托福长难句翻译

句子1In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.【难点解析】本句的难点在于复杂的后置定语干扰了阅读，给我们理解句子带来了影响。

在这个句子中就是现在分词短语carrying cooled blood…做了后置定语，造成了主语the blood vessels 和谓语run被分割，后面接着出现了另一个the blood vessels carrying warm blood……，进一步加大了理解难度，让我们一时无法理清句子结构。

找到这种后置定语，划分句子主干的时候直接忽视这种修饰性成分，句子的主要信息就变得非常清晰：In a countercurrent exchange system,the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers[定语]run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body[定语]to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels;thus,the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself.完成了句子主干划分之后，根据汉语的表述顺序，将后置定语往前放，这样整个句子的意思就出来了。

托福长难句120句解析一、句子解析1. The professor's lecture was so convoluted that it was difficult for the students to follow.解析：这个句子中，convoluted意为“复杂的”，表示教授的讲座内容非常复杂，以至于学生很难理解和跟随。

2. Despite her extensive preparation, she struggled with the difficult questions on the exam.解析：这个句子中，despite意为“尽管”，表示尽管她做了大量的准备工作，但仍然在考试中遇到了困难的问题。

3. The author uses a series of rhetorical questions to engage the reader and provoke thought.解析：这个句子中，rhetorical questions意为“修辞性问题”，表示作者使用了一系列的修辞性问题来吸引读者并引发思考。

4. The government's decision to increase taxes was met with widespread opposition from the public.解析：这个句子中，met with意为“遭遇”，表示政府增税的决定受到了公众的广泛反对。

5. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.解析：这个句子中，has the potential to意为“有潜力”，表示新技术有潜力彻底改变我们的生活和工作方式。

6. The company's profits have plummeted as a result of the economic downturn.解析：这个句子中，plummeted意为“暴跌”，表示由于经济衰退，公司的利润暴跌。

1. Accordingto conventional theory， yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy andserves the function of increasing alertness by reversing， through deeperbreathing， the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallowbreathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom.【译文】根据传统的理论，当人们无聊或者困倦的时候，打哈欠会出现。

打哈欠通过深呼吸来逆转血液中氧含量的降低，从而的起到提高警觉的功能。

而血液中氧含量的降低是由浅呼吸导致的，而浅呼吸又伴随着缺觉或无聊。

2. The keyfactor in the success of these countries （along with high literacy， whichcontributed to it） was their ability to adapt to the international division oflabor determined by the earlyindustrializers and to stake out areas ofspecialization in international markets for which they were especially wellsuited.【译文】这些国家成功的关键因素（促成这个因素的是高识字率）是他们有能力适应由早期的工业化国家决定的劳动力国际分工并占领了他们特别适合的国际市场中的专业化领域。

3. In the second case， pollinators（insects， birds） obtain food from the flowering plant， and the plant has itspollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would beif they were carried by the wind only.【译文】在第二个案例中，传粉者（昆虫和鸟）从开花植物中获取食物，而植物也使得它们的花粉和种子相比于只通过风传播的更加高效。

The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—a label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North indesert South Australia, which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.(TPO23, 51) motif /məʊ'tiːf/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;(⾳乐的)乐旨,(⽂学的)主题. term n. 术语 peck /pek/ v. 以喙啄 ⼤家⾃⼰先读，不回读，看⼀遍是否能理解 The frequency (with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites) has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—alabel (which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desertSouth Australia),(which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.) (TPO23, 51) 托福阅读长难句100句分析： 这个句⼦的主⼲：The frequency has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term 注意这⾥的lead...to短语 修饰⼀：(with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites) ，从句，修饰the frequency 中⽂：⼀些简单图案出现在这些最古⽼遗址上 修饰⼆：(which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia) ，从句修饰a label，注意这个从句⾥⾯还有两个介词短语： which takes its name (from the extensive rock pavements)(at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia) (from the extensive rock pavements) ，来⾃宽⼴的岩⽯路⾯ (at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia)，在澳⼤利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North 中⽂：取名于在澳⼤利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North宽⼴的岩⽯路⾯ 修饰三：(which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface.) ，从句，修饰rock pavements，注意这个从句⾥⾯还有个⾮谓语动词： which are covered with motifs (pecked into the surface.) (pecked into the surface.)，刻进路⾯ 中⽂：这些路⾯被刻进表⾯的图案所覆盖 托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译： ⼀些简单图案出现在这些最古⽼遗址上的频率使得岩⽯艺术研究⼈员采⽤了⼀个描述性的术语——Panaramitee风格——这个称号取名于在澳⼤利亚南部沙漠Panaramitee North宽⼴的岩⽯路⾯，这些路⾯被刻进表⾯的图案所覆盖。

托福阅读中的一句长难句讲解This nascent world system developed as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions where societies were developing along very similar evolutionary tracks toward greater complexity.本句话是来自tpo63：The Sumerians and Regional Interdependence 苏美尔人与区域相互依存这一句的难点在于：词汇难，术语多，结构复杂. 上下文逻辑理困难.第一步：句子成分划分和翻译同学们可以自己先划分句子成分，再看老师的划分。

This nascent world system + developed[ as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials/ in different ecological regions]（where societies + were developing /along very similar evolutionary tracks/ toward greater complexity. )这句话主要有2部分：（一）主干句：主语：This nascent world system 谓语：developed 状语：as a result of insatiable demands for nonlocal raw materials in different ecological regions.这是一个有3个介词短语组成的状语结构：① as a result of insatiable demands由于贪得无厌的需求② (demands) for nonlocal raw materials对非本地的原材料的需求③ in different ecological regions（原材料）来自不同的生态区域⭐️难点2：这一些较难的生词/术语：1️⃣ nascent：“初生的、萌芽的”。

托福阅读考试长难句分析托福阅读长难句分析(1)In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——evenwhile building materials have changed dramatically.(44)大家先自己理解，多想想，先别看解析，看不明白，再看下面的解析。

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )老邪分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。

以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。

修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。

新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)1。

Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space。

(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。

分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。

句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。

2。

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

托福阅读长难句200句和详细解析同学们，有没有这样的情况发生?一个句子当中每一个单词你都认识，但你看不懂这句话，这个感觉是不是十分的诡异?托福阅读长难句因为词汇只是基础，句子才是交流最基本的单位，看阅读是看句子，句子看不懂就是啥也没懂。

小编为大家列举200句及对应解析，希望帮助大家掌握理解长难句的分析方法，攻克这一难关。

1. Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity.2. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.3. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content.4. By contrast, in the United States an estimated 97 million birds are killed each year when they collide with buildings made of plate glass, 57 million are killed on highways each year; at least 3.8 million die annually from pollution and poisoning; and millions of birds are electrocuted each year by transmission and distribution lines carrying power produced by nuclear and coal power plants.5. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."6. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact.7. Only a few organisms especially tolerant of very salty conditions remained.8. Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics.9. The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet’s polar caps.10. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect.11. Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks.12. Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft.13. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands.第五类14. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.15. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations.16. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down.17. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy.18. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting.19. It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.20. A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves incompatibilities between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults retrieve it.21. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it.22. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one?23. This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula, through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of North America to what is today the state of Washington.24. Teachers, it is thought, benefit from the practice of reflection, the conscious act of thinking deeply about and carefully examining the interactions and events within their own classrooms.25. They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being "utilitarian...and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection."26. Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher asa (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher asa technician, putting into practice the ideas of others.27. Other features, however, show experts that Pakicetus is a transitional form between a group of extinct flesh-eating mammals, the mesonychids, and cetaceans.28. Sociobiology views much social behavior, including aggressive behavior, as genetically determined.29. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats.30. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.解析：1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。

托福黄金阅读技巧：长难句分析长难句是我们做托福阅读是最怕遇到的，现在小编分享一些长难句分析给大家，希望对你们的学习有帮助。

长难句分析：二战之后的加拿大Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。

分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句2：is分句3：the country's impressive population growth分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.长难句分析：昆虫的数量The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.”（OG-Applied arts and fine arts）长难句类型：抽象词难度：3语法分析：Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.”译文：尽管现在我们倾向于根据工艺品的制造材料——比如黏土、玻璃、木头、纤维以及金属——对他们进行分类，但根据工艺品的功能进行分类（这一做法）在过去曾经很流行，（这一做法）导致了这些工艺品被称作“实用艺术”。

解释：这句话的前半句，也就是让步的部分并不难，难就难在后面的转折部分，it是形式主语，真正的主语是“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，而后面which引导的定语从句也正是修饰前面的“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，这句话是全文的第一句，事实上作者是在做一个背景导入，根据这句话，我们可知，下面要讲的就“是实用艺术”。

2019年托福阅读长难句：植物减少水分流失They include roots or rootlike structures, a waxy cuticle that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water, and pores called stomata in leaves and stems that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss. (TPO25, 46)waxy /'wæks/ adj. 蜡状的cuticle /'kjtkl/ n. ‘植物’角皮，角质层;表皮，外皮scarce /skes/ adj. 不足的，稀有的大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解They include roots or rootlike structures, (a waxy cuticle)(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water), and pores (called stomata)(in leaves and stems)(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss).(TPO25,46)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干就是：They include roots or rootlike structures and pores修饰一：(a waxy cuticle) ，同位语中文：一种蜡状角质层修饰二：(that covers the surfaces of leaves and stems and limits the evaporation of water) ，从句，修饰a waxy cuticle中文：覆盖在叶子和茎表面并且限制水分蒸发修饰三：(called stomata) ，修饰pores中文：称之为气孔修饰四：(in leaves and stems) ，介词短语中文：在叶子和茎上修饰五：(that allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, thus reducing water loss) ，从句，修饰pores，但是注意这个从句里还有三个修饰成分，疯了!!!从句：but close从句：when water is scarce非谓语动词： thus reducingwater loss中文：保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：他们包括根部或类似根部的结构(一种覆盖在叶子和茎表面并限制水分蒸发的蜡状角质层)以及在叶子和茎上的称之为气孔的毛孔(这些毛孔保证气体交换但当水分不足时则会关闭，从而减少水分流失)。

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析通用4篇托福考试阅读长难句解析篇一Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.记忆单词：competition n.比赛competitor n.参赛者competent adj.有能力的competence n.能力collaboration n.合作collaborate v.合作commercial adj.商业的commodity n.商品理解句子：此句结构清晰，划线部分为分词作状语。

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析篇二托福阅读中的paraphrase问题如何应对？在托福阅读中，还有一类题型经常出现，那就是paraphrase。

这类问题需要大家在给出的选项选择与文章中的长难句意义相近的一句话。

这类问题还是有一定难度的，因为选项中存在一些干扰项。

那么这类问题有哪些解题技巧呢？Strategies to answer this question：1、划分句子主谓宾，充分理解句子意思；2、将句子大意用自己的话复述一遍，简化句子成分；3、看问题选项中有没有跟刚复述的句子意义相似的句子；4、选出正确答案后，看一下其他错误选项。

这些错误选项有的意思跟原文不同，有的漏掉了原文中的重要内容。

找出这些错误，确保万无一失。

Example:大家先来看一个例子：Rather than sell the painting, which is most likely worthmillions of dollars, the Jesuits decided to make it available to the nation of Ireland for viewing. Thus, the painting is on “indefinite loan” to the National Gallery of Ireland. Nevertheless, the painting continues its travels as it features in exhibitions around the world, from the United States to Amsterdam.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?a. The National Gallery of Ireland now owns the painting.b. The National Gallery of Ireland bought the painting from the Jesuits.c. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting, but the Jesuits still own it.d. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting as long as they allow it to travel.想要回答正确，就要准确理解文中indefinite loan的意思。

TOEFL托福阅读长难句分析汇总为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读长难句1As relative newcomers to the Southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (TPO41, 49)大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解(As relative newcomers to the Southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (TPO41, 49)托福阅读长难句100句分析：这个句子的主干局部：the Navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them修饰一：(As relative newcomers to the Southwest)，介词短语中文：作为西南部相对较新的人修饰二：(a place) ，同位语中文：一个地方修饰三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，从句中文：在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政修饰四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介词短语留意这里有一个搭配：not just … but …不仅…而且中文：不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：作为西南部(在那里气候恶劣、邻居冷漠以及统治者暴政)相对较新的人，纳瓦霍人不仅是通过详述这些象征性的行为，而且还通过艺术品本身的美和和谐，制造了这些艺术形式来影响他们四周的世界。

托福考试阅读120句长难句解析以下就是三立在线小编为大家整理的托福考试阅读120句长难句分析。

希望对各位考生的备考有所帮助：100.Not only did they cater to the governorand his circle,but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital forlegislative sessions of the assembly a nd council and the meetings of the courtsof justice.(特殊结构 notonly...but;倒装 Not only did...) 不仅他们为总督和他的圈子提供服务,而且殖民地各地的公民来首府参加两院和市政会的立法会议以及法庭会议。

分句 1:Not only did they cater to thegovernor and his circle分句 2:but citizens from all over the colonycame to the capital for legislative s essions of the assembly and council andthe meetings of the courts of justice. 1和2并列倒装+省略: 正常语序:They did not only cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony (also) came to the capital for legislativesessi ons of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.102.The motivation derived from thetext,and in the case of singing,the music, in combination with the performer'sskills,personality,and ability to create emp athy will determine the success ofartistic,political,or pedagogic communication(句子主干是the motivation...and...the music...will determine the success...;in co mbinationwith...与...相结合) 从剧本里获得的动力,还有(在演唱的情况下的)音乐,与表演者的技巧、个性和引起共鸣的能力相结合,将决定艺术、政治或者教学等交际活动的成功与否。

2019年托福阅读长难句100句：双色树燕世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。

——老邪阅读速度绝大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的水平。

大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。

大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。

希望大家认真看我的分析。

今天我们来看这样一个句子：Indeed,if you take baby tree swallows out of a nest for an hour (feeding half the set and starving the other half), when the birds are replaced in the nest, the starved youngsters beg more loudly than the fed birds, and the parent birds feed the active beggars more than those who beg less vigorously. (TPO11, 56)tree swallow n. 双色树燕，白杜燕youngster /'jst/ n. 小孩子，年轻人vigorous /'vɡrs/ adj. 精力充沛的;有力的，猛烈的我是分界线，大家先自己速读哦。

Indeed, (if you take baby tree swallows out of a nest for an hour) (feeding half the set and starving the otherhalf),(when the birds are replaced in the nest), the starved youngsters beg more loudly than the fed birds, and the parent birds feed the active beggars more than those (who beg less vigorously).(TPO11, 56)托福阅读长难句分析：这句话的主干其实就是后面的一个并列结构，A and Bthe starved youngsters beg more loudly than the fed birds, and the parent birds feed the active beggars more than those (who beg less vigorously)修饰一：(if you take baby tree swallows out of a nest for an hour) ，从句中文：如果你把小的双色树燕拿出鸟巢一小时修饰二：(when the birds are replaced in the nest)，从句中文：当这些鸟被放回鸟巢时修饰三：(feeding half the set and starving the other half)，非谓语动词中文：喂养一半，使另一半挨饿修饰四：(who beg less vigorously) ，从句中文：乞叫没那么大声托福阅读长难句参考翻译：确实，如果你把小的双色树燕拿出鸟巢一小时(喂养一半，使另一半挨饿)，当这些鸟被放回鸟巢时，挨饿的雏鸟就会比喂饱的鸟叫得更大声，它们的父母也会喂积极的乞食者要多于那些不积极的。

托福长难句120句解析1. 英语中的长难句往往给学习者带来困惑和挑战。

2. 本文将为大家解析120个托福长难句，帮助大家更好地理解和应对这些句子结构复杂的句子。

3. 第一句：Although he had studied hard, he still failed the test.4. 这个句子是一个典型的虽然...但是...的结构，虽然他努力学习，但仍然没有通过考试。

5. 这种结构在托福阅读和听力中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。

6. 第二句：Not only did he win the competition, but he also broke the record.7. 这个句子是一个典型的不仅...而且...的结构，他不仅赢得了比赛，而且还打破了纪录。

8. 在托福写作和口语中，我们也可以使用这种结构来增强句子的表达能力。

9. 第三句：It was not until midnight that he finished his work.10. 这个句子是一个典型的直到...才...的结构，直到午夜他才完成了工作。

11. 这种结构在托福考试中经常出现，所以我们要熟悉并运用这种句子结构。

12. 第四句：The more books you read, the more knowledge you will gain.13. 这个句子是一个典型的越...越...的结构，你读的书越多，你就会获得越多的知识。

14. 在托福阅读和写作中，我们可以使用这种结构来增强句子的比较和对比效果。

15. 第五句：Despite the rain, they still went hiking in the mountains.16. 这个句子是一个典型的尽管...但是...的结构，尽管下雨，他们仍然去爬山。

17. 这种结构在托福听力和口语中经常出现，所以我们要注意理解和运用这种句子结构。

18. 第六句：As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect."19. 这个句子是一个典型的正如谚语所说，"熟能生巧"。

1.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time for giving birth.2.In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, froma liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.4.The largest later named pueblo bonito by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1000 or more.5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of large personal library of musical pieces. (not...so much as...与其说....不如说...)6.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit theword’s rain forest does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.7.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small.(要充分认识海洋生命的多样性和丰富性，从小的角度思考有帮助）8.Science is built with facts just as a house built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks ac be called a house.9.The variation between the hemisphere corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities.10.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as john Barth, Donald Barthelme , and Tomas Pynchon, Joyce carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence OD the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.11.If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence. 12.Individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes.13.People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos.14.Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird , but always functional shapes.15.With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it , young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression.16.The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature: furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.17.Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them.cation is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.19.Life’s transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of the evolutionary challenges as was the genesis of life.20.In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cotton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nation’s farmers the visible sign of vast conspiracy against them.21.And there were factories in occupation such as metalwork whereindividual contractors presided over what were essentially handicraft proprietorships that coexisted within a single building.22.But as the number of wage earners in the manufacturing rose from 2.7million in 1880 to 4.5million in 1900 to 8.4 million in 1920. the number of huge plants like the Baldwin locomotive works in Philadelphia burgeoned, as did the size of the average plant.23.What we today call American folk art was , indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks”who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds. And especially for portraits.24.The sculpture legacy that the new united states inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople.25.On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired. Americans turned to foreign sculptors,as in the 1770’s when the cities of New York and Charleston, south Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt.26.Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in grant’s Gazelles.27.Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells buildings owners ho much they can charge their tenants in rent.28.Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony.29.With the turn-of-century crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge for hands-on , personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium.30.The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms. (possibly so= possibly so that)31.In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern united states, they encountered the ancestors of the modern day pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples.32.During the 1940’s electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible light microscope, while the performance of x-ray microscopes resisted improvement.33.What they do is look at familiar conditions from perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected.34.Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false.35.With the spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.36.It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy.37.Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them. Nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. 38.In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation.39.Moreover, the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tight closed helps determine which bill design is the best.40.By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration. In this case the distance that light travels in one year.41.The primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert,mountain, and semiarid plain could pay a profit.42.The argument that humans, even in prehistoric times, had some number sense, at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of moreand less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group, seem fair. For studies have shown that some animals possess sucha sense.43.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect animals, human, vegetation, or materials adversely.44.The acute, growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century, including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspaper.45.A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry,a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs, which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints. 46.Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impression of the soft tissue of early hominids, but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones.47.In fact, throughout the animal kingdom, from sponges to certain types of worms shellfish, and all vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals.48.In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would rhythm and blues in the forties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies.（much as...and as...-----就像...以及...一样）49.They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775, when everything English came to be frowned upon.(flown upon---对...表示不满）50.Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose. 51.The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.52.Among the species of the seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate lay eggs, and rare their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.(among the species of seabirds...are...=...are among the species of seabirds...)53.The distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living.54.The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the naturalresources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households.55.The native American of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes--not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats,boats,fish traps, baby carries, and ceremonial objects. (fashion 制作）56.The wrap was always made of willow, and the most commonly used welt was sedge root--a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread.57.The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reining American art organization, the National Academy of Design.58.In 15 or 30 seconds a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others.59.Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground--based observations from which we know that the auroral brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.60.Outsides the magnetosphere, blasting toward the earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic field.61.Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into larger cities of the united states during the late 19th century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the united states.62.The different uses to which societies put these materials are of interests to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why a people chooses to use clay and not copper when both items are available.63.As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy.64.Here in lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine.(倒装句：here in lay the beginning=the beginning lay here in. 这里面包含了医学中从对营养疗法一无所知到否认其价值这一过程的开端)65.The flow of the industry has passed and left idle the loom in the attic, the soap kettle in the shed. (left idle the loom in the attic, the soap kettle in the shed= left the loom in the attic,the soap kettle in the shed idle)工业之水已经流过，让织布机闲置在阁楼里，把煮皂壶送进棚子里66.They are example of a common theme in the evolution, the more orless parallel development of different types of body structure and function for the same reason--in this case, for flight.67.Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but the citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of courts of justices.68.The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.69.How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness, interests, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker.70.Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depression. (be evidenced,表现出来) 71.Industrialization and bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. (combined with ：加上）工业化和经济生活的官僚化，加上重新强调证书和专长，使得学校教育对经济和社会变动性越来越重要。