虚拟语气(二)

虚拟语气（二）哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语请看下面的有关考题：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. willobey D. would obey此题应选 B。

一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special pla ne. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。

注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”，从句多指尚未实现的想法，谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语用陈述语气：I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。

I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。

2. suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟误气; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气()：She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。

Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。

有关虚拟语气的几点重要说明一、错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。

如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。

二、含蓄虚拟条件句所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。

如：To hear him talk，you'd think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。

Without your help，I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。

三、连用虚拟语气的几个固定表达有三个表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表达，它们总是连用虚拟语气，它们是 but for, if it were not for, it it hadn’t been for。

如(from )：But for your help we would have been late. 幸亏你帮忙，要不我们就迟到了。

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded.要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。

四、虚拟语气的省略与倒装有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略，而将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。

如：Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙，我现在不会干得这样好。

Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里，我就会问她这个问题。

两个常考虚拟语气句型一、句型介绍这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。

如：If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for Ruth. 若不是有鲁思你不会有任何成就。

If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他，他就会死了。

If it hadn’t been for Mary, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛丽，我可能还不理解。

二、与but for, without等替换这两个句型有时可用but for, without等替换。

如：要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.三、时间上的同与异原则上说，if it weren’t [wasn’t] for用于谈论现在的情况，而if it hadn’t been for用于谈论过去的情况。

但实际上if it weren’t [wasn’t] for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况：If it weren’t for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们是克服不了的。

四类省略的虚拟条件句型一、省略连词if有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

【注】①若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。

②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。

(=If I had time…)二、省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。

(=If it had been repaired earlier…)三、省略“it+be”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。

(=If it was necessary, I would…)四、省略整个条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。

(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)虚拟语气典型考题10例1.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “It’s time you________. ”A. DoB. didC. hadD. would2.“I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you________. ”A.Don’tB.hadn’tC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t3.It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow.A.can’t getB.won’t getC.hadn’t gotD.wouldn’t get4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ________ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on6. I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to you now.A. will showB. would showC. am going to showD. am showing7.—Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s me eting?—I would have but I ________ too busy working on the important experiment.A. had beenB. wasC. wereD. am8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what9. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ________ put forward are turned down.A. couldB. wouldC.不填D. had10. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be答案与解析:1. B。