Book9Unit2period1WarmingupandReading

Book 9 Unit2 period 1 Warming up and ReadingⅠ. Teaching aimsBy the end of the class,students will be able to1. gain interest in navigation and sea exploration;2. learn discovery and exploration of an unknown land;3. gain reading speed and reading skills and learn how to use the new words and phrases in the text.Ⅱ. Teaching methods1. By skimming and scanning, help students grasp the basic structure and main idea of the passage.2. Elicitation, discussion, listening, pair work.Ⅲ. Teaching ProceduresStep1 pre-readinglook at the pictures and answer the questions1. How do you think seaman found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?2. Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?Step2 Fast readingPage1 to get the general idea1. Using _________2. Using__________ing __________4. Using___________Using nature1. To find the ship’s position at sea a sailor used _______________________.2. A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw __________________________________________________ .3. Sailors used ______________________________ to increase their speed.Page2 to get the general idea and then answer the questions.1. Using navigational instruments(1). Finding longitude ________________(2). Finding latitude _______________, __________________, __________________, __________________2. Read the passage and answer the following questions.(1)What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( )(2)What is the use of a compass? ( )A. to set the course of the shipB. to measure the position of the shipC. to measure the speed of the shipD. to tell the time3. There were two methods to find longitude:(1).___________________________ (2). ____________________________________________________ 4. Write down the working principles of the following instruments:Bearing circle:Astrolabe:Quadrant:Sextant:Step3 Careful reading (Page2)1. Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?2. Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?3.Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(1). An early method of calculating longitude was to use a knotted rope tied to a log.(2). The astrolabe was the first instrument to measure the sun’s position.(3). The quadrant was more precise and simplified than the astrolabe, but still had its shortcoming.(4). Up till now, the most accurate and reliable navigational instrument is the sextant.(5). The astrolabe, quadrant and sextant are different kinds of navigational instruments and they have nothing to do with each other.Step4 listen to the tape and fill in the blanks for a summary.1. Seamen explored the oceans by using _______ and navigational ___________.2. Using nature navigators could keep alongside the ________, use such celestial bodies as North Star to ______their positions, as the sun overhead to ________ by, as clouds over islands to indicate land close by.3. Wildlife, especially _______ could tell how far or close the ship was to land and _______ could be used to showthe way. Fog could help identify the _______ of a stream or river and winds direct the sailing. Certain tides and currents could be used to carry ships to the ___________.4. Navigational instruments helped the sailor to find ___________. They used the compass to calculate longitudeand find the ________ for the ship to go.5. The _____________ was the first instrument to measure the sun’s position.6. The astrolabe could tell the position of the ______ in relation to the ______ and stars.7. The quadrant measured how high stars were above the _______ and the sextant was the updated version of theastrolabe and quadrant, measuring the _______ between two fixed objects outside the ship. It _______ to be the most accurate and reliable of the earlier ____________ instruments.Step5 DiscussionSuppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:1.What skills would you seek in your sailors?2.What problems would you anticipate for this journey?Ⅳ. Self-assessment_________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________。