from the word ’polite'. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.^ In fhet, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace. In many eases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well."The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perlorm well on a consistent basis,”' says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “B ut if two or three candidates are up ibr a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote ihc person he or she likes best. Ifs simple human nature."Yet, psychologists say. many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery （奉承）.fearful that, if they speak up fbr themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss fbr favors.Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need fbr some self-promotion.81.. “Office politics” （Line 2, Para. 4） is used in the passage to refer to.A）t he code of behavior ibr company staffB）the political views and beliefs of office workersC）the interpersonal relationships within a companyD）the various qualities required for a succcssfiil career82.To get promoted, one must not only be competent but .A) give his boss a good impression B) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleagues D) avoid being too outstanding83.Why are many people unwilling to “play the game', (Line 4, Para. 5)?A)They believe that doing so is impractical.B)They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C)They arc not good at manipulating colleagues.D)They think the eftbrt will get them nowhere.84.The author considers office politics to be.A)unwelcome at the workplaceB)bad for interpersonal relationshipsC)indispensable to the development of company cultureD)an important factor for personal advancement85.It is the author's view that.A)speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB)self-promotion docs not necessarily mean flatteryC)hard work contributes very little to one's promotionD)many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)As Artificial Intclligencc(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there arc growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot docs chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to pul the pci cat in the oven to make dinner tor the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values/' said Russell.Some robots arc already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there arc cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They arc dangerous only if programmers arc careless.The biggest concem with robots going against human values is that human beings foil to so sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, wc go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what wc believe in morak and how to create a set of ethical Riles. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.86.What docs the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)lt can be avoided if human values arc translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.87.What would wc think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author4?A)They are aggressive.B)Thcy arc outgoing.C)Thcy arc ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.88.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.89.What will a well-programmed robot do when Hieing an unusual situation?A)kcep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufiicient testing before taking action.90.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Dctcnninc what is moral and ethical.B)Dcsign some large-scale experiments.C)Set Riles for man-inachine interaction.D)Dcvelop a more sophisticated program.【参考答案】01-10 BDCBA BBCAD11-20CBAAB BBACC21-30BADDACBCCD31-40ABACB ABCBC41-50DABBC CCCDC：51-55 BDABC56-65 KJ Dill CEAFB66-80 A DBDB ADABABADAB 81-90 ACDCB CDCBA。

上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年度第一学期高一英语期中试卷I. Listening comprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21.--Could you please translate this sentence for me? I think it’s in French.--Sorry. I ________ evening lesson for one year and I almost forget the language.A. had takenB. was takingC. have takenD. took22.It ________ many years before Michelangelo ________ painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.A. was…finishedB. was…had finishedC. had been…had finishedD. is…finished23.Why are you here! It’s snowing so heavily outside! You ________ in person, and a phone call would have been enough.A. don’t need to comeB. couldn’t have comeC. might not have comeD. needn’t have come24.You have to think of a way if you are not socially active, because you have no alternative but ________ the working environment.A. be fit inB. to fit inC. fitting inD. fit in25.He was very sensitive to any change, so he was sure someone ________ his room.A. would have enteredB. might have enteredC. can have enteredD. must have entered26.The financial crisis emerged in January this year and ________ in strength ever since.A. had grownB. grewC. has been growingD. grows27.The young man who is ________ can’t even imagine a bit about what happened ________ of the last century.A. in the 20s…in the 80sB. in his 20s…in 80sC. in his 20s…in the 80sD. in the 20s…in 80s28.The phone is ringing! ________ it be your teacher Shawn? He was looking for you the whole morning since you’ve got so many Fails!A. CanB. WouldC. MayD. Will29.I prefer to have those advanced machines ________ rather than let them ________ by the enemies!A. destroyed…usedB. to be destroyed…be usedC. destroyed…be usedD. to be destroyed…used30.If customers think the services are worthwhile, I do believe many of them ________ accept and pay for them.A. had betterB. may wellC. may as wellD. may31.I remembered ________ myself what to do the next day, but I still forgot ________ any of them.A. telling…doingB. to tell…doingC. to tell…to doD. telling…to do32.With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months.A. such many…thereB. many such…itC. such many…itD. many such…there33.Never step back! Courage is all ________ takes to conquer that seemingly impossible mission.A. whatB. thatC. oneD. it34.“The population ________ issue is severe in USA, but the country has never had more kids, and participation in high school sports has never been higher,” said a professor ________ around 50.A. aging…agingB. aged…agedC. aging…agedD. aged…aging35.For all of the diligent students here, I give you my promise: Work hard, and you ________ be rewarded!A. canB. needC. shallD. could36.--Can I have a talk with Johnson?--Oops! He ________ for only ten minutes.A. was awayB. has been awayC. has leftD. left37.As a result, he became ________ looking upward ________ he received a letter during that period, he had to hold it over his head to read it.A. used to…whenB. so used to…thatC. so used to…as whenD. so used to…that when38.If approved by the States Assembly, the law will ________ on 1 July 2013.A. come into beingB. come into effectC. put into effectD. take into effect39.Few people are as successful as Harrison ________ his age, and to be honest, he looks very young ________ his age.A. of…atB. by…forC. at…forD. in…at40.Since the terrorist attacks, foreigners have had to ________ considerably more troubles to enter this country.A. go thoughB. pull throughC. get throughD. break through41.The introduction ________ the book roughly talks about whether the introduction ________ independent taxation does good to local finances or not.A. to…toB. of…toC. to…ofD. of…in42.In Dai minority villages, countrymen ________ guests in their bamboo homes with hot and sour dishes, together with ice-cold beer that cools you a lot.A. receiveB. prepareC. handleD. prefer43.His ________ were published during the last decade, one of which talks about the child laborers’ miserable life in a local ________.A. work…workB. works…worksC. work…worksD. works…work44.“We owe it to our children to be honest about the world and to provide them with material written ________ for them,” a young educator said.A. speciallyB. peculiarlyC. specificallyD. uniquely45.Lying on his back on the cold floor in this ________ house, he suddenly started to feel sorry for himself, ________.A. lonely…bursting into cryingB. alone…bursting our cryingC. alone…bursting out tearsD. lone…bursting into tears46.But the local authorities say it is not clear how quickly services will be ________ to normal.A. storedB. recoveredC. restoredD. discovered47.And although my stories are ________, I like to think that there is some truth in them, too – truth aboutthe way people and animals feel and think and act.A. imaginaryB. imaginativeC. imaginableD. imaging48.She ________ at the author’s great novels and so she became an admirer of him.A. wonderedB. surprisedC. shockedD. amazedSection B(A)A. literaryB. satisfyC. mentallyD. shape AB. comprehendAC. appreciation AD. means BC. physically BD. striveCD. identify ABC. acquireThe Sculptor SpeaksAppreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimensions(维度). That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve __49__ of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are ‘form-blind’ than color-blind. Children learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for their personal safety and practical needs, they have to develop partly by __50__ of touch, the ability to judge roughly three-dimensional distances. But after they __51__ the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may __52__ considerable accuracy in the perception(知觉，感知) of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to __53__ form in its full spatial existence.This is what the sculptor must do. He must __54__ continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely in the hollow of his hand. He __55__ visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he will have to __56__ himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; and he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as __57__, not as description or reminiscence(回忆，联想). He must, for example, see an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the __58__ idea that it will become a bird. And so withsolids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.(B)A. expertB. introducedC. characterD. separation AB. establishedAC. variety AD. admired BC. complexity BD. fascinated CD. originalsABC. regardedClassical Roman dramaFollowing the expansion of the Roman Republic into several Greek territories between 270-240 BC, Rome encountered Greek drama. From the later years of the republic and by means of the Roman Empire, theatre spread west across Europe and reached England; Roman theatre was more varied, extensive and sophisticated than that of any culture before it.While Greek drama continued to be performed throughout the Roman period, the year 240 BC marks the beginning of regular Roman drama. From the beginning of the empire, however, interest in full-length drama declined in favor of a broader __59__ of theatrical entertainments. The first important works of Roman literature were the tragedies and comedies that Livius Andronicus wrote from 240 BC. Five years later, Gnaeus Naevius also began to write drama. No plays from either writer have survived. Andronicus was most appreciated for his tragedies and Naevius for his comedies; their successors(继任者) tended to be __60__ at one or the other, which led to a(n) __61__ of the subsequent development of each type of drama.By the beginning of the 2nd century BC, drama was firmly __62__ in Rome and an association of writers had been formed. The Roman comedies that have survived are all “fabula palliate” (comedies based on Greek subjects) and come from two dramatists: Plautus and Terence. In re-working the Greek __63__, the Roman comic dramatists abolished the role of the chorus(合唱) in dividing the drama into episodes and __64__ musical accompaniment to its dialogue. The action of all scenes is set in the street and its complications often follow from eavesdropping(偷听).Plautus, the more popular of the two, wrote between 205 and 184 BC and twenty of his comedies survive; people __65__ him for the wisdom of his dialogue and his use of various poetic meters. All of the six comedies that Terence wrote between 166 and 160 BC have survived; the __66__ of his plots, in which he often combined several Greek stories, was sometimes criticized, but his double-plots enabled a sophisticated presentation of contrasting human behavior. No early Roman tragedy survives, though it was highly __67__ in its day; historians know of three early tragedians—Quintus Ennius, Marcus Pacuvius, and Lucius Accius.From the time of the empire, the work of two tragedians survives—one is an unknown author, while the other is the philosopher Seneca. Nine of Seneca’s tragedies survive, all of which are tragedies from Greek stories. Historians do not know who wrote the only extant example of the fabula praetexta (tragedies based on Roman subjects), Octavia, but in former times it was mistakenly attributed to Seneca due to his appearance as a(n) __68__ in the tragedy.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AWar Peace, epic historical novel by Leo Tolstoy, originally published as “Voyna i mir” in 1865-69. This overall study of early 19th-century Russian society noted for its mastery of realistic detail and variety of psychological analysis, __69__ as one of the world’s greatest novels. It has been widely __70__ for the stage, film, and television. Among the most notable film versions is that directed by Sergey Bondarchuk, which won an Academy Award in 1968.War and Peace is primarily __71__ with the histories of five aristocratic(贵族的) families--__72__ the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys, and the Rostovs--the members of which are portrayed __73__ a vivid background of Russian social life during the war against Napoleon. Tolstoy uses their individual stories to portray Russia on the edge of a disastrous conflict with Napoleon’s France. Events swiftly move the central characters toward this inevitable war. No other writer is better than Tolstoy in the scale of his epic vision, which shows the mood of whole cities, the movement of armies, and the sense of coming __74__ of the entire society. Moreover, the interconnected nature of the personal and the political is __75__ explored. As Tolstoy examines his characters’ emotional reactions to the rapidly changing circumstances in which they find themselves, he uses them to represent Russian society’s responses to the demands of both war and peace.The theme of war, __76__, is not so important as the story of family life, which __77__ Tolstoy’s optimistic belief in the life-affirming(积极向上的) pattern of human existence. The heroine, Natasha Rostova, __78__, reaches her greatest fulfillment through her marriage to Pierre Bezukhov and through motherhood. The novel also sets forth a theory of history, concluding that there is a __79__ of free choice; all is ruled by an inevitable historical determinism(决定论).War and Peace is one of those few texts – James Joyce’s Ulysses is another – that are atoo often read as some kind of __80__ test, only to be either abandoned halfway or displayed as a victory, never to be touched again. It is indeed very long, but it is a novel that is truly worth close attention and re-reading. Like the movies of Andrei Tarkovsky, whose life and thoughts were greatly __81__ by Tolstoy, once you enter into his Russia, you will not want to leave: and in this __82__, the length of the text becomes a virtue, since there is simply more of it to read. Tolstoy may be unjustly famed for his ability to talk off the point, but to sacrifice the unity of the full novel for a short version of the text is to __83__ the reading experience.69. A. comes out B. bursts out C. stands out D. wipes out70. A. adopted B. adapted C. adjusted D. applied71. A. concerned B. regarded C. connected D. combined72. A. peculiarly B. commonly C. usually D. particularly73. A. against B. for C. on D. among74. A. delight B. treatment C. suffering D. relief75. A. comfortably B. masterfully C. correctly D. admirably76. A. therefore B. furthermore C. however D. otherwise77. A. equals B. handles C. involves D. measures78. A. in particular B. for example C. in consequence D. as a result79. A. minimum B. generosity C. maximum D. decision80. A. performance B. standardized C. endurance D. academic81. A. infected B. affected C. touched D. influenced82. A. meaning B. mind C. spirit D. sense83. A. benefit B. damage C. follow D. rewardSection B(A)Michelangelo (1475-1564) is known as one of the greatest painters and sculptors in history. As a key figure of the High Renaissance, he is specifically celebrated for his ambitious approach to scale and his expertise on anatomy(解刨). While all of his masterworks convey his undeniable talent, his world-famous fresco(湿壁画) on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel stands above the rest.Painted for the pope, the composition depicts a range of religious iconography(象征手法) in Michelangelo’s distinctive style, making it one of the most cherished masterpieces in the world.The Sistine Chapel is a large chapel named after Pope Sixtus IV, who oversaw its restoration in the late 15th century. Historically, the chapel has had various important functions. Today, it still possesses its religious role, as it serves as the site where the next pope is elected.What the Sistine Chapel is most well-known for, however, is its ceiling. Painted by Florentine fine artist Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni between 1508 and 1512, the complex and colorful fresco is celebrated for its realistic figures, vast size, and innovative process.By the early 16th century, Michelangelo were a respected artist known throughout Italy. He was particularly praised for his ability—both in painting and sculpture—figures with lifelike anatomical features, as evident in his famous David statue from 1504. Given the artist’s reputation, it is no surprise that Pope Julius ordered him to decorate the ceiling of Sistine Chapel, whose walls were already decorated with frescoes by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and other famed artists.While the pope’s plans for the ceiling was centered around a depiction of the 12 apostles(门徒), Michelangelo had bigger plans: he would paint several scenes in Bible featuring over 300 figures.Like many other Italian Renaissance painters, he used a fresco technique, meaning he applied washes of paint to wet plaster(石灰泥). In order to create an illusion of depth, Michelangelo would remove some of the wet medium prior to painting. This method ended in visible “outlines” around his figures—a detail considered characteristic of the artist. As plaster dries quickly, Michelangelo worked in sections, applying planes of fresh plaster each day.Today, the Sistine Chapel remains both a popular tourist destination and highly religious site. Roughly 25,000 people view the spectacular ceiling each day, proving the lasting legacy of one of Michelangelo’s most well-known works and of the striking art of the High Renaissance.84.From paragraph 1, we know that Michelangelo ________.A. had a good knowledge of buildingB. had a particularly ambitious life goalC. was expert at sculptingD. stood above the chapel while painting85.Fresco painted by Michelangelo stands out for the following characteristics EXCEPT that _______.A. its production procedures are creativeB. the figures shown in the fresco are lifelikeC. it is large in size painted in black and whiteD. it shows a number of scenes in the Bible86.In making the fresco, Michelangelo would _______.A. create outlines around the figures in itB. apply all the fresh plaster in the beginningC. remove some paint from the wet plasterD. avoid making an illusion of depth87.Which one of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The Sistine Chapel, named after Pope Sixtus IV, was built up in the late 15th century.B. The ceiling had partly been painted by other artists before Michelangelo started.C. It was at the age of 33 that Michelangelo finished the seemingly impossible task.D. The chapel maintained its religious function apart from being a scenic spot.(B)Italy has produced many brilliant minds who have made their mark on art history. During the Renaissance(文艺复兴), the Italian city-states were at the center of an incredible flowering of visual culture that would not only influence generations onward but would also redefine what it meant to be an artist. Painters and sculptors came to be seen not only as craftsmen, but also men of learning who could express something deeply personal. Then came the drama and intensity of the Baroque artists. Modern times brought more change, some artists explored deeply into their medium while others turned to political and social issues. All along the way, there were standout personalities who illuminated the concerns of their time. Check out some of the most interesting figures in Italian art.Leonardo da VinciMuch has been said about this true Renaissance man, who was not only a painter but a mathematician, scientist, engineer, inventor, architect and much, much more. His endless curiosity and imagination led him to dream up machines that were far ahead of his time, study anatomy(解刨学) in brand-new ways and, of course, create paintings and drawings that would impress people for many centuries. In his paintings, there is an overwhelming sense of the mystery of existence – the mystery that he sought to chase and understand.Michelangelo BuonarottiIn many ways, Michelangelo defined what it means to be an artist. Though he’s known for his paintings, he considered himself first and foremost a sculptor. Born and raised in a little town, he grew up to be a master of anatomy. He used the straining and twisting muscles of the human body to express his powerful vision of the world. His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture.Giovanni BelliniBellini was the Venetian of the Renaissance who took the medium of oil painting to a new expressive capacity. He was the pioneer of a technique where the colors were gradually built up in thin, translucent(半透明) layers. The end result is glossy, rich and shining like no other. In his paintings, you’ll find a kind of peaceful silence, lighted by gorgeous colors that seem to be lit from within.Artemisia GentileschiArtemisia is one of the great boundary-breaking painters of the Baroque era. Female artists of her time were confined to still life paintings and portraits, because it was considered improper for women to paint from the nude figure. But Artemisia wouldn’t let that stop her. At just 17, she broke taboos with her painting of Susanna and the Elders, in which she proudly displays a full-frontal nude(裸体) in the center of the frame. She was raped two years later by another painter and experienced physical sufferings during the investigation of the trial, but her struggles only fueled her artistic production as she turned out painting after painting of strong, defiant women.88.Which of the following group is the common point of the works of the artists mentioned above?A. Pioneer and originalB. Conservative but pioneerC. Powerful and beautifulD. Mysterious but direct89.What does “defiant” probably mean in the last paragraph?A. admirableB. challengingC. disrespectfulD. obedient90.Which one of the following statement is FALSE according to the passage?A. Giovanni was expert at making use of colors and was also a leader in artistic expression.B. As a master of anatomy, Michelangelo handled human bodies very well in his works.C. Despite their amazing sculptures, sculptors were seen as craftsman during the Renaissance.D. Leonardo da Vinci was curious and imaginative enough to stand ahead of his times.(C)“I’ve never met a human worth cloning,” says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. “It’s a stupid endeavor.” That’s an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone as 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeed, though they have cloned two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring — or perhaps not for another five years. It seems the reproductive system of man’s best friend is one of the mysteries of modern science.Westhusin’s experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, he and the A&M team has failed over and over again. The wastage of eggs and the many fetuses（胎）may be acceptable when you’re dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. “Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous,” he says.Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. “A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right,” says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy’s mysterious billionaire owner; he’s put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M’s research.Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she does die. The prototype is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and super-smart. Missy’s master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament. In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owner and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy.”Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals.However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ “Why would you ever want to clone humans,” Westhusin asks, “when we’re not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?”91.By cloning Missy, Mark Westhusin and A&M team attempt to ________.A. figure out the possibility of human cloningB. find out the differences between Missy and its cloneC. study why the prototype, Missy, is so athletic and smartD. show their love for lovely Missy since it has passed away92.It can be seen from the passage that dog cloning _________.A. was conducted long before the sheep cloningB. has gained an unexpected cold response from the societyC. has posed a great financial challenge to WesthusinD. can generate an enormous wealth of economic returns93.What is Westhusin’s attitude towards what he is doing?A. CarefulB. OptimisticC. PassiveD. Indifferent94.What can be learned from the passage?A. Current cloning techniques have proved quite adequate for human cloning.B. The outcome of Westhusin’s dog cloning project remains uncertain.C. Dangerous as it is, cloning is an incredibly efficient method.D. Westhusin thought it an interesting attempt to clone human beings.第II卷I. Blank Filling1.Along the way you can’t help but ________ (stop) to hike to a waterfall or take landscape shots.2.Ignoring these mistakes may lead them ________ (suffer) the biggest disaster ever.3.The students seemed ________ (expect) the professor to talk just like others, but the discovery that his speech was very interesting delighted them.4.Do not have those children too young ________ (take) too much pressure.5.Francis Chichester arrived in Australia on 12 December, and he received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who ________ (fly) there to meet him.6.The ship ________ (measure) 70 meters long and 14 meters wide, with the capacity to hold 120 containers.7.When I talked with my dad on the phone, he sounded weak, but by the time we ________ (hang) up, his voice was full of life.8.The boss is wise enough to keep those who are able ________ (motivate) through all these rewards and punishments.II. TranslationSection A1.________________________ (come 这里的雕塑有三种不同的大小) and people can choose whichever they like.2.Often, how to give basic first aid ________________________ (mean 是生死攸关的).3.Though the plans sound ridiculous, most of our department managers think they ________________________ (worthy 值得考虑一下)4.The word “handicapped” ________________________ (被认为是不尊重人的) because it implies that a person is helpless.5.After Alice’s father passed away, she finally came to understand ________________________ (她父亲的一生是多么的孤独).6.In the past decade, his successful operas ________________________ (吸引了许多观众).7.________________________ (这位建筑师充分利用了这些材料) and finally he was able to construct a new station building in Bridgnorth and restore the existing 1862 building.8.After years of pains and sufferings, standing on the winner’s podium, he ________________________ (喜极而泣).Section B1.这栋大楼里有一家装配了高级音响系统的剧院。

2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语第一学期摸底考试卷I.Listening Comprehension(略)II.Grammar and Vocabulary(20分)Section ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place,not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts(21)our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through,and this is essential for plants(22)(make)the food which we eat.Heat,too,makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space,but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun(23) (screen)off.As soon as men leave the atmosphere,they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft,(24)they are inside,do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is(25)(great)known danger to explorers in space.The unit of radiation is called"rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than0.1rem without(26)(damage); the figure of60rems has been agreed on.The trouble is(27)it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well,but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged,and this will not be discovered(28)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and,during the outward and return journeys,the Apollo crew accumulated(积累)a large amount of rems.So far,no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported,but the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply don't know yet(29)men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere,working in a space laboratory.Drugs might help to decrease the damage(30)(do)by radiation,but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Living JewelsBefore I went to the British Koi Keepers Annual Show,I didn’t understand(31)people could take fish so seriously.However,the more I learned about koi,the more interested I became.As one expert told me, "Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think.They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch."Freddie Mercury,the lead singer of Queen,would have agreed the pool in his specially-built Japanese garden was home to89koi,(32)cost up to$10,000each.At the show I met koi enthusiast Jean Kelly.“Koi are getting more and more expensive,”she told me.“One recently sold for$250,000.”I was shocked that's almost as much as I paid for my house.Well,that was a record,(33)(admit)Jean.The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.Nevertheless,serious collectors can pay up to$15,000for a fully(34)(grow)koi,which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car,and the bigger they are,the more they cost.The cheapest I(35)find was$75each,but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish.Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either.“Actually,these koi aren’t any nicer than (36),”she commented.“(37)they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got,I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean,but I did consider(38)(buy)one.Then I remembered that all but5of Freddie Mercury's koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool.Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better,and that looking(39)koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet.However,in the end I decided to stick with my goldfish.They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi——but they’re a great deal cheaper(40) (replace)!Section B(10分)Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.associatedB.likelyC.decreasesD.abstractE.limitF.funG.contributes H.consistently I.favorably J.reasoned K.averageThe Beatles sang that money can't buy you love.But what about happiness?Research(41)_____shows that the more money people have,the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lives.And that makes sense:money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying;the easier your life, the happier you tend to be.That relationship isn't entirely linear,since there's a(n)(42)_____to how much wealth can please you;the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don't have much money to start with,and(43)_____as wealth increases.But studies also reveal that as(44)_____income levels have risen over time—in the U.S.and European nations,for example—residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were30or40years ago.It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be(45)_____within a population at any given moment,overall economic growth does not appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time.(See a gallery of things money can buy.) To understand why,researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income.What does wealth mean to people?Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more—and are happier—when it compares(46)_____to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you make that(47)_____to satisfaction,but how much more money you make than,say,the national average.The higher your salary than the norm,the happier you tend to be.That could explain in part why populations as a whole do not experience sunnierdispositions with economic growth,since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income average.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather(48)_____.The researchers wondered whether there was a more nuanced way to capture how people valued their income.They(49)_____that people tend to make specific comparisons of personal wealth,not only with the average income of the larger population,but with the individual incomes of their neighbors,colleagues at work or friends from college.And the higher their rank,the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would(50)_____be."For example,people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person,or the eighth most highly paid person,in their comparison set,"write the authors, Chris Boyce,a psychologist at the University of Warwick,and Simon Moore,a psychologist at Cardiff University.III.Reading Comprehension(45分）Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.The beauty,majesty,and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable.It is impossible to(51)______ on film,to describe in words,or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have(52)______over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today.Rainforests represent a store of living and(53)______renewable natural resources that for eons,by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species,have(54)______a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind.These resources have included basic food supplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices, industrial raw materials,and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest.(55)______,the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system.Everything is so(56)______that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole.Sadly,it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to(57)______forever.The scale of human(58)______on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since1980the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by30percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen——at a cost to our(59)______.In2001,the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice,wheat,and corn is expected to grow by40%by2020,increasing irrigation water demands by50%or more.They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year2050;(60)______,it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world's demand for wood.In1950,about15percent of the Earth's land surface was covered by rainforest.Today,more than half has already gone up in(61)______.In fewer than fifty years,more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen(62)______to fire and the chain saw,and the rate of destruction is still accelerating.Unbelievably,more than 200,000acres of rainforest are burned every day.That is more than150acres lost every minute of every day,and 78million acres lost every year!More than20percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone,and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues.It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000square miles a year.If nothing is done to curb this(63)______,the entire Amazon could well be gone withinfifty years.Massive(64)______brings with it many ugly consequences-air and water pollution,soil erosion,malaria epidemics,the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the(65)______of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals.Fewer rainforests mean less rain,less oxygen for us to breathe,and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A.changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A.energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A.contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A.However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A.active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A.restore B.support C.revive st58.A.pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A.subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A.appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increaseSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is fundamentally imperfect.Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use---quantities such as speed, density,or electric power.All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined in terms of natural properties that are beyond human control.For example,the standard second(time)is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation released by atoms of a special metal.The standard meter(length),in turn,is defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram.This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder(铂-铱合金筒)locked away by the international Bureau of Weighs&Measures in France.Embarrassingly,the last time the copies were brought for a checkup in the1980s,officials found that some copies had gained about20parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the1940s.This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one knows what causes the weight changes.But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg hopes eventually to define mass in terms of electrical units.So far,none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit.They require precision of measurement and control of experimental conditions.The slightest pollution,tiny vibrations,or other influences---even changes in weather---can ruin results.You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but fundamentally important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence“Not so the kilogram.”In paragraph4?A.The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B.The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C.The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D.The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A.Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B.The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C.The redefinition of the standard kilogram is quite complicated.D.Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future.68.According to the passage,to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units_______.A.is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogramB.has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC.is not as simple as what people can understandD.has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know from the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is_________.A.more important in keeping market honestyB.worth years of scientists’painstaking researchC.the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D.bring about important and fruitful results(B)Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island,it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans.During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife,especially seabirds.Watching mollymawks (albatross)soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse,Ruapuke Island,Titi Islands and Mt Anglem-Stewart Island’s highest point.●Free tea and coffee on board●Interpretation handouts are available(English only).●Wheelchair access available●Personal baggage is carried free on the ferries-max.two bags per person(one stowed and onesmall carry-on).Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.●Vehicle parking available at Bluff(extra cost-reservations recommended)FERRY TO STEWART ISLAND Depart BluffAll year9:30amSep-May5:00pmOct–Apr11:00amJun–Aug4:30pmLate Dec–mid Jan8:00am FERRY TO BLUFF Depart Stewart IslandAll year8:00amSep–May3:30pmOct–Mar6:00pmApr5:00pmJun-Aug3:00pmLate Dec–mid Jan9:30amOther departures as locally advertisedDuration1hrCheck-in30minutes prior to the scheduleddeparture time.(Check-in and boarding gates are closed10minutes prior to times stated above.)“20%Multi-Purchase REWARD”on Return Ferry ServicesBuy2or more different excursions and SAVE20%off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel20April-5May2013.70.If a traveler plans to leave a car at Bluff,he had better________.A.refer to the handouts firste wheelchair accessC.make a reservationD.park it30minutes before departure time71.John,who went to Stewart Island on Dec.28th,got to the ferry dock at7:55am.When did he most probably leave Bluff？A.At8:00a.m.B.At9:30a.m.C.At11:00a.m.D.At3:00p.m.72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services？A.Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B.Children go free for travel for about15days.C.Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D.Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.World Tuberculosis(infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs)Day is on Saturday March24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable.Dying of"consumption"seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling19th-century artists,h has,however,been neglected of late.Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people.According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization,1.6million people died of the disease in2005,compared with about3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS.America’s National Institutes of Health,for example,spends20times as much on AIDS as on TB.Nevertheless,everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS,has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects.The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in2002have saved the lives of over1m people.The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news.Although the number of TB cases is still rising,the rate of illness seems to have stabilized;the caseload,in other words,is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved.In the nm-up to the day itself,Eli Lilly announced a$50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership.MDR stands for multi-drug resistance,and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight.Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world.The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths,anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard.Unfortunately,those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective,more poisonous and more costly drugs.Naturally,these provoke still more.non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS.The Global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence.AIDS does not kill directly.Rather,HIV,the virus that causes it,weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections.Of these,TB is one of the most serious.It kills200000 AIDS patients a year.However,some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs.Conversely, in about20%of cases where a patient has both diseases,anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse.The upshot is that125years after human beings worked out what caused TB,it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence“Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.”means______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph2,the author intends to show______.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following best defines the word“upshot”(Line6,Para5)?A.Outcome.B.Uphold.C.Achievement.D.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forget.B.Forgotten,but not gone.C.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgotten.D.Every dog is brave at his own door.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The critical abilities are beginning to develop in adolescence.B.Their view on life usually falls in two extremes.C.Of all periods of life,this is what may best be called the plastic age.D.They are basically timid or self-conscious.E.Despite that,it is also in this period that strong ties between teachers and students develop.F.Fundamentally they want to be kept-busy but they refuse to admit it.Adolescents generally refer to boys and girls on the high-school level-more specifically,the second,third, and the fourth years of high school.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at a difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally.They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams.(77)They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it.They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving their objectives.(78)They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the results they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it,but if it is intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to persona]beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideas and they have a tendency to be sometimesextremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in.(79)On the one hand they are too modest,and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.(80)Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls on both educators and the other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.【答案】77-80DFBC【解析】青春期的孩子要谨慎对待第一段引出话题，青春期是一个困难的时期to some degree...at a difficult stage...第二段描述了青春期的孩子们的各种纠结和扭吧77题的提示在后面，他们不愿坦诚，易受情绪影响又羞于承认，与这些描述相关就是they basically timid and self-conscious78题的提示也是在后面,they are willing to work,和前面的they want to be kept busy呼应第三段描述了青春期的孩子们还是很希望能参与到学校生活中并起主导作用，尽管他们不承认，他们需要良好的引导，需要一位强有力的人物的影响。

上海交通⼤学附属中学2018-2019学年第⼀学期⾼三英语摸底考试卷上海交通⼤学附属中学2018-2019学年第⼀学期⾼三英语摸底考试卷II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place,not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.The atmosphere again acts(1)__________our protective blanket on earth.Light gets through,and this is essential forplants(2)__________(make)the food which we eat.Heat,too, makes our environment endurable.Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space,but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun(3)__________(screen)off.As soon as men leavethe atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside,do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is(5)__________(great)known danger to explorers in space.The unit of radiationis called"rem".Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than0.1rem without(6)__________(damage);the figure of60rems has been agreed on.The troubleis(7)__________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well,but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged,and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems.So far,no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported,but the Apollo missions have been quite short.We simply do not know yet(9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection ofthe atmosphere,working in a space laboratory.Drugs might help to decrease the damage(10) __________(do)by radiation,but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’Annual Show,I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish soseriously.However,the more I learned about koi,the more interested I became.As one expert told me,“Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think.They’reas beautiful as butterflies and very calming to watch.”Freddie Mercury,the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to89koi,(2) __________cost up to￡10,000each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly.“Koi are getting more and more expensive,”shetold me.“One recently sold for￡250,000.”I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house.“Well,that was a record,”(3)__________(admit)Jean.“The normal price is nowhere nearas high as that.”Nevertheless,serious collectors can pay up to￡15,000for a fully(4)_______(grow)koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car,and the bigger they are,the more they cost.The cheapest I(5)________find was￡75each,but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either.“Actually,these koi aren’t any nicer than(6)_______,”She commented.“(7)_______they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got,I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean,but I did consider(8)________(buy)one.Then I remember that all but5of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool.Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better,and that looking(9)______koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet.However,in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish.They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal cheaper(10)______(replace)!Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.associatedB.likelyC.decreasesD.abstractE.limitF.funG.contributesH.consistentlyI.favorablyJ.reasonedK.averageThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love.But what about happiness?Research(41)______shows that the more money people have,the more likely they are to report being satisfiedwith their lifes.And that makes sense:money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying;the easier your life,the happier you tend to be.That relationship isn’t entirely linear,since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you;the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with,and(43)______as wealth increases.But studies also reveal that as(44)______income levels have risen over time inthe U.S.and European nations.For example---residents of those countries have not reported beingany happier than people were30or40year ago.It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be(45)______within a population at any given moment,overall economic growth does not appearto corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why,researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decidedto break down how individual people evaluate their income.What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-whenit compares(46)______to everyone else's.The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that itis not simply how much money you make that(47)______to satisfaction,but how much more money make than,say,the national average.The higher your salary than the norm,the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather(48)______.The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income.They(49)______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth,not only with the average incomeof the larger population,but with the individual incomes of their neighbors,colleagues from college. And the higher their rank,the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would(50)______ be."For example,people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person orthe eighth most highly paid person,in their comparison set.”write the author,Chris Boyce,a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty,majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible.It is impossibleto51._______on film,to describe in words,or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have52.______over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today.Rainforests represent a store of living and53._______renewable natural resources that for eons,by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species,have54._______a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind.These resources have included basic food supplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,species,industrial raw material,and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest.55._______the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system.Everything is so56._______that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole.Sadly,it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to57._______forever.The scale of human58._______on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades.Since1980the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increasedby30percent.Consumption of everything on the planet has risen--at a cost to our59._______.in 2001,the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice,wheat and corn is expectedto grow by40%by2020,increasing irrigation water demands by50%or more.The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year2050,60._______it is still the tropical forestsof the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In1950,about15percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest.Today,morethan half has already gone up in61._______.in fewer than fifty years,more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen62._______to fire and the chainsaw,and the rate of destruction isstill accelerating.Unbelievably,more that200,000acres of rainforest are burned every day.That is more that150acres lost every minute of every day,and78million acres lost every year!More than20percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone,and much more is vanishing at a rate of20,000 square miles a year.If nothing is done to curb this63._______,the entire Amazon could well begone within fifty years.Massive64._______brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution,soil erosion,malaria epidemics,the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the65._______of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals.Fewer rainforests mean less rain,less oxygen for us to breathe,and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A.changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A.energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A.contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A.However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A.active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A.restore B.support C.revive /doc/02b93573a4e9856a561252d380eb6294dd88228b.html st58.A.pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A.subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A.appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong.Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use—quantities suchas speed or electric power.All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example,the standard second(time)is defined as a specific number of vibration of a typeof radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal.The standard metre(length),in turn,is defined asthe length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram.This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合⾦筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights&Measures in Sevres,France. Embarrassingly,the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about20parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the1940s.This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one knows what causes the weight changes.But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度)in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg,Md.,hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units.So far,none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit.They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions.The slightest pollution,tiny vibration,or other influence--even changes in weather--can ruin results.Y ou’vegot to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence“Not so kilogram”in paragragh4?A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage,to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island,it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans.During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife,especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks(albatross)soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse,Ruapuke Island,Titi Islands and Mt Anglem-Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available(English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries-max.two bags per person(one stowed and one small carry-on).Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.V ehicle parking available at Bluff(extra cost-reservations recommended)“20% Multi - Purchase REW ARD”on Return Ferry ServicesBuy2or more different excursions and SA VE20%off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel20April-5May2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff,a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it30minutes before departure time71.John,who went to Stewart Island on Dec.28th,got to the ferry dock at7:55am.When did he most probably leave Bluff? A．At8:00a.m..B．At9:30a.m..C．At11:00a.m..D．At3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about15days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.World Tuberculosis(infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs)Day is on Saturday March24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable.Dying of"consumption"seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling19th-century artists,h has,however,been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people.According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization,1.6million people died of the diseasein2005,compared with about3m for AIDS and l m for malaria.But it receives only a fraction ofthe research budget devoted to AIDS.America’s National Institutes of Health,for example,spends20times as much on AIDS as on TB.Nevertheless,everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day actthis year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS,has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects.Thefund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in2002have saved the lives ofover1m people.The W orld Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising,the rate of illness seems to have stabilized;the caseload,in other words,is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved.In the run-up to the day itself,Eli Lilly announced a$50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership.MDR stands for multi-drug resistance,and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight.Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world.The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths,anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately,those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective,more poisonous and more costlydrugs.Naturally,these provoke still more.non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS.The(global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence.AIDS does not kill directly.Rather,HIV,the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections.Of these,TBis one of the most serious.It kills200000AIDS patients a year.However,some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs.Conversely,in about20%of cases where a patienthas both diseases,anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse.The upshot is that125years after human beings worked out what caused TB,it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence“Like every dog,every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.。

上海大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1. _____ they are fit, I see no reason why they shouldn't go on playing basketball for another four or five years.A. In caseB. Provided thatC. UnlessD. As if参考答案：B略2. There is no need to leave a tip in Canada. Service ________ in the bill.A．included B．is included C．includes D．was included参考答案：B3. —Have you persuaded him?—Yes. After hours of discussion,I to reason him into accepting thc new plan.A. hadmanaged B. would manageC. havemanaged D. managed 参考答案：D略4. —Are you sure that you are satisfied with his job?—Yes. Nothing can be better.A．rather B．so C．quite D．too参考答案：C5. —Why did he say so?—I don’t understand he has said means.A．all what B．what all C．all that D．that all参考答案：B6.surprise A．furniture B．purpose C．curtain D．Saturda y参考答案：D7. We don’t mean he is not fair, but we do feel that it’s difficult for him to remain ________ where his son is concerned.A. positiveB. sensitiveC. objectiveD. effective参考答案：C8. ---- Tom, what do you think of the iphone5 I bought for your birthday?----_______ It’s everything I’ve been looking for.A. Perfect!B. Good idea!C. Not bad.D. So-so.参考答案：A9. The Internet allows us quick ______ to all the data and research findings in the fields available worldwide.A. entranceB. chargeC. accessD. advance参考答案：【知识点】名词网络提供的是查询各种资料和研究成果的快速的“方式、途径”10. We are not ready to go into production yet. The new switch mechanism isn’t fully __________.A. worked outB. tested outC. left outD. turned out参考答案：B略11. The past two years ______ a sharp rise in oil price, which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry.A. witnessedB. had witnessedC. has witnessedD. was witnessing参考答案：C12. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult.A. onceB. whenC. ifD. unless参考答案：D解析：本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。

上海交通大学附属中学2019届高一分班考（英语）（答案一律写在答题卡上）I ．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. ___ in 1954, High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University （JDFZ） enjoys ahigh reputation for its quality education.A. FoundB. FoundedC. FoundingD. Having founded2.The global economy cannot have seen ___________ time in the past year, but now mostcompanies are becoming optimistic.A. the bestB. a betterC. the worseD. a worse3.“ I ’ mmo re nervous right now than when I ___ , ” Jansea id, as she saw the group ofreporters waiting anxiously at the exit of the gymnasium.A. had competedB. competesC. was competingD. have competed4.Jenny had just walked out of the classroom ____ she heard her deskmate calling her thatshe had left her mobile phone on the desk.A. whileB. whenC. asD. since5._____ with serious employment difficulties, China has to enlarge employmentopportunities and spare no effort to ensure economic growth and social stability.A. FacedB. FacingC. To faceD. Having faced6.Since its beginning, the television industry in the US by three companies, the ABC,the CBS, and the NBC.A. had been controlledB. has been controlledC. are controlledD. was controlled7._____ doesn ’ t matter is whether she will join in our activity or not , for we have enoughmembers.A. ItB. WhatC. ThatD. Which8.Whatever we do, we will make it, as long as we take the passion __ we should have toachieve our goals.A. whenB. whatC. whichD. where9.Is this the best way you thought of __ people getting into the dangerous areas?A. to stopB. stoppingC. stoppedD. to have stopped10.If a shop has chairs ___ women can park their men, they will spend more time in theshop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where11.Everyone who saw Star Wars said that it was one of the best science fiction movies thatA. had releasedB. was releasedC. had been releasedD. released12.The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _____ immediately.A. atB. toC. onD. with13. ___ the prices and functions of different types of cameras before you make up yourmind which to buy.A. CompareB. ComparingC. ComparedD. To compare14.--- Has Sam finished his homework today?--- I have no idea. He ___ it this morning.A. was doingB. has doneC. didD. had done15.An awful accident, ____ however, occur at the street corner the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had toic strips are a set of humorous drawings ____ a funny story is told.A. in thatB. in whichC. of thatD. of which17.Dogs come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, ____ w as 95 centimeters tall.A. the larger of thoseB. the largest of whomC. the larger of whichD. the largest of which18.Facing the economic depression, every possible means __________ this year to save thecompany from going bankrupt.A. has been triedB. has triedC. have been triedD. have tried19.Guide dogs go to a special school ____ t hey work with a sighted trainer before they aresent to the blind.A. /B. thatC. whereD. which20.Have you ever heard such stories about dogs ____ in this book?A. as they are describedB. that they are describedC. as are describedD. that are described21.In the survey they listed twelve kinds of food _ would affect the work of the brain.A. that were believedB. which the experts believedC. the experts believed thatD. the experts believed22.It was in the study ___ I was doing my research _____ I last saw your laptop.A. where …thatB. that …whereC. where … whereD. that …that23.It was two months ________ the young man mastered the skill of running the machineintroduced from Germany.A. sinceB. whenC. thatD. before24.Many cartoonists ______ wonderful products are so popular will always be remembered.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. whose25.Some foreign scientists predict that it may be at most ten years _ it is possible forChinese astronauts to walk on the moon.A. beforeB. sinceC. whenD. after26.The father and his son ____ the cartoon in this unit shows are very popular comic stripcharacters.A. whichB. whatC. whomD. whose27.The reason ______ reading cartoons and comic strips is a favorite pastime for adults is_____ t hey can find some food for thought in addition to being amused.A. why …whyB. why …thatC. that …that B. that …why28.The efforts made by the researchers ____ possible the appearance of a new life-savingmedicine.A. were madeB. madeC. made itD. were made it29.The workers overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead oftime, _____ is something we had not expected.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. it30.The poem by Pushkin _______ smoothly and has remarkable depth. It is _____ .A. is read; worth recitingB. reads; worthy of recitingC. will read; worth being recitedD. reads; worthy to be recited31.The public opinion was that the time was not __ for the election.A. ripeB. reasonableC. readyD. practical32.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge.A. extensiveB. expansiveC. intensiveD. expensive33.We volunteered to collect money to help the ___ of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers34.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ________ Our minds are developed bylearning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally35.The ______ o f new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makesjobs easier to do.A. additionB. applicationC. associationD. affection36.Mayor was invited to make some comments not only on what happened, including the conflictbetween several residents and the police, but also on what will happen, an international conference on global trade included.A. commentsB. speechC. effortsD. progress37.The car salesman took the customer for a drive in the new model in order to ________ itsimproved features.A. exposeB. demonstrateC. exhibitD. reveal38.In Britain people ___ four million tons of potatoes every year.A. swallowB. exhaustC. consumeD. digest39.I have a very ____ arrangement with my employer so I can work whenever it suits me.A. feasibleB. flexibleC. reasonableD. stable40.It ’s surprising that this innocent-looking girl should have such a crime.A. performedB. inventedC. committedD. undertaken41.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of .A. orderB. placeC. handD. reach42.All these four factors __ to his great success in business.A. contributeB. applyC. respondD. reply43.To save time, the group leader asked another three workers to _______ the goods offthetruck.A. undertakeB. unloadC. dissolveD. dismiss44.The police made a final decision to set a ___ to catch the cruel murderer right away.A. deviceB. trapC. trickD. network45.People suffering flu will show symptoms of cough ___ with headache.A. accustomedB. acquiredC. accompaniedD. added46.Because of his good work, he was _____ to a higher position.A. chosenB. electedC. promotedD. raised47.An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special ___ on life and a specialfeeling about life.A. outputB. outcomeC. outlineD. outlook48.The drug manufacturer has been ordered to require _________ on all his aspirin productswarning of a link between aspirin and rare children ’s diseases.A. cluesB. symbolsC. labelsD. contexts49.People will suffer from the naturaldisasters in the futurebecause there is a growingthat we are dangerously warming our planet.A. markB. symbolC. signalD. evidence50.John Dewey believed that education should be a preparation for life, that a personlearns by doing, and that teaching must the curiosity and creativity of children.A. seekB. temptC. stimulateD. attract51.The theory Einstein raised was so ____ that few scientists could understand at first.A. absoluteB. abstractC. accurateD. actual52.The doctors came to the conclusion that the patients ’ blindness was .A. contemporaryB. gloriousC. temperateD. temporary53.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have ______________supplies of petroleum.A. sufficientB. superiorC. completeD. potential54.The young actress is very ______ about her success; she says it ’s as much the resultofgood luck as of her own talent.A. concernedB. modestC. certainD. curious55.We should always bear in mind that if we are of our health for promotion, diseasewill gradually approach us with the help of tiredness.A. independentB. carefulC. ignorantD. confidentII.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story 56 concerns the young and mysterious millionaire JayGatsby and his idealistic 57 for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's masterpiece, The Great Gatsby explores 58 of decadences （堕落）,idealism,resistance to change, social disturbance, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as an alarming tale regarding the American Dream.Fitzgerald, 59 by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island's north shore, began planning the novel in 1923 desiring to produce, in his words, "something new —something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and carefully 60." Progress was slow with Fitzgerald completing his first draft following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was too vague and 61 the author torevise over the next winter. Fitzgerald was uncertain about the book's title, at various times wishing to re-title the novel Trimalchio in West Egg.First published by Scribner's in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received 62 reviewsand sold poorly; in its first year, the book sold only 20,000 copies. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing himself to be a failure and his work forgotten. However, the novel 63 a revival during World War II, and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film 64 in the following decades. Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a strong competitor for the title "Great American Novel". The book is 65 ranked among the greatest works of American literature. In1998 the Modern Library editorial board voted it the best American novel and the second best novel in the English language.III.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “ abodily exercise precious to health. B” ut __66__ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __67__ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __68__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __69__ benefits the way, say , walking or jogging does.__70__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __71__, studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter __72__ muscles.Such bodily reaction might help moderate the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of __73__ feedback that improve an individual's emotional state. __74__ one classical theory of emotion. our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to __75__.Although sadness also happens before tears. evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany and his colleagues asked volunteers to __76__ a pen either with their teeth --- thereby creating an artificial smile --- or with their lips, which would produce a __77__ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles __78__ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, __79__ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. __80__, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.66. A. among B. except C. despite D. like67. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce68. A. release B. maintain C. evaluate D. observe69. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable70. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief71. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected72. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes73. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal74. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for75. A. fall B. ascend C. flow D. float76. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold77. A. disappointed B. natural C. joyful D. funny78. A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted79. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing80. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. ConverselySection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AA is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious （勤勤恳恳的） way you do your job.You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn ’ ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics — a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable —or unwilling —to “ play the game. ”“ People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工于心计的） behavior,says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University.derives from the word ‘ polite It ’ ca.n mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return. ”In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment —not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.“ Thefirst thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis, ’” says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “ Butif two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It ’ s simple human nature.Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery （奉承）, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.81.“ Office politics ” （Line 2, Para. 4） is used in the passage to refer to ___ .A）the code of behavior for company staffB）the political views and beliefs of office workersC）the interpersonal relationships within a companyD）the various qualities required for a successful career82.To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _______ .A) give his boss a good impression B) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleagues D) avoid being too outstanding83.Why are many people unwilling to “ play the game ” (Line 4, Para. 5)?A)They believe that doing so is impractical.B)They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C)They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D)They think the effort will get them nowhere.84.The author considers office politics to be ___ .A)unwelcome at the workplaceB)bad for interpersonal relationshipsC)indispensable to the development of company cultureD)an important factor for personal advancement85.It is the author ’ s view that _________ .A)speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB)self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC)hard work contributes ve ry little to one ’ s promotionD)many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery( B )As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it ’ s necessary to tmorals into AI language.For example, if a r obot does chores around the house, you wouldn ’ t want it to put the petcat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “ You would want that robot prelowith a good set of values, ” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn ’ t think that ’ s the kind of thing a pro-upperplyerbsroonughtwould do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to setout human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they ' ve produced a system that will break someck娟忌lab One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send o ut beeps, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.86.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.87.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A)They are aggressive.B)They are outgoing.C)They are ignorant.D)They are ill-bred.88.How do robots learn human values?A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.89.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?A)keep a distance from possible dangers.B)Stop to seek advice from a human being.C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.D)Do sufficient testing before taking action.90.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A)Determine what is moral and ethical.B)Design some large-scale experiments.C)Set rules for man-machine interaction.D)Develop a more sophisticated program.II ． Grammar and Vocabulary I — 10 BDCBA BBCADII — 20 CBAABBDACC 21 — 30 BADDACBBCD 31 — 40 AAACBABCBC 41 — 50 DABBCCDCDC 51 — 55 BDABCII. 56—65 ABC BD D AD BC III. 66--80CDBAB ADABC DADACIV. 每题两分81— 85 CABDB86— 90 CDCBA 上海交通大学附属中学2019届高一分班考（英语） （答案） C E A AB B。

2018-2019学年上海交通大学第二附属中学高三英语模拟试题含解析一、选择题1. _________ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.To translateD.Having translated参考答案：B2. His devotion to the work _____ him respect and admiration.A. employedB. performedC. madeD. earned参考答案：D3. I _____ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. won’tB. can’tC. canD. will参考答案：B【详解】考查固定短语。

句意：对于我们不在家时你对我儿子的帮助，我再感激你都不为过。

can’t…too much意为“再……也不为过”，固定短语。

故选B。

4. I like to have my photos taken _______ there are mountains and rivers.A．there B．in which C．when D．where参考答案：D5. —Could you give any suggestion about the furnishing in my house?— Let me see．．． Oh everything is nice except that the painting seems a littlebit ．A．out of reach B．out of place C．out oftouch D． out of order参考答案：B6. My mother's birthday is on Friday this year．A．不填 B．a C．an D．the参考答案：B略7. The driver said that he _______ pick _______ a passenger at the west street.A. will; upB. would; upC. will; outD. would; out参考答案：B8. With so many noises from the streets, I can’t ______ and go on doing my research work.A. feel downB. turn downC. settle downD. set down参考答案：C9. This picture was taken a long time ago ．I wonder if you can __________my father．A．pick up B．pick out C．pick over D．pick off参考答案：B10. Nelson Mandela’s fellow campaigner, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, said Mr. Mandela was “not only an amazing gift to humankind, but he also made South Africans and Africans feel goodabout being _______ we are. He made us walk tall.”A. whatB. whereC. whenD. who参考答案：D考查名词性从句。

21. A gingko tree ________ to be around 3800 years old was recently discovered in Hebei Province.A. was believedB. that believedC. believedD. being believed22.________ almost my entire professional life researching black holes, I finally came up with a betterunderstanding of them.A. Having spentB. SpendingC. SpentD. To spend23.By the time she ________ home to Belgium three months later, her outlook ________ completely.A. returned…changedB. had returned…changedC. had returned…had changedD. returned…had changed24.The public is shocked at the news of that famous college ________ all the students’ information________ to several private companies during the year of 2015-2017.A. having…to be soldB. to have…sellingC. having…soldD. had…to sell25.The evidence means the family of Mr. Warrick is one step closer ________ what happened to their sonon that night.A. to finding outB. to find outC. to be finding outD. finding out26.________ by the new rule that was approved last month, the company is looking for a new way toexpand their market share.A. GuidingB. Being guidedC. To be guidedD. Guided27.Wouldn’t you rather your child ________ to bed early?A. goB. wentC. would goD. goes28.Do you feel like you ________ alone so that you can’t care for someone else?A. are too used to beingB. used to beingC. are too used to beD. too used to being29.They ________ by air this morning for all flights were canceled due to the heavy fog.A. shouldn’t have leftB. mustn’t have leftC. can’t have leftD. might not have left30.________ this entirely new, cutting-edge design in the latest model of our car, we have repeatedlytested and demonstrated its feasibility.A. IncludingB. IncludedC. Being includedD. To include31.________ in the battle this morning, we sent the soldier to hospital in a hurry.A. Being badly woundedB. Since he was badly woundedC. Badly woundedD. Since badly wounded32.Get yourself ________ more, and always let everything you do ________ as if it makes a difference.A. to achieve…doneB. to achieving…doneC. to achieve…to doneD. to achieving…to be done33.He was lying on the grass, his hands ________ under his head.A. crossedB. being crossedC. crossingD. were crossed34.Who is knocking at the door? ________ it be your guest?A. CanB. ShallC. MayD. Must35.Making decisions ________ by personal emotions creates an unhealthy work environment that harmsthe success of the supervisor, the employee, and the organization.A. being drivenB. having been drivenC. drivenD. driving36.This hand-decorated plate, ________ 14 inches ________, with seven blooming flowers in the middle,is said to be a gift from King Alexandra.A. measured…acrossB. measuring…acrossC. measured…broadD. measuring…broad37.Although there is still some time, the researchers are doing all they can ________ the problem facingthe local citizens.A. to solveB. to solvingC. solveD. solving38.It is believed that many Christmas traditions ________ Germany.A. was originated inB. originated inC. originating inD. was originating in39.________ discussing the issue with our professor, we thought of several ways to handle it.A. DuringB. OnC. InD. At40.________, the investor always intends to create output, to increase productivity, and to make money.A. Whatever the caseB. However is the caseC. Whatever is the caseD. However the case it is41.Many traditions are connected with Christmas. For children, the most important one is ________ ofreceiving gifts.A. oneB. thatC. the onesD. it42.In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may ________ the majority from extinction.A. serveB. preserveC. deserveD. observe43.The ________ expressed their anger against the local government’s plans about how to solve the________.A. people present…problems presentB. people present…present problemsC. present people…problems presentD. present people…present problems44.It’s going to be a memorial park soon because some ________ of the soldiers who died in 1942defending the city are said to be under the ground there.A. remainsB. ruinsC. damagesD. maintains45.She spent the afternoon ________ on her back in water.A. flowingB. lyingC. drowningD. floating46.I hope that my lessons ________ in my students’ lives.A. are reflected wellB. serve a purposeC. have been aroundD. have their origin47.Before you recommend the books, you’d better make it clear how many categories they ________.A. fall intoB. fall onC. fall overD. fall behind48.Families will usually decorate their garden ________ shining colored lights and their house ________bright colors.A. with…throughB. in…withC. with…inD. in…inSection B(A)One of the world’s largest flowers, known as the “corpse(尸体) flower”, will bloom at the Toronto Zoo– a first for the zoo and the city.The corpse flower, officially titled Amorphophallus Titanum, has been recorded as having the world’s tallest bloom. The Corpse Flower smells like a rotting corpse, and it looks like it belongs in the movie Avatar. People would (49)________ that the smell helps prevent it from being eaten, but, despite this defense mechanism, the plant is still very rare. According to the IUCN, it’s a(n) (50)________ species. It’s not actually one big flower, but thousands upon thousands of little male and female flowers. These exude(分泌) oils, while the center will collect heat. The heat causes the oils to create the smell that attracts the beetles that pollinate the flower. In case you were (51)________, a mature plant can weigh 200 pounds.For the first time ever the corpse flower will bloom at the Toronto Zoo, with officials (52)________ the majority of the plant’s specimens to bloom in the next two weeks.“This species only blooms for 8 to 36 hours and this is the first time the kind of flower has bloomed in the Greater Toronto Area, and the fifth time one has bloomed within Canada!” the Zoo said in a statement.One of the six specimens of the smelly plant, under the (53)________ of the Zoo’s horticulture(园艺) division, has begun its early bloom – four years ahead of schedule.The corpse plant, (54)________ to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, can take six to ten years to (55)________ its first flower, a zoo keeper said.The Toronto Zoo has continued to keep the public (56)________ of the status of the flower and when it’s projected to bloom. The zoo will (57)________ viewing hours in its Greenhouse during the plant’s bloom period.The corpse plant that has started its early bloom, dubbed “Pablo “Pe-ew” Caso”, is expected to bloom towards the end of the week.“It’s a big event and we’re very excited here at the Toronto Zoo,” said Paul Gellatly, a gardener at the zoo. Facebook users have also expressed excitement over the anticipation for the plant’s bloom period. “Anxiously waiting for the (58)________! It’s amazing!” one Facebook user wrote on the zoo’s page.(B)Mount Tai, located north of Tai’an in Shandong province, is the most sacred(神圣的) Taoist mountain and is of both historical and cultural significance in China.The word tai in Chinese means stability and peace, and the name Tai’an is from the saying “If Mount Tai is stable, so is the entire country.” Jade Emperor Peak, the summit of Mount Tai with an altitude of 1,545meters, offers tourists a(n) (59)________ bird’s eye view of the city of Tai’an.Among China’s Five Great Mountains, Mount Tai, known as the eastern mountain, is only the third highest. Why is it regarded as the leader of the Five Great Mountains, then? In Chinese culture, east is(60)________ as a sacred direction, since it is where the sun and the moon rise. Therefore, Mount Tai is(61)________ with sunrise, birth and renewal(复兴).Moreover, Mount Tai has been a place of worship for at least 3,000 years and (62)________ as one of the most essential (63)________ centers in China. According to records, a total of 72 emperors (64)________ sacrifices to heaven and earth on Mount Tai in history. Among them, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Mount Tai eight times. It was the first and foremost thing for emperors to do when they came into power, because Mount Tai was seen as the symbol of the kingdom’s peace and prosperity.The supreme impressive (65)________ of Mount Tai had been praised by lots of great historical (66)________, such as Confucius, Li Bai and Du Fu. From the time of Confucius till today, countless poems and essays depicting Mount Tai in praise have been (67)________, leaving a great many cultural relics(遗迹) on the mountain. In 1987, Mount Tai was listed as both a World Natural Heritage site and a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO. Nowadays, many (68)________ scholars still come to Mount Tai to get inspiration for poems, essays, paintings and pictures.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AXing Tonghe(邢同和), who graduated from Architecture department, Tong Ji University of Shanghai in 1962, is now the Director of Xing Tonghe Design Studio and Director of Shanghai World EXPO’s.Xing Tonghe has taken charge of more than 300 projects in the past 50 years. His works have been granted more than 30 (69)________ as national, ministry or municipal(市级的) outstanding design. In the past years, he has also been in charge of the work of planning and designing Shanghai APEC conference hall, 2010 World EXPO Shanghai planning and so on. Xing Tonghe won the title of Distinguished Middle Age and Young Experts of China in 1988, and Municipal Key Project Contribution competition prize for continuous 3 times. Among his works, “the Shanghai Museum” was (70)________ as the “World City Distinguished Modern Architecture Design”.The Shanghai Museum, dating back to 1952, moved to its current location in 1995. The building is by Xing Tonghe of Xiandai Architectural Design Group, which is responsible for a(n) (71)________ 70% of Shanghai’s new developments.The museum has a(n) (72)________ of over 120,000 pieces, including bronze, ceramics, calligraphy, furniture, jades, ancient coins, paintings, seals, sculptures, minority art and foreign art. The Shanghai Museum (73)________ several items of national importance, including one “transparent” bronze mirror from the Han Dynasty.The new building is a modern (74)________ of the ancient Chinese cosmological(宇宙的) view, from the Han dynasty 2200 years ago or earlier, that Heaven is round and the earth beneath is square. For a fifteenth century display of the same idea see Beijing’s Temple of Heaven; for a different contemporary understanding see the Shanghai Grand Theater opposite the museum.The form is also considered to be (75)________ to the Chinese ding, a bronze food container, but this is (76)________ by the architect as the main inspiration.Within the square base, Xing (77)________ a new philosophy and argues that the museum represents a (78)________ on museum design:“In the past, it was thought that the owner or managers were the (79)________ of the museum and we are afraid that people might visit the museum and destroy the (80)________. That’s why so many old museums have railings for protection.I made the change. (81)________ should be the host; cultural relics belong to people, so I trust them. So we light up the halls to (82)________ the display, instead of lighting the passageways. And we don’t (83)________ people, either. They can choose which part they want to see first. Lots of new museums in China has embraced this idea now.”69. A. awards B. rewards C. praises D. ranks70. A. thought about B. thought over C. thought of D. thought out71. A. separated B. estimated C. considered D. valued72. A. source B. resource C. gallery D. collection73. A. houses B. conceals C. handles D. provides74. A. translation B. transformation C. interpretation D. operation75. A. similar B. familiar C. peculiar D. particular76. A. denied B. declined C. accepted D. supplied77. A. adapts B. adopts C. adjusts D. approves78. A. reference B. recycle C. recall D. reflection79. A. visitors B. designers C. hosts D. architects80. A. exhibits B. objections C. exhibitions D. decorations81. A. Staff B. Spectators C. Audience D. Observer82. A. demonstrate B. illustrate C. clarify D. highlight83. A. dominate B. restrict C. limit D. requireSection B(A)How Plants Branch Out to Access WaterNew research has discovered how plant roots sense the availability of water in soil and then adapt their shape to acquire water. The discovery could enable crops to be bred which are more adaptive to changes in climate conditions, such as water scarcity, and help ensure food security in the future.These findings, published in the journal Science, describe a new mechanism discovered by cooperating teams at the universities of Nottingham and Durham.Roots are critical for plants to acquire water and nutrients from the soil. Water is essential for plant growth, yet changing climatic conditions makes acquiring water from soil even more challenging. Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture(湿润) conditions by altering their root architecture, but up until now, it was not understood how this is done.The researchers discovered that plant roots lacking a branching master gene were no longer able to branch out. They found that when roots are exposed to moisture, the certain gene remains active and promotes root branching, but when exposed to air, the gene is inactivated, blocking root branching.Professor Sadanandom explained: “Plants are relatively immobile and therefore their growth is very much dependent on their environment. Our research has identified the particular protein which can inactivate root branching, therefore limiting plant growth and development.”“This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as water scarcity.”Professor Bennett concluded: “Water is critical for plant growth, development and their survival. By studying how plant roots change their branching in response to water availability, we have uncovered a novel mechanism. This represents a major step forward and opens the way for breeders to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and helping deliver global food security.”It is absolutely imperative to ensure food security worldwide. Crop production must double by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. This target is even more challenging given the impact of climate change on water availability and the drive to reduce fertilizers to make agriculture become more environmentally sustainable. In both cases, developing crops with better ability to acquire water would provide a solution.84.The findings of the research may have a positive effect on several global issues EXCEPT ________.A. solving water scarcityB. increasing crop productionC. preserving the agricultureD. ensuring food security85.With the help of the findings, plants may be able to _________.A. branch out without a special geneB. grow in challenging conditionsC. alter inactivated rootsD. breed soluble nutrients86.Which of the following is closest to the meaning of “imperative” in the last paragraph?A. fascinatingB. influentialC. enormousD. urgent87.What is the new mechanism mentioned by Professor Bennett?A. Why plants have different abilities to adapt to soil moisture conditions.B. How a branching master gene responds to a particular fertilizer.C. How plant roots alter their shape according to the soil moisture.D. How the particular protein inactivates root branching when exposed to water.(B)Four Little-known European DestinationsEveryone’s heard of Europe’s major tourist destinations and rightly so – after all, Amsterdam, Berlin, Paris and Rome are all famous for a reason. But there are still numerous cities and regions that aren’t even mentioned on typical European “to--do” lists. The following destinations offer a perfect reason to step slightly off the beaten track.Innsbruck, AustriaBuried at the foot of the towering Alps, the Austrian city of Innsbruck offers guests a chance to appreciate a blend of old and new. The old town dates back over 800 years, and provides a glimpse at Medieval life in the region, while the modern Home of the Giant, a massive center of arts, entertainment and shopping, is the largest of its kind in the world. Within the center is the stunning Swarovskio Crystal Cloud. During winter months, tourists can participate in various alpine activities. Skiing, snowboarding and many other sports are offered on the nearby slopes; during summer, the area provides a perfect site for rock climbing and hiking. Nature lovers can visit the Alpine Zoo, while history lovers can get lost in the many museums and galleries the town has to offer.Tallinn, EstoniaLocated in Estonia and rarely featured as a must-see destination, Tallinn, nonetheless, offers afascinating chance to relive history in one of Europe’s lesser-visited nations. A vibrant city that frequently hosts festivals of various genres, Tallinn is home to the expansive Kumu Art Museum, which has got both classic and contemporary pieces, and the Open Air Museum, a recreated historic village complete with staff in ancient costumes. To add a brilliant final touch to the Estonian experience, visitors should listen for the haunting sounds of the organ from one of the many churches around the city.Cinque Terre, ItalyA UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997, the villages of Cinque Terre have a range of activities for everyone. Outdoor enthusiasts can opt to dive or snorkel(潜水) in the marine park, and anyone chasing nature can watch the birdlife in the Riomaggiore’s Torre Guardiola. Manarola is famous for producing Sciacchetra wine, and another village, Vernazza, is known for its cobbled(铺有鹅卵石的) street and various laneways. Vernazza is also home to the Gothic-Ligurian church, which was built in 1318.Zadar, CroatiaFull of creative architecture and full of history, the city of Zadar in Croatia continues to fascinate visitors year after year. The famous Wide Street, which is even older than the city itself is a reminder of the Roman influence on the area. The Museum of Ancient Glass has a vast collection of Roman glassware from the commanding 19th-century Cosmacendi Palace.88.What’s the purpose of the passage?A. To explain why the four places are “off the beaten track”.B. To compare the four places with Europe’s major tourist destinations.C. To require the four places to be added on typical European “to-do” lists.D. To illustrate the unique attractions worth seeing in the four places.89.Which of the following is NOT right based on the passage?A. Innsbruck is a charming city, drawing natural explorers, art lovers and shopaholics.B. In the Open Air Museum, visitors may experience history with the staff dressed in clothes of ancienttimes.C. Cinque Terre provides an access to exciting outdoor activities and relaxing cultural tour.D. The Wide Street reflects the Roman influence on the city of Zadar for it’s even older than the cityitself.90.Mr. Smith is a nature lover keen on various activities while Mrs. Smith is a religious person eager tovisit beautiful churches. Which of the following places do you suggest to the couple for a holiday?A. Innsbruck, AustriaB. Tallinn, EstoniaC. Cinque Terre, ItalyD. Zadar, Croatia(C)The Fertile Rainforest Soils in AmazonLow-level slash-and-burn(刀耕火种) farming doesn’t harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and improves forest soils. This is the unorthodox(非正统的) view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today.Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. It means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming.But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, has studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter.Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “black carbon”, the organic particles from camp fires and charred(烧焦的) wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming. “The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70 times more black carbon than the surrounding soil,” says Glaser.Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is typically more than 1,000 years old.“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesn’t completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure(粪肥). Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment,” Glaser says: “Black carbon combined with human waste is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.”Terra Preta soils turn up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery confirms the soil’s human origins. The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin” forest.During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover up to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.91.According to the passage, it is generally believed that _______.A. slash-and-burn farming betters the forest soilsB. slash-and-burn farming reduces the black carbon in the soilsC. slash-and-burn framing does harm to the forest soilsD. slash-and-burn farming damages the minerals in the soils92.Why are most rainforest soils thin and poor?A. The topsoil contains a relatively small number of the ingredients.B. Most organic matter is missing because of the heat and heavy rain.C. A majority part of soils are likely to be washed away by heavy rain.D. Black carbon and human waste negatively impact the soil to a great extent.93.Glaser claims that rainforests will recover ________.A. when the vegetation is burnt completelyB. if there is no slash-and-burn farmingC. at a slow rate after small-scale burningD. readily after small-scale burning94.Which of the following statement is probably true according to the passage?A. Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the world.B. Human activities will do great damage to rainforests.C. There once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforests.D. Farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforests.第II卷I. Blank Filling1.Certainly, US monetary policy ________ (intend) to address both financial and economic issues in theUS.2.My sister said she heard Jerry ________ (sing) a song of Jay Chou at the singing competition and wonthe first prize.3.While gingko trees can live for a long time, they are not even near ________ (be) the oldest trees.4.These are the doctors ________ (send) to the war-torn area for the relief effort next week.5.The department manager was unemployed after ________ (accuse) of taking the company belongingsfor himself.6.Angkor Wat, the pride of Cambodia, is believed ________ (discover) again in 1858.7.________ (find) some leisure time to take a boat trip, and you will be attracted by the beautiful sceneryalong the Li River.8.In 2015, an unknown Chinese scientist at Sun Yat-Sen University was the first one ________ (edit) theDNA of human embryos(胚胎), which caused a great controversy.II. TranslationSection A1.The path ________________(蜿蜒曲折) through the mountains.2.________________(说到恶性循环) that the country has fallen into, we must take measures to stop it.3.When she was preparing for the presentation, she ________________________(她收集了一些关于这座体育场的信息)4.________________________(创造力是因人而异的), so we shouldn’t ask every member of the teamto come up with brilliant new ideas.5.For its protection, ________________________(admit 每天只有一百名游客允许进入) the oldhouse.6.Those officials believe that ________________________(accessible 有些决策不应该让公众知晓)7.The children ________________________(leave 把他们的衣服挂在门边) and ran to play footballon the playground.8.After enjoying the main course, they ________________________(round 用节日的特色菜来结束这顿晚餐)Section B1.政府要求博物馆的装修在年底前完成。

2019-2020学年上海交通大学附属中学高三英语模拟试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOne day when I was 5, my mother blamed me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. When angrily opening the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have blamed my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. However, my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would constantly make me think about my mistake. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing (嗡嗡) in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. Iwould wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insect entered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhapscould not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Above all, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.1. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. gave him a spankingB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. blamed him for what he had done2. The experience may cause the author _______.A. not to go against his parents’ willB. to have a better control of himselfC. not to make mistakes in the futureD. to hide his anger away from others3. What is the main idea of this text?A. Parents is the best way to solve problems.B. Parents are the best teachers of their children.C. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.BWhat do you think of 80s pop music? Do the names George Michael, Madonna and Michael Jackson sound familiar? Well, these are just some of the names that were well-known in the music scene of the 80s and early 90s. The 80s pop musicscene was an important step to the popularity (普及) of present-day music. A new wave in the music scene was introduced, which made such music styles as punk rock, rap music and the MTV popular. Although it was an end to the old 60s and 70s styles, it was also the beginning of something big. The popularity of music videos meant that artists now replaced their guitar-based music with visual displays. A new wave of artists came on the scene and the entire industry developed quickly.The most famous 80s pop music video is Michael Jackson’s Thriller. Introduced in 1982, few people can forget the video not only because of its never-be-foreseen images, but also because of the popularity it received. Think of how 80s pop music changed the lives of people who grew up in the 80s. Ask a young man today to tell you the names of the “New Kids on the Block” and he will start talking about the neighbor kids who just moved in. These are not the answers you might have heard in the 80s. Though today’s young men do not recognize how cool 80s pop music was, most people will always remember it for what it was and these are happy memories they will always love.Some of the 80s pop music legends (传奇人物) include Madonna, U2, AeroSmith and of course the King of Pop Michael Jackson. Let’s not forget Prince, Tina Turner, Phil Collins and Motown’s Lionel Ritchie. Some of these musicians played music that has stood the test of time. Undoubtedly, the 80s pop music scene will live on for many more years to come.4. What is the text mainly about?A. The characters of 80s pop music.B. What made 80s pop music popular.C. 80s pop music’s steps to popularity.D. The effects of 80s pop music.5. 80s pop music mainly includes the following styles EXCEPT ________.A. guitar-based musicB. the MTVC. rap musicD. punk rock6. Michael Jackson’s Thriller impressed people so deeply mainly because ________.A. it changed the lives of peopleB. he sang it in a special styleC. it was made into a music videoD. it left people with happy memories7. The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers that ________.A. 80s pop music is and will remain popularB. 80s pop music has many faultsC. 80s pop music is now out of dateD. we shouldn’t forget the great musicians of the 80sCThe regular world presented to us by our five senses — you could call it reality 1.0 — is not always the most user-friendly. We get lost in unfamiliar cities; we meet people whose language we don’t understand. So why not try the improved version: augmented reality（AR）or reality 2.0 ? AR technology adds computer-produced images on the real world via a mobile phone camera or special video glasses.Early forms of AR are already here — smart phones can deliver information about nearby ATMs and restaurants and other points of interest. But that’s just the beginning. A few years from now the quantity of information available will have increased hugely. You will not only see that there’s a Chinese restaurant on the next block, but you will be able to see the menu and read reviews of it.This is where the next revolution in computing will take place: in the interface（界面）between the real world and the information brought to us via the Internet. Imagine bubbles floating before your eyes, filled with cool information about anything and everything that you see in front of you.Let’s jump ahead to ten years from now. A person trying to fix a car won’t be reading a book with pictures; he will be wearing a device that projects animated 3D computer graphics onto the equipment under repair, labelling parts and giving step-by-step guidance.The window onto the AR world can be a smart phone or special video glasses. But in ten years’ time these will have been replaced by contact lenses(隐形眼镜) with tiny LEDs, which present something at a readable distance in front of eyes. So a deaf person wearing these lenses will be able to see what people are saying.The question is, while we are all absorbed in our new augmented reality world, how willwe be communicating with each other?8. What is the text mainly about?A. The relationship between reality 1.0 and reality 2.0.B. Different forms of the AR technology.C. The next information technology revolution.D. The popularity of the AR technology.9. Which of the following will AR technology support according to the text?A. To pay for things online conveniently.B. To play online games merrily.C. To offer information efficiently.D. To communicate with others socially.10. What are Contact lenses with tiny LEDs used for?A. Show texts and images.B. Protect people’s eyes.C. Help deaf people communicate.D. Replace smart phone.11. What’s the author’s attitude towards the AR technology?A. Indifferent.B. Critical.C. Concerned.D. Favourable.D“Heavy hearts, like heavy clouds in the sky, are best relieved by the letting of a little water, the French writer Antoine de Rivarol wrote. This love letter to the cleansing beauty of a good cry is a comforting thought at atime when the continuing stress of the COVID-19 has added heaviness to each of our lives.Scientifically, de Rivarol's poetic image doesn't, if you'll forgive the words used in the poem, hold water. There's limited research on crying, partly because of the difficulty of copying the behavior of real crying in a lab. But even within the previous studies, there's little evidence to suggest that crying provides a physiological cleansing of poisons in people's body.Psychologists believe the relief of a good cry connects with a different emotional process. “It seems that crying occurs just after the peak of the emotional experience, and crying is associated with this return to homeostasis: the process of maintaining a stable psychological state,” said Lauren Bylsma. He also said holding back tears can have negative physical consequences, including headaches and muscle tension. Such restriction can also limit our experiences of joy, gratitude and other positive emotions if we avoid acknowledging our feelings.For me crying has been easier said than done during the COVID-19. Psychologists say it's normal to feel stopped up by the stresses of the past year. We should find opportunities to release and process our emotions.Watching a tear-jerking movie, having an emotional conversation with a close friend, and writing in a journal are healthy ways toelicita cry. Physical activity like light-footed walking or even dancing can also signal our bodies to release some emotional tightness. We can then open up to the flow of feelings that leave us feeling lighter and refreshed—like a clear sky after a soaking rain.12. What is the weakness of the studies ever clone on crying?A. They were clone in a laboratory setting.B. They cared little about different forms of crying.C. They were always concentrated on people's daily life.D. They showed little about the positive physical effect of crying.13. What is the function of crying according to Lauren Bylsma?A. Curing people of their diseases.B. Keeping emotionally balanced.C. Producing negative mental results.D. Expanding people's experience of joy.14. What does the underlined word “elicit” in the last paragraph mean?A. Produce.B. Postpone.C. Control.D. Repeat.15. What are people advised to do according to the text?A. Learn to hold back their tears wisely.B. Share their emotion with their colleagues.C. Have a good cry when necessary.D. Try to avoid admitting our feelings.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。