中国政府工作报告中特色词汇的翻译

试析《政府工作报告》中高频词汇的翻译作者：王婷来源：《科技资讯》2015年第04期摘要：政府工作报告作为一种特殊的政论文体，是国际社会了解中国形势和政策主张的最重要、最权威的来源，因此其翻译便具有了举足轻重的作用。

该文以汉斯·费米尔的目的论为理论指导，基于2014年新一届政府工作报告中的高频词汇的英译进行统计研究，探讨其在翻译时所使用的翻译策略。

关键词：政府工作报告目的论翻译发展中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-3791（2015）02（a）-0212-02Abstract：The report on the work of the government is a special style that related to the politics.The translation of the report is quite important due to its function.As China’s development growing，the international society want to know more about our policy，so the report is a way for foreigners to know more about China.This paper aiming at analyzing the translation of high frequency words under the skopos theory in the report in 2014，take“发展”as an example to illustrate.Key words：Report on the work of the government；Skopos theory；Translation；Development随着全球化的推进及我国经济的迅猛发展，中国在世界上的影响日益扩大，越来越多的人想要了解中国。

每日来背10个政府报告特色词汇-CATTI冲刺打卡
高斋翻译TransElegant整理的CATTI和MTI备考资料
政府报告特色词汇
建议看完在最后留言或者转发打卡
1. 推进“一带一路”建设：advance the Belt and Road initiative
2. 做好发展战略对接：synergize our development strategies
3. 互联互通项目：connectivity projects
4. 促进网络互联互通：promote Internet connectivity
5. 把2016年确定为“中国—中东欧国家人文交流年”：designate 2016 as the China-CEEC Year of Cultural and People-to-people Exchanges
6. 亚洲基础设施投资银行：the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
7. 中国—中东欧国家领导人会晤：the summit of China and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC)
8. 养殖: husbandry
9. 更多绿色产品推介到中国市场：introduce more green products to the Chinese market
10. 推动农产品贸易增长，促进贸易平衡发展：facilitate trade in agricultural products and improve trade balance。

功能对等视角下《中国政府工作报告》特色词汇翻译分析随着中国的崛起，世界各国对中国政府工作报告的关注也逐渐增加。

这份报告被认为是中国政府在年度工作中所取得的突出成就的概括性文件，也是政府工作的总结和部署的指南。

然而，由于语言和文化的差异，翻译过程中常常会出现一些问题。

因此，本文将从功能对等视角出发，对《中国政府工作报告》中的特色词汇进行翻译分析。

在翻译过程中，功能对等视角是一种翻译理论，它强调根据源语言和目标语言的文化背景和功能需求进行翻译，以实现交际目标的最大化。

在分析《中国政府工作报告》的特色词汇时，我们需要考虑到这些词汇所传达的信息和意义，以确定最合适的翻译策略。

首先，我们来看一些在报告中频繁出现的特色词汇。

比如，“供给侧结构性改革”（supply-side structural reform）这一词汇被广泛用于描述中国当前经济发展的重点，旨在调整供需结构，提高供给效率。

在翻译时，可以采用功能对等视角将其译为“supply-side structural reform”。

这样的翻译能够准确传达政府在经济改革方面的目标和策略。

另一个例子是“节能减排”（energy conservation and emission reduction）。

在中国政府工作报告中，这个词汇被用来描述环境保护的重点工作。

在翻译时，我们可以将其译为“energy conservation and emission reduction”，这样的翻译不仅能够准确传达政府在环境保护方面的决心，也能够传达出中国政府在应对气候变化方面的积极态度。

此外，在报告中还存在一些特色词汇需要采用较为灵活的翻译策略。

例如，“创新驱动发展”（innovation-driven development）是中国政府倡导的重要经济发展理念之一。

该词汇所包含的内容广泛，包括科技创新、产业升级等。

在翻译时，根据上下文的不同，可以将其译为“innovation-driven development”或者“development driven by innovation”。

功能对等视角下《中国政府工作报告》特色词汇翻译分析功能对等视角下《中国政府工作报告》特色词汇翻译分析引言：《中国政府工作报告》是中国国家最高权力机关国务院向全国人民代表大会作出的一份报告，内容涵盖政府工作的总体部署、经济社会发展以及重点工作计划等。

作为重要的政策指导性文件，其翻译也备受关注。

本文从功能对等的角度出发，对《中国政府工作报告》中的特色词汇进行分析与翻译。

通过分析特色词汇的语义和功能，提出相应的翻译策略，以期准确传达原文信息。

一、概念解读在开始翻译分析之前，我们首先需要对一些重要的概念进行解读。

1.1 功能对等功能对等即根据源语言和目标语言的差异，保持信息传达的一致性和效果，而采取不同的表达方式。

它强调目标语言读者对信息的理解和接受程度，而不是追求完全的字面翻译。

1.2 特色词汇特色词汇指《中国政府工作报告》中特定的词汇，反映了当前社会经济发展的热点问题和政策导向，具有一定的独特性。

二、特色词汇翻译分析2.1 新发展格局"新发展格局"是《中国政府工作报告》中频繁出现的词汇。

这一概念源于中国国内经济转型升级的需求，旨在通过转变传统的经济增长方式，推动产业结构升级和新的发展方式。

在翻译时，可以采用"new development pattern"或"new development paradigm"来传达这一概念。

其中前者着重强调发展方式的新变化，后者更强调关系到整个发展模式的变化。

2.2 双循环"双循环"是《中国政府工作报告》中提到的重要的经济发展模式。

这一概念强调国内循环和国际循环的互动和协调，以推动国内经济和国际经济紧密结合。

在翻译时，可以使用"double circulation"或"dual circulation"来传达这一概念。

它们都可以准确地传达原文的意思，读者可以理解这是两种循环体系的互相促进。

政府工作报告热词——宏观经济篇从紧货币政策 tight monetary policy稳健财政政策 prudent fiscal policy宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation政府临时调控 government interim intervention经济增长模式 mode of economic development固定资产投资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset investment货币信贷投放仍然偏多 continued excessive supplies of money and credit流动性过剩 excessive liquidity转型过程 transformation process行政手段 administrative measures螺旋式通胀 spiraling inflation通胀压力 inflationary pressure抑制通胀to hold down inflation次贷危机 subprime mortgage crisis经济剧烈波动 drastic fluctuations in the economy 经济过热 economic overheating防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating 促进结构调整和协调发展to promote structural adjustment and balanced development减轻弱势群体负担ease the burden on the disadvantaged group增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出 to increase expenditures necessary "to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform" 政府工作报告热词——就业篇严厉打击非法用工to severely punish illegal employment加强劳动争议处理 to improve the handling of labor disputes加强劳动保障监察 to improve oversight for worker protection measures就业促进法Employment Promotion Law劳动合同法Labor Contract Law城镇登记失业率 registered urban unemployment rate 鼓励创业 to encourage business startups公共就业服务体系 public employment service system 完善再就业扶持政策 to improve the aid system for job seekers“零就业”家庭 zero-employment families就业机会 employment opportunities非农产业 nonagricultural sectors失业保险制度 unemployment insurance system劳动力总量大增 a large increase in the total workforce支持创办小型企业 to support citizens to establish small enterprises鼓励自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses 加强就业和创业培训to strengthen vocational training and training in how to start a business 城乡劳动者平等就业制度 an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally落实促进残疾人就业政策 to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities建立帮助零就业家庭解决就业困难长效机制 to create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs通过加强就业和创业培训，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来扩大就业 to expand employment "by encouraging and training business start-ups, strengthening job training, encouraging people to find jobs on their own, and supporting the establishment of small enterprises政府工作报告热词——国企篇国有企业 state owned enterprises (SOEs)主要产业 core business税收贡献 tax contributions民航 civil aviation所有制结构 ownership structure发展大型粮食基地 to develop large grain production bases国有资产所有权转移transferring ownership of state-owned assets完善所有制结构 to improve ownership structure实行政策性关闭破产 to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies建立国有资本经营预算制度 to set up a budget system for managing state capital国有企业资产总额 the total value of assets of state owned enterprises (SOEs)国有资产管理体制改革reform of the management system for state-owned assets国有经济布局与结构调整adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector 建立和完善国有资产出资人制度 to set up and improved a system for investors of state assets引入国有企业股份制to institute a stockholding system in SOEs邮政体制改革 reform of the postal service system 振兴老工业基地战略 strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases国有企业改革改组改造 reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs深化国有企业股份制改革 to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations加强公司化管理 to improve corporate governance 实行政策引导关闭和破产to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies加快资源枯竭型城市经济转型to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation扩大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点 to expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital引入竞争，加强政府管理和公共监督，深化垄断企业改革to deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public supervision严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准程序to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies资源型城市经济转型试点 to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion主辅分离，辅业改制to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core businesses and covert the former into independent company政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇能源消耗 energy consumption清洁、可再生能源 clean and renewable energy sources 化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标 targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业 to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力 urban sewage treatment capacity 重点流域的污染防治 pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水 safe drinking water污染物排放 emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会 a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划 implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法 to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investmen限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目 to limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。

中国译协中译英最新发布,各类专业术语直译1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national现译draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。

政府工作报告常用词汉译英（大力、推进、加快、有序、统筹）政府工作报告常用词汉译英（大力、推进、加快、有序、统筹）大力: ①大力调整产业结构We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry.②我们大力推进依法行政In a major push to advance law-based government administration③大力盘活存量资金redouble our efforts to put government funds on hand into use④大力发展普惠金融We will channel great energy into developing inclusive finance⑤大力发展节水农业work hard to develop water-efficient agriculture.⑥大力发展旅游、健康、养老、创意设计等生活和生产服务业channel great energy into developing tourism, health, elderly care, innovative design, and other better-living and production-related services.⑦大力发展众创空间We will work hard to develop the right environment for creativity⑧要大力发展风电、光伏发电、生物质能we will put great weight behind the development of wind power, photovoltaic power, and biomass energy⑨有中央政府一以贯之的大力支持with the central government continuing its strong support推进：①全面推进依法治国开启新征程embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China②经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进carry out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors③推进基础设施建设和区域协调发展Progress was made in developing infrastructure and promoting coordinated development among regions.④推进科技资源开放共享ensure that scientific and technological resources were openly shared⑤深入推进医药卫生改革发展。

政府工作报告常用英语词汇建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家；build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country关系国计民生的大事；matters vital to national well being and the people's livelihood人民生活水平；quality of life; the living standards生活费用；cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost 生活费收入；income available for cost of living新生儿死亡率；infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate预期寿命；life expectancy教育程度；educational status; education received教育程度比率；educational attainment ratio失业率；rate of unemployment过紧日子；tighten one's belt对口扶贫；provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions脱贫；lift off poverty; cast off poverty过温饱生活；live a life at a subsistent level小康生活；enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off实现小康目标；attain the goal of ensuring our people arelatively comfortable life安居工程；housing project for low-income families安居小区；a neighborhood for low-income families物业管理；estate management, property management复式住宅；compound apartment福利分房；buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one workswith加快住房分配货币化进程；capitalization process of housingdistribution/allocation社会保障；social security政府主导计划；government-sponsored programs个人自愿计划；voluntary private plans医疗保险；medical insurance伤残保险；disability insurance失业保险；unemployment insurance养老保险；retirement insurance退休基金；pension fund强制性普及方案；universally compulsory program面临困境；face adverse conditions精算界；actuarial profession精算师；actuaries对保障方案进行精算评估；Security programs should undergoactuarial review.裁定保险赔偿；adjudication of benefits社会保障“三条保障线”制度；social security system of “three guarantees”国企下岗职工基本生活保障；guarantee of basic cost of living allowancesfor workers laid off from state-owned enterprises失业保险；guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits城镇居民最低生活保障；guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险；Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas. 补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金；All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准；Allowances for certain disabled service men andwomen and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.带薪分流；assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing themto retain their original rank and benefits待业人员；job seekers生活待遇；material amenities待遇优厚的工作；a well-paid job定向培训；training for specific posts岗位培训；on-job training扫除青壮年文盲；eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people实现基本普及九年义务教育；The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.争取实现高等教育大众化；work to make regular higher education accessible tothe majority of young people推进素质教育；push ahead with education for all-around development应试教育；examination-oriented education system创新精神；be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind211 工程；211 Project培养创新精神和实践能力；help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展；ensure that students improve in terms oftheir moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in theirappreciation of aesthetics切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担；effectively reduce too heavy homeworkassignments for primary and secondary schoolstudents后勤服务社会化；make logistic services independent in their operation大力推行个人助学信贷；Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.招生就业指导；enrolment and vocation guidance中专生；secondary specialized or technical school student代培；training-on-contract program代培生；trainee on contract在职博士生；on-job doctorate大专文凭；associate degree (conferred to junior college students)研究生毕业证/学位证；graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma积极发展民办教育；Efforts should be made to develop schools not operatedby government education departments.贵族学校；exclusive school（美）; select school（英）失学儿童；dropouts自学成才；self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way行行出状元；Every profession produces its own leading authority.建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府；build a clean and diligent, pragmatic andefficient government坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针；adhere to the principle of “doing two jobsat once and attaching equal importance to each”高度重视精神文明建设；pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动；Extensive public participationactivities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.文明城市；model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards社会公德；social morality有公德心；be civic-minded职业道德；ethics of profession家庭美德；family virtues坚持正确的舆论导向；maintain the correct orientation for public opinion思想道德建设（思想政治工作）；moral education among people 树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观；help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争；The fight against pornography,illegal publicationsand piracy shall be continued.反对迷信；be against superstition舆论导向；direction of public opinion舆论监督；supervision by public opinion加强舆论监督；ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质；promote family planning and controlthe population size and improve the health of the people加强计划生育工作；further improve family planning努力稳定低生育水平；work to stabilize the low birth rate人口出生率；birth rate自然增长率；natural growth rate人口增长的高峰期；baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调；try to keep population growth in line withsocial and economic development计划生育责任制；responsibility system of family planning搞好优生优育；promote good prenatal and postnatal care抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务；devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要；The programs for thedevelopment of workconcerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.独生子女；the only child小家庭；nuclear family大家庭；extended family单亲家庭；single parent family人口老龄化；aging of population人口年轻化；rejuvenation of population关心和支持残疾人事业；Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.关心老龄人；care for senior citizens.社会治安状况好转；see an improved law-and-order situation 恶性犯罪；major crimes破案率；rate of solved criminal cases戒毒所；drug rehabilitation center保险业；The insurance industry保证重点支出；Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉；annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金；Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款；Non-performing loan层层转包和违法分保；Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值；output value城乡信用社；Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障；A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度；The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查；data from the sample survey出口信贷；Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy贷款质量；Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法；The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业；secondary industry第三产业；tertiary industry第一产业；primary industry独资企业；wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量；electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用；to give play to the regulatory role of themarket发展过快；excessive growth防范和化解金融风险；Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程；Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易；Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分；non-public sectors非贸易收汇；Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构；Non-bank financial institutions费改税；Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式；forms of distribution风险资金；risk funds副业；sideline production改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

政府工作报告双语热词【相关词汇】经济状况economicsituationGDP核算GDPcalculation核心指标coreindicator高质量发展high-qualitydevelopment工业产出industrialoutput增长质量growthqualityFiscaldeficit财政赤字Chinaloweredits我国的财政赤字目标由占GDP3%下调为2.6%。

中央政府已经宣布要保持积极的财政政策，进一步增发地方政府专项债券。

精品文档欢迎下载2【相关词汇】税收激励taxincentive减税降费cuttaxesandadministrativefees房产税propertytax免税taxmptionTaxreduction减税Chinahasbeencommittedtocuttingtaxesandfeesforenterprisesandempl oyeesinrecentyearsinabidtoboostinvestmentandconsumption.Totaltax esandfeecutsreachedabout1.3trillionyuanlastyear.近几年，我国一直致力于对企业和个人减税降费，以促进投资和消费。

去年减税降费总额达1.3万亿元。

【相关词汇】增值税value-addedtax企业所得税enterpriseincometax免税taxmption减税taxreduction,taxcut收入分配distributionofincome避税地taxhavenMonetarystance货币政策TheannualCentralEconomicWorkConferencesaidChinawillkeeptheprudentmonetarypolicy“neithertootightnortooloose“thisyearwhilemaint ainingmarketliquidityatareasonablyamplelevel.中央经济工作会议表示，今年我国将继续保持审慎的货币政策，要松紧适度，保持流动性合理充裕。

《政府工作报告》中有中国特色政经用语的对等翻译摘要：本文以20 00至20 05 年共6 界《政府工作报告》为语料, 在奈达等效翻译理论的基础上, 从词汇层面和语篇层面入手, 结合汉英语言文化差异以及对外宣传的特珠禽要对其中出现的有中国特色的政治经济用语的时等翻译进行探讨和总结。

关键词：奈达; 等效翻译; 词汇层面; 语篇层面; 有中国特色的政治经济用语一、引言《政府工作报告》是中国政府向其人民代表所做的工作总结和工作部署, 总结过去尸年建设有中国特色社会主义事业的新成就, 部署针对中国国情的大政方针、基本国策, 对党和国家事业的发展具有重大而深远的意义. 随着改革开放与对外交流的日益频繁, 以及中国在世政治经济生活中的影响日益扩大, 一年一度的《政府工作报告》更是倍受世界瞩目。

但是《政府工作报告》的翻译却很有难度. 首先, 它的政治性和政策性极强, 对译文准确性的要求极高, 稍有差错就可能影响到国家的政治经济利益、形象声誉甚至国际关系, 造成无可挽回的损失。

其次, 不少中国特有的新提法、新概念不断涌现, 很难在英文中找到完全对等的译语。

第三, 行文结构和用词极具中国特色, 也给翻译工作带来困难川。

美国著名翻译理论家奈达, 从现代语言学角度出发, 结合交际理论、读者反应论和信息论在6 0 一70 年代提出了“ 动态对等” 翻译理论. “ 所谓动态对等翻译, 是指从语义到语体, 在接受语中用最贴近的自然对等语再现源发语的信息。

’心] 以’奈达主张译者应着眼于读者来考虑原文的意义和精神, 以译文信息内容和交际效果对等为目的, 不拘泥于原文的语言结构, 改变原文形式, 重组信息, 重建形式和语义结构, 使译文读者能以与原文读者基本相同的方式理解和欣赏译文.80年代他又将其修正为“功能对等’, , 其实两者实质上是相同的, 重点都在“ 对等” 上。

等效翻译理论在跨文化翻译中应用相当广泛。

《政府工作报告》译语接受者是外籍人士, 其语言、文化背景、民族心理、历史、生活习惯等都与我们不同。

政府工作报告50个热词翻译习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era“五位一体” (经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设五位一体)the "five-sphere integrated plan": a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological advancement“四个全面”(协调推进全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党)the "four-pronged comprehensive strategy": a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance“十三五”规划the 13th Five-Year Plan共享经济sharing economy“一带一路”the Belt and Road Initiative人类命运共同体 a community with a shared future for mankind营改增replacement of business tax with value added tax (V AT)供给侧结构性改革supply-side structural reform“三去一降一补”(去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板)the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness“中国制造2025”Made in China 2025创新驱动发展战略the innovation-driven development strategy全民健身Fitness-for-All programs“三严三实”(领导干部要严以修身、严以用权、严以律己，谋事要实、创业要实、做人要实)Three Stricts and Three Earnests: the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline; and to be earnest in one's thinking, work, and behavior工匠精神the spirit of workmanship创新型国家 a country of innovators精准脱贫targeted poverty alleviation蓝天保卫战the fight to defend the blue of our skies“双一流”world-class universities and world-class disciplines“四个意识”(政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识)to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment “四个自信”(中国特色社会主义道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信)confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics社会主义核心价值观core socialist values城镇调查失业率the surveyed urban unemployment rate“僵尸企业”"zombie enterprise"亲清新型政商关系 a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business 要素市场化配置market-based allocation of the factors of production影子银行shadow banking“厕所革命”the Toilet Revolution雄安新区Xiongan New Area粤港澳大湾区the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area海洋经济the maritime economy新型城镇化new urbanization“城中村”villages in cities亚投行Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank沪港通Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect深港通Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect债券通the Bond Connect“两学一做”(学党章党规、学系列讲话，做合格党员)Party members should develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping's major policy addresses and live up to Party standards纠正“四风”(形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风)to address the practice of formalities for formalities' sake, bureaucratism, hedonism ['hidənɪzəm], and extravagance国务院“约法三章”the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending“九二共识”the 1992 consensus“三农”(农业、农村和农民) agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents新能源汽车new-energy vehicles全面取消二手车限迁政策rescind [rɪ'sɪnd] all local policies that restrict sales of non-local second-hand vehicles健康中国战略Healthy China strategy分级诊疗tiered [tɪəd] diagnosis and treatment三年棚改攻坚计划 a three-year renovation plan to address housing in rundown urban areas新型国际关系 a new type of international relations乡村振兴战略the rural revitalization strategy“双创”business startups and innovation“互联网+”the Internet Plus model品质革命 a revolution in the quality of Chinese-made goods。

2482019年17期总第457期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS政府工作报告中中国特色词汇英译——以《2019年政府工作报告》为例文/伍永晔随着综合国力显著提升，我国在世界历史舞台上发挥着越来越重要的作用，与世界各国的交流日益频繁。

作为与各国间交流的桥梁之一，每年政府工作报告及其英译本广受关注。

政府工作报告作为对外宣传的重要工具，其英译本是“一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境建设的具体体现”，是“决定外宣效果的最直接因素”，是一种“门面工作”。

因此，对其翻译必须认真负责，容不得半点纰漏与瑕疵。

其中大量中国特色词汇的翻译便是做好政府工作报告的一大难点。

王小萍指出，这些特殊词汇的翻译属于政治文献翻译工作中密不可分的一部分，通过他们，人民可以全面了解到中国的现时国情和发展状况，从而促进国内外的交流与合作。

中国特色词汇指中国语言独有的表达形式，包括一些概念、政治术语、短语和汉语民族文化特色鲜明的词语等。

关于其分类则是众说纷纭，各抒所见。

通过借鉴其他学者的分类和词语间的比较，本文将《2019年政府工作报告》中出现的中国特色词汇分为三类：成语，带数字的词汇和文化负载词。

并根据此分类，对中国特色词汇的翻译进行研究。

成语，是汉文化中一颗璀璨的明珠，是中国传统文化的一大特色，有固定的结构形式和说法，表示一定的意义，在语句中作为整体来应用。

成语在用词方面与当代汉语不同，多代表特定的典故、故事。

要想翻译好政府工作报告中的成语，不仅需要深厚的文化功底，更需要透彻理解成语背后所指的政治、经济、社会内涵。

如“我们要尽力为群众救急解困、雪中送炭，基本民生的底线要坚决兜牢。

”一句翻译为“We must do our best to address urgent needs of people in difficulty, provide help when they need it most and ensure that the basic living needs of the people are met.”译者将成语“雪中送炭”翻译为“provide help when they need it”，省略成语本意，采用意译的方法直接翻出隐含意。

中国政府工作报告中特色词汇的翻译改革开放之后，中国的政治，经济，文化的发展及现状有巨大转变，而这种变化就是涌现出许多有中国特色的新词语，每一个新词的背后都是一种新文化，新发展。

在现实中，从西方文化中找到与中国特色的词汇对等的表达成为汉英翻译的一大难题。

本文结合奈达的功能对等论对中国特色词汇的翻译进行了探讨。

政府工作报告是对上一年来政府工作的总结，也是对中国特色社会主义建设成就的总结，并在基本国情的基础上制定国家政策和方针，对国家影响深远。

随着改革开放的深入及中国在国际事务中日益重要的地位，每年的政府工作报告都引起世界的广泛关注。

但是问题来了，在工作报告中有一些具有中国特色的词汇无法在英语中找到对等语。

由于政治文献的特殊性，翻译必须要恰当准确。

一旦翻译有误，小则给读者的理解带来麻烦，大则让西方读者对中国的国情现状产生误解，对中国在国际中形象造成负面影响。

因此，中国特色政治词汇能否准确翻译对宣传和弘扬中国特色文化有重要意义。

中国特色词汇中国特色词汇是一种包括了概念、政治术语以及具有独特中国传统文化特色的独特的语言表达形式。

政府工作报告是关于国家发展，国家政治、经济、文化发展方向的文体，其中有大量具有中国本土特色的词汇，如“南水北调”、“西气东输”、“三农”、“廉政建设”。

人们可以从这些词汇全面得了解中国发展的现状，促进国内外的交流与合作。

然而，词汇往往是语言中最活跃的因素，社会的飞速发展也会带动中国特色词汇的快速变化。

因此，在国际环境日趋复杂的今天，我们在翻译中国政治类文献时，既要采取符合英语社会的表达习惯，又要尽量保存中国特色词汇的特色，保存其原有的社会传统意义，做到原文和译文在文化内涵，情感色彩和社会影响方面的真正对等。

功能对等在政治文献翻译中的运用政治文献的翻译实际上就是为了宣传本国的政治立场和意识形态，就是两种文化之间的交流与沟通，其目的就是为了获得有益的国际环境。

但是由于中国历史悠久，很多具有中国特色的词汇无法在英语中找到一一对应的表达，因此无法实现原文与译文的对等，在这种情况下更加注重译入语读者能否从译文中获去与原文相等的信息。

政府工作报告中的典型词汇（整理版）1.三公经费spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and officialhospitality2.淘汰落后产能close down outdated production facilities3.倡导学术诚信advocate academic integrity4.大力实施素质教育energetically implement well-rounded education5.人民的知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权people’s rights to stay informed about,participate in, express views on, and oversee government affairs, and corrupt practices in law enforcement6.立党为公，执政为民。

The party was founded for public good and it exercises statepower/governance forthe people.1.总揽全局Exercise leadership with a holistic view2.人们日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产力之间矛盾是我国社会的主要矛盾。

Theprincipal problem in our society is that the backward production cannot meetthe ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people.3.工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化industrialization, IT application,urbanizationand agricultural modernization4.财税体系The fiscal and taxation systems5.加强宏观调控目标和政策手段机制化建设Strengthen institutional procedures forsetting macro-regulation targets and employingpolicy tools6.扩大内需boosting domestic demand.7.依法治国law based on governance.8.社会主义政治文明socialist political progress/advance9.广泛权利和自由extensive rights and freedoms as prescribed10.深化改革deepen reform1.全民阅读nationwide reading 来源：发展文化艺术、新闻出版、广播电影电视、档案等事业，繁荣发展哲学社会科学，倡导全民阅读。

政府工作报告热词英汉对照2009-08-23 17:44澄澈空灵政府工作报告热词——股市、卫生、教育[有特色、高水平的奥运会unique, well-run Olympic Games加强国际合作，创造良好环境to strengthen cooperation with the international community and create an excellent environment促进中国经济社会发展to promote China's economic and social development增进中国人民同世界各国人民的友谊与合作to increase friendship and cooperation between Chinese and the peoples of other countries粮食总产量grain output第三大贸易国the third largest trading nation世界第四大经济体world's fourth largest economy国家税收government revenue外汇储备foreign exchange reserves更加开放的经济体more open economy加快发展债券市场to accelerate development of the bond market稳步发展期货市场to steadily develop the futures market创业板市场growth enterprise market中小企业板small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) board市值market capitalization（指已发行股票的总值）印花税stamp tax国家开发银行China Development Bank创业板块市场market for growth enterprises债券市场bond market期货市场futures market提高上市公司质量improve the performance of listed companies维护公开公平公正的市场秩序to maintain an open, fair and equitable market environment医疗保障medical insurance公共卫生服务health care医疗改革healthcare reform社会保障体系social security system医疗改革初步方案preliminary plan on the health care reform公开征求意见to solicit opinions from the general public基本医疗保险basic medical insurance安全、有效、方便、价廉的基本医疗卫生服务safe, effective, convenient and affordable basic medical and health service人人享有基本医疗卫生服务to provide everyone with access to basic medical and health services扩大城镇居民基本医疗保险试点to extend the trial of basic medical insurance for urban residents新型农村合作医疗制度new type of rural cooperative medical care system药品价格上涨surging drug prices免费的九年义务教育free, nine-year compulsory education免费义务教育free compulsory education学杂费miscellaneous fees政府工作报告热词——国防、台湾问题[ 2008-03-11 09:43 ]统筹经济建设和国防建设to balance economic development and national defense完成多样化军事任务accomplish a diverse array of military tasks领土完整territorial integrity人民武装警察部队the People's Armed Force执勤、处置突发事件、反恐维稳能力ability to enforce law, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability国防预算defense budget中国的领土和主权完整China's sovereignty and territorial integrity一国两制One China, Two Systems台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots促进两岸和平to promote cross-Straits peace和平发展两岸关系peaceful development of cross-Straits relations促进两岸经济文化交流to promote cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges“三通”（通邮、通商、通航）direct links of mail, transport and trade“台独”分裂活动"Taiwan independence" secessionist activities“台独”分裂势力"Taiwan independence" secessionist forces“入联公投” "refer endum" on Taiwan's United Nations membership政府工作报告热词——物价篇[ 2008-03-11 09:30 ]“米袋子”工程"rice bag" (grain supply) program“菜篮子”工程"vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program 物价上涨price hike价格过度上涨excessive price hikes消费者价格指数Consumer Price Index (CPI)生产者价格指数Producer Price Index稳健的财政政策prudent fiscal policy从紧的货币政策tight monetary policy固定资产投资fixed asset investment资源产品价格改革price revisions of resource products推动价格上涨的压力upward pressure on prices增加有效供给to increase effective supply抑制过度需求to curb excessive demand最受关注话题topics of most concern社会保障social security低收入人群low-income population进一步扩大内需和消费to further expand domestic demand and consumption稳定价格防止经济过热to stabilize prices and prevent the economy from overheating旧式的、依靠投资和出口拉动经济增长的模式old practice of relying on investment and exports for economic growth正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度to maintain an appropriate pace, focus and intensity in macroeconomic controls加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必需品生产to boost the production of daily necessities such as grain, vegetable oil and meat提高涉及人身健康和安全产品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛to raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety政府工作报告热词——能源、环境篇[ 2008-03-10 10:47 ]能源消耗energy consumption清洁、可再生能源clean and renewable energy sources化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand节能减排目标targets for saving energy and reducing emissions节能减排技术energy conservation and emission reduction technologies淘汰落后生产企业to close down backward production facilities加强先进生产能力建设to develop advanced production facilities城市污水处理能力urban sewage treatment capacity重点流域的污染防治pollution control in major river valleys and regions农村饮用水rural drinking water安全饮用水safe drinking water污染物排放emissions of pollutants资源节约型、环境友好型社会 a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society抓好重点企业节能和重点工程建设to focus on energy conservation in key enterprises and construction of key projects产品质量安全标准制定和修订the formulation or updating of national standards for the safety of food products, drugs and other consumer goods落实电力、钢铁、水泥、煤炭、造纸等行业淘汰落后生产能力计划implement the plan to close down backward production facilities in the electricity, steel, cement, coal and papermaking industries纠正招商引资中违法违规的做法to correct illegal practices for attracting foreign investment限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分资源性外资项目to limit or ban foreign investment in projects that are energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban foreign investment in some areas of resource exploitation提高重点流域水污染物的国家排放标准。

关于国家大事及政治的一些英语词汇For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of living allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）中国特色词汇翻译1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinesecharacteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and SpiritualCivilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick,Paper, and Inkstone",两会热词在近日开幕的全国政协会议上，政协委员纷纷建言献策，反腐倡廉、医疗改革、食品药品安全、收入分配、就业问题、环境保护、住房问题、教育公平、社会保险、司法公正等问题成为关注的焦点。

2011年政府工作报告摘要英汉对照[ 2011-03-07 17:25 ]The Fourth Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC), China's parliament, opens at 9 a.m. Saturday in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.2011年3月5日上午9时，第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议在人民大会堂开幕。

Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a report on the work of the government at the opening meeting chaired by NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo.国务院总理温家宝作政府工作报告。

This webpage will be updated continuously. Following are the highlights of Wen's report:本文将实时更新出温家宝总理报告中的重点部分：Global issues国际关系"China will play a constructive role in helping resolve hot issues and global problems."“中国将发挥建设性作用以解决全球热点问题。

”Income收入分配"Readjusting income distribution is a pressing task at present, and an endeavor to be pursued in a longer term."“收入分配问题既是一项长期任务，也是当前的紧迫工作。

”Price stability保持物价总水平基本稳定"Recently, prices have risen fairly quickly and inflation expectations have increased. This problem concerns the people's well-being, bears on overall interests and affects social stability. We must, therefore, make it our top priority in macroeconomic control to keep overall price levels stable. We need to make the most of favourable conditions, such as an ample supply of manufactured goods and our abundant grain reserves and considerable foreign exchange reserves, endeavor to overcome the adverse effects of imported andstructural inflation, cushion the upward pressure for costs of factors of production, and correctly guide market expectations to resolutely curb prices."“当前，物价上涨较快，通胀预期增强。