Anglo-Saxon Period
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英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod ppt课件
The Anglo-Saxon Period witnessed a Transition from tribal society to feudalism.
British Literature I
5. The Anglo-Saxon religious belief
The Anglo-Saxons were heathen (异教徒) people, believing in old mythology of Northern Europe.
Early Inhabitants
Britons
Britain
a tribe of Celts the land of Britons
primitive people clustering of huts
tribal society
2. The Roman Conquest
British Literature I
British Literature I
History and Selected Readings of British Literature
British Literature I
Outline of British Literature
▪ 1. Anglo-Saxon Period 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066) ▪ 2. Anglo-Norman Period (Middle Ages)盎格鲁- 诺曼时期
English language was influenced by the Northern mythology.
▪ 6.The Romanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832） ▪ 7.The Critical Realism 批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代-
The Anglo-Saxon Period
the Saxons, from Lower Saxony (in modern Germany; German: Niedersachsen) and the Low Countries;
the Jutes, possibly from the Jutland peninsula (in modern Denmark; Danish: Jylland).
Beowulf
Beowulf ( /beiwʊlf/; in Old English [beːow̯ ʊlf] or [beːəwʊlf]) is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066.[1][2] The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century
the Jutes, possibly from the Jutland peninsula (in modern Denmark; Danish: Jylland).
Beowulf
Beowulf ( /beiwʊlf/; in Old English [beːow̯ ʊlf] or [beːəwʊlf]) is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.
The term Anglo-Saxon is used by some historians to designate the Germanic tribes who invaded and settled the south and east of Britain beginning in the early 5th century and the period from their creation of the English nation up to the Norman conquest. The Anglo-Saxon era denotes the period of English history between about 550 and 1066.[1][2] The term is also used for the language, now known as Old English, that was spoken and written by the Anglo-Saxons and their descendants in England (and part of southeastern Scotland) between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century
美国文学史及选读中古英语时期的名词解释
美国文学史及选读中古英语时期的名词解释中古英语时期的名词解释1.Old English period (the Anglo-Saxon period): The Old English Period, extended from the invasion of Celtic England by Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) in the first half of the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066 by the Norman French under the leadership of the seventh century did the Anglo-Saxons, whose earlier literature had been oral, begin to develop a written literature.2. Alliteration: Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word.3. Prose: Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the lines either of metric verse or free verse.4. Couplet: A couplet is a pair of rhymed lines that are equal in length.5. Meter: Meter is the recurrence, in regular units, of a prominent feature in the sequence of speech-sounds of a language.6. Foot: A foot is the combination of a strong stress and the associated weak stress or stresses which make up the recurrent metric unit of a line. The relatively stronger-stressed syllable is called, for short, “stressed”; the relatively weaker-stressed syllables are called “light,” or most commonly, “unstressed”. The four standard feet distinguished in English are: (1) Iambic (the noun is “iamb”): an unstressed syllable followed by a s tressed syllable. (2) Anapestic (the noun is “anapest”): twounstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable. (3)Trochaic (the noun is “trochee”): a stressed syllable. (4) Dactylic (the noun is “dactyl”): a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.A metric line is named according to the number of feet composing it:Monometer: one footDimeter: two feetTrimester: three feetTetrameter: four feetPentameter: five feetHexameter: six feetHeptameter: seven feetOctameter: eight feet7. Ballad (popular ballad): Ballad is also known as the folk ballad or traditional ballad. It is a song, transmitted orally, which tells a story. Ballads are thus the narrative species of folk songs, which originate, and are communicated orally, among illiterate or only partly literate people.8. Arthurian legend: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.9. Courtly love: It is a doctrine of love, together with an elaborate code governing the relations betwe4en aristocratic lovers, which was widely represented in the lyric poems and chivalric romances of Western Europe during the Middle Ages.10. Romance: It is a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, withlegendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denoted any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry, and courtly love. Romances were written by court musicians, clerics, scribes, and aristocrats for the entertainment and moral edification of the nobility. Popular subjects for romances included the Macedonian King Alexander the Great, King Arthur Charlemagne. Later prose and verse narratives, particularly those in the 19th-century romantic tradition, are also referred to as romances; set in distant or mythological places and times, like most romances they stress adventure and supernatural elements.。
Anglo-Saxon period
c. The Anglo-Saxon Invasion
In the mid 5th century, Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes--the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, from the Northeast of Europe, fierce Germanic tribes in late stages of tribal society established small kingdoms in Britain by the 7th century combined into a united kingdom called England ( the land of Angles ). people called the English. three dialects spoken by them grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English, a derivative of Low German.
e. The Danish Invasion
From
787, the English began to be troubled by bands of Danish Vikings (Scandinavian sea robbers). invaded parts of the country from time to time came to make permanent settlement and ruthlessly destroyed many of the monasteries. King Alfred fought to drive off the Danes. The Danes finally occupied England in 1013 and held it for about 30 years.
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读作者及作品
英国文学史及选读作者及作品一、盎格鲁—撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf”《浪游者》“Widsith”or “The Traveller's Song"《航海家》“Seafarer”二、盎格鲁—诺曼时期The Anglo—Norman Period※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ”杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History”莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust”《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland”三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer （1340?-1400）※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales”《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose”《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women”《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame"《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls"《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie"大众民谣Popular Ballads※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin—a—Dale””※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door”※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens”托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry”兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers，the Plowman”四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564—1616）1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ”《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors”1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus”《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew”1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”《爱的徒劳》“Love's Labour’s Lost”《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet”1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅱ"《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night's Dream”1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John”※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice”1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing”《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor”《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ”1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar”《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or，What You Will”※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark"1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida"《终成眷属》“All's Well That Ends Well”1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure"《奥塞罗》“Othello，the Moore of Venice”1605《李尔王》”King Lear”《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth" 1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra”1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus”《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens”1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles，Prince of Tyre”1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline，King of Britain”1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale”《暴风雨》“The Tempest”《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ”Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis”《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece”※《十四行诗》“Sonnets"2。
安格鲁-撒克逊时期
(446- 871)
1. the paraphrase of the Anglo-
Saxons 2. the progress of the AngloSaxons 3. the influence of the AngloSaxons
1. from linguistics（语言学）
In the ethnic fusion
In the literature In the politics In the religion
the old English of the Anglo-Saxons
2. from the humanics（人类学）
the Anglo-Saxons the Anglo-Saxon period
I. II.
The origin of Anglo Saxons
The Anglo - Saxons times（5th -7th ）
Northumbria
Mercia East Anglia Essex Kent Sussex
Wessex
The early Anglo-Saxons were pagans ，they believed in many gods .
The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic
to Christianity..
From 787, the English began to be troubled by bands
of Danish
Vikings(Scandinavian sea robbers). Invaded parts of the country from time to time came to
1. the paraphrase of the Anglo-
Saxons 2. the progress of the AngloSaxons 3. the influence of the AngloSaxons
1. from linguistics（语言学）
In the ethnic fusion
In the literature In the politics In the religion
the old English of the Anglo-Saxons
2. from the humanics（人类学）
the Anglo-Saxons the Anglo-Saxon period
I. II.
The origin of Anglo Saxons
The Anglo - Saxons times（5th -7th ）
Northumbria
Mercia East Anglia Essex Kent Sussex
Wessex
The early Anglo-Saxons were pagans ，they believed in many gods .
The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic
to Christianity..
From 787, the English began to be troubled by bands
of Danish
Vikings(Scandinavian sea robbers). Invaded parts of the country from time to time came to
英国文学 Anglo-Saxon时期
• Chinese myths v.s. North-Euro myth • Chinese heroes v.s. Anglo-Saxon epic
盘古
Ymir尤弥尔
女娲
Frigga 奥丁的妻子和女儿
炎帝
Beowulf
伏羲
奥丁
轩辕黄帝
亚瑟王
• 家庭生活： curtain,chair,cushion,blanket,towel, closet,etc． 打猎： kennel,falcon,chase,warren,covert, quail,etc． 艺术与科学： art,painting,sculpture,cathedral,ma nsion,etc． 医药： medicine,physician,surgeon,plague ,pain,remedy,etc．
Alliteration
• Is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.头韵
• End rhyme 尾韵
The origin of myths and legends
• 1. human v.s. nature: • sea, forest, animals • dense swamp fog • harsh winter • • 2. the blending of myth and legend
French
政府： government,authority,sovereign,parl iament,treaty,alliance,mayor,etc． 宗教： clergy,cardinal,parson,vicar,commu nion,faith,etc． 法律： bar,judge,suit,jury,evidence,defend ant,verdict,etc． 陆、海军： army,battle,spy,enemy,captain,arch er,etc．
盘古
Ymir尤弥尔
女娲
Frigga 奥丁的妻子和女儿
炎帝
Beowulf
伏羲
奥丁
轩辕黄帝
亚瑟王
• 家庭生活： curtain,chair,cushion,blanket,towel, closet,etc． 打猎： kennel,falcon,chase,warren,covert, quail,etc． 艺术与科学： art,painting,sculpture,cathedral,ma nsion,etc． 医药： medicine,physician,surgeon,plague ,pain,remedy,etc．
Alliteration
• Is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.头韵
• End rhyme 尾韵
The origin of myths and legends
• 1. human v.s. nature: • sea, forest, animals • dense swamp fog • harsh winter • • 2. the blending of myth and legend
French
政府： government,authority,sovereign,parl iament,treaty,alliance,mayor,etc． 宗教： clergy,cardinal,parson,vicar,commu nion,faith,etc． 法律： bar,judge,suit,jury,evidence,defend ant,verdict,etc． 陆、海军： army,battle,spy,enemy,captain,arch er,etc．
Timeline of British Literature 英国文学时间线
• Historical Context
– Life centered around ancestral tribes/clans that ruled themselves
– At first, tribes/clans were warriors from invading outlying areas
– The printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
– Economy changes from farm-based to international trade
– “Morality Plays”
• Chivalric code of honor
– Knights, their ladies fair
• Religious devotion • Romances
Medieval Period
• Style / Genre
– Oral tradition continues – Folk Ballads
– Kenning
• A poetic phrase used in place of the usual name of a person or thing
• Ex: “A wave traveler” for “A boat”
Medieval Period
• Church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
Romanticism
• 1785-1830 • A literary, artistic, and intellectual
– Life centered around ancestral tribes/clans that ruled themselves
– At first, tribes/clans were warriors from invading outlying areas
– The printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
– Economy changes from farm-based to international trade
– “Morality Plays”
• Chivalric code of honor
– Knights, their ladies fair
• Religious devotion • Romances
Medieval Period
• Style / Genre
– Oral tradition continues – Folk Ballads
– Kenning
• A poetic phrase used in place of the usual name of a person or thing
• Ex: “A wave traveler” for “A boat”
Medieval Period
• Church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
Romanticism
• 1785-1830 • A literary, artistic, and intellectual
古英语时期
一. Old English古英语的名词有数和格的分别。
数分为单数、复数；格分为主格、所有格、与格、宾格。
因此一个名词加起来共有8种变化形式。
此外，名词还分阳性、中性和阴性。
但是比较奇怪的是，这些性的区分并不是以性别来判断的，而且没有性别的事物也未必是中性。
例如妇女就是阳性的。
2.古英语形成的过程日耳曼部落在不列颠定居以后，各自占领一些地区。
盎格鲁人占领了泰晤士河以北的英格兰大部分地区和苏格兰的低地，朱特人占领了肯特郡一带地区，撒克逊人占领了泰晤士河以南的大部分地区。
各个部落建立了一些小王国，出现了英语史上的七国时代（the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy）。
直到公元830年，阿尔弗烈德大王（Alfred the Great）才统一了整个英格兰地区。
由于全国长期没有统一，所以古英语时期存在着多种方言，主要的方言有四种：西撒克逊语（West Saxon）、肯特语（Kentish）、莫西亚语（Mercian）和北恩布瑞安语（Northumbrian）。
这四种方言都曾一度占主导地位。
西撒克逊语保存下来的手稿最多，其它方言在形成英语的过程中也起到了重要的作用。
古英语的词汇有着浓厚的日耳曼语族的特点。
这主要表现为复合法是重要的构词方法，复合词在古英语词汇中占有显著的地位。
据统计，在史诗《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf）3183行的诗句中，竟有1069个复合词。
有些复合词中不重读的部分，渐渐失去独立地位，而演变为词缀，如 for-，in-，-ful等派生法在古英语中也广泛使用，共有24个名词后缀、15个形容词后缀，-dom，-hood，-ship，-ness，- the，-ful，-ish 等词缀都可溯源到古英语时期。
古英语时期诗歌有一种特殊的修辞手法，即头韵（alliteration），由此产生的许多短语一直保留至今，如 might and main （全力地），friend and foe（敌友），a labour of love（出自喜爱而做的事）。
lecture 1- anglo-saxon period(英国文学盎格鲁撒克逊时期)
The invasion of Anglo-Saxons
Anglo—angul—hook fishermen Saxon—seax—a short sword hardy fighters The ancestors of the present English people King Arthur (a legendary figure) -- Celts
Kenning
A metaphor usually composed of two words the formula for a special object E.g. helmet bearer = ? The world candle = ? Whale road=? Ring giver= ? wave-traveler‖ or ―sea-wood‖ = ?
Preview questions
What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature? What are the essential features of romance in the Medieval English literature? What’s the general idea of the romance ― Sir Gawain and the Green Knight‖? What is Chaucer’s contribution to English language? summarize Chaucer’s literary career. What is the function of the Prologue to ― The Canterbury Tales‖? What is the social significance of ― The Canterbury Tales‖?
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History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: Literature 3
About The Song of Beowulf: England’s national epic; The only existing manuscript was written at the beginning of the 10th century and was discovered in 1705. It was composed much earlier, and reflects events took place on the Continent approximately at the beginning of the 6th century about the forefathers of the Jutes. Consists of 3182 lines and be divided into two parts (is pagan) with and interpolation ( added by the Christain)
History and anthology of English literature
Reference books
History and anthology of English literature
Part One The Anglo-Saxon period
Teaching purpose: required to know the history and literature of the old period. Important points: analyze the subject matter and themes of The song of Beowulf
History and anthology of English literature
Lecture One
Introduction
Wendy Si 09-08-09
History and anthology of English literature
Warming-up questions
What do you know about English literature? Do you like it? Do you think it’s worthwhile to study it? How can we study it effectively? How can we go through these two books in this term? Let’s look at my teaching plan for this term.
History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: Literature 1
The literature of this period falls into two parts: 1. pagan: represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas---the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; 2. Christian: represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks
History and anthology of English literature
Requirements
Read the assigned part after your class. Read the reference books for this course Read some academic article from the important periodicals in our library and reference room. Do some exercises to review what you have learned. Write some critical articles and develop them into your graduation paper.
History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: History
449-1066 Before 410 A.D., Celtic population lived on the Albion (an old name for Britain), which was a province of Roman Empire. About 449, Jutes, a band of Teutons (coincides with modern Germany), left Denmark and landed the island and were followed by other two tribes of Teutons, Anlges and Saxons. The Angles named Albion as Angle-land and shortened into England.
Britons: a tribe of Celts---Britain (tribal society) Roman Conquest: 55B.C.----78.A.D.---410A.D. English Conquest: Three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. By the 7th century, these small kingdoms were combined into a united kingdom called England, or the land of Angles, the people were called English. The Anglo-saxon language was called Old English.
Thematically, the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.
History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: Literature 5
Features of The song of Beowulf: 1.the use of alliteration. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration. 2. the use of metaphor and understatement. 3. reflecting the features of the tribal society of ancient times.
History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: Literature 2
Two early Anglo-Saxon poets: 1.Caedmon: lived in the latter half of the 7th century and wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible; 2. Cynewulf: the author of the poems on religious subjects, who live in the 8th century. Representative works: Great epic: The song of Beowulf Poems: Widsith or The Traveller’s Song Seafarer
History and anthology of English literature
The Britons:
The English people are of a mixed blood. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain, the land of Britons. The Britons lived in the tribal society.
History and anthology of English literature
The Anglo-Saxon period: Literature 4
Its character: Teutonic hero Beowulf Hrothgar--- the king of Danes Heorot ---a magnificent hall Grendel--- a monster halfhuman Grendel’s mother---avenge the death of her son Wiglaf---to succeed Beowulf Its plot: fight with Grendel fight with Grendel’s mother fight with firedrake death and funeral