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2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析07定语从句（二）考点二“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语或状语。
能用于这一结构的关系代词只有whom, which, whose三个，whom, which作宾语，whose作定语。
这一结构的中介词由两个方面来确定：与先行词的搭配；与从句谓语动词的搭配。
1. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge. （2017江苏）A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how【答案】B【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除C、D；“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词不能用that，故选B。
2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. （2017江苏）A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰purpose，故用关系代词whose。
3. Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. （2016江苏）A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除B、D；关系代词指代people，故用关系代词whom。
4. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (2015浙江)A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作状语，只能用“介词+关系代词”，先行词是atmosphere，表示“在……氛围中”，应用介词in。
高考英语语法填空题常见考点归纳一、括号内无提示词考点一：名词之前多用冠，不定分清a 与an1）When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Tony. He was ______ shy , nervous perfectionist.2) I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _____ amazing conversation.3) There was once a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed _______ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.Key: a; an; the相关知识储备：定冠词、不定冠词的基本用法，对一些易用错冠词的地方要特别留意，如：a university, an European, an honest boy, an 8-year-old boy考点二：代词分清主和宾，不定、it和反身，代词指代有目标，结合语篇看得准。
1）I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____.2) I patiently walked into the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax _________.3) Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ___________ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.Key: her; myself; they知识储备：人称代词的主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、it的用法。
专题二 非谓语动词考点1 非谓语动词作状语1．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆，11)A．used B．having usedC．using D．use2．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南，30)A．wondering B．wonderC．to wonder D．wondered3．________in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.(2015·天津，5)A．To absorb B．To be absorbedC．Absorbed D．Absorbing4．________ for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015·天津，8)A．To work B．WorkedC．To be working D．Having worked5．________ more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015·福建，28)A．Learn B．LearnedC．To learn D．To be learning6．Time，________ correctly，is money in the bank.(2012·湖南，23) A．to use B．usedC．using D．use考点归纳1．分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的、评论性状语等；现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动；分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
专题02 代词、介词和介词短语养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
考点01 代词1.（2024年浙江卷1月·语法填空）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.2.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）This area, with _______ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.3.（2023年全国甲卷改错）In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps.4.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.5.（2022年北京卷语法填空）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery.考点02 介词和短语1.（2024年新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands ________ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route .2.（2024年新高考II卷语法填空）I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)is similar in some ways _______Romeo and Juliet. "3.（2024年全国甲卷语法填空）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.4.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment.5.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ________ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.6.（2023年全国乙卷改错）Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore.7.（2023年全国甲卷改错）Now, I’ve come to love those of small living things.8. （2023年新高考I卷语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed _______ hand rather than rolled.9. （2023年新高考I卷语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ________(they) contents.10.（2023年新高考II卷语法填空）And who do they speak English ________?11.（2023年浙江卷1月语法填空）Thanks to Beijing’s long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.12.（2022年浙江卷6月语法填空）Lu Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ________ age seven.13.（2022年新高考I卷语法填空）Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.14.（2022年北京卷语法填空）Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
高考英语二轮专题总复习语法定语从句1.回顾复习上节课虚拟语气用法：①我要睡觉了。
希望你能将电视机声音调小点。
→②If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you ___ able to write letters in EnglishA. should beB. wereC. must beD. are③Her facial expression suggested that she ___ angry.A. should beB. must beC. wasD. be④We’d rather you___ the account tomorrowA. settledB. settleC. will settleD. would settle⑤if only that photoA. hadn’t missedB. missedC. not missedD. missing2.上节课盲点回顾停下来去喝水→停止喝水→Science→（科学的）→（科学家）该上学了→It is timeIt is time听写单词：3.定语从句的概念Green team（绿队）→Team in green（绿队）→The team who wear in green.(穿绿衣服的队伍)↓↓↓形容词介词短语从句（即为定语从句）▶▶▶▶▶The Attributive Clause→在句子中修饰或限定名词，代词的从句就是定语从句☻The team who先行词4．关系代词的用法：which, who, whom, whose, that4.1 ①These are the trees which / that were planted last year。
②These are the students who won the first place last year.③The runner who you are asking about is over there.④The games which / that the young men competed in were difficult.▶▶▶▶▶归纳总结：在定语从句中当先行词是事物时，那么该从句要用关系代词：引导。
必修第一册 Unit 2 Travelling Around1.apply vi.申请；请求 vt.涂；敷；应用；运用佳句背诵(2024·全国甲卷)There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.申请英国高校和学院食品课程的学生人数有所增加。
归纳拓展(1)apply(to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物apply to sb./sth.适用于……apply sth.to...把某物应用/涂抹于……apply oneself to(doing) sth.致力于/集中精力于(做)某事(2)application n．申请(书)；应用applicant n．申请人多维训练单句语法填空①(2024·全国甲卷)What position does the man apply for ?②(牛津高阶) Applicants (apply) will be expected to have a good command of English.③The convention does not apply to us.写作运用提能④一旦你确定参加，请填写随附的申请表，并将其发送给我。
(应用文之征稿启事)Once you have decided to take part, please fill in the attached application form and send it to me.⑤(朗文当代)在接下来的几个月里，他致力于改进技术。
(应用文写作之人物描写)Over the next months, he has applied himself to improving the technique.⑥(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)杰夫在手上涂了一点药膏后，很快就专心打扫厨房。
专题02 名词性从句八大考点归纳（讲义）原卷版养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
讲义目录考点清单一、that和what典型用法归纳P2 考点清单二、连词if和whether典型用法归纳P2 考点清单三、what和how引导的宾语从句的典型用法P3 考点清单四、wh- ever类从句典型用法归纳P3 考点清单五、两种典型的同位语从句归纳P3 考点清单六、it作形式主语/宾语的名词性从句P4 考点清单七、名词性从句中虚拟语气用法P4 考点清单八、名词性从句中的时态照应P5 分类训练（一）高考真题P6 分类训练（二）模拟试题P6 分类训练（三）单句改错P7分类训练（四）句式升级（书面表达真题）P7 分类训练（五）外刊原创语法填空P8 （一）二十四节气之大暑来历及风俗P8 （二）传统茶与咖啡混合饮料成为新时尚P8 （三）中国新能源汽车正在进入德国汽车市场P9考点清单一、that和what典型用法归纳要点精讲：①that是连词，只起连接作用，不作句子成分。
②what是连接代词，既起连接作用，又充当句子主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
③特别注意what的替代功能，相当于the thing/time/place/speed that…。
2020届高考英语必背知识点近五年高考真题分类语法考点整理（二）动词篇（动词和动词短语、情态动词、虚拟语气、动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词）【动词和动词短语】(2019·天津卷)Kate heard a man's voice in the background,but she couldn't make out what he was saying.凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。
(2018·天津卷）It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。
(2018·天津卷）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving,but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技能是如此的有把握。
(2018·江苏卷）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project whichcalls for a clear road map and timetable.发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。
have accessto violent films becausethey might imitate (2018·江苏卷）Kids shouldn’ｔthe things they see.孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。
(2017·天津卷）Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle down ,get married,and have kids.布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子.(2017·江苏卷） A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。
高中英语语法专攻-《定语从句》【考点1-关系代词与关系副词】1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal.可能有些人会骑车,就是为了得到那份免费餐。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略。
Do you know the boy(whom) we met at the gate?你认识我们在门口碰到的那个男孩吗?3.which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。
4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
She is the pop star(that) I want to see very much.她就是那位我非常想见的明星。
Among the many dangers(which/that) sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.在海员们要面对的许多危险中,最严重的可能就是雾。
5.whose可指人或物,修饰名词或代词,在定语从句中充当定语。
“whose+名词”可改为“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名词”。
The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的这些书是给我们的奖品,它们的封面很亮。
His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose activitywould infect(感染) other students.他在场意味着在课堂上我有一位意想不到的助教,他的活动将感染其他学生。
语法专题突破词法篇之代词〔重温高考〕考向1人称、物主与反身代词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __it/running__ a try.解析：考查代词或名词的用法。
我们都应该试试跑步。
此处give it a try意为：试试。
此处it可以指running。
故填it或running。
2．(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __it__ can be to eat out.解析：考查it用法。
句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。
故填it。
3．(2017·浙江)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt __myself__(I)，” says Pahlsson.解析：句意为：她原本以为我伤到了自己。
根据句意可知用I的反身代词myself。
4．(2016·全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by __its__(it) mother.解析：根据空格后的名词及前面的a lively three－month－old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。
二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性①She held some flowers in her hand.②The trees are now in flower 花儿个体名开花抽象名①Youth is beautiful.②He is a youth of twenty青春抽象名年轻人个体名①They have achieved remarkable success in their work.②—How about the Christmas evening party?—I should say it was a success.成功抽象名成功的事个体名例句意义名词性①Iron is a kind of metal.②Please lend me your iron.铁物质名熨斗个体名①He broke a piece of glass.②He broke a glass.玻璃物质名玻璃杯个体名①I bought a chicken this morning②Please help yourself to some chicken 小鸡个体名鸡肉物质名具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作①—I’d like______informatio n about the management of your hotel,please.—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分in____international trade today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier time③ is money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。
这时名词前往往有形容词修饰①Oh, John. _____you gave me!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise②She looked up when I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。
规则例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, w oman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, spe3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, gl contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, ggovernment, population, crew, team, public,6 复数形式表示特别含义drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致规则情况举例语法一致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyWhat he said is very important for us由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
what I bought were three English bookWhat I say and do is (are) helpful fo由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。
由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a(an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some,any no, eve ry构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in tMany a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is eveSomebody is speaking in class. Ever ymatter若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的数。
若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词以。
None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who want to go please write thblackboard.He is one of my friends who are workiHe is the (only) one of my friends who 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema toIt is we who are going to the cinema 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；His family has moved to the sout h .(他由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the clas Three-fourths of the surface of the e 50 percent of the students in our cla 此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似但the number of +复数名词的数就得依num A number of students have gone to the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is t在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus. On pictures.Such is the result. Suc Between the two hills stands a monume逻辑意义一致原则What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
Which is your bag? WhichAre any of you good at English? Haspen?All can be done has been done. AlAll have been taken out.Beijing.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
