CHAPTER XXII type

Pickwick Papers（匹克威克外传）英文版ELECBOOK CLASSICSTHEPICKWICKPAPERSCharles DickensELECBOOK CLASSICSebc0013. Charles Dickens: The Pickwick PapersThis file is free for individual use only. It must not be altered or resold.Organisations wishing to use it must first obtain a licence.Low cost licenses are available. Contact us through our web site The Electric Book Co 1998The Electric Book Company Ltd20 Cambridge Drive, London SE12 8AJ, UK+44 0181 488 3872 //.THE PICKWICKPAPERSCharles DickensThe Posthumous PapersOf The Pickwick ClubThe Pickwick Papers 4CONTENTSClick on number to go to ChapterChapter ITHE PICKWICKIANS..14Chapter IITHE FIRST DAY’S JOURNEY, AND THE FIRST EVENING’S ADVENTURES; WITH THEIR CONSEQUENCES..21Chapter IIIA NEW ACQUAINTANCE?THE STROLLER’S TALE?A DISAGREEABLE INTERRUPTION, AND AN UNPLEASANT ENCOUNTER.58Chapter IVA FIELD DAY AND BIVOUAC?MORE NEW FRIENDS?AN INVITATION TO THE COUNTRY.74Chapter VA SHORT ONE?SHOWING, AMONG OTHER MATTERS, HOW Mr. PICKWICK UNDERTOOK TO DRIVE, AND Mr. WINKLE TO RIDE, AND HOW THEY BOTH DID IT.91Chapter VIAN OLD-FASHIONED CARD-PARTY? THE CLERGYMAN’S VERSES?THE STORY OFTHE CONVICT’S RETURN..105Chapter VIIHOW Mr. WINKLE, INSTEAD OF SHOOTING AT THE PIGEON AND KILLING THE CROW, SHOT AT THE CROW AND WOUNDED THEPIGEON; HOW THE DINGLEY DELL CRICKETCLUB PLAYED ALL-MUGGLETON, AND HOW ALL-MUGGLETON DINED AT THE DINGLEY DELLCharles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 5 EXPENSE; WITH OTHER INTERESTING ANDINSTRUCTIVE MATTERS126Chapter VIIISTRONGLY ILLUSTRATIVE OF THEPOSITION, THAT THE COURSE OF TRUE LOVE ISNOT A RAILWAY.146Chapter IXA DISCOVERY AND A CHASE..164Chapter XCLEARING UP ALL DOUBTS IF ANYEXISTED OF THE DISINTERESTEDNESS OF Mr.JINGLE’S CHARACTER.177Chapter XIINVOLVING ANOTHER JOURNEY,AND AN ANTIQUARIAN DISCOVERY; RECORDINGMr. PICKWICK’S DETERMINATION TO BEPRESENT AT AN ELECTION; AND CONTAINING A MANUSCRIPT OF THE OLD CLERGYMAN’S.196Chapter XIIDESCRIPTIVE OF A VERYIMPORTANT PROCEEDING ON THE PART OF Mr.PICKWICK; NO LESS AN EPOCH IN HIS LIFE,THAN IN THIS HISTORY.221Chapter XIIISOME ACCOUNT OF EATANSWILL;OF THE STATE OF PARTIES THEREIN; AND OFTHE ELECTION OF A MEMBER TO SERVE INPARLIAMENT FOR THAT ANCIENT, LOYAL, ANDPATRIOTIC BOROUGH.230Chapter XIVCOMPRISING A BRIEFDESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY AT THEPEACOCK ASSEMBLED; AND A TALE TOLD BY ABAGMAN.255Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 6 Chapter XVIN WHICH IS GIVEN A FAITHFULPORTRAITURE OF TWO DISTINGUISHEDPERSONS; AND AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OFA PUBLIC BREAKFAST IN THEIR HOUSE ANDGROUNDS: WHICH PUBLIC BREAKFAST LEADSTO THE RECOGNITION OF AN OLDACQUAINTANCE, AND THE COMMENCEMENT OFANOTHER CHAPTER..279Chapter XVITOO FULL OF ADVENTURE TO BEBRIEFLY DESCRIBED299Chapter XVIISHOWING THAT AN ATTACK OF RHEUMATISM, IN SOME CASES, ACTS AS AQUICKENER TO INVENTIVE GENIUS.325Chapter XVIIIBRIEFLY ILLUSTRATIVE OF TWOPOINTS; FIRST, THE POWER OF HYSTERICS,AND, SECONDLY, THE FORCE OFCIRCUMSTANCEs..337Chapter XIXA PLEASANT DAY WITH ANUNPLEASANT TERMINATION..352Chapter XXSHOWING HOW DODSON AND FOGGWERE MEN OF BUSINESS, AND THEIR CLERKSMEN OF PLEASURE; AND HOW AN AFFECTINGINTERVIEW TOOK PLACE BETWEEN Mr. WELLERAND HIS LONG-LOST PARENT; SHOWING ALSOWHAT CHOICE SPIRITS ASSEMBLED AT THEMAGPIE AND STUMP, AND WHAT A CAPITALCHAPTER THE NEXT ONE WILL BE372Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 7 Chapter XXIIN WHICH THE OLD MANLAUNCHES FORTH INTO HIS FAVOURITETHEME, AND RELATES A STORY ABOUT AQUEER CLIENT395Chapter XXIIMr. PICKWICK JOURNEYS TOIPSWICH AND MEETS WITH A ROMANTICADVENTURE WITH A MIDDLE-AGED LADY INYELLOW CURL-PAPERS419Chapter XXIIIIN WHICH Mr. SAMUEL WELLERBEGINS TO DEVOTE HIS ENERGIES TO THERETURN MATCH BETWEEN HIMSELF AND Mr.TROTTER..441Chapter XXIVWHEREIN Mr. PETER MAGNUSGROWS JEALOUS, AND THE MIDDLE-AGED LADY APPREHENSIVE, WHICH BRINGS THEPICKWICKIANS WITHIN THE GRASP OF THELAW.453Chapter XXVSHOWING, AMONG A VARIETY OFPLEASANT MATTERS, HOW MAJESTIC ANDIMPARTIAL Mr. NUPKINS WAS; AND HOW Mr.WELLE R RETURNED Mr. JOB TROTTER’SSHUTTLECOCK AS HEAVILY AS IT CAME?WITHANOTHER MATTER, WHICH WILL BE FOUND INITS PLACE475Chapter XXVIWHICH CONTAINS A BRIEFACCOUNT OF THE PROGRESS OF THE ACTIONOF BARDELL AGAINST PICKWICK..501Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 8Chapter XXVIISAMUEL WELLER MAKES APILGRIMAGE TO DORKING, AND BEHOLDS HISMOTHER-IN-LAW..510Chapter XXVIIIA GOOD-HUMOUREDCHRISTMAS CHAPTER, CONTAINING ANACCOUNT OF A WEDDING, AND SOME OTHERSPORTS BESIDE: WHICH ALTHOUGH IN THEIRWAY, EVEN AS GOOD CUSTOMS AS MARRIAGEITSELF, ARE NOT QUITE SO RELIGIOUSLY KEPTUP, IN THESE DEGENERATE TIMES..524Chapter XXIXTHE STORY OF THE GOBLINSWHO STOLE A SEXTON.554Chapter XXXHOW THE PICKWICKIANS MADEAND CULTIVATED THE ACQUAINTANCE OF ACOUPLE OF NICE YOUNG MEN BELONGING TOONE OF THE LIBERAL PROFESSIONS; HOW THEYDISPORTED THEMSELVES ON THE ICE; ANDHOW THEIR VISIT CAME TO A CONCLUSION568Chapter XXXI. WHICH IS ALL ABOUT THE LAW,AND SUNDRY GREAT AUTHORITIES LEARNEDTHEREIN584Chapter XXXIIDESCRIBES, FAR MORE FULLYTHAN THE COURT NEWSMAN EVER DID, ABACHELOR’S PARTY, GIVEN BY Mr. BOB SAWYERAT HIS LODGINGS IN THE BOROUGH..606Chapter XXXIII. Mr. WELLER THE ELDERDELIVERS SOME CRITICAL SENTIMENTSCharles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 9RESPECTING LITERARY COMPOSITION; AND,ASSISTED BY HIS SON SAMUEL, PAYS A SMALLINSTALMENT OF RETALIATION TO THEACCOUNT OF THE REVEREND GENTLEMANWITH THE RED NOSE625Chapter XXXIVIS WHOLLY DEVOTED TO AFULL AND FAITHFUL REPORT OF THEMEMORABLE TRIAL OF BARDELL AGAINSTPICKWICK.648Chapter XXXVIN WHICH Mr. PICKWICK THINKSHE HAD BETTER GO TO BATH; AND GOESACCORDINGLY.682Chapter XXXVITHE CHIEF FEATURES OFWHICH WILL BE FOUND TO BE AN AUTHENTICVERSION OF THE LEGEND OF PRINCE BLADUD,AND A MOST EXTRAORDINARY CALAMITY THATBEFELL Mr. WINKLE.704Chapter XXXVIIHONOURABLY ACCOUNTS FORMr. WELLER’S ABSENCE, BY DESCRIBING ASOIREE TO WHICH HE WAS INVITED AND WENT;ALSO RELATES HOW HE WAS ENTRUSTED BYMr. PICKWICK WITH A PRIVATE MISSION OFDELICACY AND IMPORTANCE.720Chapter XXXVIII. HOW Mr. WINKLE, WHEN HE STEPPED OUT OF THE FRYING-PAN, WALKEDGENTLY AND COMFORTABLY INTO THE FIRE739Chapter XXXIXMr. SAMUEL WELLER, BEINGCharles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 10 INTRUSTED WITH A MISSION OF LOVE,PROCEEDS TO EXECUTE IT; WITH WHATSUCCESS WILL HEREINAFTER APPEAR758Chapter XLINTRODUCES Mr. PICKWICK TO ANEW AND NOT UNINTERESTING SCENE IN THEGREAT DRAMA OF LIFE..779Chapter XLIWHAT BEFELL Mr. PICKWICKWHEN HE GOT INTO THE FLEET; WHATPRISONERS HE SAW THERE, AND HOW HEPASSED THE NIGHT..797Chapter XLIIILLUSTRATIVE, LIKE THEPRECEDING ONE, OF THE OLD PROVERB, THATADVERSITY BRINGS A MAN ACQUAINTED WITHSTRANGE BEDFELLOWS?LIKEWISECONTAINING Mr. PICKWICK’S EXTRAORDINARYAND STARTLING ANNOUNCEMENT TO Mr.SAMUEL WELLER.815Chapter XLIIISHOWING HOW Mr. SAMUELWELLER GOT INTO DIFFICULTIES.836Chapter XLIVTREATS OF DIVERS LITTLEMATTERS WHICH OCCURRED IN THE FLEET,AND OF Mr. WINKLE’S MYSTERIOUSBEHAVIOUR; AND SHOWS HOW THE POORCHANCERY PRISONER OBTAINED HIS RELEASEAT LAST..855Chapter XLV. DESCRIPTIVE OF AN AFFECTING INTERVIEW BETWEEN Mr. SAMUEL WELLERCharles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 11 AND A FAMILY PARTY. Mr. PICKWICK MAKES ATOUR OF THE DIMINUTIVE WORLD HEINHABITS, AND RESOLVES TO MIX WITH IT, INFUTURE, AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE..874Chapter XLVIRECORDS A TOUCHING ACT OFDELICATE FEELING, NOT UNMIXED WITHPLEASANTRY, ACHIEVED AND PERFORMED BYMessrs. DODSON AND FOGG897Chapter XLVIIIS CHIEFLY DEVOTED TOMATTERS OF BUSINESS, AND THE TEMPORALADVANTAGE OF DODSON AND FOGG?Mr.WINKLE REAPPEARS UNDER EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCES?Mr. PICKWICK’SBENEVOLENCE PROVES STRONGER THAN HISOBSTINACY.911Chapter XLVIIIRELATES HOW Mr. PICKWICK,WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF SAMUEL WELLER,ESSAYED TO SOFTEN THE HEART OF Mr.BENJAMIN ALLEN, AND TO MOLLIFY THEWRATH OF Mr. ROBERT SAWYER.928Chapter XLIXCONTAINING THE STORY OF THEBAGMAN’S UNCLE946Chapter LHOW Mr. PICKWICK SPED UPON HISMISSION, AND HOW HE WAS REINFORCED INTHE OUTSET BY A MOST UNEXPECTEDAUXILIARY..970Chapter LIIN WHICH Mr. PICKWICKCharles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 12ENCOUNTERS AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE?TOWHICH FORTUNATE CIRCUMSTANCE THE READER IS MAINLY INDEBTED FOR MATTER OF THRILLING INTEREST HEREIN SET DOWN, CONCERNING TWO GREAT PUBLIC MEN OF MIGHT AND POWER991Chapter LIIINVOLVING A SERIOUS CHANGE IN THE WELLER FAMILY, AND THE UNTIMELY DOWNFALL OF Mr. STIGGINS.1012Chapter LIIICOMPRISING THE FINAL EXIT OF Mr. JINGLE AND JOB TROTTER, WITH A GREAT MORNING OF BUSINESS IN GRAY’S INN SQUARE?CONCLUDING WITH A DOUBLEKNOCK AT Mr. PERKER’S DOOR..1029Chapter LIVCONTAINING SOME PARTICULARS RELATIVE TO THE DOUBLE KNOCK, AND OTHER MATTERS: AMONG WHICH CERTAIN INTERESTING DISCLOSURES RELATIVE TO Mr. SNODGRASS AND A YOUNG LADY ARE BY NO MEANS IRRELEVANT TO THIS HISTORY1047 Chapter LVMr. SOLOMON PELL, ASSISTED BY A SELECT COMMITTEE OF COACHMEN, ARRANGESTHE AFFAIRS OF THE ELDER Mr. WELLER..1069Chapter LVI. AN IMPORTANT CONFERENCETAKES PLACE BETWEEN Mr. PICKWICK ANDSAMUEL WELLER, AT WHICH HIS PARENTASSISTS?AN OLD GENTLEMAN IN A SNUFF-COLOURED SUIT ARRIVES UNEXPECTEDLY.1086Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 13Chapter LVIIIN WHICH THE PICKWICK CLUB ISFINALLY DISSOLVED, AND EVERYTHINGCONCLUDED TO THE SATISFACTION OFEVERYBODY1103Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 14Chapter ITHE PICKWICKIANShe first ray of light which illumines the gloom, andconverts into a dazzling brilliancy that obscurity in whichTthe earlier history of the public career of the immortalPickwick would appear to be involved, is derived from the perusal of the following entry in the Transactions of the Pickwick Club, which the editor of these papers feels the highest pleasure inlaying before his readers, as a proof of the careful attention,indefatigable assiduity, and nice discrimination, with which his search among the multifarious documents confided to him hasbeen conducted.‘May 12, 1827. Joseph Smiggers, Esq., P.V.P.M.P.C. [Perpetual Vice-President?Member Pickwick Club], presiding. The following resolutions unanimously agreed to:?‘That this Association has heard read, with feelings of unmingled satisfaction, and unqualified approval, the paper communicated by Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C. [General Chairman?Member Pickwick Cl ub], entitled “Speculations on the Source of the Hampstead Ponds, with some Observations on the Theory of Tittlebats;” and that this Association does hereby return its warmest thanks to the said Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C., for the same.‘That while this Association is deeply sensible of the advantages which must accrue to the cause of science, from the production to which they have just adverted?no less than from the unwearied Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 15 researches of Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C., in Hornsey, Highgate, Brixton, and Camberwell?they cannot but entertain a lively sense of the inestimable benefits which must inevitably result from carrying the speculations of that learned man into awider field, from extending his travels, and, consequently, enlarging his sphere of observation, to the advancement of knowledge, and the diffusion of learning.‘That, with the view just mentioned, this Association has taken into its serious consideration a proposal, emanating from the aforesaid, Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C., and three other Pickwickians hereinafter named, for forming a new branch of United Pickwickians, under the title of The Corresponding Society of the Pickwick Club.‘That the said proposal has received the sanction and approvalof this Association. ‘That the Corresponding Society of the Pickwick Club is therefore hereby constituted; and that Samuel Pickwick, Esq., G.C.M.P.C., Tracy Tupman, Esq., M.P.C.,Augustus Snodgrass, Esq., M.P.C., and Nathaniel Winkle, Esq.,M.P.C., are hereby nominated and appointed members of thesame; and that they be requested to forward, from time to time, authenticated accounts of their journeys and investigations, of their observations of character and manners, and of the whole of their adventures, together with all tales and papers to which local scenery or associations may give rise, to the Pickwick Club, stationed in London.‘That this Association cordially recognises the principle of everymember of the Corresponding Society defraying his own travelling expenses; and that it sees no objection whatever to the members of the said society pursuing their inquiries for any length of time they Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 16please, upon the same terms.‘That the members of the aforesaid Corresponding Society be,and are hereby informed, that their proposal to pay the postage of their letters, and the carriage of their parcels, has been deliberated upon by this Association: that this Association considers such proposal worthy of the great minds from which it emanated, and that it hereby signifies its perfect acquiescence therein.’A casual observer, adds the secretary, to whose notes we are indebted for the following account?a casual observer might possibly have remarked nothing extraordinary in the bald head, and circular spectacles, which were intently turned towards his the secretary’s face, during the reading of the above resolutions: to those who knew that the gigantic brain of Pickwick wasworking beneath that forehead, and that the beaming eyes of Pickwick were twinkling behind those glasses, the sight was indeed an interesting one. There sat the man who had traced to their source the mighty ponds of Hampstead, and agitated the scientific world with his Theory of Tittlebats, as calm andunmoved as the deep waters of the one on a frosty day, or as asolitary specimen of the other in the inmost recesses of an earthen jar. And how much more interesting did the spectacle become,when, starting into full life and animation, as a simultaneous call for ‘Pickwick’ burst from his followers, that illustrious man slowlymounted into the Windsor chair, on which he had been previously seated, and addressed the club himself had founded. What a study for an artist did that exciting scene present! The eloquentPickwick, with one hand gracefully concealed behind his coat tails, and the other waving in air to assist his glowing declamation; his elevated position revealing those tights and gaiters, which, had Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 17they clothed an ordinary man, might have passed withoutobservation, but which, when Pickwick clothed them?if we mayuse the expression?inspired involuntary awe and respect;surrounded by the men who had volunteered to share the perils of his travels, and who were destined to participate in the glories of his discoveries. On his right sat Mr. Tracy Tupman?the toosusceptible Tupman, who to the wisdom and experience ofmaturer years superadded the enthusiasm and ardour of a boy inthe most interesting and pardonable of human weaknesses?love.Time and feeding had expanded that once romantic form; theblack silk waistcoat had become more and more developed; inchby inch had the gold watch-chain beneath it disappeared from within the range of Tupman’s vision; and gradually had the capacious chin encroached upon the borders of the white cravat: but the soul of Tupman had known no change?admiration of thefair sex was still its ruling passion. On the left of his great leader sat the poetic Snodgrass, and near him again the sporting Winkle; the former poetically enveloped in a mysterious blue cloak with a canine-skin collar, and the latter communicating additional lustre to a new green shooting-coat, plaid neckerchief, and closely-fitted drabs.Mr. Pickwick’s oration upon this occasion, together with the debate thereon, is entered on the Transactions of the Club. Both bear a strong affinity to the discussions of other celebrated bodies; and, as it is always interesting to trace a resemblance between the proceedings of great men, we transfer the entry to these pages.‘Mr. Pickwick observed says the secretary that fame was dearto the heart of every man. Poetic fame was dear to the heart of his friend Snodgrass; the fame of conquest was equally dear to his Charles Dickens ElecBook ClassicsThe Pickwick Papers 18friend Tupman; and the desire of earning fame in the sports of thefield, the air, and the water was uppermost in the breast of his friend Winkle. He Mr. Pickwick would not deny that he wasinfluenced by human passions and human feelings cheers?possibly by human weaknesses loud cries of “No”; but this hewould say, that if ever the fire of self-importance broke out in his bosom, the desire to benefit the human race in preferenceeffectually quenched it. The praise of mankind was his swing;philanthropy was his insurance office. Vehement cheering. Hehad felt some pride?he acknowledged it freely, and let hisenemies make the most of it?he had felt some pride when hepresented his Tittlebatian Theory to the world; it might becelebrated or it might not. A cry of “It is,” and great cheering. Hewould take the assertion of that honourable Pickwickian whosevoice he had just heard?it was celebrated; but if the fame of that treatise were to extend to the farthest confines of the knownworld, the pride with which he should reflect on the authorship of that production would be as nothing compared with the pride with which he looked around him, on this, the proudest moment of his existen ce. Cheers. He was a humble individual. “No, no.” Still he could not but feel that they had selected him for a service of great honour, and of some danger. Travelling was in a troubledstate, and the minds of coachmen were unsettled. Let them lookabroad and contemplate the scenes which were enacting aroundthem. Stage-coaches were upsetting in all directions, horses。

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For information regarding p ermissions, request forms and the appropriate c ontacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights &Permissions department, please visit w /permissions/.Acknowledgements of third party content appear on page 387, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page.Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the p roperty of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any s ponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any r elationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. PEARSON, ALWA YS LEARNING and MasteringChemistry are exclusive trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries owned by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates.ISBN-10: 0-13-498983-XISBN-13: 978-0-13-498983-9Table of ContentsPeriodic Table (Inside front cover)Preface vii General Laboratory and Safety Rules viii General Laboratory Equipment and Procedures x Graphing Data Using Excel xxii ExPERimEnTSChapters in parentheses correspond to the parent textbook.1)Laboratory Basics: Accuracy and Precision—Who’s theS hooting Champion?(Chapter 1) 1 2)Components of a mixture: What is That Stuff in theBottom of the Cereal Box? (Chapter 1) 11 3)Cathode Ray Tubes, millikan Oil Drop, Speed of Light, and Avogadro’snumber (Chapters 2, 4, and 5) 21 4)Conservation of mass and Reaction Types: CopperRecovery Cycle (Chapters 2 and 4) 395)Equivalent Weights and the Periodic Table (Chapter 2) 496) Hydrates(Chapter 3) 597)Gas Laws (Chapter 6) 678) Styrofoam Tm Cup Calorimetry: Atomic Weights (Chapter 7) 799)Chemiluminescence: Glow Stick in a Beaker (Chapter 7) 8910)Atomic Spectra (Chapter 8) 9911)Reactivity of Group 1 metals: Yes, mom, i Threw Sodiuminto Water in Class Today (Chapter 9)109 Optional: Determining the Amount of Alkali metals Used 11712)Flame Tests: Flames and Smoke Bombs (Chapters 8 and 9) 12713)VSEPR and molecular models (Chapters 10 and 11) 13514)Simulating the Shroud of Turin: An inquiry-BasedExperiment (Just for fun) 145 15A)Observe the Rainbow: Paper Chromatography (Chapter 12) 153 15B)Chemical Oil Dispersants (Chapter 12) 163Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. v16) Sublimation(Chapter 12) 17517)Closest Packed Structures (Chapter 13) 18318)Colligative Properties: Freezing Point Depression (Chapter 14) 195 19A)Diet Coke® and mentos®: An inquiry-Based Experiment(Chapter 15) 209 19B)Kinetics: Testing for Semen—Acid Phosphatase (Chapter 15) 217 19C)Activation Energy Determination (Chapter 15) 229 20)Equilibrium Constants and Le Châtelier’s Principle:CoCl2(Chapter 16) 237 21)Far from Equilibrium Systems: Creating Life in a Beaker(Chapter 16) 24722)Acid–Base Titration (Chapter 17) 25523)Determining the Buffer Capacity of Antacids (Chapter 18) 26524)Entropy: The Chelate Effect (Chapter 19) 27725)Redox Reactions: Detecting Traces of Blood (Chapter 20) 28726) Radioactivity(Chapter 21) 299 27)Qualitative Analysis (Chapters 16–18, 26) 309 27A)Group i Cations 325 27B)Group ii Cations: “i Love the Smell of HydrogenSulfide—it Smells Like Victory” 333 27C)Group iii: Piltdown man and Scientific Ethics 343 27D)Group iV Cations 353 27E) Anions 361 (Chapter 22) 36928) Esters29)Which Compounds Are Genotoxic or Carcinogens?Cleaving P lasmid DnA and Gel Electrophoresis (Chapter 23) 377 Acknowledgments 387vi Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.PrefaceIn putting together this laboratory manual for general chemistry, we tried to think about what we experienced as undergraduate students or subsequently as graduate students or c hemistry instructors that was most enjoyable and/or illustrative of general chemistry concepts. C hemistry is a hands-on science. Seeing something happen is more educational and powerful than only discussing the theory behind it. Getting into the lab and making something happen (i.e., blowing something up) or making something new is probably the inspiration for most budding chemists. At a fundamental level, chemistry occurs beyond the naked eye, beyond the grasp of most of our senses; but at an experiential level, the concepts can be reinforced by using our senses of sight, touch, hearing, and smell (never taste in the lab).This is the kind of excitement we are aiming for in this laboratory manual. We want you to see things for yourself and do things for yourself that will emphasize the concepts from the lecture portion of general chemistry. Most laboratory manuals seem to be a tired rehashing of the same material—all but interchangeable. The authors often seem to forget to ask whether the experi-ment would have been fun or exciting if they were students. Thus, one finds dry “ c ookbook” laboratory manuals. The “cookbook” label is somewhat unfair because no matter what type of laboratory experiment is being p erformed (even an inquiry-based experiment), students must be guided through the exercise. A novice observer cannot necessarily be expected to make the important observations without being trained as to what is i mportant to look for.With this in mind, we attempted to devise a laboratory manual that is concept oriented, has varying levels of guidance from “inquiry-based” to classical “cookbook,” and is hands-on and exciting. Why should your professor in front of the class be the only one to perform the excit-ing chemistry of the lecture demonstrations? Why not have you throw sodium into water, make things glow in the dark, and mix chemicals to get results you never could anticipate (as in an oscillating reaction)? We also believe that some issues not normally treated in a laboratory to an appreciable degree should be covered, such as the scientific method and scientific eth-ics. We have attempted to accomplish this with a variety of approaches. Some experiments are “traditional,” of the type you probably performed in high school science classes. Some are open ended. Some are inquiry driven. Some are driven by attempting to obtain an answer close to an accepted standard. Some are based on current events, some on current “sensational” entertainment, and some on history. Through it all, our aim is to present concrete and graspable theories with experiment and example.Your safety is a major concern. This manual contains some experiments that general chemistry students rarely perform; we have designed these in a careful, controlled fashion so that they are safe. In turn for allowing you to perform some controlled explosions and other experiments, you need to read the instructions carefully, listen attentively to your instructor, and familiarize y ourself with all of the safety rules and procedures. The better prepared and careful you are, the more your instructor will feel comfortable letting you perform experiments for yourself.Have fun and learn.John B. Vincent andErica LivingstonCopyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. vii。

第十三章《纽约公约》Article V以外的拒绝执行裁决书的理由1序言：正如标题所讲，本章主要针对的是《纽约公约》Article V以外的一些其他可以抗拒执行其他签约国仲裁裁决书的理由。

这些理由有些是《纽约公约》中有涉及的，而有些则是一些在实践中影响比较大但是在《纽约公约》中没有涉及的。

它们是如下：（一）美国根据本土法律以裁决书的胜诉方与败诉方都没有与美国有最低限度的联系或不方便管辖权为由去拒绝协助执行外国的裁决书（二）执行地法院以《纽约公约》在本国没有变为正式的立法或有关的仲裁地点国家没有去作出正式通知为由去拒绝执行裁决书（三）要执行的是否是一份裁决书（四）互惠保留与商业保留（五）裁决书当事人的名称是否准确（六）裁决书与法院判决的合并（七）裁决书与仲裁协议的公证或确认（八）主权豁免2．理由之一：美国根据本土法律以裁决书的胜诉方与败诉方都没有与美国有最低限度的联系或不方便管辖权为由去拒绝协助执行外国的裁决书在本书第十四章之8.3.3段有介绍美国一个危险的执行手段，就是纽约州法院可以做出命令要求在纽约州境内的银行把判决债务人在纽约州或美国以外该银行的其他分支内的存款去支付给判决债权人：Koehler v. The Bank of Bermuda Ltd. 2009 WL1543698（N.Y.）2009 N.Y.Slip Op. 04297。

这表示如果想要使裁决书得到执行，胜诉方不必再去很多有不确定因素的执行地点法院申请，而只需要去纽约州法院申请该命令就可以执行到。

例如一个伦敦的裁决书，胜诉方是希腊船东而败诉方是一家中国船厂，败诉方在中国以外没有资产，但他在不论是中国银行或者建设银行不会没有银行帐户与存款等。

目前唯一还有一点不明朗就是美国法院针对执行《纽约公约》下的裁决书的管辖权。

根据《美国联邦仲裁法》（United States Federal Arbitration Act）第二章有关《纽约公约》，其中Article 203与Article 207是给了美国法院很广泛的管辖权，可去节录如下：“203 Jurisdiction; Amount in ControversyAn action or proceeding falling under the Convention shall be deemed to arise under the laws and treaties of the United States. The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have original jurisdiction over such an action or proceeding, regardless of the amount in controversy.207 Award of Arbitrators; Confirmation; Jurisdiction; ProceedingWithin three years after an arbitral award falling under the Convention is made, any party to the arbitration may apply to any court having jurisdiction under this chapter for an order confirming the award as against any other party to the arbitration. The court shall confirm the award unless it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral of recognition or enforcement of the award specified in the said Convention.”但笔者据悉美国法院会因为与美国“没有最低联系”（lack of minimum contacts）或/与“不方便管辖原则”（forum non conveniens）而拒绝协助外国的裁决书在美国执行。

CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA(Adopted at the Fourth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 9. 1991. promulgated by Order No. 44 of the President of the People's Republic of China on April 9. 1991. and effective as of the date of promulgation)CONTENTSPart One General ProvisionsCHAPTER I The Aim. Scope of Application and Basic PrinciplesCHAPTER II JurisdictionSection 1 Jurisdiction by Forum LevelSection 2 Territorial JurisdictionSection 3 Transfer and Designation of JurisdictionCHAPTER III Trial OrganizationCHAPTER IV WithdrawalCHAPTER V Participants in ProceedingsSection 1 PartiesSection 2 Agents ad LitemCHAPTER VI EvidenceCHAPTER VII Time Periods and ServiceSection 1 Time PeriodsSection 2 ServiceCHAPTER VIII ConciliationCHAPTER IX Property Preservation and Advance ExecutionCHAPTER X Compulsory Measures Against Obstruction of Civil Proceedings CHAPTER XI Litigation CostsPart Two Trial ProcedureCHAPTER XII Ordinary Procedure of First InstanceSection 1 Bringing a Lawsuit and Entertaining a CaseSection 2 Preparations for TrialSection 3 Trial in CourtSection 4 Suspension and Termination of LitigationSection 5 Judgment and OrderCHAPTER XIII Summary ProcedureCHAPTER XIV Procedure of Second InstanceCHAPTER XV Special ProcedureSection 1 General ProvisionsSection 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of VotersSection 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as Missing or Dead Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of CitizensSection 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless CHAPTER XVI Procedure for Trial SupervisionCHAPTER XVII Procedure for Hastening Debt RecoveryCHAPTER XVIII Procedure for Publicizing Public Notice for Assertion of ClaimsCHAPTER XIX Procedure for Bankruptcy and Debt Repayment of Legal Person EnterprisesPart Three Procedure of ExecutionCHAPTER XX General ProvisionsCHAPTER XXI Application for Execution and ReferralCHAPTER XXII Execution MeasuresCHAPTER XXIII Suspension and Termination of ExecutionPart Four Special Provisions for Civil Procedure of Cases Involving Foreign ElementCHAPTER XXIV General PrinciplesCHAPTER XXV JurisdictionCHAPTER XXVI Service and Time PeriodsCHAPTER XXVII Property PreservationCHAPTER XXVIII ArbitrationCHAPTER XXIX Judicial AssistancePART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter I The Aim. Scope of Application and Basic PrinciplesArticle 1 The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is formulated on the basis of the Constitution and in the light of the experience and actual conditions of our country in the trial of civil cases.Article 2 The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China aims to protect the exercise of the litigation rights of the parties and ensure theascertaining of facts by the people's courts. distinguish right from wrong. apply the law correctly. try civil cases promptly. affirm civil rights and obligations. impose sanctions for civil wrongs. protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties. educate citizens to voluntarily abide by the law. maintain the social and economic order. and guarantee the smooth progress of the socialist construction.Article 3 In dealing with civil litigation arising from disputes on property and personal relations between citizens. legal persons or other organizations and between the three of them. the people's courts shall apply the provisions of this Law.Article 4 Whoever engages in civil litigation within the territory of the People's Republic of China must abide by this Law.Article 5 Aliens. stateless persons. foreign enterprises and organizations that bring suits or enter appearance in the people's courts shall have the same litigation rights and obligations as citizens. legal persons and other organizations of the People's Republic of China.If the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the civil litigation rights of the citizens. legal persons and other organizations of the People's Republic of China. the people's courts of the People's Republic of China shall follow the principle of reciprocity regarding the civil litigation rights of the citizens. enterprises and organizations of that foreign country.Article 6 The people's courts shall exercise judicial powers with respect to civil cases. The people's courts shall try civil cases independently in accordance with the law. and shall be subject to no interference by any administrative organ. public organization or individual.Article 7 In trying civil cases. the people's courts must base themselves on facts and take the law as the criterion.Article 8 The parties in civil litigation shall have equal litigation rights. The people's courts shall. in conducting the trials. safeguard their rights. facilitate their exercising the rights. and apply the law equally to them.Article 9 In trying civil cases. the people's courts shall conduct conciliation for the parties on a voluntary and lawful basis; if conciliation fails. judgments shall be rendered without delay.Article 10 In trying civil cases. the people's courts shall. according to the provisions of the law. follow the systems of panel hearing. withdrawal. public trial and the court of second instance being that of last instance.Article 11 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in civil proceedings.Where minority nationalities live in aggregation in a community or where several nationalities live together in one area. the people's courts shall conduct hearings and issue legal documents in the spoken and written languages commonly used by the local nationalities.The people's courts shall provide translations for any participant in the proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written languages commonly used by the local nationalities.Article 12 Parties to civil actions are entitled in the trials by the people's courts to argue for themselves.Article 13 The parties are free to deal with their own civil rights and litigation rights the way they prefer within the scope provided by the law.Article 14 The people's procuratorates shall have the right to exercise legal supervision over civil proceedings.Article 15 Where an act has infringed upon the civil rights and interests of the State. a collective organization or an individual. any State organ. public organization. enterprise or institution may support the injured unit or individual to bring an action in a people's court.Article 16 The people's conciliation committees shall be mass organizations to conduct conciliation of civil disputes under the guidance of the grass- roots level people's governments and the basic level people's courts.The people's conciliation committee shall conduct conciliation for the partiesaccording to the Law and on a voluntary basis. The parties concerned shall carry out the settlement agreement reached through conciliation; those who decline conciliation or those for whom conciliation has failed or those who have backed out of the settlement agreement may institute legal proceedings in a people's court.If a people's conciliation committee. in conducting conciliation of civil disputes. acts contrary to the law. rectification shall be made by the people's court.Article 17 The people's congresses of the national autonomous regions may formulate. in accordance with the Constitution and the principles of this Law. and in conjunction with the specific circumstances of the local nationalities. adaptive and supplementary provisions. Such provisions made by an autonomous region shall be submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for approval; those made by an autonomous prefecture or autonomous county shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress of the relevant province or autonomous region for approval and to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.Chapter II JurisdictionSection 1 Jurisdiction by Forum LevelArticle 18 The basic people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over civil cases. unless otherwise provided in this Law.Article 19 The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following civil cases：(1) major cases involving foreign element;(2) cases that have major impact on the area under their jurisdiction; and(3) cases as determined by the Supreme People's Court to be under the jurisdiction of the intermediate people's courts.Article 20 The high people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over civil cases that have major impact on the areas under their jurisdiction.Article 21 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over the following civil cases：(1) cases that have major impact on the whole country; and(2) cases that the Supreme People's Court deems it should try.Section 2 Territorial JurisdictionArticle 22 A civil lawsuit brought against a citizen shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile; if the place of the defendant's domicile is different from that of his habitual residence. the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of his habitual residence.A civil lawsuit brought against a legal person or any other organization shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile.Where the domiciles or habitual residences of several defendants in the same lawsuit are in the areas under the jurisdiction of two or more people's courts. all of those people's courts shall have jurisdiction over the lawsuit.Article 23 The civil lawsuits described below shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the plaintiff has his domicile; if the place of the plaintiff's domicile is different from that of his habitual residence. the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of the plaintiff's habitual residence：(1) those concerning personal status brought against persons not residing within the territory of the People's Republic of China;(2) those concerning the personal status of persons whose whereabouts are unknown or who have been declared as missing;(3) those brought against persons who are undergoing rehabilitation through labour; and(4) those brought against persons who are in imprisonment.Article 24 A lawsuit brought on a contract dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile or where the contract is performed.Article 25 The parties to a contract may agree to choose in their written contract the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile. where the contract is performed. where the contract is signed. where the plaintiff has his domicile or where the object of the action is located to exercise jurisdiction over the case. provided that the provisions of this Law regarding jurisdiction by forum level and exclusive jurisdiction are not violated.Article 26 A lawsuit brought on an insurance contract dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile or where the insured object is located.Article 27 A lawsuit brought on a bill dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the bill is to be paid or where the defendant has his domicile.Article 28 A lawsuit arising from a dispute over a railway. road. water. or air transport contract or over a combined transport contract shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of dispatch or the place of destination or where the defendant has his domicile.Article 29 A lawsuit brought on a tortious act shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the tort is committed or where the defendant has his domicile.Article 30 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a railway. road. water transport or air accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the accident occurred or where the vehicle or ship first arrived after the accident or where the aircraft first landed after the accident. or where the defendant has his domicile.Article 31 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a collision at sea or by any other maritime accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the collision occurred or where the ship in collision first docked after the accident or where the ship at fault was detained. or where the defendant has his domicile.Article 32 A lawsuit instituted for expenses of maritime salvage shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the salvage took place or where the salvaged ship first docked after the disaster.Article 33 A lawsuit brought for general average shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the ship first docked or where the adjustment of general average was conducted or where the voyage ended.Article 34 The following cases shall be under the exclusive jurisdiction of the people's courts herein specified：(1) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over real estate shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the estate is located;(2) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over harbour operations shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the harbour is located; and (3) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over succession shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the decedent had his domicile upon his death. or where the principal part of his estate is located.Article 35 When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over a lawsuit. the plaintiff may bring his lawsuit in one of these people's courts; if the plaintiff brings the lawsuit in two or more people's courts that have jurisdiction over the lawsuit. the people's court in which the case was first entertained shall have jurisdiction.Section 3 Transfer and Designation of JurisdictionArticle 36 If a people's court finds that a case it has entertained is not under its jurisdiction. it shall refer the case to the people's court that has jurisdiction over the case. The people's court to which a case has been referred shall entertain the case. and if it considers that. according to the relevant regulations. the case referred to it is not under its jurisdiction. it shall report to a superior people's court for the designation of jurisdiction and shall not independently refer the case again to another people's court.Article 37 If a people's court which has jurisdiction over a case is unable to exercise the jurisdiction for special reasons. a superior people's court shalldesignate another court to exercise jurisdiction.In the event of a jurisdictional dispute between two or more people's courts. it shall be resolved by the disputing parties through consultation; if the dispute cannot be so resolved. it shall be reported to their common superior people's court for the designation of jurisdiction.Article 38 If a party to an action objects to the jurisdiction of a people's court after the court has entertained the case. the party must raise the objection within the period prescribed for the submission of defence. The people's court shall examine the objection. If the objection is established. the people's court shall order the case to be transferred to the people's court that has jurisdiction over it; if not. the people's court shall reject it.Article 39 The people's courts at higher levels shall have the power to try civil cases over which the people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance; they may also transfer civil cases over which they themselves have jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial. If a people's court at a lower level that has jurisdiction over a civil case as court of first instance deems it necessary to have the case to be tried by a people's court at a higher level. it may submit it to and request the people's court at a higher level to try the case.Chapter III Trial OrganizationArticle 40 The people's court of first instance shall try civil cases by a collegial panel composed of both judges and judicial assessors or of judges alone.The collegial panel must have an odd number of members.Civil cases in which summary procedure is followed shall be tried by a single judge alone.When performing their duties. the judicial assessors shall have equal rights and obligations as the judges.Article 41 The people's court of second instance shall try civil cases by a collegial panel of judges. The collegial panel must have an odd number of members.For the retrial of a remanded case. the people's court of first instance shall form a new collegial panel in accordance with the procedure of first instance. If a casefor retrial was originally tried at first instance. a new collegial panel shall be formed according to the procedure of first instance; if the case was originally tried at second instance or was brought by a people's court at a higher level to it for trial. a new collegial panel shall be formed according to the procedure of second instance.Article 42 The president of the court or the chief judge of a division of the court shall designate a judge to serve as the presiding judge of the collegial panel; if the president or the chief judge participates in the trial. he himself shall serve as the presiding judge.Article 43 When deliberating a case. a collegial panel shall observe the rule of majority. The deliberations shall be recorded in writing. and the transcript shall be signed by the members of the collegial panel.Dissenting opinions in the deliberations must be truthfully entered in the transcript.Article 44 The judicial officers shall deal with all cases impartially and in accordance with the law.The judicial officers shall not accept any treat or gift from the parties or their agents adlitem.Any judicial officer who commits embezzlement. accepts bribes. engages in malpractice for personal benefits or who perverts the law in passing judgment shall be investigated for legal responsibility; if the act constitutes a crime. the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the law.Chapter IV WithdrawalArticle 45 A judicial officer shall of himself withdraw from the case. and the parties thereto shall be entitled to apply orally or in writing for his withdrawal in any of the following circumstances：(1) he being a party to the case or a near relative of a party or an agent ad litem in the case;(2) he being an interested party in the case; or(3) he having some other kind of relationship with a party to the case. which might affect the impartiality of the trial.The above provisions shall also apply to clerks. interpreters. expert witnesses and inspection personnel.Article 46 In applying for the withdrawal. the party shall state the reason and submit the application at the beginning of the proceedings; the application may also be submitted before the closing of arguments in court if the reason for the withdrawal is known to him only after the proceedings begin.Pending a decision by the people's court regarding the withdrawal applied for. the judicial officer concerned shall temporarily suspend his participation in the proceedings. with the exception. however. of cases that require the taking of emergency measures.Article 47 The withdrawal of the presiding judge who is president of the court shall be decided by the judicial committee; the withdrawal of judicial officers shall be decided by the court president; and the withdrawal of other personnel by the presiding judge.Article 48 The decision of a people's court on an application made by any party for withdrawal shall be made orally or in writing within three days after the application was made. If the applicant is not satisfied with the decision. he may apply for reconsideration which could be granted only once. During the period of reconsideration. the person whose withdrawal has been applied for shall not suspend his participation in the proceedings. The decision of a people's court on the reconsideration shall be made within three days after receiving the application and the applicant shall be notified of it accordingly.Chapter V Participants in ProceedingsSection 1 PartiesArticle 49 Any citizen. legal person and any other organization may become a party to a civil action.Legal persons shall be represented by their legal representatives in the litigation. Other organizations shall be represented by their principal heads in the proceedings.Article 50 Parties to an action shall have the right to appoint agents. apply for withdrawals. collect and provide evidence. proffer arguments. request conciliation. file an appeal and apply for execution.Parties to an action may have access to materials pertaining to the case and make copies thereof and other legal documents pertaining to the case.The scope of and rules for consulting and making copies of them shall be specified by the Supreme People's Court.Parties to an action must exercise their litigation rights in accordance with the law. observe the procedures and carry out legally effective written judgments or orders and conciliation statements.Article 51 The two parties may reach a compromise of their own accord.Article 52 The plaintiff may relinquish or modify his claims. The defendant may admit or rebut the claims and shall have the right to file counterclaims.Article 53 When one party or both parties consist of two or more than two persons. their object of action being the same or of the same category and the people's court considers that. with the consent of the parties. the action can be tried combined. it is a joint action.If a party of two or more persons to a joint action have common rights and obligations with respect to the object of action and the act of any one of them is recognized by the others of the party. such an act shall be valid for all the rest of the party; if a party of two or more persons have no common rights and obligations with respect to the object of action. the act of any one of them shall not be valid for the rest.Article 54 If the persons comprising a party to a joint action is large in number. the party may elect representatives from among themselves to act for them in the litigation. The acts of such representatives in the litigation shall be valid for the party they represent. However. modification or waiver of claims or admission of the claims of the other party or pursuing a compromise with the other party by the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they represent.Article 55 Where the object of action is of the same category and the persons comprising one of the parties is large but uncertain in number at thecommencement of the action. the people's court may issue a public notice. stating the particulars and claims of the case and informing those entitled to participate in the action to register their rights with the people's court within a fixed period of time.Those who have registered their rights with the people's court may elect representatives from among themselves to proceed with the litigation; if the election fails its purpose. such representatives may be determined by the people's court through consultation with those who have registered their rights with the court.The acts of such representative in the litigation shall be valid for the party they represent; however. modification or waiver of claims or admission of the claims of the other party or pursuing a compromise with the other party by the representatives shall be subject to the consent of the party they represent.The judgments or written orders rendered by the people's court shall be valid for all those who have registered their rights with the court. Such judgments or written orders shall apply to those who have not registered their rights but have instituted legal proceedings during period of limitation of the action.Article 56 If a third party considers that he has an independent claim to the object of action of both parties. he shall have the right to bring an action. Where the outcome of the case will affect a third party's legal interest. such party. though having no independent claim to the object of action of both parties. may file a request to participate in the proceedings or the people's court shall notify the third party to participate. A third party that is to bear civil liability in accordance with the judgment of the people's court shall be entitled to the rights and obligations of a party in litigation.Section 2 Agents ad LitemArticle 57 Any person with no legal capacity to engage in litigation shall have his guardian or guardians as statutory agents to act for him in a lawsuit. If the statutory agents try to shift responsibility as agents ad litem upon one another. the people's court shall appoint one of them to represent the person in litigation.Article 58 A party to an action. or statutory agent may appoint one or two persons to act as his agents ad litem.A lawyer. a near relative of the party. a person recommended by a relevant social organization or a unit to which the party belongs or any other citizen approved by the people's court may be appointed as the party's agent ad litem.Article 59 When a person appoints another to act on his behalf in litigation. he must submit to the people's court a power of attorney bearing his signature or seal.The power of attorney must specify the matters entrusted and the powers conferred. An agent ad litem must obtain special powers from his principal to admit. waive or modify claims. or to compromise or to file a counterclaim or an appeal.A power of attorney mailed or delivered through others by a citizen of the People's Republic of China residing abroad must be certified by the Chinese embassy or consulate accredited to that country. If there is no Chinese embassy or consulate in that country. the power of attorney must be certified by an embassy or a consulate of a third country accredited to that country that has diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. and then transmitted for authentication to the embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China accredited to that third country. or it must be certified by a local patriotic overseas Chinese organization.Article 60 A party to an action shall inform the people's court in writing if he changes or revokes the powers of an agent ad litem. and the court shall notify the other party of the change or revocation.Article 61 A lawyer who serves as an agent ad litem and other agents ad litem shall have the right to investigate and collect evidence. and may have access to materials pertaining to the case. The scope of and rules for consulting materials pertaining to the case shall be specified by the Supreme People's Court.Article 62 In a divorce case in which the parties to the action have been represented by their agents ad litem. the parties themselves shall still appear in court in person. unless they are incapable of expressing their own will. A party who is truly unable to appear in court due to a special reason shall submit his views in writing to the people's court.。

CHAPTER XXIITHE LAST WORDS OF CAPTAIN NEMOThe panels had closed on this dreadful vision, but light had not returned to the saloon: all was silence and darkness within the Nautilus. At wonderful speed, a hundred feet beneath the water, it was leaving this desolate spot. Whither was it going? To the north or south? Where was the man flying to after such dreadful retaliation? I had returned to my room, where Ned and Conseil had remained silent enough. I felt an insurmountable horror for Captain Nemo. Whatever he had suffered at the hands of these men, he had no right to punish thus. He had made me, if not an accomplice, at least a witness of his vengeance. At eleven the electric light reappeared. I passed into the saloon. It was deserted. I consulted the different instruments. The Nautilus was flying northward at the rate of twenty-five miles an hour, now on the surface, and now thirty feet below it. On taking the bearings by the chart, I saw that we were passing the mouth of the Manche, and that our course was hurrying us towards the northern seas at a frightful speed. That night we had crossed two hundred leagues of the Atlantic. The shadows fell, and the sea was covered with darkness until the rising of the moon. I went to my room, but could not sleep. I was troubled with dreadful nightmare. The horrible scene of destruction was continually before my eyes. From that day, who could tell into what part of the North Atlantic basin the Nautilus would take us? Still with unaccountable speed. Still in the midst of these northern fogs. Would it touch at Spitzbergen, or on the shores of Nova Zembla? Should we explore those unknown seas, the White Sea, the Sea of Kara, the Gulf of Obi, the Archipelago of Liarrov, and the unknown coast of Asia? I could not say. I could no longer judge of the time that was passing. The clocks had been stopped on board. It seemed, as in polar countries, that night and day no longer followed their regular course. I felt myself being drawn into that strange region where the foundered imagination of Edgar Poe roamed at will. Like the fabulous Gordon Pym, at every moment I expected to see "that veiled human figure, of larger proportions than those of any inhabitant of the earth, thrown across the cataract which defends the approach to the pole." I estimated (though, perhaps, I may be mistaken)--I estimated this adventurous course of the Nautilus to have lasted fifteen or twenty days. And I know not how much longer it might have lasted, had it not been for the catastrophe which ended this voyage. Of Captain Nemo I saw nothing whatever now, nor of his second. Not a man of the crew was visible for an instant. The Nautilus was almost incessantly under water. When we came to the surface to renew the air, the panels opened and shut mechanically. There were no more marks on the planisphere. I knew not where we were. And the Canadian, too, his strength and patience at an end, appeared no more. Conseil could not draw a word from him; and, fearing that, in a dreadful fit of madness, he might kill himself, watched him with constant devotion. One morning (what date it was I could not say) I had fallen into a heavy sleep towards the early hours, a sleep both painful and unhealthy, when I suddenly awoke. Ned Land was leaning over me, saying, in a low voice, "We are going to fly." I sat up."When shall we go?" I asked."To-night. All inspection on board the Nautilus seems to have ceased. All appear to be stupefied. You will be ready, sir?""Yes; where are we?""In sight of land. I took the reckoning this morning in the fog-- twenty miles to the east.""What country is it?""I do not know; but, whatever it is, we will take refuge there.""Yes, Ned, yes. We will fly to-night, even if the sea should swallow us up.""The sea is bad, the wind violent, but twenty miles in that light boat of the Nautilus does not frighten me. Unknown to the crew, I have been able to procure food and some bottles of water.""I will follow you.""But," continued the Canadian, "if I am surprised, I will defend myself; I will force them to kill me." "We will die together, friend Ned."I had made up my mind to all. The Canadian left me. I reached the platform, on which I could with difficulty support myself against the shock of the waves. The sky was threatening; but, as land was in those thick brown shadows, we must fly. I returned to the saloon, fearing and yet hoping to see Captain Nemo, wishing and yet not wishing to see him. What could I have said to him? Could I hide the involuntary horror with which he inspired me? No. It was better that I should not meet him face to face; better to forget him. And yet---- How long seemed that day, the last that I should pass in the Nautilus. I remained alone. Ned Land and Conseil avoided speaking, for fear of betraying themselves. At six I dined, but I was not hungry; I forced myself to eat in spite of my disgust, that I might not weaken myself. At half-past six Ned Land came to my room, saying, "We shall not see each other again before our departure. At ten the moon will not be risen. We will profit by the darkness. Come to the boat; Conseil and I will wait for you."The Canadian went out without giving me time to answer. Wishing to verify the course of the Nautilus, I went to the saloon. We were running N.N.E. at frightful speed, and more than fifty yards deep. I cast a last look on these wonders of nature, on the riches of art heaped up in this museum, upon the unrivalled collection destined to perish at the bottom of the sea, with him who had formed it. I wished to fix an indelible impression of it in my mind. I remained an hour thus, bathed in the light of that luminous ceiling, and passing in review those treasures shining under their glasses. Then I returned to my room.I dressed myself in strong sea clothing. I collected my notes, placing them carefully about me. My heart beat loudly. I could not check its pulsations. Certainly my trouble and agitation would have betrayed me to Captain Nemo's eyes. What was he doing at this moment? I listened at the door of his room. I heard steps. Captain Nemo was there. He had not gone to rest. At every moment I expected to see him appear, and ask me why I wished to fly. I was constantly on the alert. My imagination magnified everything. The impression became at last so poignant that I asked myself if it would not be better to go to theCaptain's room, see him face to face, and brave him with look and gesture.It was the inspiration of a madman; fortunately I resisted the desire, and stretched myself on my bed to quiet my bodily agitation. My nerves were somewhat calmer, but in my excited brain I saw over again allmy existence on board the Nautilus; every incident, either happy or unfortunate, which had happened since my disappearance from the Abraham Lincoln--the submarine hunt, the Torres Straits, the savages of Papua, the running ashore, the coral cemetery, the passage of Suez, the Island of Santorin, the Cretan diver, Vigo Bay, Atlantis, the iceberg, the South Pole, the imprisonment in the ice, the fight among the poulps, the storm in the Gulf Stream, the Avenger, and the horrible scene of the vessel sunk with all her crew. All these events passed before my eyes like scenes in a drama. Then Captain Nemo seemed to grow enormously, his features to assume superhuman proportions. He was no longer my equal, but a man of the waters, the genie of the sea.It was then half-past nine. I held my head between my hands to keep it from bursting. I closed my eyes; I would not think any longer. There was another half-hour to wait, another half-hour of a nightmare, which might drive me mad.At that moment I heard the distant strains of the organ, a sad harmony to an undefinable chant, the wail of a soul longing to break these earthly bonds. I listened with every sense, scarcely breathing; plunged, like Captain Nemo, in that musical ecstasy, which was drawing him in spirit to the end of life.Then a sudden thought terrified me. Captain Nemo had left his room. He was in the saloon, which I must cross to fly. There I should meet him for the last time. He would see me, perhaps speak to me. A gesture of his might destroy me, a single word chain me on board.But ten was about to strike. The moment had come for me to leave my room, and join my companions.I must not hesitate, even if Captain Nemo himself should rise before me. I opened my door carefully; and even then, as it turned on its hinges, it seemed to me to make a dreadful noise. Perhaps it only existed in my own imagination.I crept along the dark stairs of the Nautilus, stopping at each step to check the beating of my heart. I reached the door of the saloon, and opened it gently. It was plunged in profound darkness. The strains of the organ sounded faintly. Captain Nemo was there. He did not see me. In the full light I do not think he would have noticed me, so entirely was he absorbed in the ecstasy.I crept along the carpet, avoiding the slightest sound which might betray my presence. I was at least five minutes reaching the door, at the opposite side, opening into the library.I was going to open it, when a sigh from Captain Nemo nailed me to the spot. I knew that he was rising. I could even see him, for the light from the library came through to the saloon. He came towards me silently, with his arms crossed, gliding like a spectre rather than walking. His breast was swelling with sobs; and I heard him murmur these words (the last which ever struck my ear):"Almighty God! enough! enough!"Was it a confession of remorse which thus escaped from this man's conscience?In desperation, I rushed through the library, mounted the central staircase, and, following the upper flight, reached the boat. I crept through the opening, which had already admitted my two companions. "Let us go! let us go!" I exclaimed."Directly!" replied the Canadian.The orifice in the plates of the Nautilus was first closed, and fastened down by means of a false key, with which Ned Land had provided himself; the opening in the boat was also closed. The Canadian began to loosen the bolts which still held us to the submarine boat.Suddenly a noise was heard. Voices were answering each other loudly. What was the matter? Had they discovered our flight? I felt Ned Land slipping a dagger into my hand."Yes," I murmured, "we know how to die!"The Canadian had stopped in his work. But one word many times repeated, a dreadful word, revealed the cause of the agitation spreading on board the Nautilus. It was not we the crew were looking after!"The maelstrom! the maelstrom!" Could a more dreadful word in a more dreadful situation have sounded in our ears! We were then upon the dangerous coast of Norway. Was the Nautilus being drawn into this gulf at the moment our boat was going to leave its sides? We knew that at the tide the pent-up waters between the islands of Ferroe and Loffoden rush with irresistible violence, forming a whirlpool from which no vessel ever escapes. From every point of the horizon enormous waves were meeting, forming a gulf justly called the "Navel of the Ocean," whose power of attraction extends to a distance of twelve miles. There, not only vessels, but whales are sacrificed, as well as white bears from the northern regions.It is thither that the Nautilus, voluntarily or involuntarily, had been run by the Captain.It was describing a spiral, the circumference of which was lessening by degrees, and the boat, which was still fastened to its side, was carried along with giddy speed. I felt that sickly giddiness which arises from long-continued whirling round.We were in dread. Our horror was at its height, circulation had stopped, all nervous influence was annihilated, and we were covered with cold sweat, like a sweat of agony! And what noise around our frail bark! What roarings repeated by the echo miles away! What an uproar was that of the waters broken on the sharp rocks at the bottom, where the hardest bodies are crushed, and trees worn away, "with all the fur rubbed off," according to the Norwegian phrase!What a situation to be in! We rocked frightfully. The Nautilus defended itself like a human being. Its steel muscles cracked. Sometimes it seemed to stand upright, and we with it!"We must hold on," said Ned, "and look after the bolts. We may still be saved if we stick to the Nautilus."He had not finished the words, when we heard a crashing noise, the bolts gave way, and the boat, torn from its groove, was hurled like a stone from a sling into the midst of the whirlpool.My head struck on a piece of iron, and with the violent shock I lost all consciousness.。

3 编码规则和传输语法3.1 BER3.1.1 基本规则BER（Basic Encoding Rules）是ASN.1中最早定义的编码规则，在讨论详细编码规则时，我们是基于正确的抽象描述上。

BER传输语法的格式一直是TLV三元组<Type, Length, Value>也可以认为是<Tag, Length, Value>，见Figure 3-1。

TLV每个域都是一系列八位组，对于组合结构，其中V还可以是TLV三元组，见Figure 3-2。

BER 传输语法是基于八位组（为了避免不同系统上的混淆，没有采用Byte为单位）的，自定界的编码，因为其中L明确界定了八位组的长度。

BER是大端编码的，其八位组的高位比特在左手边，见Figure 3-3。

Figure 3-1 TLV三元组Figure 3-2 传输语法示例Figure 3-3 大端编码BER编码中的Tag（通常是一个八位组），指明了值的类型，其中一个比特表征是基本类型还是组合类型。

Tag有如下两种形式：Figure 3-4 Tag的两种形式当Tag不大于30时，Tag只在一个八位组中编码；当Tag大于30时，则Tag在多个八位组中编码。

在多个八位组中编码时，第一个八位组后五位全部为1，其余的八位组最高位为1表示后续还有，为0表示Tag结束。

Tag的值需要将上图中黄色部分拼接后才能得到。

BER编码中Length表示Value部分所占八位组的个数，有两大类：定长方式（Definite Form）和不定长方式（Indefinite Form）；在确定方式中，按照Length所占的八位组个数又分为短、长两种形式。

具体如下：Figure 3-5 Length的三种形式采用定长方式，当长度不大于127个八位组时，Length只在一个八位组中编码；当长度大于127时，在多个八位组中编码，此时第一个八位组低七位表示的是Length所占的长度，后续八位组表示Value的长度。

《资本论》中英文译本若干异同点之考究中欧法学院0901301673时业伟问题一：中英文版本章节编排的不同点?1、从第二篇开始，中英文章节排序即有区别。

英文版中，第二篇（The Transformation Of Money IntoCapital）共有三章（即：Chapter IV: The General Formula For Capital, Chapter V: Contradictions In The General Formula Of Capital, Chapter VI: The Buying And Selling Of Labour-Power）；而与此对应的中文的第二篇（货币转化为资本）下列只有一章（即：货币转化为资本），而英文版的这三章在中文版中则变成了第四章中的3条（即：1）资本的总公式、2）总公式的矛盾、3）劳动力的买和卖）。

由此中英文版本在章节序号上的不同开始出现；2、在中文版的第四篇中，相较英文版，增加了一章（即第十章：相对剩余价值的概念）；3、中英文版本最大的不同在第一卷的结尾几章；1）中文版的第七篇包括了第21章（简单再生产）、第22章（剩余价值转化为资本）、第23章（资本主义积累的一般规律）、第24章（所谓原始积累）、第25章（现代殖民理论）；2）英文版的第七篇只有第23章（Simple Reproduction）、第24章（Conversion Of Surplus-Value Into Capital）、第25章（The General Law Of Capitalist Accumulation），这三章与中文版相对应；而将“所谓原始积累”（The So-Called Primitive Accumulation）放在了第八篇，下列了八章，分别与中文版的第24章下列的七节、和第25章相对应；3）由此中英文版本的差异产生。

具体参见以下目录：目录来源：问题二：中文版《资本论》由何而来？《资本论》第1卷德文第1版出版后，经马克思作了修改而再版的，有德文第2版和法文版。

chapter例句Chapter 1: Introduction1. 本章将介绍研究背景和目标，并概述后续章节的内容。

2. 本章首先解释了研究的动机和重要性，以及研究的目的和研究问题。

3. 本章还介绍了本研究的方法和数据来源，以及研究的限制和约束。

4. 最后，本章总结了后续章节的内容和结构。

Chapter 2: Literature Review1. 本章将回顾相关的文献，并分析现有研究的优点和不足之处。

2. 本章首先介绍了相关的概念和理论框架，以便读者理解后续章节的内容。

3. 本章还将讨论已有研究的主要发现和结论，并指出其中的一些研究方法上的局限性。

4. 最后，本章对文献综述的结果进行了总结，并提出了研究的理论和实践意义。

Chapter 3: Methodology1. 本章将详细描述研究的方法和数据收集过程。

2. 本章首先介绍了研究的设计和研究问题的操作定义。

3. 本章还将说明研究中所使用的样本和数据来源，并解释了数据收集的步骤和工具。

4. 最后，本章还将阐述数据分析的方法和统计技术，并解释了为什么选择这些方法。

Chapter 4: Results1. 本章将呈现研究的主要结果和分析。

2. 本章首先对数据进行描述性统计和数据清洗，以确保数据的质量和可靠性。

3. 本章还将展示研究假设的检验结果，并解释结果的意义和影响。

4. 最后，本章还将呈现额外的分析和发现，并对结果进行讨论和解释。

Chapter 5: Discussion1. 本章将对研究结果进行深入讨论，并与相关研究进行比较。

2. 本章首先回顾了研究的目的和研究问题，并总结了主要的研究结果。

3. 本章还将解释结果的原因和解释，并提出了研究的局限性和未来的研究方向。

4. 最后，本章还将对研究的理论和实践意义进行总结和讨论。

Chapter 6: Conclusion1. 本章将总结整个研究的主要发现和结论。

2. 本章首先回顾了研究的目的和研究问题，并总结了主要的研究结果。