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现在完成时态与过去时态的区别

现在完成时态与过去时态的区别
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别

现在完成时态与过去时态的区别

现在完成时态与过去时态的区别

1. 意义上的区别

一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去.

现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴.

试比较下列例句:

I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了.

强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" .

I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋.

强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系.

My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车.

强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车".

My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车.

强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的.

2. 时间状语的区别

一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等.

现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ever 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等.

二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实,常有具体的时间状语标志,如,yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---,

examples:

1.I met her a week ago.

2.We have a English class this morning.

而完成时有两种用法或意义

1,影响性:也是一个过去动作但却强调它对现在的影响,没具体时间点作时间状语,但常有,

already,yet,before,just作状语。

(1).Have you had your breakfast,yet?(2).I have seen this movie before.

(3).He has just finished his homework.

2.持续性:表动作从过去的一个点开始,一直持续到现在。(现在完成时)如果只需到过去的另一个点就是过去完成时。动词要用延续性的,还常有 for(引导线状时间状语),since(引导点状时间状语)

(1).I have been worked here for 20 years./I have worked here since 20 years ago.

(2).I have been a member of the League for 2 years.这里的be a member of 代替不可延续的动词短语join the League。

(3).I had been a teacher before I moved here 2 years ago.(过去完成时,表达过去之过

相同点:都是发生在过去。

不同点:过去时只注重此事已发生了;现在完成时强调这件事对现在的影响。比如说:我吃过早饭了。如果你用过去时:I had my breakfast.只是表明吃过早饭了,至于现在饿不饿,还想不想吃点别的,情况不明。但如果你用现在完成时:I have had my breakfast.则表明,我已吃过早饭了,言外之意是:我现在不饿,我现在不想吃别的了。

I已完成用法

表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。

1).表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just,now,already,yet,not…yet等连用。

Li Ming has just turned off the light.

李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯关上了)

I've finished my homework now.

现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以交作业或做别的了)

2). 表示过去动作的结果,现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。

I have lost my pen.

我把笔丢了。

(说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没找到这支笔)

She has become a teacher.

她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师)

She has become a teacher.

她已经当了老师。(说明她现在仍是老师)

II未完成用法。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还能继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month),lately,recently,these days,in the past few days,during the last two weeks. since,since yesterday,since 2 days ago,since 1991,for a longtime,for a month,so far,up to now,till(until) now等。

He has lived here for 30 years.

他住在这儿三十年了。(现在还住在这儿)

They've known each other since childhood.

他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续往来)

How long have you studied English?

你学英语多久了?(现在仍在学)

III经验性用法。表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。一般译为汉语“过”,常和often,never,ever,once,twice,three times,before,since 等连用。

I have been to the Summer Palace twice.

我曾经去过颐和园两次。

We have visited your school before.

我以前曾去过你们学校。

(过去的经历,但现在依然记得)

二,现在完成时的时间状语

I现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:

-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.

近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this

morning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I

haven't.

今天你见过他吗?我没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次?

II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如:come, go, arrive, reach, see,

hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, close, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语,必须将动词改为延续性动词。

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换,如:

fall asleep (ill) →be asleep(ill) get to know→ know

begin,(start)→ be on open →be open

buy→ have get up→ be up

die→ be dead go out→ be out

come→ be in close→be closed

arrive→be here join→be in, be a +名词

finish( end )→be over leave, move →be away, be out of

borrow →keep go to school→be a student

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) begin to study→study

come back→be back put on→wear 或be on

如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

三,,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在

过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较: I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)

I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)

The light has gone out.灯已经息了.(现在尚未亮)

The light gone went out.灯曾经息过.(现在已亮了)

四,.几点注意事项

I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:

They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

II.如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:

It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

Ⅲ.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如:

I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

五, 用于现在完成时的句型

Ⅰ.It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

Ⅱ.This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题:

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come

B. even, have come

C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time

+that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。

、什么叫过去完成时?它是怎样构成的?

过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,也可能是早已完成或结束,即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。

过去完成时由“had +动词的过去分词”构成, had通常用于任何人称。

二、过去完成时有哪些用法?

过去完成时主要有以下几点用法:

1. 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。句中常用by, before, when, until等词引导的时间状语。它是以过去某一时间为起点,所以过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。例如:

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会时,他发现大多数客人已经离开了。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去,常与for, since等词连用。例如:

When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到时,他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。

3. 用于并列句:一个并列句用的是过去式,如果另一个并列句表示的动作早于过去式这一动作,这时需用过去完成时。例如:

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。

4. 某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等。例如:

They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten. 他们本来打算能在10

点之前到达。

5. 在before, after, as soon as等引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已

经表示出时间先后,所以可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。例如:

三、一般过去时和过去完成时用法有哪些不同?

1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同

(1)用在宾语从句中

在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中,既可用一般过去时,也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子:

She said she was a doctor. 她说她是位医生。(说话时仍为医生)

She said she had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生。(说话时已不是)

She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过20年的医生。(主要强调说话时已当过20年医生,此状态可能已经结束,也可能还没有)

但是,如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语,则常用一般过去时。例如:

He said he was born in 1986. 他说他是 1986年出生的。

(2)用在含有after的主从复合句中

在含有after的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用过去完成时,主句中使用一般过去时。例如: After he had done his homework, he went out to play football.

因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系,因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard

to improve his English.

(3)用在含有before的主从复合句中

用在含有before的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用一般过去时,主句中使

用过去完成时。例如: Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.

有时,也可以在从句中用过去完成时,主句中用一般过去时,这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较: We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前,我们就到了车站。 We had got to the station

before the train left. 火车开出之前,我们就已经到了车站。

像after一样, before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系,故多数主从句

均使用一般过去时,而无需使用过去完成时。例如:

Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完,许多人就起身回家了。

(4)用在含有when的主从复合句中

由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系,故先发生的动作应用过去完成时,后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句,也可能是从句。例如:

When all his money had been used up, Peter had to turn to a friend for help. 当他的钱全都用光时,彼得只好转而求助于一个朋友。

有时,主句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确,两个动作紧接着发生,前一动作导致后一动作,这时两者均用一般过去时即可。例如:

When the meeting was over, we left the hall. 散会后,我们就离开了大厅。

2. 叙述几个连续的动作用法不同

在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and, but, so或then等连接并按时间发生的先后顺序叙述时,只需用一般过去时。例如:

She entered the room, turned on the light and found everything stolen.

I lost my pen but soon found it.

She lost her pen, so I lent her mine.

但是,如果两个先后发生的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时,为明确动作发生的先后顺序,先发生的动作就得用过去完成时。例如:

The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another good harvest. 农民们兴高采烈,因为他们又获得了一次好收成。

3. 表示与过去还是现在相反的情况不同

一些表示心理活动的动词,如think, know, expect, mean, hope,want, suppose等,用一般过去时可表示存在于过去而非现在的心理活动或事与愿违的情况。例如:

I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。

而这些词的过去完成时则表示的是过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法或意图等。例如:

We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你去看我们。

、什么叫过去完成时?它是怎样构成的?

过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,也可能是早已完成或结束,即“过去的过去”;也可以指过去的动作延续到过去的某个时刻。

过去完成时由“had +动词的过去分词”构成, had通常用于任何人称。

二、过去完成时有哪些用法?

过去完成时主要有以下几点用法:

1. 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。句中常用by, before, when, until等词引导的时间状语。它是以过去某一时间为起点,所以过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”。只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到它。例如:

Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会时,他发现大多数客人已经离开了。

2.过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去,常与for, since等词连用。例如:

When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到时,他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。

3. 用于并列句:一个并列句用的是过去式,如果另一个并列句表示的动作早于过去式这一动作,这时需用过去完成时。例如:

Tom flew home, but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,他的父亲却已经去世了。

4. 某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等。例如:

They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten. 他们本来打算能在10

点之前到达。

5. 在before, after, as soon as等引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间先后,所以可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。例如:

三、一般过去时和过去完成时用法有哪些不同?

1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同

(1)用在宾语从句中

在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中,既可用一般过去时,也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子:

She said she was a doctor. 她说她是位医生。(说话时仍为医生)

She said she had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生。(说话时已不是)

She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过20年的医生。(主要强调说话时已当过20年医生,此状态可能已经结束,也可能还没有)

但是,如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语,则常用一般过去时。例如:

He said he was born in 1986. 他说他是 1986年出生的。

(2)用在含有after的主从复合句中

在含有after的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用过去完成时,主句中使用一般过去时。例如:

After he had done his homework, he went out to play

football.

因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系,因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard

to improve his English.

(3)用在含有before的主从复合句中

用在含有before的主从复合句中,一般在从句中使用一般过去时,主句中使

用过去完成时。例如: Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.

有时,也可以在从句中用过去完成时,主句中用一般过去时,这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较: We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前,我们就到了车站。 We had got to the station

before the train left. 火车开出之前,我们就已经到了车站。

像after一样, before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系,故多数主从句

均使用一般过去时,而无需使用过去完成时。例如:

Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完,许多人就起身回家了。

(4)用在含有when的主从复合句中

由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系,故先发生的动作应用过去完成时,后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句,也可能是从句。例如:

When all his money had been used up, Peter had to turn to a friend

for help. 当他的钱全都用光时,彼得只好转而求助于一个朋友。

有时,主句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确,两个动作紧接着发生,前一动作导致后一动作,这时两者均用一般过去时即可。例如:

When the meeting was over, we left the hall. 散会后,我们就离开了大厅。

2. 叙述几个连续的动作用法不同

在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and, but, so或then等连接并按时间发生的先后顺序叙述时,只需用一般过去时。例如:

She entered the room, turned on the light and found everything stolen.

I lost my pen but soon found it.

She lost her pen, so I lent her mine.

但是,如果两个先后发生的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时,为明确动作发生的先后顺序,先发生的动作就得用过去完成时。例如:

The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another good harvest. 农民们兴高采烈,因为他们又获得了一次好收成。

3. 表示与过去还是现在相反的情况不同

一些表示心理活动的动词,如think, know, expect, mean, hope,want, suppose等,用一般过去时可表示存在于过去而非现在的心理活动或事与愿违的情况。例如:

I didn't know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。

而这些词的过去完成时则表示的是过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法或意图等。例如: We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你去看我们。

be to do一般是表示按计划进行或征求对方意见

e.g.I am to go to school tomorrow.

Are we to go on with this work?

I am going to school tomorrow.或者I will go to school tomorrow.其实呢,这两句完全是没有错的,也就是说在表示将来的这个概念中,其实并没有太大的区别,但注意了,没太大的区别,不等于没有区别,比如这个be about to,如果你是想表达一种“义务”,“应该”的意思:e.g.No one is to leave the building. 谁也不得离开这楼房。You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你必须十点以前回来。那就最好不要用别的了,你体会一下,如果说:You are going to be back by 10 o'clock.你不觉得有点怪吗?再说一下,be going to一般都是指客观

的,非主观的,比如It is going to rain.要下雨了,这是一定会发生的,而will呢,通常是指主观的,比如说I will call you later.

be about to 即将发生的动作,指眼皮底下就要发生的事情(对了,一般是不跟时间状语的)e.g.Look,the train is about to leave!

be doing是用一般进行时表示将来是,当然只有某些动词可以这样,其实你仔细想一想,be going to中的 go,不就正是这样吗?此外还有,

come,arrive,stay,leave,move...

e.g.I'm leaving for Japan.(我要去日本了)

现在完成进行时专题(含答案)

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英语现在完成时态讲解学习资料

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初中现在完成进行时总结

现在完成进行时 1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。 2 现在完成进行时的构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成 3 现在完成进行时的基本句型 肯定式I/We have been working. 疑问式Have you been working? 简略回答Yes,I/we have. No,I/we haven't. 肯定式He/She/It has been working. 疑问式Has he/she/it been working? 简略回答Yes,he/she/it has. No,he/she/it hasn't. 4 现在完成时的用法 1)在强调动作还未结束,还要继续下去。如:I've been reading this book for two hours,but I haven't finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了,但我还没读完。 I've read this book.我已读完这本书了。 2)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 3)现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。 We've been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们经常见面。 5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较: We've been living here for ten years. We've lived here for ten years.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。 2)在不用时间状语的情况下,现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。如: The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。 The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试作了准备。 3)有些表示状态,感情,感觉的动词如:have,exist,like,hate,hear,know,sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时,但可用于现在完成时。如: They've known each other since 1970. 自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。 练习: 1. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. — I think so. He ________ for it for months.) A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked 3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 5. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 6. —I have got a headache. —No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.

高三英语过去完成时专题训练答案及解析

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现在完成时趣味讲解

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Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如:

时态 现在完成时

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现在完成时态讲解及练习

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二、现在完成时标志词: recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段;in the past few years; ever since; in the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just already (已经): 用于肯定句 I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚)

高考英语过去完成时真题汇编(含答案)含解析

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