中级班文本1~24知识讲解
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中级经济基础知识冲刺班讲义
第一部分经济学基础【本部分近年考情】
【本部分考点串讲】
第1章市场需求、供给和均衡价格
【本章考情分析】
【本章重要考点】
1.需求和供给的含义
2.决定需求和供给的因素
3.需求曲线及供给曲线
4.均衡价格模型的运用
5.需求价格弹性、需求交叉弹性、需求收入弹性及供给价格弹性【本章考点串讲】
考点一:需求和供给的含义
考点二:影响需求和供给的因素
(1)替代品价格变化对于商品需求的影响(煤气为电的替代品)
(2)互补品价格变化对于商品需求的影响(汽油为汽车的互补品)
【例题:单选题】当两种商品中一种商品的价格发生变动时,这两种商品的需求量都同时增加或减少,则这两种商品是()
A 互补品
B 替代品
C 高档品
D 低档品
【答案】A
【解析】通过本题理解替代品互补品价格变化对需求的影响以及产品本身价格变化对需求的影响。
考点三:需求曲线及供给曲线
【例题:多选题】以纵轴代表价格、横轴代表产量绘制某种农产品的需求曲线和供给曲线。
假设其他条件不变,当生产成本上升、消费者偏好增强时,在坐标图上就表现为这种农产品的()。
A.供给曲线将向左移动
B.需求曲线将向左移动
C.需求曲线将向右移动
D.供给曲线将向右移动
E. 需求曲线不动
【答案】AC【解析】本题考核需求曲线及供给曲线的位移。
由于价格以外的其他因素如成本变动引起供给的相应变动,这种变动表现为供给曲线的位移。
当产品价格不变,生产成本增加时会导致供给量下降,从而导致供给曲线向左平移。
爱秀中级班文本
感谢您选择爱秀中级班,使用我们的课程,让您的英语水平得到提高,接下来,我们将向您介绍本班级的教学安排和内容。
教学安排:
本班级的教学时间为两个月,每周有三次授课,每次课程时长为两小时。
我们将根据您的基础水平和目标进行个性化教学,结合听说读写四项
英语技能和语法、词汇知识的学习和运用,帮助您轻松提高英语水平。
课程内容:
1.语法基础
掌握英语语法是学好英语的必备基础,我们会重点讲解常用的时态、
语态、语气、句型等语法知识,并教授应用技巧,帮助您在实践中掌握语
法的正确运用。
2.词汇积累
英语中有许多表达方式,通过词汇的积累,可以更好地理解和运用英语。
我们将根据需求,进行词汇积累,让您更好地运用单词和短语,加强
您的交流能力。
3.听力提高
听力是英语学习的重要部分,我们将为您提供大量的听力材料和模拟题,让您在多样化的语境中梳理提高您的听力水平。
4.口语和发音
口语和发音是英语学习的难点,我们将通过多种教学方法,如录音、口语训练等,帮助您感受语音的韵律,纠正发音错误,提升您的口语表达能力。
5.阅读和写作
阅读和写作是英语学习的重要组成部分,我们将为您提供适合水平的阅读材料和写作练习,提高您的阅读理解和写作能力,并帮助您掌握文章结构、篇章连贯和语言表达能力。
总之,我们的课程将全方位的提高您的英语水平,我们的教学团队拥有丰富的教学经验,能够针对不同学生的需求,进行有针对性的教学。
相信通过我们的共同努力,您的英语水平一定会迈上新的台阶,获得更多的机会和发展。
【最新整理,下载后即可编辑】I-show 中级班文本Intermediate 1-1M:Oh, I’m really sorry, are you OK?W:I’m fine, but I’M not very good at this.M:Neither am I, say are you from south America? Did you grow up there?W:Yes, I did, but my family moved here 8years ago when I was in high school.M:And where did you learn the rollerblade?W:Here in the park, this is only my second time.M:Well, it’s my first time, can you give me some lessons?W:Sure, just follow me.M:By the way, my name is Ted.W:And I’m Anna, nice to meet you.Intermediate 1-2M:Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson!W:No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do? M:I work in a travel agency.W:Really! What do you do here?M:I’m in charge of their computers.W:Oh, so you’re computer specialist.M:Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.W:That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I’m taking.M:Oh, sure~ But only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.W:It’s a deal!Intermediate 2W1:Where are you from originally, Yu Hong?W2:I’m from China~ from near Shanghai.W1:And when did you move here?W2:I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.W1:And what do you do now?W2:I’m a transportation engineer.W1:I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United States.W2:Yes, that’s right.W1:What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.?W2:Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of thebiggest difficulty is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends, but that’snot the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit relatives. It isn’t the samehere.W1:And what did you miss the most from home?W2:Oh, that’s easy: my mom’s soup! She makes great soup! I really miss my mother’s cooking.Intermediate 3-1M:Hey! Are these pictures of you when you were a kid?W:Yeah! That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend twoweeks there every summer.M:Wow, I bet that was fun!W:Yeah. We always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach.I had a great shell collection. In fact, I think it’s still up in the attic! M:Hey, I used to collect shells, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out!Intermediate 3-2M:You know what I remember most about growing up?W:What?M:Visiting my grandparent’s house. You know, on holidays and stuff. They lived way out of thecountry, and my granddad had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to ride. I just love thathorse-and she loved me, too! I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’ house.And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.W:Ah, memories!Intermediate 4-1W:Why is there never a bus when you want one?M:Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.W:Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.M:Good idea. You should say that we need more subway lines, too. W:Yeah, there should be more public transportation in general.M:And fewer cars! There’re too much traffic.W:Say, is that our bus coming?M:Yes, it is. But, look, it’s full.W:Oh,no! Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.Intermediate 4-2M:So, are you really going to write a letter to the paper?W:Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They’re too old. We need more modernbuses~ nice air conditioned ones.M:And they need to put more buses on the road.W:Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.M:That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking spacedowntown these days.W:I think they should ban private cars downtown between nine and five.M:Oh, you mean they should allow any cars except taxis and buses during regular workday?M:Hmm~ That sounds like a really good idea.Intermediate 5-1W:Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is?M:There’s one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.W:Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?M:It shouldn’t be open now. It opens at 8 a.m.W:Good. And can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city? M:You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.W:OK. And one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom is?M:Right behind you, ma’am. See that sign?W:Oh, thanks a lot.Intermediate 5-2W:Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information-if you don’t mind.M:Not at all.W:Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city?M:Well, it depends on the traffic, of course. But it usually costs about $40.W:$40? I guess I’ll take the bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could Ifind an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place? M:Go upstairs and turn right. You’ll see the snack bar on your left. W:Thanks very much. Have a nice day!M:You, too.Intermediate 6M:Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. Forexample, motorists must buy a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown businessdistrict. They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on theirwindshield. Another thing Singapore has done is to make it difficult to buy cars. People have toapply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited. Noteveryone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars. So it costs three or four times as much tobuy a car in Singapore as it does in, say, the United States or Canada. The other thing Singaporehas done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of thebest in the world. And there is also a very good and taxi and bus system.Intermediate 7M:What do you think?W1:Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment. And the living room is huge.W2:But the bedrooms are too small. And there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.M:And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.W1:But that apartment was dark and dingy. And it was in a dangerous neighborhood.M:Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us. Well, how do you like thisplace, then?W2:Oh, it’s much better than that other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are huge!W1:Yes, they are nice and big.W2:And they are two bathrooms! I could have my own bathroom!W1:Yes, I guess you could.W2:The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like those dark green walls.M:Oh, I’m we can change the color if we want to.Intermediate 8-1M:Creative Rentals. Good morning.W:Hello. I’m calling the apartment you have for rent.M:Yes, what can I tell you about it?W:Where is it exactly?M:It’s on King Street, just off the freeway.W:Oh, near the freeway. Can you hear the traffic?M:Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has lots of space. It has three bedroomsand a very large living room.W:I see. And is it in a new building?M:Well, the building is about 50 years old.W:Uh-huh. Well, I’ll think about it.M:OK, thanks for calling.W:Thank you. Bye.Intermediate 8-2W:Hello?M:Hello. Is the apartment you’re advertising still available?W:Yes, it is.M:Can you tell me a little about it?W:Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It’s one room witha kitchen at one end.M:I see. And is it far away from the subway?W:There’s subway station just down the street. Actually, the apartment is located rightdowntown., so you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurant everywhere. Butit’s on a high floor, so you don’t hear any street or traffic noise. M:It’s sounds just like the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it, please.W:Sure, let me give you the address.Intermediate 9-1M:Yeah, I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same thing for over five years now, and I’mjust learning anything new. It’s the same routine every day, and I’m really sick of sitting in front ofthe computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I want to be in a profession thatinvolves meeting people.Intermediate 9-2W:I really need to join a club or sports team to give me something to do on weekends. I get reallybored on the weekends. And if I joined a club, I’d probably get to meet people and make newfriends.Intermediate 9-3M:I should take a typing course this summer. I really need it for my school work. And people saythat if you can type really well, it’s something you’ll find useful later in life.Intermediate 9-4W:Gosh, I really have to go on a diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year, and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summerclothes.Intermediate 10-1M1:So, where are you working now, Terry?M2:Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it, though.M1:That’s too bad. Why not?M2:Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.M1:I know what you mean. I don’t like my job, either. I wish I could find a better job.M2:Actually, I don’t want to work at all anymore. I wish I had a lot of money so I could retire now.M1:Hmm, how old are you?M2:Uh, twenty-six.Intermediate 10-2M1:So, how are things going with you and Susie, Terry?M2:Oh, you didn’t know? She and I broke up a couple month ago. We decided we needed abreak from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again.M1:I’m sure you will.M2:I’m really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look for?M1:I’m not sure, but I’d love something that would involve travel. And I’d really like to move toanother city. I’m sick of this place. I need to live somewhere more exciting.M2:I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.Intermediate 11-1W:Hey, this sounds good, snails with garlic! Have you ever eaten snails?M:No, I haven’t.W:Oh, there are delicious! I had them last time. Like to try some? M:No, thanks, they sounds strange.W2(waitress):Have you decided on an appetizer yet?W:Yes, I’ll have the snails, please.W2:And you, sir?M:I think I’ll have the fried brains.W:Fried brains? Now that really sounds strange!Intermediate 11-2W:Oh, good, here comes the waitress now!W2:Here are your snails, madam. And for you, sir~ the fried brains. M:Thank you.W:Mmm, the snails are delicious! How are the brains?M:Well, I think they’re~ yuck! Oh, sorry, I guess brains are pretty strange after all. Um, I think I’mgoing to order something else, if you don’t mind.W:Oh, sure. Go ahead.M:Miss! Excuse miss!W2:Yes?M:Uh, I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something else?W2:Yes, of course. What would you like instead?W:Try the snails.M:No, I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget an appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juicyhamburger~ medium rare~ with French fries and a large soda. Intermediate 11-3W1:Have you finished with this?M1:No, I’m still drinking it, thanks.M2:Did you order this?W2:Yes, that’s mine. Mmm, it looks great and smells delicious!M3:Don’t you like it?W3:I haven’t tasted it yet. I’m waiting for the waitress to bring me a fork.M4:Did you enjoy it?W4:Well, it was a little tough. I think it was cooked for too long.W5:How is it?M5:Great. Just the way I like it: black and strong.M6:Your turn or mine?M7:It’s my treat this tine. You paid last time. Remember? Intermediate 13-1W1:I’m so excited, we have two weeks off! What are you going to do?W2:I’m not sure. I guess I’ll stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up my reading. What about you? Any plans?W1:Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.W2:Sounds great!W1:Say, why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.W2:Do you mean it? I’d love to!Intermediate 13-2M:Have you planed anything for the summer, Brenda?W:Yeah. I’m going to work the first month and save some money. Then I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadalajara. She says it’s really interestingthere, so I want to go and see what it’s like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it. Intermediate 13-3W1:So, what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy?W2:Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year.W1:You know, I went to Hawaii last year, and stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year, I’m going white-water rafting!W2:Oh, that sounds great. But what is it, exactly?W1:Oh, well, you know. It’s in Colorado. They have all these trips down the rapids. The water gets really rough, but I think it’ll be really exciting.W2:Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too. And you call that a vacation?Intermediate 14-1M:Hi, I’m your new neighbor, George Rivera. I lived in the next door.W:Oh, hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.M:So, you just moved in? Do you need anything?W:Not right now, but thanks.M:Well, let me know if you do. Um, by the way, would you mind turning your stereo down? Thewalls are really thin, so the sound goes right through to my apartment.W:Oh, I’m sorry, I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, isthere a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhood?M:Yeah, there’s a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try their lasagna. It’s delicious!Intermediate 14-2M:Hello, I’m sorry to bother you, but I think your car is parked in my space downstairs.W:Really?M:Yes, do you drive a blue Honda?W:Yes, I do.M:Well, there’s blue Honda parked in space 13 and that’s my space. W:Oh, I’m so sorry. My son must have put it in the wrong space. Ours is the one right next toyours- number 12. Let get my keys, and I’ll go right down and move the car.M:Thanks.W:And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.M:I appreciate it.Intermediate 15-1M1:Jason~ Jason! Turn down the TV a little, please.M2:Oh, but this is my favorite program!M1:I know, but it’s very loud.M2:OK, I’ll turn it down.M1:That’s better, thanks.W1:Lisa, please pick up your things. They’re all over the living room floor.W2:In a minute, Mom, I’m on the phone.W1:OK, but do it as soon as you hang up.W2:Sure.No problem.W1:Goodness! Were we like this when we were kids?M1:Definitely!Intermediate 15-2M:Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He’s always forgetting where his car keys are. Itdrives me crazy.W:And he can never find his glasses either.M:I know.W:You know what drives me crazy about Mom?M:What?W:Those awful talk shows she watches on TV. She just love them. M:Yeah, I think she watches them for hours everyday.W:Oh, well~ I guess they’re just getting old. I hope I never get like that.M:Me, too. Hey, let’s go and play a video game.W:Great idea. By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere? Intermediate 16-1M:Did you know next week is Halloween? It’s on October 31st. W:So what do you do on Halloween? We don’t have that holiday in Russia.M:Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors andask for candy by saying the words ‘TRICK OR TREAT’.W:Hmm. Sounds interesting.M:But it’s not just for kids. Lots of people have costume parities. Hey, my friend Pete is having aparty. Would you like to go?W:Sure, I’d love to.Intermediate 16-2W:So are we going to wear costumes to the party?M:Of course. That’s half the fun. Last year I rented this great Dracula costume, and this year I’mgoing as a clown.W:A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.M:Hey!W:Oh, I’m just kidding. What about me? What kind of costume should I wear?M:Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific which outfit at the costume store.W:A witch~ yeah, that’s a good idea. So after I scare people, you can make them laugh.Intermediate 17W1:You look beautiful in that kimono, Mari. Is this your wedding photo?W2:Yesa, it is.W1:Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married? W2:Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually changes into aWestern bridal dress during the reception.W1:Oh, I didn’t know that. Did you get married in a church, Mari? W2:No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.W1:Oh, a shrine~W2:Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional Shinto ceremony. W1:Hmm. And who went to the ceremony?W2:Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony~ You know, our parents,grandparents, brothers and sisters~W1:And what about the reception? What was that like?W2:Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception~ about 100 people. And the first thingthat happened was that the main guests gave formal speeches.W1:Speeches?W2:Yes, and then after that, all the guess were served a formal meal. While everyone was eatingand drinking. Lots of other guests gave short speeches or sang songs. Some of the speeches werefunny.W1:Sounds like fun!W2:Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during the wedding reception.And then, at the end of the reception, each guest received a present for coming to the wedding.W1:A present from the bride and groom?W2:Yes, it’s a Japanese custom.W1:What a nice custom!Intermediate 19-1M:I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I want to do with my life.Have you thought about it, Brenda?W:Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.M:Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative. And I like working with kids.W:Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatient.M:I know one thing I could never do.W:What’s that?M:I could never be a stockbroker, because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.Intermediate 19-2W:My history professor says I should think about a career in politics. But I don’t think I’d make agood politician.M:Why not, Brenda?W:Oh, you know me, I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people-You know, like givingspeeches and things. And politicians have to speak in public all the time.M:That’s true. You know, that reminds me of a problem I’m having.W:What is it?M:Yoou know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well, my father wants me tobe the manager.W:And you don’t want to?M:No, not at all. I’d be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.Intermediate20-1Intermediate 20-2W(Tour guide):Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top. In caseyou’re wondering what the statue is made of. It has a framework inside that’s made of iron; Theouter skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only2.4 millimeters thick. The supportingframework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together. The Statue of Liberty is amajor tourist attraction, and every about two million people from all over the world come hereto visit it.Intermediate 21-1M:How did you get into modeling, Stacy?W:Well, when I graduated from drama school, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as anactress. I was going to auditions every day, but I never got any parts. And I was running out ofmoney.M:So, what did you do?W:I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. While I was working there, a customer offeredme some work as a model. Within a few weeks, I was modeling full time.M:Wow, what a lucky break!Intermediate 21-2W:So, Richard, what did you do after you graduated?M:Well, I majored in English literature in college.W:Uh-huh.M:So, when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.W:Oh, really?M:Yeah. See. I’ve written a novel. And I’ve sent to eight different publishers, but they all, uh,rejected it. Say, would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right with me. W:Well, I’d love to read it, Richard~ but not right now. Uh, so do you have a job anything?M:Oh, yes. I’m in sales.W:Oh,! Where?M:Actually, I’m a sales clerk in a hardware store, but when my novel sales, I know I’ll be the bestselling author and I’ll make lots of money.Intermediate 22-1M:Hey, Joan! I haven’t seen you in ages. What have you been doing lately?W:Nothing exciting. I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.M:How come?W:I’m saving the money for a trip Europe.M:Well, I’ve only been spending money. I quit my job to the graduate school. I’m studyingjournalism.W:Really? How long have you been doing that?M:For two years, luckily, I finish next month. I’m almost out of money.Intermediate 22-2W:Hey, Bob, how’s it going?M:Pretty good, thanks.W:I haven’t seen you for a while. What have you been up to?M:Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy. I finally found one last month. I’ll move in nextweek.W:Gee, that’s terrific.M:Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with landlords. So what have youbeen doing lately?W:Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.M:Italy? Where about in Italy?W:Mostly in the north, around Milan. I have a cousin up there.M:I see, did you have a good time?W:Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there. M:You’re kidding! Well, that must have been some vacation! Intermediate 23W:Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.M:So why don’t you quit?W:Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!M:A lot of people do, but~W:And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes! M:Well, you can always go on a diet.W:Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight diets. So if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job, and~M:Listen, it is hard to quit, but it’s not that hard. Do you want to know how I did it? Well, givingup smoking isn’t really as hard as you think. I managed to do it, so it can’t be that difficult. Youshould try nicotine gun. You chew it just regular chewing gun, and you don’t feel like smoking.W:Well, I guess it’s worth a try.Intermediate 24-1W:Welcome to A Night at the Movies! I’m Pauline Kahn~M:And I’m Colin Hale. Good evening!W:Tonight we’re going to review the new James Bond film. Well, I really liked this new JamesBond actor very, very much!M:Mm-hmm.W:He’s the best actor they’re ever had in the role-warm, human, even funny. A totallybelievable character.M:I have to agree, a perfect double-oh- seven type. Pauline, what do you think of the story?W:It was a standard story for a Bond movie~ Uh, the usual beautiful women, the usual evil villain-nothing new.M:Well, I’m surprised. I have to say that I thought the story was unusually good. The race carscenes were exciting , and the surprise ending was great.W:Well, I can’t agree with you there!Intermediate 24-2M:Well, what do you think about the photography?W:I was not very impresses at all by the photography. Everything looks fake, not real. I can’tbelieve it was actually filmed in Africa where the story took place. M:I can’t believe you! I haven’t seen such good photography in a long time, especially in theaction scenes.W:Now that brings up another weakness in the film, the special effects. Again, it just the sameold stuff~ the car that flies, the pen that’s really a gun. You get tired of that kind of thing.M:I’d hardly think you and I saw the same movie, Pauline. I have to say that the special effectswere the best ever in a Bond film. For example, the scene where ~ W:Excesu me, Colin. We’re going to have to break for a commercial. M:You’re right, Pauline. We’ll be right back with our ratings. Intermediate 25M:Look at this. Some guy found $750,000! He returned it and the owner thanked him with aphone call.W:You’re kidding! If I found $750,000, I wouldn’t return it so fast. M:Why? What would you do?W:Well, I’d go straight to Las Vegas, and try my luck in the casinos. I could double the money in aday and keep $750,000 for myself.M:You might also lose it all in a day. And then you could go to jail. W:Hmm, you’ve got a point there.Intermediate 28W1:How do you like your new boss?M1:She’s OK. I just wish she’d learn to lighten up a little.W1:What do you mean?M1:Oh, she never enjoys a joke. She never laughs, it’s hard to even get a smile out of her.M2:Look what Mary gave me! Isn’t this a great book?W2:Yeah, it is! Mary’s so sweet. She’s always giving her friends and co-workers presents. I wish there were more people like her in this world.W3:What do you think of the new French teacher?M3:Well, she’s kind of strange. She’s in good mood one minute and in a terrible mood the next.M4:Hey, what’s wrong?W4:I’m fed up with my brother! It seems as if he’s always angry at me about something.M4:Really?W4:Yeah. He gets upset so easily. I don’t what’s the matter with him.。
中级实务每章重点知识点总结中级实务每章重点知识点总结中级实务是会计从业资格考试中的重要科目之一,该科目主要涉及企业会计实务的具体操作和实施。
通过学习中级实务,可以使学生更好地掌握会计实务操作的技能,并为日后从事会计工作打下坚实的基础。
在中级实务的学习过程中,各章节的内容都非常重要,而这些内容的理解和掌握对于考试和实际工作都具有重要意义。
下面将对中级实务每章的重点知识点进行总结,以帮助考生加深对学习内容的理解和记忆。
第一章:企业会计的基本规定本章主要介绍了企业会计的基本概念、任务和原则。
其中,会计要素、会计等式、会计等式变动规则、会计基本假设以及会计要求都是该章的重点内容。
第二章:固定资产与无形资产的会计处理该章主要介绍了固定资产和无形资产的初期确认、后续计量和处置等方面的会计处理。
其中,对固定资产和无形资产的会计确认、折旧方法、资产减值准备计提和处置等是重点内容。
第三章:投资性房地产的会计处理本章主要围绕投资性房地产的会计确认、证券化和处置等方面的处理展开。
学生应重点理解投资性房地产的概念、衡量目标、计量方法和会计政策等内容。
第四章:丧失控制的子公司的会计处理该章节主要介绍了丧失控制的子公司的会计处理,内容涉及到对已经丧失控制的子公司的资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用和利润等方面的处理方法。
第五章:财务报表的编制本章主要介绍了财务报表的编制方法和规定。
学生要着重理解财务报表的要素、编制格式和披露要求等方面的内容。
第六章:财务报表的调整与合并该章节主要围绕财务报表的调整和合并进行阐述。
其中,独立财务报表和合并财务报表的调整方法、重要调整项目和合并工作纪律都是重点内容。
第七章:企业所得税的会计处理本章主要介绍企业所得税的会计处理,学生需重点理解企业应交税和递延所得税等概念、计算方法和会计处理方法。
第八章:财务会计报告与分析该章主要讲述了财务会计报告和财务分析的基本概念和方法。
学生需要关注财务会计报告的格式、内容和质量要求,以及财务分析的方法和目的等方面的内容。
Man: On, I’m really sorry. Are you OKWoman: I’m fine. But I’m not very good at this.Man: Neither am I. Say, are you from south AmericaWoman: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina.Man: Did you grow up thereWoman: Yes, I did. But my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Man: And where did you learn the rollerbladeWoman; Here in the park. This is only my second time.Man: Well, it’s my first time. Can you give me some lessonsWoman: Sure, just follow meMan: By the way. My name is Ted.Woman: And I’m Anna. Nice to meet you.Man: Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson.Woman: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you doMan: I work in a travel agency.Woman: Really What do you do thereMan: I’m in charge of their computers.Woman: Oh, so you’re a computer specialistMan: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.Woman: That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with the computer courses I’m taking.Man: Oh, sure, but only if promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Woman: Hmm…It’s a deal.第二篇Reporter: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong.Yu Hong: I’m from China, from near Shanghai.Reporter: And when did you move here.Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.Reporter: And what do you do nowYu Hong: I’m a transportation engineer.Reporter: I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United StateYu Hong: Yes, that’s right.Reporter: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the USYu Hong: Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of the most difficulties is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends. But that’s not the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit the relatives. It isn’t the same here.Reporter: And what do you miss the most from homeYu Hong: Oh, that’s easy. My mom’s soup. She makes great soup. I really miss my mother’s第三篇Man: Hey, are these pictures of you when you were a kidWoman: Yeah. That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer.Man: Wow, I bet that was fun.Woman: Yes, we always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach. I had a great shell collection. In fact, I think it still up the attic.Man: Hey, I used to collect shell, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out.You know what I remember most about growing upWoman: WhatMan: Visiting my grandparents’ house. You know on holidays and staff. They lived way out in the country, and my grandda had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to right. I just love that horse, and she loves me, too. I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’ house. And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.Woman: Uh…memories.第四篇Woman: Why is there never a bus when you want oneMan: Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.Woman: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.Man: Good idea. We should say that we need more subway lines, too.Woman: Yes, there should be more public transportation in general.Man: And fewer cars. There is too much traffic.Woman: Say, is that our bus comingMan: Yes, it is. But look, it’s full.Woman: Oh, no. Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write. Man: So, are you really going to write a paper to the paperWoman: Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They are too old. We need more modern buses, nice air-conditioned ones.Man: And they need to put more buses on the road.Woman: Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.Man: That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.Woman: I think they should private cars downtown these days between nine and five.Man: Oh, you mean they should n’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular the workday. Hmm…that sounds like really a good idea.第五篇Woman: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank isMan: There is one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.Woman: Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opensMan: It should be open now. It opens at 8:00 am.Woman: Good, and can you tell me how often the buses leave for the cityMan: You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.Woman: Ok, and just one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom isMan: Right behind you m’am, see that signWoman: Oh, thanks a lot.Woman: Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information if you don’t mind. Man: Not at all.Woman: Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the cityMan: Well, it depends on the traffic of course. But it usually costs about 40 dollars.Woman: Forty dollars I guess I’ll take a bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport Maybe a fast-food place.Man: Go upstairs, and turn right, you’ll see a snack bar on your left.Woman: Thanks very much. Have a nice day.Man: You, too.第六篇Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example, motorists must by a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to by cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited, not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars. So it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore, as it does in say United State or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.第七篇Father: What do you thinkMother: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment . And the living room is huge. Daughter: But the bedrooms are too small, and there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes. Father: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.Mother: But that apartment was dark and dingy, and it was in the dangerous neighborhood. Father: Let’s see if the real restate agent has something else to show us.Agent: Well, how do you like this place, thenDaughter: Oh, it’s much better than other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are huge.Mother: Yes, they are nice and big.Daughter: And there are two bathrooms. I can have my own bathroom.Mother: Yes, I guess you could.Daughter: The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like the dark green wall. Father: Oh, I’ sure we can change the color if we want to.第八篇Man: Creative Rental. Good morning.Woman: Hello, I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.Man: Yes, what can I tell you about itWoman: Where is it exactlyMan: It’s on King Street, just off the free-way.Woman: Oh, near the free-way. Can you hear the trafficMan: Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has a lot of space, It has three bedrooms and a very large living room.Woman: I see. And is it on a new buildingMan: Well, the building is about fifty years old.Woman: Uh-ha…well, I’ll think about it.Man: Ok, thanks for calling.Woman: Thank you, bye.Woman: Hello.Man: Hello, is the apartment you are advertising is still availableWoman: Yes, it is.Man: Can you tell me a little about it.Woman: Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It one room with kitchen at one end. Man: I see, and is it far away from the subwayWoman: There is a subway station just down the street. Actually, the apartment is located right downtown. So you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurant everywhere. But it’s on high floor. So you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.Man: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it, please. Woman: Sure, let me give you the address.第九篇Yeah, I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same things for over five years old, and I’m just not learning anything new. It’s the same routine everyday, and I’m really sick of sitting in front ofthe computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I wana be in a profession that involve meeting people.I really need to join in a club or sports team to give me something to do on the weekends. I get really bored on the weekends. And if join in a club, I probably get to meet people and make new friends.I should take a typing course this summer. I really need it for my school work. And people say that if you can type really well, it’s something you’ll find useful later in life.Gosh, I really have to go on diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.第十篇Friend: So where are you working now TerryTerry: Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it though.Friend: That’s too bad. Why notTerry: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.Friend: I know what you mean. I don’t like my job either. I wish I could find a better job.Terry: Actually, I don’t wana work at all any more. I wish I had a lot of money, So I could retire now.Friend: Hmm…how old are you, TerryTerry: Umm..twenty-six.Friend: So how are things going with you and Susie, TerryTerry: Oh, you didn’t know. She and I broke up for a couple of moths ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again. Friend: I’m sure you will.Terry: I really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look forFriend: I’m not sure. But I love something that would involve travel. I really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place. I need to move to somewhere more exciting.Terry: I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.第十一篇Woman: Hey, this sounds good, snail with garlic. Have you ever eaten snailMan: No, I haven’t.Woman: Oh, they are delicious. I had them last time. Like to try some.Man: No, thanks. They sound strange.Waitress: Have you decided on an appetizer yetWoman: Yes, I’ll have the snail.Waitress: And you sirMan: I think I’ll have the fried brains.Woman: Fried brains. Now that sounds really strange.Woman: Oh, good. Here comes the waitress now.Waitress: Here are your snail, madam. And for you sir, the fried brains.Man: Thanks.Woman: Hmm.. these snails are delicious. How are the brainsMan: Well. I think they are…yuck. On, sorry. I guess the brains are pretty strange after all. I think I need to order something else if you don’t mind.Woman: Sure, go ahead.Man: Miss, excuse me Miss.Waitress: YesMan: Uh…I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something elseWaitress: Of course, what would you like insteadWoman: Try the snails.Man: No, I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget the appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juice, hamburger, medium rare with French fries and a large soda.第十二幕Man: I’m so excited. We have two weeks off. What are you going to doWoman: I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading. What about you Any plansMan: Well, my parents had rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach everyday and do lots of swimming.Woman: Sounds great.Man: Say why don’t you come with us We have plenty of room.Woman: Do you mean it I’d love to.Man: Have you planned anything for the summer, BrendaWoman: Yeah, I’m going to work for the first month and save some money. Then, I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadahara. She says it’s really interesting there. So I want to go and see what is like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it.Woman: So what are you planning to do for your vacation, JudyJudy: Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year. You know I went to Hawaii last year and just stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year, I’m going white water rafting.Woman: Oh, sounds great. But what is it exactlyJudy: Oh, well, you know it’s in Colorado. They have all this trip down the rapids. The water gets really rough. But I think it will be really exciting. Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too. Woman: And you call that the vacation第十三幕Man: Hi, I’m your new neighbor, Gorge Rivera. I live next door.Woman: Oh, hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.Man: So you just moved in . Do you need anythingWoman: Not right now. But thanks.Man: Well, let me know if you do. Um…by the way , would you mind turning your stereo down. The walls are really thin, so the sounds go right through to my apartment.Woman: Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italy restaurant in the neighborhood.Man: Yeah, there is a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try the lazaniar, it’s delicious.Man: Hello, I’m sorry to bother you. But I think your car is parked in my space downstairs. Woman: ReallyMan: Yes, do you drive a blue HondaWoman: Yes, I do.Man: Well, there is a blue Hondo parked in space Thirteen, and that is my space.Woman: Oh, I’m so sorry. My son must have put it on the wrong space. Ours is the one right next to yours, number Twelve. Let me get my keys and I’ll go right down and move the car.Man: Thanks.Woman: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.Man: I appreciate it.第十四篇Farther: Jason, Jason, turn down the TV a little please.Jason: Oh, but is my favorite program.Farther: I know. But it’s very loud.Jason: Ok, I’ll turn it down.Farther: That’s better. Thanks.Mother: Lisa, please pick up your things. They are all over the living room floor.Lisa: In a minute mom I’m on the phone.Mother: Ok, but do it as soon as you hand up.Lisa: Sure, no problem.Mother: Goddess, were we like this when we were kidsFarther: Definitely.Jason: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting He is always forgetting where his car keys are. He drives me crazy.Lisa: And he can never find his glasses eitherJason: I know.Lisa: You know what drives me crazy about momJason: WhatLisa: Those awful talk shows she watches on the TV. She just loves them.Jason: Yeah, I think she watches them for hours everyday.Lisa: Oh, well. I guess they are just getting old. I hope I never get like that.Jason: Me too. Hey, let’s go and play the video game.Lisa: great idea. By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere第十五篇:Man: Did you know next week is Halloween. It’s on October 31st.Woman: So what do you do on Halloween. We don’t have that holiday in Russia.Man: Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words: Cheat or treat.Woman: Sounds interesting.Man: But is not only for kids. Lots of people have costume parties. Hey, my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to goWoman: Sure, I’d love to. So, are we going to wear a costume to the partyMan: Of course. That half the fun. Last year I rented this great dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.Woman: A clown Yes, you would make a good clown.Man: Hey…Woman: Oh, I’m just kidding. What about me What kind of costume should I wearMan:Why don’t you go as a witch I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store.Woman: A witch Yeah, that’s a good idea. So after I scare people, you can make them laughter. 第十六篇Woman1: You look beautiful in that kimono, Merry Is this your wedding photoWoman2:Yes, it is.Woman1: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get marriedWoman2: Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually change into a western bridal dress during the reception.Woman1: Oh, I didn’t know that. Did you get married in a church MerryWoman2: No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.Woman1: Oh, a shrine .Woman2: Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional shinto ceremony.Woman1: Hmm…and who went to the ceremonyWoman2:Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony. You know our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters.Woman1: And what about the reception. What was that likeWoman2: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception, about a hundred people. And the first thing that happen was that the main guests gave formal speeches.Woman1: SpeechesWoman2: Yes, and then after that, all the guests were served the formal meal. While everyone was eating and drinking, lots of other guests gave short speeches or sand songs. Some of the speeches were funny.Woman1: Sounds like fun.Woman2: Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during wedding reception. And then , each guest received a present for the coming to wedding.Woman1: A present from the bride and groomWoman2: Yes, it’s a Japanese costume.Woman1: What a nice costume.第十七篇Man: I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I wana to do with my life. Have you thought about it, Brenda.Woman: Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Man: Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative, and I like working with kids. Woman: Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatientMan: I know one thing I could never do.Woman: What’s thatMan: I could never be a star broker. Because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.Woman: My history profession says that I should think about the career in the politics. But I don’t I’ll make a good politician.Man: Why not, BrendaWoman: Oh, you know me. I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people. You know like giving speeches and things, and politicians have to speak in public all the time.Man: That’s true. You know that reminds me a problem I’m having.Woman: What is itMan: You know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right Well. My farther wants me to be a manager.Woman: And you don’t want toMan: No, not at all. I’ll be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.第十八篇Guide: We are now approaching the famous statue of liberty, which has welcome visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.Man1: Wow, look at this, incredible, isn’t itGuide: The statue was given to the United State by the people of French. It was designed by the French sculptor, Bartholdi.Man1: It’s really huge. Do we get to go insideMan2: Of course. We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.Man1: Stairs There is no elevatorMan2: Not to the top. But it’s only just a hundred forty-two steps.Guide: Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top, in case you’re wandering what the statue is made of. It has framework inside that’s made of iron. The outer skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole things together. The statue of liberty is a major tourist attraction. And every year, about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.第十九篇Man: How did you get into the modeling, StacyWoman: Well, when I graduated from Drama School, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions everyday, but I never get any part. And I was running out money.Man: So what did you doWoman: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. while I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within the few weeks, I was modeling full time.Man: Wow..ha…what a lucky break.Woman: So, Richard. What did you do after you graduatedMan: Well, I majored in English literature in college. So, when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.Woman: Oh, reallyMan: Yeah, see…I’ve written a novel and I sent it to eight different publishers, but they all…uh…rejected it. Say would you like to read it, Stacy I have it right here with me.Woman: Well, I’d love to read your literature, but not right now. Um…so do you have a job or anythingMan: Oh, yes. I’m in sales.Woman: Oh, whereMan: Actually, I’m a sale clerk in a hardware store. But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best selling author and I’ll make lots of money.第二十篇Man: Hey, Joan. I haven’t seen you in ages. What have you been doing latelyJoan: Nothing exciting. I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.Man: How comeJoan: I’m saving up money for a trip to Europe.Man: Well, I’ve only spending money. I quit my job to go to graduate school. I’m studying journalism.Woman: Really How long have you been doing that.Man: For two years. Luckily, I finish it next month. I’m almost out of money.Woman: Hey, Bob. How’s it goingBob: Pretty good. Thanks.Woman: I haven’t seen you for a while. What have you been up toBob: Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy. I finally found one last month and move in next week.Woman: Gee…that’s terrific.Bob: Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with the land lords. So what have you been doing lately Woman: Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.Man: Italy Whereabouts ItalyWoman: Mostly in the north around Milan. I have a cousin up there.Man: I see. Did you have a good timeWoman: Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.Man: You’re kidding. Well, that must be some vacation.第二十一篇Woman: Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.Man: So why don’t you quitWoman: Well, if I quit I might gain weight.Man: A lot of people do, but…Woman: And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes.Man: Well, you can always go on a diet.Woman: Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight on diets. So, if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job. And…Man: Listen! It’s hard to quit but it’s not hard. Do you wanna know how I did it Well, giving up smoking isn’t really as hard as you think. I managed to do it, so it can’t be that difficult. You should try nicotine gun. You chew it just like regular chewing gun, and don’t feel like smoking. Woman: Well, I guess it’s worth a try.第二十二篇Woman: Welcome to a night at the movies. I’m Pauling Con.Man: And I’m Colin Hale. Good evening.Woman: Tonight we are going to review the new James Bond film. Well, I really like this new James Bond at the very-very much.Man: Hmm…hmm..Woman: He’s the best actor they’ve ever had in the role, warm, human even funny. A totally believable character.Man: I have to agree. A perfect, double-o-seven type. Colin, what do you think of the story Woman: It was a standard story for a Bond movie, ugh…the usual beautiful women, the usual evil villain, nothing new.Man: Well, I’m surprised. I have to say that O thought the story was unusually good. The race car scene is exciting and the surprise ending was great.Woman: Well, I can’t agree with you there.Man: Well, what do you think about the photographyWoman: I was not very impressed at all by the photography. Everything looks fake, not real. I can’t believe it was actually filmed at Africa where the story took place.Man: I can’t believe you. I haven’t seen such good photography in a long time, especially in the action scene.Woman: Now that brings up another weakness in the film, the special effects. Again, it’s just the same old staff, the car that flies, the pen is really gum. You get tired of that kind of the thing. Man: I’d hardly think you and I saw the same movie, Pauling. I have to say the special effects were the best ever in the Bond film. For example, the scene will…Woman: Excuse me, Colin. We are going to have to break for a comer show.Man: You’re right Colin. We’ll be right back with our ratings.第二十三篇Man: Look at this. Some guy found $750000. He returned it and the owner thanked him with the phone call.Woman: You’re kidding. If I found $750000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.Man: Why What would you doWoman: Well, I’ll go straight to Los Vegas and try my luck in casinos. I could double the money in a day and keep $750000 for myself.Man: You might also lost it all in a day. And then you’d go the jail.Woman: Hmm…you got the point there. So what would you do if you found a lot of money. Man: Oh, you know me Kate. I’m so honest I scare myself sometimes. I’ll take the money straight to the police.Woman: I guess that wouldn’t be such a bad ideal. Maybe you’ll be luckier than the guy in the article. Maybe the owner of the money would give you a big reward.Man: Well, they say honesty pays, right第二十四篇Daughter: Hey, I wanna backpack around Europe this summer. What do you thinkMother: Backpack around Europe That sounds dangerous. You shouldn’t go by yourself. You out to go with some one.Daughter: Yes, I’ve thought of that.Mother: And you’d better talk your father.Daughter: I already did it. He thinks it’s a great idea. He wants to go with me.Woman: What are your plans for your summer, PaulMan: Oh, I’d love to go and lie on the beach somewhere. But I need to save some money for school. I think I’ll stay home and get a job.Woman: That doesn’t sound like much fun.Man: Oh, it won’t be too bad. Some of my friends are going to work this summer, too. So we’ll do some parties on the weekends.。
I-show 中级班文本Intermediate 1-1M:Oh, I’m really sorry, are you OK?W:I’m fine, but I’M not very good at this.M:Neither am I, say are you from south America? Did you grow up there?W:Yes, I did, but my family moved here 8years ago when I was in high school.M:And where did you learn the rollerblade?W:Here in the park, this is only my second time.M:Well, it’s my first time, can you give me some lessons?W:Sure, just follow me.M:By the way, my name is Ted.W:And I’m Anna, nice to meet you.Intermediate 1-2M:Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson!W:No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do?M:I work in a travel agency.W:Really! What do you do here?M:I’m in charge of their computers.W:Oh, so you’re computer specialist.M:Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.W:That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I’m taking. M:Oh, sure~ But only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.W:It’s a deal!Intermediate 2W1:Where are you from originally, Yu Hong?W2:I’m from China~ from near Shanghai.W1:And when did you move here?W2:I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.W1:And what do you do now?W2:I’m a transportation engineer.W1:I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United States.W2:Yes, that’s right.W1:What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.?W2:Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of the biggest difficulty is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends, but that’s not the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit relatives. It isn’t the same here.W1:And what did you miss the most from home?W2:Oh, that’s easy: my mom’s soup! She makes great soup! I really miss my mother’s cooking.Intermediate 3-1M:Hey! Are these pictures of you when you were a kid?W:Yeah! That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend twoweeks there every summer.M:Wow, I bet that was fun!W:Yeah. We always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach.I had a great shell collection. In fact, I think it’s still up in the attic!M:Hey, I used to collect shells, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out!Intermediate 3-2M:You know what I remember most about growing up?W:What?M:Visiting my grandparent’s house. You know, on holidays and stuff. They lived way out of the country, and my granddad had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to ride. I just love that horse-and she loved me, too! I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’ house. And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.W:Ah, memories!Intermediate 4-1W:Why is there never a bus when you want one?M:Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.W:Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.M:Good idea. You should say that we need more subway lines, too.W:Yeah, there should be more public transportation in general.M:And fewer cars! There’re too much traffic.W:Say, is that our bus coming?M:Yes, it is. But, look, it’s full.W:Oh,no! Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.Intermediate 4-2M:So, are you really going to write a letter to the paper?W:Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They’re too old. We need more modern buses~ nice air conditioned ones.M:And they need to put more buses on the road.W:Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.M:That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.W:I think they should ban private cars downtown between nine and five.M:Oh, you mean they should allow any cars except taxis and buses during regular workday?M:Hmm~ That sounds like a really good idea.Intermediate 5-1W:Excuse me, could you tell me where the bank is?M:There’s one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.W:Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?M:It shouldn’t be open now. It opens at 8 a.m.W:Good. And can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city?M:You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.W:OK. And one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom is?M:Right behind you, ma’am. See that sign?W:Oh, thanks a lot.Intermediate 5-2W:Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information-if you don’t mind.M:Not at all.W:Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city?M:Well, it depends on the traffic, of course. But it usually costs about $40.W:$40? I guess I’ll take the bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place?M:Go upstairs and turn right. You’ll see the snack bar on your left.W:Thanks very much. Have a nice day!M:You, too.Intermediate 6M:Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example, motorists must buy a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on their windshield. Another thing Singapore has done is to make it difficult to buy cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited. Not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars. So it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore as it does in, say, the United States or Canada. The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good and taxi and bus system.Intermediate 7M:What do you think?W1:Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment. And the living room is huge.W2:But the bedrooms are too small. And there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.M:And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.W1:But that apartment was dark and dingy. And it was in a dangerous neighborhood.M:Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us. Well, how do you like this place, then?W2:Oh, it’s much better than that other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are huge!W1:Yes, they are nice and big.W2:And they are two bathrooms! I could have my own bathroom!W1:Yes, I guess you could.W2:The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like those dark green walls. M:Oh, I’m we can change the color if we want to.Intermediate 8-1M:Creative Rentals. Good morning.W:Hello. I’m calling the apartment you have for rent.M:Yes, what can I tell you about it?W:Where is it exactly?M:It’s on King Street, just off the freeway.W:Oh, near the freeway. Can you hear the traffic?M:Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has lots of space. It has three bedrooms and a very large living room.W:I see. And is it in a new building?M:Well, the building is about 50 years old.W:Uh-huh. Well, I’ll think about it.M:OK, thanks for calling.W:Thank you. Bye.Intermediate 8-2W:Hello?M:Hello. Is the apartment you’re advertising still available?W:Yes, it is.M:Can you tell me a little about it?W:Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It’s one room with a kitchen at one end.M:I see. And is it far away from the subway?W:There’s subway station just down the street. Actually, the apartment is located right downtown., so you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurant everywhere. But it’s on a high floor, so you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.M:It’s sounds just like the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it, please.W:Sure, let me give you the address.Intermediate 9-1M:Yeah, I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same thing for over five years now, and I’m just learning anything new. It’s the same routine every day, and I’m really sick of sitting in front of the computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I want to be in a profession that involves meeting people.Intermediate 9-2W:I really need to join a club or sports team to give me something to do on weekends. I get really bored on the weekends. And if I joined a club, I’d probably get to meet people and make new friends.Intermediate 9-3M:I should take a typing course this summer. I really need it for my school work. And people say that if you can type really well, it’s something you’ll find useful later in life.Intermediate 9-4W:Gosh, I really have to go on a diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year, and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summerclothes.Intermediate 10-1M1:So, where are you working now, Terry?M2:Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it, though.M1:That’s too bad. Why not?M2:Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.M1:I know what you mean. I don’t like my job, either. I wish I could find a better job.M2:Actually, I don’t want to work at all anymore. I wish I had a lot of money so I could retire now. M1:Hmm, how old are you?M2:Uh, twenty-six.Intermediate 10-2M1:So, how are things going with you and Susie, Terry?M2:Oh, you didn’t know? She and I broke up a couple month ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again. M1:I’m sure you will.M2:I’m really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look for?M1:I’m not sure, but I’d love something that would involve travel. And I’d really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place. I need to live somewhere more exciting.M2:I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.Intermediate 11-1W:Hey, this sounds good, snails with garlic! Have you ever eaten snails?M:No, I haven’t.W:Oh, there are delicious! I had them last time. Like to try some?M:No, thanks, they sounds strange.W2(waitress):Have you decided on an appetizer yet?W:Yes, I’ll have the snails, please.W2:And you, sir?M:I think I’ll have the fried brains.W:Fried brains? Now that really sounds strange!Intermediate 11-2W:Oh, good, here comes the waitress now!W2:Here are your snails, madam. And for you, sir~ the fried brains.M:Thank you.W:Mmm, the snails are delicious! How are the brains?M:Well, I think they’re~ yuck! Oh, sorry, I guess brains are pretty strange after all. Um, I think I’m going to order something else, if you don’t mind.W:Oh, sure. Go ahead.M:Miss! Excuse miss!W2:Yes?M:Uh, I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something else?W2:Yes, of course. What would you like instead?W:Try the snails.M:No, I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget an appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juicy hamburger~ medium rare~ with French fries and a large soda.Intermediate 11-3W1:Have you finished with this?M1:No, I’m still drinking it, thanks.M2:Did you order this?W2:Yes, that’s mine. Mmm, it looks great and smells delicious!M3:Don’t you like it?W3:I haven’t tasted it yet. I’m waiting for the waitress to bring me a fork.M4:Did you enjoy it?W4:Well, it was a little tough. I think it was cooked for too long.W5:How is it?M5:Great. Just the way I like it: black and strong.M6:Your turn or mine?M7:It’s my treat this tine. You paid last time. Remember?Intermediate 13-1W1:I’m so excited, we have two weeks off! What are you going to do?W2:I’m not sure. I guess I’ll stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up my reading. What about you? Any plans?W1:Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.W2:Sounds great!W1:Say, why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.W2:Do you mean it? I’d love to!Intermediate 13-2M:Have you planed anything for the summer, Brenda?W:Yeah. I’m going to work the first month and save some money. Then I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadalajara. She says it’s really interesting there, so I want to go and see what it’s like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it.Intermediate 13-3W1:So, what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy?W2:Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year.W1:You know, I went to Hawaii last year, and stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year, I’m going white-water rafting!W2:Oh, that sounds great. But what is it, exactly?W1:Oh, well, you know. It’s in Colorado. They have all these trips down the rapids. The water gets really rough, but I think it’ll be really exciting.W2:Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too. And you call that a vacation?Intermediate 14-1M:Hi, I’m your new neighbor, George Rivera. I lived in the next door.W:Oh, hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.M:So, you just moved in? Do you need anything?W:Not right now, but thanks.M:Well, let me know if you do. Um, by the way, would you mind turning your stereo down? The walls are really thin, so the sound goes right through to my apartment.W:Oh, I’m sorry, I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhood?M:Yeah, there’s a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try their lasagna. It’s delicious!Intermediate 14-2M:Hello, I’m sorry to bother you, but I think your car is parked in my space downstairs.W:Really?M:Yes, do you drive a blue Honda?W:Yes, I do.M:Well, there’s blue Honda parked in space 13 and that’s my space.W:Oh, I’m so sorry. My son must have put it in the wrong space. Ours is the one right next to yours- number 12. Let get my keys, and I’ll go right down and move the car.M:Thanks.W:And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.M:I appreciate it.Intermediate 15-1M1:Jason~ Jason! Turn down the TV a little, please.M2:Oh, but this is my favorite program!M1:I know, but it’s very loud.M2:OK, I’ll turn it down.M1:That’s better, thanks.W1:Lisa, please pick up your things. They’re all over the living room floor.W2:In a minute, Mom, I’m on the phone.W1:OK, but do it as soon as you hang up.W2:Sure.No problem.W1:Goodness! Were we like this when we were kids?M1:Definitely!Intermediate 15-2M:Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He’s always forgetting where his car keys are. Itdrives me crazy.W:And he can never find his glasses either.M:I know.W:You know what drives me crazy about Mom?M:What?W:Those awful talk shows she watches on TV. She just love them.M:Yeah, I think she watches them for hours everyday.W:Oh, well~ I guess they’re just getting old. I hope I never get like that.M:Me, too. Hey, let’s go and play a video game.W:Great idea. By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere?Intermediate 16-1M:Did you know next week is Halloween? It’s on October 31st.W:So what do you do on Halloween? We don’t have that holiday in Russia.M:Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words ‘TRICK OR TREAT’.W:Hmm. Sounds interesting.M:But it’s not just for kids. Lots of people have costume parities. Hey, my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to go?W:Sure, I’d love to.Intermediate 16-2W:So are we going to wear costumes to the party?M:Of course. That’s half the fun. Last year I rented this great Dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.W:A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.M:Hey!W:Oh, I’m just kidding. What about me? What kind of costume should I wear?M:Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific which outfit at the costume store.W:A witch~ yeah, that’s a good idea. So after I scare people, you can make them laugh.Intermediate 17W1:You look beautiful in that kimono, Mari. Is this your wedding photo?W2:Yesa, it is.W1:Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married?W2:Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually changes into aWestern bridal dress during the reception.W1:Oh, I didn’t know that. Did you get married in a church, Mari?W2:No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.W1:Oh, a shrine~W2:Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional Shinto ceremony.W1:Hmm. And who went to the ceremony?W2:Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony~ You know, our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters~W1:And what about the reception? What was that like?W2:Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception~ about 100 people. And the first thing that happened was that the main guests gave formal speeches.W1:Speeches?W2:Yes, and then after that, all the guess were served a formal meal. While everyone was eating and drinking. Lots of other guests gave short speeches or sang songs. Some of the speeches were funny.W1:Sounds like fun!W2:Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during the wedding reception. And then, at the end of the reception, each guest received a present for coming to the wedding. W1:A present from the bride and groom?W2:Yes, it’s a Japanese custom.W1:What a nice custom!Intermediate 19-1M:I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I want to do with my life.Have you thought about it, Brenda?W:Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.M:Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative. And I like working with kids.W:Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatient.M:I know one thing I could never do.W:What’s that?M:I could never be a stockbroker, because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.Intermediate 19-2W:My history professor says I should think about a career in politics. But I don’t think I’d make a good politician.M:Why not, Brenda?W:Oh, you know me, I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people-You know, like givingspeeches and things. And politicians have to speak in public all the time.M:That’s true. You know, that reminds me of a problem I’m having.W:What is it?M:Yoou know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well, my father wants me to be the manager.W:And you don’t want to?M:No, not at all. I’d be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.Intermediate20-1Intermediate 20-2W(Tour guide):Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top. In case you’re wondering what the statue is made of. It has a framework inside that’s made of iron; The outer skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only2.4 millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together. The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction, and every about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.Intermediate 21-1M:How did you get into modeling, Stacy?W:Well, when I graduated from drama school, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions every day, but I never got any parts. And I was running out of money.M:So, what did you do?W:I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. While I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within a few weeks, I was modeling full time.M:Wow, what a lucky break!Intermediate 21-2W:So, Richard, what did you do after you graduated?M:Well, I majored in English literature in college.W:Uh-huh.M:So, when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.W:Oh, really?M:Yeah. See. I’ve written a novel. And I’ve sent to eight different publishers, but they all, uh,rejected it. Say, would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right with me.W:Well, I’d love to read it, Richard~ but not right now. Uh, so do you have a job anything?M:Oh, yes. I’m in sales.W:Oh,! Where?M:Actually, I’m a sales clerk in a hardware store, but when my novel sales, I know I’ll be the best selling author and I’ll make lots of money.Intermediate 22-1M:Hey, Joan! I haven’t seen you in ages. What have you been doing lately?W:Nothing exciting. I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.M:How come?W:I’m saving the money for a trip Europe.M:Well, I’ve only been spending money. I quit my job to the graduate school. I’m studying journalism.W:Really? How long have you been doing that?M:For two years, luckily, I finish next month. I’m almost out of money.Intermediate 22-2W:Hey, Bob, how’s it going?M:Pretty good, thanks.W:I haven’t seen you for a while. What have you been up to?M:Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy. I finally found one last month. I’ll move in next week.W:Gee, that’s terrific.M:Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with landlords. So what have you been doing lately?W:Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.M:Italy? Where about in Italy?W:Mostly in the north, around Milan. I have a cousin up there.M:I see, did you have a good time?W:Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.M:You’re kidding! Well, that must have been some vacation!Intermediate 23W:Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.M:So why don’t you quit?W:Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!M:A lot of people do, but~W:And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes!M:Well, you can always go on a diet.W:Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight diets. So if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job, and~M:Listen, it is hard to quit, but it’s not that hard. Do you want to know how I did it? Well, givingup smoking isn’t really as hard as you think. I managed to do it, so it can’t be that difficult. Youshould try nicotine gun. You chew it just regular chewing gun, and you don’t feel like smoking.W:Well, I guess it’s worth a try.Intermediate 24-1W:Welcome to A Night at the Movies! I’m Pauline Kahn~M:And I’m Colin Hale. Good evening!W:Tonight we’re going to review the new James Bond film. Well, I really liked this new JamesBond actor very, very much!M:Mm-hmm.W:He’s the best actor they’re ever had in the role-warm, human, even funny. A totally believable character.M:I have to agree, a perfect double-oh- seven type. Pauline, what do you think of the story? W:It was a standard story for a Bond movie~ Uh, the usual beautiful women, the usual evil villain- nothing new.M:Well, I’m surprised. I have to say that I thought the story was unusually good. The race car scenes were exciting , and the surprise ending was great.W:Well, I can’t agree with you there!Intermediate 24-2M:Well, what do you think about the photography?W:I was not very impresses at all by the photography. Everything looks fake, not real. I can’tbelieve it was actually filmed in Africa where the story took place.M:I can’t believe you! I haven’t seen such good photography in a long time, especially in the action scenes.W:Now that brings up another weakness in the film, the special effects. Again, it just the same old stuff~ the car that flies, the pen that’s really a gun. You get tired of that kind of thing.M:I’d hardly think you and I saw the same movie, Pauline. I have to say that the special effects were the best ever in a Bond film. For example, the scene where ~W:Excesu me, Colin. We’re going to have to break for a commercial.M:You’re right, Pauline. We’ll be right back with our ratings.Intermediate 25M:Look at this. Some guy found $750,000! He returned it and the owner thanked him with aphone call.W:You’re kidding! If I found $750,000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.M:Why? What would you do?W:Well, I’d go straight to Las Vegas, and try my luck in the casinos. I could double the money in aday and keep $750,000 for myself.M:You might also lose it all in a day. And then you could go to jail.W:Hmm, you’ve got a point there.Intermediate 28W1:How do you like your new boss?M1:She’s OK. I just wish she’d learn to lighten up a little.W1:What do you mean?M1:Oh, she never enjoys a joke. She never laughs, it’s hard to even get a smile out of her.M2:Look what Mary gave me! Isn’t this a great book?W2:Yeah, it is! Mary’s so sweet. She’s always giving her friends and co-workers presents. I wish there were more people like her in this world.W3:What do you think of the new French teacher?M3:Well, she’s kind of strange. She’s in good mood one minute and in a terrible mood the next.M4:Hey, what’s wrong?W4:I’m fed up with my brother! It seems as if he’s always angry at me about something.M4:Really?W4:Yeah. He gets upset so easily. I don’t what’s the matter with him.。
中级班文本
1.基本介绍:中级班是一种适合已经有一定汉语基础的学生的课程,旨在帮助学生学会更高级的汉语表达和交流技巧。
2. 课程设置:中级班的课程设置通常包括听、说、读、写四个方面。
在听力方面,学生将学习更加复杂的听力材料,如新闻、讲座等。
在口语方面,学生将学会更加流利和自然的汉语表达,包括各种常用口语表达和语法结构。
在阅读方面,学生将学习更加复杂的文章和文学作品,如小说、诗歌等。
在写作方面,学生将学会更加熟练和准确的汉语书写技巧,包括各种文体和写作技巧。
3. 教学方法:中级班通常采用多种教学方法,包括听、说、读、写、演讲、讨论等。
教师会根据学生的水平和需求,采用不同的教学方法和教材,以帮助学生尽快提高汉语能力。
4. 考试要求:中级班通常会进行一定的考试和评估,以检验学生的汉语水平和掌握程度。
考试内容包括听力、口语、阅读、写作等方面,考试形式包括笔试和口试等。
学生需达到一定的分数或等级,方可进入更高级别的汉语课程。
5. 学习建议:学习中级班的学生需要注重纠正和改进自己的汉语表达和交流能力,同时也需要注重扩大自己的汉语词汇量和语法知识。
建议学生多多参加讨论和演讲活动,提高自己的口语表达和写作能力。
同时,学生也需多加练习听力和阅读,提高自己的理解能力和语感。
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中级经济师经济基础知识笔记(重点标识版)第一部分经济学基础一、市场需求、供给和均衡价格1、需求的含义:需求是在一定时间内和一定价格条件下,消费者对某种商品或服务愿意而且能够购买的数量。
需求的构成要素有两个:一是购买欲望;二是支付能力。
2、市场需求:在一定时间内、一定价格条件下和一定的市场上所有的消费者对某种商品或服务愿意而且能够购买的数量。
市场需求是消费者需求的总和。
3、决定需求的基本因素和影响①消费者的偏好。
消费者偏好支配着他在使用价值相同或接近的替代品之间的消费选择。
②消费者的个人收入。
一般来说,消费者收入增加,将引起需求增加。
消费者收入变动将引起需求同方向变动。
③产品价格。
价格是影响需求的最重要的因素。
一般来说价格和需求的变动成反方向变化。
④替代品的价格。
替代品是指使用价值相近,可以相互替代来满足人们同一需要的商品,如煤气和电力。
一般来说,商品的需求与替代品的价格成同方向变化。
⑤互补品的价格。
互补品是指使用价值上必须互相补充才能满足人们某种需要的商品。
如:汽车和汽油、家用电器和电。
一般来说,商品的需求与互补品的价格成反方向变化。
⑥预期。
如果消费者预期价格要上涨,会刺激人们提前购买;如果预期价格将下跌,许多消费者会推迟购买。
⑦其他因素。
如商品的品种、质量、广告宣传、地理位置、季节、国家政策。
影响需求最关键的因素是该商品本身的价格4、需求函数、需求规律和需求曲线类别含义需求函数假定价格之外的其他各因素不变的情况下,需求函数表明某商品的消费者随价格的变化愿意购买的数量。
需求规律即价格与需求之间呈反方向变化的关系。
也有例外,如也有钻石价格与其需求成正方向变化,钻石价格越低、需求量越小。
需求曲线需求和价格关系的曲线(需求曲线是向右下方倾斜的曲线)横轴表示需求量(Q),纵轴表示价格(P),需求数量变动:假定其他因素不变,只考虑需求和价格的关系,需求量的变化是沿着既定的需求曲线进行的。
需求变动:由于消费者收入和消费者偏好等因素的变化引起需求的相应变化,这种变化表现为需求曲线的位移。
Man: On, I’m really sorry. Are you OK?Woman: I’m fine. But I’m not very good at this.Man: Neither am I. Say, are you from south America?Woman: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina.Man: Did you grow up there?Woman: Yes, I did. But my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Man: And where did you learn the rollerblade?Woman; Here in the park. This is only my second time.Man: Well, it’s my first time. Can you give me some lessons?Woman: Sure, just follow meMan: By the way. My name is Ted.Woman: And I’m Anna. Nice to meet you.Man: Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson.Woman: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do?Man: I work in a travel agency.Woman: Really? What do you do there?Man: I’m in charge of their computers.Woman: Oh, so you’re a computer specialist?Man: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.Woman: That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with the computer courses I’m taking.Man: Oh, sure, but only if promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Woman: Hmm…It’s a deal.第二篇Reporter: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong.Yu Hong: I’m from China, from near Shanghai.Reporter: And when did you move here.Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.Reporter: And what do you do now?Yu Hong: I’m a transportation engineer.Reporter: I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United State?Yu Hong: Yes, that’s right.Reporter: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the US?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of the most difficulties is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends. But that’s not the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit the relatives. It isn’t the same here.Reporter: And what do you miss the most from home?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s easy. My mom’s soup. She makes great soup. I really miss my mother’s第三篇Man: Hey, are these pictures of you when you were a kid?Woman: Yeah. That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer.Man: Wow, I bet that was fun.Woman: Yes, we always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach. I had a great shell collection. In fact, I think it still up the attic.Man: Hey, I used to collect shell, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out.You know what I remember most about growing up?Woman: What?Man: Visiting my grandparents’ house. You know on holidays and staff. They lived way out in the country, and my grandda had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to right. I just love that horse, and she loves me, too. I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’ house. And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.Woman: Uh…memories.第四篇Woman: Why is there never a bus when you want one?Man: Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.Woman: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.Man: Good idea. We should say that we need more subway lines, too.Woman: Yes, there should be more public transportation in general.Man: And fewer cars. There is too much traffic.Woman: Say, is that our bus coming?Man: Yes, it is. But look, it’s full.Woman: Oh, no. Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write. Man: So, are you really going to write a paper to the paper?Woman: Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They are too old. We need more modern buses, nice air-conditioned ones.Man: And they need to put more buses on the road.Woman: Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.Man: That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.Woman: I think they should private cars downtown these days between nine and five.Man: Oh, you mean they should n’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular the workday. Hmm…that sounds like really a good idea.第五篇Woman: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank is?Man: There is one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.Woman: Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?Man: It should be open now. It opens at 8:00 am.Woman: Good, and can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city?Man: You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.Woman: Ok, and just one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom is?Man: Right behind you m’am, see that sign?Woman: Oh, thanks a lot.Woman: Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information if you don’t mind. Man: Not at all.Woman: Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city?Man: Well, it depends on the traffic of course. But it usually costs about 40 dollars.Woman: Forty dollars? I guess I’ll take a bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place.Man: Go upstairs, and turn right, you’ll see a snack bar on your left.Woman: Thanks very much. Have a nice day.Man: You, too.第六篇Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example, motorists must by a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to by cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited, not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars. So it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore, as it does in say United State or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.第七篇Father: What do you think?Mother: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment . And the living room is huge. Daughter: But the bedrooms are too small, and there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes. Father: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.Mother: But that apartment was dark and dingy, and it was in the dangerous neighborhood. Father: Let’s see if the real restate agent has something else to show us.Agent: Well, how do you like this place, then?Daughter: Oh, it’s much better than other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are huge.Mother: Yes, they are nice and big.Daughter: And there are two bathrooms. I can have my own bathroom.Mother: Yes, I guess you could.Daughter: The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like the dark green wall. Father: Oh, I’ sure we can change the color if we want to.第八篇Man: Creative Rental. Good morning.Woman: Hello, I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.Man: Yes, what can I tell you about it?Woman: Where is it exactly?Man: It’s on King Street, just off the free-way.Woman: Oh, near the free-way. Can you hear the traffic?Man: Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has a lot of space, It has three bedrooms and a very large living room.Woman: I see. And is it on a new building?Man: Well, the building is about fifty years old.Woman: Uh-ha…well, I’ll think about it.Man: Ok, thanks for calling.Woman: Thank you, bye.Woman: Hello.Man: Hello, is the apartment you are advertising is still available?Woman: Yes, it is.Man: Can you tell me a little about it.Woman: Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It one room with kitchen at one end. Man: I see, and is it far away from the subway?Woman: There is a subway station just down the street. Actually, the apartment is located right downtown. So you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurant everywhere. But it’s on high floor. So you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.Man: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it, please. Woman: Sure, let me give you the address.第九篇Yeah, I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same things for over five years old, and I’m just not learning anything new. It’s the same routine everyday, and I’m really sick of sitting in front ofthe computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I wana be in a profession that involve meeting people.I really need to join in a club or sports team to give me something to do on the weekends. I get really bored on the weekends. And if join in a club, I probably get to meet people and make new friends.I should take a typing course this summer. I really need it for my school work. And people say that if you can type really well, it’s something you’ll find useful later in life.Gosh, I really have to go on diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.第十篇Friend: So where are you working now Terry?Terry: Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it though.Friend: That’s too bad. Why not?Terry: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.Friend: I know what you mean. I don’t like my job either. I wish I could find a better job.Terry: Actually, I don’t wana work at all any more. I wish I had a lot of money, So I could retire now.Friend: Hmm…how old are you, Terry?Terry: Umm..twenty-six.Friend: So how are things going with you and Susie, Terry?Terry: Oh, you didn’t know. She and I broke up for a couple of moths ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again. Friend: I’m sure you will.Terry: I really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look for?Friend: I’m not sure. But I love something that would involve travel. I really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place. I need to move to somewhere more exciting.Terry: I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.第十一篇Woman: Hey, this sounds good, snail with garlic. Have you ever eaten snail?Man: No, I haven’t.Woman: Oh, they are delicious. I had them last time. Like to try some.Man: No, thanks. They sound strange.Waitress: Have you decided on an appetizer yet?Woman: Yes, I’ll have the snail.Waitress: And you sir?Man: I think I’ll have the fried brains.Woman: Fried brains. Now that sounds really strange.Woman: Oh, good. Here comes the waitress now.Waitress: Here are your snail, madam. And for you sir, the fried brains.Man: Thanks.Woman: Hmm.. these snails are delicious. How are the brains?Man: Well. I think they are…yuck. On, sorry. I guess the brains are pretty strange after all. I think I need to order something else if you don’t mind.Woman: Sure, go ahead.Man: Miss, excuse me Miss.Waitress: Yes?Man: Uh…I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something else?Waitress: Of course, what would you like instead?Woman: Try the snails.Man: No, I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget the appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juice, hamburger, medium rare with French fries and a large soda.第十二幕Man: I’m so excited. We have two weeks off. What are you going to do?Woman: I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading. What about you? Any plans?Man: Well, my parents had rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach everyday and do lots of swimming.Woman: Sounds great.Man: Say why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.Woman: Do you mean it? I’d love to.Man: Have you planned anything for the summer, Brenda?Woman: Yeah, I’m going to work for the first month and save some money. Then, I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadahara. She says it’s really interesting there. So I want to go and see what is like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it.Woman: So what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy?Judy: Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year. You know I went to Hawaii last year and just stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year, I’m going white water rafting.Woman: Oh, sounds great. But what is it exactly?Judy: Oh, well, you know it’s in Colorado. They have all this trip down the rapids. The water gets really rough. But I think it will be really exciting. Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too. Woman: And you call that the vacation?第十三幕Man: Hi, I’m your new neighbor, Gorge Rivera. I live next door.Woman: Oh, hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.Man: So you just moved in . Do you need anything?Woman: Not right now. But thanks.Man: Well, let me know if you do. Um…by the way , would you mind turning your stereo down. The walls are really thin, so the sounds go right through to my apartment.Woman: Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italy restaurant in the neighborhood.Man: Yeah, there is a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try the lazaniar, it’s delicious.Man: Hello, I’m sorry to bother you. But I think your car is parked in my space downstairs. Woman: Really?Man: Yes, do you drive a blue Honda?Woman: Yes, I do.Man: Well, there is a blue Hondo parked in space Thirteen, and that is my space.Woman: Oh, I’m so sorry. My son must have put it on the wrong space. Ours is the one right next to yours, number Twelve. Let me get my keys and I’ll go right down and move the car.Man: Thanks.Woman: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.Man: I appreciate it.第十四篇Farther: Jason, Jason, turn down the TV a little please.Jason: Oh, but is my favorite program.Farther: I know. But it’s very loud.Jason: Ok, I’ll turn it down.Farther: That’s better. Thanks.Mother: Lisa, please pick up your things. They are all over the living room floor.Lisa: In a minute mom I’m on the phone.Mother: Ok, but do it as soon as you hand up.Lisa: Sure, no problem.Mother: Goddess, were we like this when we were kids?Farther: Definitely.Jason: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He is always forgetting where his car keys are. He drives me crazy.Lisa: And he can never find his glasses either?Jason: I know.Lisa: You know what drives me crazy about mom?Jason: What?Lisa: Those awful talk shows she watches on the TV. She just loves them.Jason: Yeah, I think she watches them for hours everyday.Lisa: Oh, well. I guess they are just getting old. I hope I never get like that.Jason: Me too. Hey, let’s go and play the video game.Lisa: great idea. By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere?第十五篇:Man: Did you know next week is Halloween. It’s on October 31st.Woman: So what do you do on Halloween. We don’t have that holiday in Russia.Man: Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words: Cheat or treat.Woman: Sounds interesting.Man: But is not only for kids. Lots of people have costume parties. Hey, my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to go?Woman: Sure, I’d love to. So, are we going to wear a costume to the party?Man: Of course. That half the fun. Last year I rented this great dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.Woman: A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.Man: Hey…Woman: Oh, I’m just kidding. What about me? What kind of costume should I wear?Man:Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store. Woman: A witch? Yeah, that’s a good idea. So after I scare people, you can make them laughter.第十六篇Woman1: You look beautiful in that kimono, Merry? Is this your wedding photo?Woman2:Yes, it is.Woman1: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married?Woman2: Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually change into a western bridal dress during the reception.Woman1: Oh, I didn’t know that. Did you get married in a church Merry?Woman2: No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.Woman1: Oh, a shrine .Woman2: Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional shinto ceremony.Woman1: Hmm…and who went to the ceremony?Woman2:Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony. You know our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters.Woman1: And what about the reception. What was that like?Woman2: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception, about a hundred people. And the first thing that happen was that the main guests gave formal speeches.Woman1: Speeches?Woman2: Yes, and then after that, all the guests were served the formal meal. While everyone was eating and drinking, lots of other guests gave short speeches or sand songs. Some of the speeches were funny.Woman1: Sounds like fun.Woman2: Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during wedding reception. And then , each guest received a present for the coming to wedding.Woman1: A present from the bride and groom?Woman2: Yes, it’s a Japanese costume.Woman1: What a nice costume.第十七篇Man: I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I wana to do with my life. Have you thought about it, Brenda.Woman: Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Man: Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative, and I like working with kids. Woman: Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatientMan: I know one thing I could never do.Woman: What’s that?Man: I could never be a star broker. Because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.Woman: My history profession says that I should think about the career in the politics. But I don’t I’ll make a good politician.Man: Why not, Brenda?Woman: Oh, you know me. I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people. You know like giving speeches and things, and politicians have to speak in public all the time.Man: That’s true. You know that reminds me a problem I’m having.Woman: What is it?Man: You know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well. My farther wants me to be a manager.Woman: And you don’t want to?Man: No, not at all. I’ll be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.第十八篇Guide: We are now approaching the famous statue of liberty, which has welcome visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.Man1: Wow, look at this, incredible, isn’t it?Guide: The statue was given to the United State by the people of French. It was designed by the French sculptor, Bartholdi.Man1: It’s really huge. Do we get to go inside?Man2: Of course. We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.Man1: Stairs? There is no elevator?Man2: Not to the top. But it’s only just a hundred forty-two steps.Guide: Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top, in case you’re wandering what the statue is made of. It has framework inside that’s made of iron. The outer skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole things together. The statue of liberty is a major tourist attraction. And every year, about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.第十九篇Man: How did you get into the modeling, Stacy?Woman: Well, when I graduated from Drama School, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions everyday, but I never get any part. And I was running out money.Man: So what did you do?Woman: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. while I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within the few weeks, I was modeling full time.Man: Wow..ha…what a lucky break.Woman: So, Richard. What did you do after you graduated?Man: Well, I majored in English literature in college. So, when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.Woman: Oh, really?Man: Yeah, see…I’ve written a novel and I sent it to eight different publishers, but they all…uh…rejected it. Say would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right here with me.Woman: Well, I’d love to read your literature, but not right now. Um…so do you have a job or anything?Man: Oh, yes. I’m in sales.Woman: Oh, where?Man: Actually, I’m a sale clerk in a hardware store. But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best selling author and I’ll make lots of money.第二十篇Man: Hey, Joan. I haven’t seen you in ages. What have you been doing lately?Joan: Nothing exciting. I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.Man: How come?Joan: I’m saving up money for a trip to Europe.Man: Well, I’ve only spending money. I quit my job to go to graduate school. I’m studying journalism.Woman: Really? How long have you been doing that.Man: For two years. Luckily, I finish it next month. I’m almost out of money.Woman: Hey, Bob. How’s it going?Bob: Pretty good. Thanks.Woman: I haven’t seen you for a while. What have you been up to?Bob: Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy. I finally found one last month and move in next week.Woman: Gee…that’s terrific.Bob: Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with the land lords. So what have you been doing lately? Woman: Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.Man: Italy? Whereabouts Italy?Woman: Mostly in the north around Milan. I have a cousin up there.Man: I see. Did you have a good time?Woman: Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.Man: You’re kidding. Well, that must be some vacation.第二十一篇Woman: Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.Man: So why don’t you quit?Woman: Well, if I quit I might gain weight.Man: A lot of people do, but…Woman: And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes.Man: Well, you can always go on a diet.Woman: Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight on diets. So, if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job. And…Man: Listen! It’s hard to quit but it’s not hard. Do you wanna know how I did it? Well, giving up smoking isn’t really as hard as you think. I managed to do it, so it can’t be that difficult. You should try nicotine gun. You chew it just like regular chewing gun, and don’t feel like smoking. Woman: Well, I guess it’s worth a try.第二十二篇Woman: Welcome to a night at the movies. I’m Pauling Con.Man: And I’m Colin Hale. Good evening.Woman: Tonight we are going to review the new James Bond film. Well, I really like this new James Bond at the very-very much.Man: Hmm…hmm..Woman: He’s the best actor they’ve ever had in the role, warm, human even funny. A totally believable character.Man: I have to agree. A perfect, double-o-seven type. Colin, what do you think of the story? Woman: It was a standard story for a Bond movie, ugh…the usual beautiful women, the usual evil villain, nothing new.Man: Well, I’m surprised. I have to say that O thought the story was unusually good. The race car scene is exciting and the surprise ending was great.Woman: Well, I can’t agree with you there.Man: Well, what do you think about the photography?Woman: I was not very impressed at all by the photography. Everything looks fake, not real. I can’t believe it was actually filmed at Africa where the story took place.Man: I can’t believe you. I haven’t seen such good photography in a long time, especially in the action scene.Woman: Now that brings up another weakness in the film, the special effects. Again, it’s just the same old staff, the car that flies, the pen is really gum. You get tired of that kind of the thing. Man: I’d hardly think you and I saw the same movie, Pauling. I have to say the special effects were the best ever in the Bond film. For example, the scene will…Woman: Excuse me, Colin. We are going to have to break for a comer show.Man: You’re right Colin. We’ll be right back with our ratings.第二十三篇Man: Look at this. Some guy found $750000. He returned it and the owner thanked him with the phone call.Woman: You’re kidding. If I found $750000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.Man: Why? What would you do?Woman: Well, I’ll go straight to Los Vegas and try my luck in casinos. I could double the money in a day and keep $750000 for myself.Man: You might also lost it all in a day. And then you’d go the jail.Woman: Hmm…you got the point there. So what would you do if you found a lot of money. Man: Oh, you know me Kate. I’m so honest I scare myself sometimes. I’ll take the money straight to the police.Woman: I guess that wouldn’t be such a bad ideal. Maybe you’ll be luckier than the guy in the article. Maybe the owner of the money would give you a big reward.Man: Well, they say honesty pays, right?第二十四篇Daughter: Hey, I wanna backpack around Europe this summer. What do you think?Mother: Backpack around Europe? That sounds dangerous. You shouldn’t go by yourself. You out to go with some one.Daughter: Yes, I’ve thought of that.Mother: And you’d better talk your father.Daughter: I already did it. He thinks it’s a great idea. He wants to go with me.Woman: What are your plans for your summer, Paul?Man: Oh, I’d love to go and lie on the beach somewhere. But I need to save some money for school. I think I’ll stay home and get a job.Woman: That doesn’t sound like much fun.Man: Oh, it won’t be too bad. Some of my friends are going to work this summer, too. So we’ll do some parties on the weekends.。
此文档下载后即可编辑第一篇Man: On, I’m really sorry. Are you OK?Woman: I’m fine. But I’m not very good at this.Man: Neither am I. Say, are you from south America?Woman: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina.Man: Did you grow up there?Woman: Yes, I did. But my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Man: And where did you learn the rollerblade?Woman; Here in the park. This is only my second time.Man: Well, it’s my first time. Can you give me some lessons? Woman: Sure, just follow meMan: By the way. My name is Ted.Woman: And I’m Anna. Nice to meet you.Man: Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson.Woman: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do?Man: I work in a travel agency.Woman: Really? What do you do there?Man: I’m in charge of their computers.Woman: Oh, so you’re a computer specialist?Man: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.Woman: That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with the computer courses I’m taking.Man: Oh, sure, but only if promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Woman: Hmm…It’s a deal.第二篇Reporter: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong.Yu Hong: I’m from China, from near Shanghai.Reporter: And when did you move here.Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.Reporter: And what do you do now?Yu Hong: I’m a transportation engineer.Reporter: I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United State?Yu Hong: Yes, that’s right.Reporter: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the US?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of the most difficulties is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends. But that’s not the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit the relatives. It isn’t the same here.Reporter: And what do you miss the most from home?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s easy. My mom’s soup. She makes great soup.I really miss my mother’s cooking.第三篇Man: Hey, are these pictures of you when you were a kid? Woman: Yeah. That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer. Man: Wow, I bet that was fun.Woman: Yes, we always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach. I had a great shell collection. In fact, Ithink it still up the attic.Man: Hey, I used to collect shell, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out.You know what I remember most about growing up? Woman: What?Man: Visiting my grandparents’house. You know on holidays and staff. They lived way out in the country, and my grandda had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to right. I just love that horse, and she loves me, too. I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’house. And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.Woman: Uh…memories.第四篇Woman: Why is there never a bus when you want one?Man: Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route. Woman: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.Man: Good idea. We should say that we need more subway lines, too. Woman: Yes, there should be more public transportation in general. Man: And fewer cars. There is too much traffic.Woman: Say, is that our bus coming?Man: Yes, it is. But look, it’s full.Woman: Oh, no. Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.Man: So, are you really going to write a paper to the paper? Woman: Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They are too old. We need more modern buses, nice air-conditioned ones. Man: And they need to put more buses on the road.Woman: Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and thereisn’t enough parking.Man: That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.Woman: I think they should private cars downtown these days between nine and five.Man: Oh, you mean they should n’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular the workday. Hmm…that sounds like really a good idea.第五篇Woman: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank is?Man: There is one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop. Woman: Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?Man: It should be open now. It opens at 8:00 am.Woman: Good, and can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city?Man: You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.Woman: Ok, and just one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom is?Man: Right behind you m’am, see that sign?Woman: Oh, thanks a lot.Woman: Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information if you don’t mind.Man: Not at all.Woman: Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city? Man: Well, it depends on the traffic of course. But it usually costs。
2024中级会计文字讲解中级会计啊,就像是会计界的“小超人”进阶版。
你要是已经在会计这个大江湖里闯荡了一阵子,觉得初级那些东西已经不能满足你了,那中级会计就是你要去征服的下一个小高峰。
它可不是随随便便就能拿下的,就像你要从一个普通的武林小虾米变成有点厉害的小侠客一样。
1、中级会计考啥呢?中级会计考试有三门科目呢。
第一门是中级会计实务,这门课就像是一个大杂烩,把会计里各种各样的账务处理、财务报表啥的都揉在一块儿了。
比如说长期股权投资,那可真是让人头疼的家伙,就像一个调皮的小鬼,你得小心翼翼地去琢磨它的各种情况,什么成本法、权益法,一不小心就弄错了。
第二门是财务管理,这里面全是各种公式,像什么货币时间价值的计算,就好像在解一道道神秘的数学谜题。
那些公式看起来就像外星文字一样,不过一旦你搞懂了,就会觉得特别有成就感。
第三门是经济法,这门课相对来说比较好理解,就像是会计世界里的法律法规小管家。
它规定了很多在经济活动里该怎么做、不该怎么做的事情,比如公司的设立、合同的签订等等。
2、为啥要考中级会计?要是你想在会计这个行业里混得更好,那中级会计证书就是你的一块敲门砖。
有了它,就像你手里多了一把闪闪发光的宝剑,可以在找工作的时候更有底气。
很多企业在招聘会计主管或者更高职位的时候,都会优先考虑有中级会计证书的人呢。
而且啊,工资也会跟着涨一涨,这就像是你在游戏里升级了,装备也跟着变好一样。
就算你不想在企业里干,自己开个小会计事务所之类的,这个证书也能让客户更信任你,觉得你是个有实力的人。
3、怎么备考中级会计?备考中级会计可不是一件轻松的事儿,就像你要攀登一座很高很高的山。
首先,你得有个好的学习计划。
比如说,你可以把每天的学习时间分成几块,一块用来学习新的知识,一块用来复习旧的知识,还有一块用来做练习题。
学习新知识的时候,就像探索一个新的神秘岛屿,要充满好奇心。
对于那些难懂的知识点,不要害怕,多听几遍网课,就像多问几个岛上的居民一样,总能搞明白的。
中级经济师经济基础知识笔记(重点标识版)第一部分经济学基础一、市场需求、供给和均衡价格1、需求的含义:需求是在一定时间内和一定价格条件下,消费者对某种商品或服务愿意而且能够购买的数量。
需求的构成要素有两个:一是购买欲望;二是支付能力。
2、市场需求:在一定时间内、一定价格条件下和一定的市场上所有的消费者对某种商品或服务愿意而且能够购买的数量。
市场需求是消费者需求的总和。
3、决定需求的基本因素和影响①消费者的偏好。
消费者偏好支配着他在使用价值相同或接近的替代品之间的消费选择。
②消费者的个人收入。
一般来说,消费者收入增加,将引起需求增加。
消费者收入变动将引起需求同方向变动。
③产品价格。
价格是影响需求的最重要的因素。
一般来说价格和需求的变动成反方向变化。
④替代品的价格。
替代品是指使用价值相近,可以相互替代来满足人们同一需要的商品,如煤气和电力。
一般来说,商品的需求与替代品的价格成同方向变化。
⑤互补品的价格。
互补品是指使用价值上必须互相补充才能满足人们某种需要的商品。
如:汽车和汽油、家用电器和电。
一般来说,商品的需求与互补品的价格成反方向变化。
⑥预期。
如果消费者预期价格要上涨,会刺激人们提前购买;如果预期价格将下跌,许多消费者会推迟购买。
⑦其他因素。
如商品的品种、质量、广告宣传、地理位置、季节、国家政策。
影响需求最关键的因素是该商品本身的价格4、需求函数、需求规律和需求曲线类别含义需求函数假定价格之外的其他各因素不变的情况下,需求函数表明某商品的消费者随价格的变化愿意购买的数量。
需求规律即价格与需求之间呈反方向变化的关系。
也有例外,如也有钻石价格与其需求成正方向变化,钻石价格越低、需求量越小。
需求曲线需求和价格关系的曲线(需求曲线是向右下方倾斜的曲线)横轴表示需求量(Q),纵轴表示价格(P),需求数量变动:假定其他因素不变,只考虑需求和价格的关系,需求量的变化是沿着既定的需求曲线进行的。
需求变动:由于消费者收入和消费者偏好等因素的变化引起需求的相应变化,这种变化表现为需求曲线的位移。
2018 Ishow中级班文本2.0目录一、滑冰二、Yuhong移民三、照片叔叔的小屋;爷爷奶奶家四、等车;写投诉信五、新加坡交通限行;限购;缴税;地铁六、机场问路七、看房子八、问房子九、Terry工作;分手十、戒烟;改变;加俱乐部;减肥十一、snails with garlic; fried brain十二、周计划Florida;暑假计划work;Guadalajara in Mexico 十三、背包旅行;参观纽约十四、Jason十五、邻居扰民;停错车位十六、圣诞节;变装十七、和服;婚礼十八、工作打算十九、工作打算记者;老师;公务员;餐馆二十、自由女神像二十一、埃及金字塔;长城二十二、模特;作家二十三、Joan;Bob近期情况旅行;买房二十四、看电影二十五、拾金不昧二十六、电话咨询节目11.Ted: Oh; I'm really sorry. Are you OKAna: I'm fine. But I'm not very good at this. Ted: Neither am I. Say; are you from South AmericaAna: Yes; I am originally. I was born in Argentina.Ted: Did you grow up thereAna: Yes; I did; but my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Ted: And where did you learn the rollerbladeAna: Here in the park. This is only my second time.Ted: Well; it's my first time. Can you give me some lessonsAna: Sure. Just follow me.Ted: By the way; my name is Ted.Ana: And I'm Ana. Nice to meet you.2.Ted: Hey; hey That was fun. Thank you for the lessonAna: No problem. So; tell me a little about yourself. What do you do Ted: I work in a travel agency.Ana: Really What do you do thereTed: I'm in charge of their computers.Ana: Oh; so you're a computer specialist.Ted: Well; sort of. Yeah; I guess so.Ana: That's great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I'm taking.Ted: Oh; sure...But only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Ana: It's a deal21.Interviewer: Where are you from originally; Yu HongYu Hong: I'm from China...from near Shanghai.Interviewer: And when did you move hereYu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992. Interviewer: And what do you do nowYu Hong: I'm a transportation engineer.Interviewer: I see. So you 're an immigrant to the United States Yu Hong: Yes; that's right.Interviewer: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrantin the U.S.Yu Hong: Oh; That's not an easy question to answer. There are so many things really. I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that I don't have any relatives here. I mean; I have a lot of friends; but that's not the same thing. In China; on the holidays or the weekend; we visit relatives. It isn't the same here.Interviewer: And what do you miss the most from homeYu Hong: Oh; that's easy; my mom's soup She makes great soup. I really miss my mother's cooking.31.A: Hey Are these pictures of you when you were a kidB: Yeah That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid; we used to spend two weeks there every summer.A: Wow; I bet that was funB: Yeah. We always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach. I have a great shell collection. In fact;I think it’s still up in the atticA: Hey; I used to collect shells; too; when I was a kid. But my parentsthrew them out2.A: You know what I remember most about growing upB: WhatA: Visiting my grandparent’s house… you know; on holidays and stuff. They lived way out in the country; and my granddad had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to ride. I just love that horse-and she loved me; too I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparent’s house. And every time I came back; Blackie remembered me.B: Ah; memories41.A: Why is there never a bus when you want oneB: Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.B: Good idea. You should say that we need more subway lines; too. A: Yeah. There should be more public transportation in general.B: And fewer cars There’s too much traffic.A: Say; is that our bus comingB: Yes; it is. But look. It’s fullA: Oh; no Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.2.A: So you are really going to write a letter to the paperB: Sure. I’m going to say something about the buses. They’re too old. We need more modern buses… nice air-conditioned ones.B: And they need to put more buses on the road.A: Right. And there are too many cars downtown; and there isn’t enough parking.B: That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.A: I think they should ban private cars downtown between nine and five. B: Oh; you mean they shouldn’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular workday. Hmm… that sounds like a really good idea. 51.Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example; motorists must buy a special pass if theywant to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to buy cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited. Not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars; so it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore as it does in; say; the United States or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent pubic transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.61.A: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank isB: There’s one upstairs; across from the duty-free shop.A: Oh; thanks. Do you know what time it opensB: It should be open now. It opens at 8:00A.M.A: Good. And can you tell me how often the buses leave for the cityB: You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.A: OK. And just one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom isB: Right behind you; ma’am. See that signA: Oh. Thanks a lot.2.A: Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information if you don’t mind.B: Not at all.A: Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the cityB: Well; it depends on the traffic; of course. But it usually costs about forty dollars.A: Forty dollars I guess I’ll take the bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport Maybe a fast-food placeB: Go upstairs and turn right. You’ll see the snack bar on your left. A: Thanks very much. Have a nice day.B: You; too.71.A: What do you thinkB: Well; it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment. And the living room is huge.C: But the bedrooms are too small. And there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.A: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.B: But that apartment was dark and dingy. And it was in a dangerous neighborhood.A: Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us.2.A: Well; um;how do you like this space; thenC: Oh; it’s much better than that other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are too hugeB: Yes; they are nice and big.C: And there are two bathrooms I could have my own bathroomB: Yes; I guess you could.C: The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like those dark green walls.A: Oh; I’m sure we can change the color if we want to.3.A: Creative Rentals. Good morning.B: Hello. I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.A: Yes. What can I tell you about itB: Where is it; exactlyA: It’s on King Street; just off the freeway.B: Oh; near the freeway. Can you hear the trafficA: Yes; I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has lots of space. It has three bedrooms and a very large living roomB: I see. And is it in a new buildingA: Well; the building is about fifty years old.B: Uh-huh. Well; I’ll think about it.A: OK. Thanks for calling.B: Thank you. Bye81.A: HelloB: Hello. Is the apartment you’re advertising still availableA: Yes; it is.B: Can you tell me a little about itA: Well; it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It’s one room with a kitchen at one end.B: I see. And is it far away from the subwayA: There’s a subway station just down the street. Actually; the apartment is located right downtown; so you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurants everywhere. But it’s on a high floor; so you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.B: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it; please.A: Sure. Let me give you the address.2.A:Town and city rentals.How can I help youB:Hi Um;Is that apartment you advertised still availableA:Yes; it is.B:Oh; good. Um; listen;I;I can’t pay too much. So the low prise you asking is…is really good for me.A:Great.B;And how big is itA:It’s two rooms plus the kichen and bathroom.B:Well; is it a safe place to liveA:Well;I can tell you I’ve lived here for five years and I never heard about anybody having a problem.B:Oh; that’s good. Uh; let see; oh yeah; does the apartment have a lot of windowsA:Windows; yes; there are plenty of windows; but unfortunately;there is’n much light really. See; there’s another building right next to ours.B:Oh;that’s OK. I’m never around in the day anyway. Do you think it’s alright if I come and look at itA:Anytime.When you wanna see it.91.A: So where are you working now; TerryB: Oh; I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it; though.A: That’s too bad. Why notB: Well; it’s boring; and it doesn’t pay very well.A: I know what you mean. I don’t like my job either. I wish I could find a better job.B: Actually; I don’t want to work at all anymore. I wish I had a lot of money so I could retire now.A: Hmm; how old are you; TerryB: Uh; twenty-six.2.A: So how are things going with you and Susie; TerryB: Oh; you didn’t know She and I broke up a couple of months ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again.A: I’m sure you will.B: I really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look forA: I’m not sure; but I’d love something that would involve travel. And I’d really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place.I need to live somewhere more exciting.B: I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times. 101. A: Ugh I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.B: So why don't you quitA: Well; if I quit; I might gain weightB: A lot of people do; but...A: And if I gain weight; I won't be able to fit into any of clothes B: Well; you can always go on a diet.A: Oh; no. I'm terrible at losing weight on diets. So if my clothes don't fit; I'll have to buy new ones. I'll have to get a part-time job; and...B: Listen; it is hard to quit; but it's not that hard. Do you want to know how I did it2.A: Well; giving up smoking isn't really as hard as you think. Imanaged to do it; so it can't be that difficult. You should try a nicotine gum. You chew it just like regular chewing gum; and you don't feel like smoking.B: Well; I guess it's worth a try.3.Yeah; I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same things for over five years now; and I’m just not learning anything new. It’s the same routine every day; and I am really sick of sitting in front of a computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I want to be in a profession that involves meeting people.4.I really need to join a club or sports team to give me something to do on weekends. I get really bored on the weekends; and if I joineda club. I’d probably get to meet people and make new friends.5.Gosh; I really have to go on a diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year; and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now; I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.111.A: Hey; this sounds good — snails with garlic Have you ever eaten snailsB: No; I haven’tA: Oh; they’re delicious I had them last time. Like to try some B: No; thanks. They sound strange.C: Have you decided on an appetizer yetA: Yes. I’ll have the snails; please.C: And you; sirB: I think I’ll have the fried brains.A: Fried brains Now that really sound strange2.A: Oh; good. Here comes the waitress nowC: Here are your snails; madam. And for you; sir… the fried brains. B: Thank you.A: Mmm; these snails are delicious How are the brainsB: Well; I think they’re… yuck Oh; sorry; I guess brains are pretty strange after all. Um; I think I’m going to order something else; if you don’t mind.A: Oh; sure. Go ahead.B: Miss Excuse me; missC: YesB: Uh; I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something elseC: Yes; of course. What would you like insteadA: Try the snails.B: No; I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget an appetizer for me; and bring me a nice; juicy hamburger… medium rare…with French fries and a large soda.3.Have you finished with thisA: Have you finished with thisB: No; I’m still drinking it. Thanks.4.A: Did you order thisB: Yes; that’s mine. Mmm; it looks great and smells delicious5.A: Don’t you like itB: I haven’t tasted it yet. I’m waiting for the waitress to bring me a fork.6.A: Did you enjoy itB: Well; it was a little tough. I think it was cooked for too long.7.A: How is itB: Great. Just the way I like it: black and strong.8.A: Your turn or mineB: It’s my treat this time. You paid last time. Remember121.A: I’m so excited We have two weeks off What are you going to do B: I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading. What about you Any plansA: Well; my parents have rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming. B: Sounds greatA: Say; why don’t you come with us We have plenty of room.B: Do you mean it I’d love to2.A: Have you planned anything for the summer; BrendaB: Yeah. I’m going to work the first month and save some money. Then I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadalajara. She says it’s really interesting there; so I want to go and see what to go and see what it’s like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it.3.A: So; what are you planning to do for your vacation; JudyB: Oh; I’m doing something really exotic this year. You know; I went to Hawaii last year; and just stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year; I’m going white-water raftingA: Ooh; that sounds great. But what is it; exactlyB: Oh; well; you know; it’s in Colorado. They have all these trips down the rapids. The water gets really rough; but I think it’ll be really exciting. Oh; I’m doing some rock climbing; too.A: And you call that a vacation131.A: Hey; Mom. I want to backpack around Europe this summer. What do you thinkB: Backpack around Europe That sounds dangerous You shouldn’t go by yourself. You ought to go with someone.A: Yes; I’ve thought of that.B: And you’d better talk to your father first.A: I already did. He thinks it’s a great idea. He wants to come with me2.A: What should people do to make their visit to New York City safe and pleasantB: I think the biggest mistake many people make is trying to do too much in a short time. There’s so much to see and do that you need to have a plan. It’s best to start planning before you get here; so you have information about hotels; restaurants; sightseeing; and so on. Visitors can use our Web site to get the information they need to start planning before they come here; or they can phone or fax us. Interviewer: How safe is New York City for tourists Spokesperson: New York is a much safer place than many people think. In fact; it’s the safest it’s been in thirty yearsInterviewer: Oh; that’s good to hearSpokesperson: Yes; but that doesn’t mean people don’t have to be careful; tourists in New York ought to be careful; just like in any big city in the world. For students; I would say travel in groups. If you get lost; it’s easier as a group to find your way. You really shouldn’t go off on yo ur own if you can find someone to go with you. Another thing to remember is: Don’t be afraid to ask for directions; even if your English isn’t perfect. People often stop me on the street to ask for directions; and that’s not only foreign visitors. American visitors also have trouble finding their way around; and you’ll find New Yorkers are really very friendly.Interviewer: Yes; I agree. We areSpokesperson: Uh-huh.Interviewer: Is there any other advice you can give visitors to the Big AppleSpokesperson: Well; another thing to remember is not to leave anything valuable in your car if you have one. Don’t leave suitcases on the back seat where people can see them; and it’s better not to even leave them in the truck. Most cars are very easy to get into. So it’s notworth the risk. But most people have a great time when they come to New York. And you will; too. If you use your common sense.141.A: Jason…Jason Turn down the TV a little; please.B: Oh; but this is my favorite programA: I know. But it’s very loud.B: OK. I’ll turn it down.A: That’s better. Thanks.B: Lisa; please pick up your things.A: They’re all over the living room floor.B: In a minute; Mom. I’m on the phone.A: OK. But do it as soon as you hang up.B: Sure. No problem.A: Goodness Were we like this when we were kidsB: Definitely2.A: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting He’s alwaysforgetting where his car keys are. It drives me crazy.B: And he can never find his glasses either.A: I know.B: You know what drives me crazy about MomA: WhatB: Those awful talk shows she watches on TV. She just loves them. A: Yeah; I think she watches them for hours everyday.B: Oh; well. I guess they’re just getting old. I hope I never get like that.A: Me; too. Hey; let’s go and play a video game.B: Great idea. By the way; have you seen my glasses anywhere3.A: James; please turn that down…JamesB: Yes; MomA: Turn that down. It’s much too loud.B: Sorry; Mom. I had it turned up because I wanted to hear the game.4.A: Molly; put the groceries away; please. There’s ice cream in one of the bags.B: I can’t right now; Dad. I’m doing my homework.5.A: What’s this; JamesB: Yeah; MomA: Why are there all these wet towels on the bathroom floor Please pick them up and hang them up to dry.B: Gosh; I’m really sorry; Mom. I forgot all about them.7.A: Justin; come help me. We need to wash these dishes before your mother gets home.B: Oh; Dad. I’d like to help; but I have to call Laurie. It’s really important.8.A: Aimee; I think the dog is trying to tell you somethingB: Well; I can’t possibly take him out right now. I’m doing my nails. 151.A: Hi. I’m your new neighbor; George Rivera. I live next door. B: Oh; hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.A: So; you just moved in Do you need anythingB: Not right now. But thanks.A: Well; let me know if you do. Um; by the way; would you mind turning your stereo down The walls are really thin; so the sound goes right through to my apartment.B: Oh; I’m sorry I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh; by the way; is there a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhoodA: Yeah. There’s a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try their lasagna. It’s delicious2.A: Hello. I’m sorry to bother you; but I think your car is parked in my space downstairs.B: ReallyA: Yes. Do you drive a blue HondaB: Yes; I do.A: Well; there’s a blue Honda parked in space 13 and that’s my space. B: Oh; I’m so sorry. My son must have put it in the wrong space. Oursis the one right next to yours-number 12. Let me get my keys; and I’ll go right down and move the car.A: Thanks.B: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.A: I appreciate it.3. A: Gee; Bob; you’re really late. You said you’d be here at six; and look at the time. It’s almost six thirtyB: I’m really sorry. Tell you what: I’ll pay for dinner.A: Oh; it’s all right. You don’t have to do that.B: No; I want to pay. You had to wait for me almost half an hour. A: Well; hey; OK – if you insist. Thanks161.A: Did you know next week is Halloween It’s on October 31B: So what do you do on Halloween We don’t have that holiday in Russia. A: Well; it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words“Trick or treat”B: Hmm. Sounds interesting.A: But it’s not just for kids. Lots of people have costume parties. Hey… my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to goB: Sure. I’d love to.2.A: So are we going to wear costumes to the partyB: Of course. That’s half the fun. Last year I rented this great Dracula costume; and this year I’m going as a clown.A: A clown Yes; you would make a good clown.B: HeyA: Oh; I’m just kidding. What about me What kind of costume should I wearB: Why don’t you go as a witch I saw a terrific witch out fit at the costume store.A: A witch… yeah; that’s a good idea. So after I scare people; you can make them laugh.171.A: You look beautiful in that kimono; Mari. Is this your wedding photoB: Yes; it is.A: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get marriedB: Yes; many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony; the bride usually changes into a Western bridal dress during the reception. A: Oh; I didn’t know that.2.A: Did you get married in a church; MariB: No; the ceremony was held at a shrine.A: Oh; a shrine…B: Yes; we were married by a priest in a traditional Shinto ceremony. A: Hmm. And who went to the ceremonyB: Well; only the immediate family attended the ceremony… you know; our parents; grandparents; brothers and sisters…A: And what about the reception What was that likeB: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception…about a hundred people. And the first thing happened was that the main guests gave formal speeches.A: SpeechesB: Yes; and then after that; all the guests were served a formal meal. While everyone was eating and drinking; lots of other guests gave short speeches or sang songs. Some of the speeches were funny.A: Sounds like funB: Yes; the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during a wedding reception. And then; at the end of the reception; each guest received a present for coming to the wedding.A: A present from the bride and groomB: Yes; it’s a Japanese custom.A: What a nice custom181.A: So what kind of job are you looking forB: Well; I haven’t made up my mind. I love working with people; and I love traveling. I don’t want a job where I’m stuck in an office all day. I want to get out and see the world.A: Are you interested in working in business That’s where you can sometimes make good money.B: I’m not really interested in making a lot of money at this point in my life. I’ll worry about that later2.A: What kind of career are you planning for yourselfB: I don’t know. I think I’d like to have a job where I can help people. Everybody else in my family is in law or business-you know; boring stuff like that. That’s just not for me. I know I’d like to work overseas; though. Maybe in a children’s hospital in a developing country. But that’s a long way away. I have to get into medical school first; and that’s not going to be easy3.A: What kind of job do I have in mind Well; I don’t want a regular nine-to–five job. Eventually; I’d like to get into acting-maybe even break into movies. But I guess that won’t happen for a while.B: So what are you doing in the meantimeA: Well; I work out at the gym nearly every day. I need to be really fit. And I’m taking acting lessons as well so that I feel comfortable in front of the crowd. I just had some pictures taken to show to agents in the city. Would you like to see themB: Sure.191.Tim:I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I want to do with my life. Have you thought about it; Brenda Brenda: yes; I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Tim: maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative. And I like working with kids.Brenda: oh; I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatient. Tim: I know one thing I could never do.Brenda: what’s thatTim: I could never be a stockbroker because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.2.Brenda: my history professor says I should think about a career in politics. But I don’t think I’d make a good politician.Tim: why not; BrendaBrenda: oh; you know me. I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people—you know; like giving speeches and things. And politicianshave to speak in public all the time.Tim: that’s true. You know; that reminds me of a problem I’m having. Brenda: what is itTim: you know my parents have a really successful restaurant; right Well; my father wants me to be the manager.Brenda: and you don’t want toTim: no; not at all. I’d be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.201.A: We are now approaching the famous Statue of Liberty; which has welcomed visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.B: Wow Look at it.A: Incredible; isn’t itB: The statue was given to the United States by the people of France. It was designed by the French sculptor Bartholdi.A: It’s really huge. Do we get to go insideB: Of course. We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.A: Stairs There’s no elevatorB: Not to the top. But it’s just 142 steps2.Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top. In case you’re wondering what the statue is made of; it has a framework inside that’s made of iron; the outer skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together.The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction; and every year about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.21A:The Pyramids were built more than four thousand years ago by the Egyptians. The most famous ones are on the west bank of the river Nile; outside of Cairo. They served as burial places for the Egyptian Kings. After a king’s death; his body was turned into what is called a “mummy.” The preserved it. The King’s mummy was placed inside the pyramid; together with treasures and the King’s belongings.B: The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure ever built. It was built to protect one of the Chinese kingdoms. Much of what existsof the wall today was built during the Ming Dynasty in the late 1400s; although parts of the wall are much older and go back to around 200 B.C. The wall is about 35 feet high; or 11 meters; and a stone roadway runs along the top of it. The main part of the wall stretches for about 2;000 miles; that is; about 3;400 kilometers.221.A: How did you get into modeling; StacyB: Well; when I graduated from drama school; I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions every day; but I never got any parts. And I was running out of money.A: So; what did you doB: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. While I was working there; a customer offered me some work as a model. Within a few weeks;I was modeling full time.A: Wow; what a lucky break2.A: So; Richard; what did you do after you graduatedB: Well; I majored in English literature in college.A: Uh-huh.。
第24章时间序列第一节、时间序列及其分类【本节考点】1时间序列的含义及其构成要素2、时间序列的分类【本节内容】统计对事物进行动态研究的基本方法是编制时间序列。
1时间序列含义:时间序列也称动态数列,是将某一统计指标在各个不同时间上的数值按时间先后顺序编制形成的序列。
2、时间序列的构成要素:(1)被研究现象所属时间:(2)反映该现象一定时间条件下数量特征的指标值。
同一时间序列中,各指标值的时间单位一般要求相等,可以是年、季、月、日。
3. 时间序列的分类:时间序列按照其构成要素中统计指标值的表现形式,分为(1)绝对数时间序列:统计指标值是绝对数。
根据指标值的时间特点又分为:时期序列:每一指标值反映现象在一定时期内发展的结果。
即过程总量。
时点序列:每一指标值反映现象在一定时点上的瞬间水平。
(2)相对数时间序列:统计指标值是相对数(3)平均数时间序列:统计指标值是平均数【例题1:2006年多选题】下表中能源生产总量是()时间序列。
我国1997 —2003年能源生产总量A相对数B. 时期C. 绝对数D. 平均数E. 时点【答案】BC【例题2:2008年多选题】依据指标值的特点,绝对数时间序列分为()A、时期序列B时点序列C相对数时间序列D平均数时间序列E、整数时间序列【答案】AB第二节、时间序列的水平分析【本节考点】1、发展水平的含义及有关概念;2、平均发展水平的含义3、不同时间序列序时平均数的计算方法4、增长量、逐期增长量、累计增长量和平均增长量的含义、计算方法以及它们之间的关系。
【本节内容】一、发展水平明确几个概念:1. 发展水平:发展水平是时间序列中对应于具体时间的指标数值。
2. 最初水平、最末水平、中间水平设时间序列以7■■ ■■'■ ■表示,序列中第一项的指标值称为最初水平,最末项的指标值称为最末水平, 处于二者之间的各期指标值(二…匸一)则称为中间水平。
3. 基期水平和报告期水平(1)基期水平:是作为对比的基础时期的水平;(2)报告期水平:是所要反映与研究的那一时期的水平。
中职课本知识点归纳总结一、数学1. 整数整数是指自然数、负整数和零的集合,表示为…,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,…,其中0为整数集中的唯一“中性”元素。
整数的加法包括正整数加法、负整数加法、正负整数加法和加数包括0。
整数的减法包括正整数减法、负整数减法、正负整数减法和减数包括0。
整数的乘法包括正整数乘法、负整数乘法、正负整数乘法和乘数包括0。
整数的除法包括两数相除、零除、正整数和负整数相除。
2. 分数分数是指整数与非零自然数的比,由分子和分母组成,表示为a/b(b≠0)。
分数的加减法,需要先通分,然后按分数的加法和减法规则进行计算。
分数的乘除法,需要先合并,然后按分数的乘法和除法规则进行计算。
分数的比较,需要先找出分数的公分母,然后按照大小关系进行比较。
分数在实际生活中应用广泛,例如饮品的配比、物品的分配等。
3. 小数小数是指整数部分和小数部分组成的数,表示为a.abb…(b是一个或多个数字)。
小数可以转化成分数,具体方法是把小数部分的数字除以进制数,然后以分数形式表示。
小数的加减法和乘除法与整数和分数的运算方法相似,需要先对齐小数点,然后按照运算规则进行计算。
在现实生活中,小数广泛应用于金钱、时间、计量单位等方面。
4. 常量常量是指在数学和物理问题中,具有唯一确定值的量,通常用大写字母表示,例如π、e、g等。
常量在数学和物理问题中发挥着重要的作用,常常代表了一些普适的物理规律和数学关系。
5. 代数式代数式是指用字母和数以及运算符号组成的式子,例如2x+3,4y-5等。
代数式的值通过对字母赋值,然后按照代数式的运算规则进行计算。
6. 多项式多项式是指由字母和数以及运算符号组成的项式的和,例如2x^2+3x+1,4y^3-5y^2+2y-1等。
多项式的加法和减法需要按照项式的对应关系进行合并,然后进行计算。
多项式的乘法则需要按照分配律和结合律进行计算。
7. 一元一次方程一元一次方程是指只含有一个未知数和次数最高为1的方程,例如2x+3=5,3y-2=1等。
中级总结知识点汇总一、数学1. 代数代数是数学中的一个重要分支,它研究数、符号和变量之间的关系。
代数的基本概念包括代数式、方程、函数和不等式等。
在代数中,我们学会了如何进行整数运算、分式运算、多项式运算等基本操作,掌握了一元一次方程、一元二次方程、多项式方程等基本方程的解法,同时也深入了解了函数的概念和图像、性质等内容。
2. 几何几何是研究空间中的形状、大小、位置关系以及它们的性质和运动的数学学科。
在几何学中,我们学习了点、线、面、体等基本概念,了解了平行线、相交线、角、三角形、四边形等基本图形的性质,学会了测量角度、长度等基本操作,并且深入了解了圆、圆的相关性质、三角形、四边形的相关性质等内容。
3. 概率与统计概率与统计是数学中的一个重要分支,它研究随机现象的规律性以及数据的收集、整理、分析和解释等内容。
在概率与统计中,我们学会了如何计算事件的概率、如何进行随机变量的运算,还了解了抽样调查、数据表示、分布分析、统计推断等内容。
4. 三角学三角学是研究三角形及其相关性质的数学学科。
在三角学中,我们学习了三角函数的概念及其性质,了解了解析三角函数、反三角函数的性质,学会了解三角恒等式、解三角形等内容。
5. 数学思维方法数学思维方法是指独立于特定数学对象的数学思想。
在中级阶段,我们应该掌握数学的基本概念、定理和证明方法等内容,培养数学的逻辑思维和推理能力,以及抽象概念的理解能力。
二、物理1. 力学力学是研究物体运动和受力情况的学科。
在力学中,我们学习了牛顿三大定律、动量守恒定律、角动量守恒定律等基本定律和原理,了解了匀变速直线运动、曲线运动的基本规律,学会了应用力学定律解决实际问题。
2. 热学热学是研究物体热现象以及热能转换的学科。
在热学中,我们了解了热力学基本概念如温度、热量、功等的含义,学习了热力学定律和热力学方程等内容,还了解了热传导、热辐射、热对流等传热方式及其相关内容。
3. 光学光学是研究光现象和光的性质的学科。
Man: On, I’m really sorry. Are you OK?Woman: I’m fine. But I’m not very good at this.Man: Neither am I. Say, are you from south America?Woman: Yes, I am originally. I was born in Argentina.Man: Did you grow up there?Woman: Yes, I did. But my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Man: And where did you learn the rollerblade?Woman; Here in the park. This is only my second time.Man: Well, it’s my first time. Can you give me some lessons?Woman: Sure, just follow meMan: By the way. My name is Ted.Woman: And I’m Anna. Nice to meet you.Man: Hey, hey! That was fun. Thanks for the lesson.Woman: No problem. So, tell me a little about yourself. What do you do?Man: I work in a travel agency.Woman: Really? What do you do there?Man: I’m in charge of their computers.Woman: Oh, so you’re a computer specialist?Man: Well, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.Woman: That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with the computer courses I’m taking.Man: Oh, sure, but only if promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Woman: Hmm…It’s a deal.第二篇Reporter: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong.Yu Hong: I’m from China, from near Shanghai.Reporter: And when did you move here.Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college. That was in 1992.Reporter: And what do you do now?Yu Hong: I’m a transportation engineer.Reporter: I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United State?Yu Hong: Yes, that’s right.Reporter: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the US?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer. There are so many things, really. I guess one of the most difficulties is that I don’t have any relatives here. I mean, I have a lot of friends. But that’s not the same thing. In China, on holidays or the weekend, we visit the relatives. It isn’t the same here.Reporter: And what do you miss the most from home?Yu Hong: Oh, that’s easy. My mom’s soup. She makes great soup. I really miss my mother’s第三篇Man: Hey, are these pictures of you when you were a kid?Woman: Yeah. That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house. When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer.Man: Wow, I bet that was fun.Woman: Yes, we always had a great time. Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach. I had a great shell collection. In fact, I think it still up the attic.Man: Hey, I used to collect shell, too, when I was a kid. But my parents threw them out.You know what I remember most about growing up?Woman: What?Man: Visiting my grandparents’ house. You know on holidays and staff. They lived way out in the country, and my grandda had a horse named Blackie. He taught me how to right. I just love that horse, and she loves me, too. I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparents’ house. And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.Woman: Uh…memories.第四篇Woman: Why is there never a bus when you want one?Man: Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.Woman: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.Man: Good idea. We should say that we need more subway lines, too.Woman: Yes, there should be more public transportation in general.Man: And fewer cars. There is too much traffic.Woman: Say, is that our bus coming?Man: Yes, it is. But look, it’s full.Woman: Oh, no. Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write. Man: So, are you really going to write a paper to the paper?Woman: Sure, I’m going to say something about the buses. They are too old. We need more modern buses, nice air-conditioned ones.Man: And they need to put more buses on the road.Woman: Right, and there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.Man: That’s for sure. It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.Woman: I think they should private cars downtown these days between nine and five.Man: Oh, you mean they should n’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular the workday. Hmm…that sounds like really a good idea.第五篇Woman: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bank is?Man: There is one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.Woman: Oh, thanks. Do you know what time it opens?Man: It should be open now. It opens at 8:00 am.Woman: Good, and can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city?Man: You need to check at the transportation counter. It’s right down the hall.Woman: Ok, and just one more thing. Do you know where the nearest restroom is?Man: Right behind you m’am, see that sign?Woman: Oh, thanks a lot.Woman: Excuse me. It’s me again. I’m sorry. I need some more information if you don’t mind. Man: Not at all.Woman: Thanks. Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city?Man: Well, it depends on the traffic of course. But it usually costs about 40 dollars.Woman: Forty dollars? I guess I’ll take a bus. That means I have almost an hour till the next one. Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place.Man: Go upstairs, and turn right, you’ll see a snack bar on your left.Woman: Thanks very much. Have a nice day.Man: You, too.第六篇Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore. For example, motorists must by a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district. They can go into the business district only they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to by cars. People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car. And the number of certificates is limited, not everyone can get one. There is also a high tax on cars. So it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore, as it does in say United State or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent public transportation system. Their subway system is one of the best in the world. And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.第七篇Father: What do you think?Mother: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment . And the living room is huge. Daughter: But the bedrooms are too small, and there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes. Father: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.Mother: But that apartment was dark and dingy, and it was in the dangerous neighborhood. Father: Let’s see if the real restate agent has something else to show us.Agent: Well, how do you like this place, then?Daughter: Oh, it’s much better than other one. The thing I like best is the bedrooms. They are huge.Mother: Yes, they are nice and big.Daughter: And there are two bathrooms. I can have my own bathroom.Mother: Yes, I guess you could.Daughter: The only problem is the color of the living room. I really don’t like the dark green wall. Father: Oh, I’ sure we can change the color if we want to.第八篇Man: Creative Rental. Good morning.Woman: Hello, I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.Man: Yes, what can I tell you about it?Woman: Where is it exactly?Man: It’s on King Street, just off the free-way.Woman: Oh, near the free-way. Can you hear the traffic?Man: Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some. But the apartment has a lot of space, It has three bedrooms and a very large living room.Woman: I see. And is it on a new building?Man: Well, the building is about fifty years old.Woman: Uh-ha…well, I’ll think about it.Man: Ok, thanks for calling.Woman: Thank you, bye.Woman: Hello.Man: Hello, is the apartment you are advertising is still available?Woman: Yes, it is.Man: Can you tell me a little about it.Woman: Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person. It one room with kitchen at one end. Man: I see, and is it far away from the subway?Woman: There is a subway station just down the street. Actually, the apartment is located right downtown. So you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurant everywhere. But it’s on high floor. So you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.Man: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for. I’d like to come see it, please. Woman: Sure, let me give you the address.第九篇Yeah, I really need a change. I’ve been doing the same things for over five years old, and I’m just not learning anything new. It’s the same routine everyday, and I’m really sick of sitting in front ofthe computer. I think I need to try something totally different. I wana be in a profession that involve meeting people.I really need to join in a club or sports team to give me something to do on the weekends. I get really bored on the weekends. And if join in a club, I probably get to meet people and make new friends.I should take a typing course this summer. I really need it for my school work. And people say that if you can type really well, it’s something you’ll find useful later in life.Gosh, I really have to go on diet. I’ve gained ten pounds since last year and everyone tells me I look fat. And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.第十篇Friend: So where are you working now Terry?Terry: Oh, I’m still at the bank. I don’t like it though.Friend: That’s too bad. Why not?Terry: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.Friend: I know what you mean. I don’t like my job either. I wish I could find a better job.Terry: Actually, I don’t wana work at all any more. I wish I had a lot of money, So I could retire now.Friend: Hmm…how old are you, Terry?Terry: Umm..twenty-six.Friend: So how are things going with you and Susie, Terry?Terry: Oh, you didn’t know. She and I broke up for a couple of moths ago. We decided we needed a break from each other for a while. But I miss her a lot. I wish we could get back together again. Friend: I’m sure you will.Terry: I really hope so. So what kind of job would you like to look for?Friend: I’m not sure. But I love something that would involve travel. I really like to move to another city. I’m sick of this place. I need to move to somewhere more exciting.Terry: I know what you mean. It sure can get boring around here at times.第十一篇Woman: Hey, this sounds good, snail with garlic. Have you ever eaten snail?Man: No, I haven’t.Woman: Oh, they are delicious. I had them last time. Like to try some.Man: No, thanks. They sound strange.Waitress: Have you decided on an appetizer yet?Woman: Yes, I’ll have the snail.Waitress: And you sir?Man: I think I’ll have the fried brains.Woman: Fried brains. Now that sounds really strange.Woman: Oh, good. Here comes the waitress now.Waitress: Here are your snail, madam. And for you sir, the fried brains.Man: Thanks.Woman: Hmm.. these snails are delicious. How are the brains?Man: Well. I think they are…yuck. On, sorry. I guess the brains are pretty strange after all. I think I need to order something else if you don’t mind.Woman: Sure, go ahead.Man: Miss, excuse me Miss.Waitress: Yes?Man: Uh…I really don’t care for this appetizer. Could you bring me something else?Waitress: Of course, what would you like instead?Woman: Try the snails.Man: No, I don’t think so. I’ll tell you what. Just forget the appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juice, hamburger, medium rare with French fries and a large soda.第十二幕Man: I’m so excited. We have two weeks off. What are you going to do?Woman: I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading. What about you? Any plans?Man: Well, my parents had rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks along the beach everyday and do lots of swimming.Woman: Sounds great.Man: Say why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.Woman: Do you mean it? I’d love to.Man: Have you planned anything for the summer, Brenda?Woman: Yeah, I’m going to work for the first month and save some money. Then, I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister. She’s working in Guadahara. She says it’s really interesting there. So I want to go and see what is like. It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish. I’m really looking forward to it.Woman: So what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy?Judy: Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year. You know I went to Hawaii last year and just stayed on the beach for two weeks. This year, I’m going white water rafting.Woman: Oh, sounds great. But what is it exactly?Judy: Oh, well, you know it’s in Colorado. They have all this trip down the rapids. The water gets really rough. But I think it will be really exciting. Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too. Woman: And you call that the vacation?第十三幕Man: Hi, I’m your new neighbor, Gorge Rivera. I live next door.Woman: Oh, hi. I’m Stephanie Lee.Man: So you just moved in . Do you need anything?Woman: Not right now. But thanks.Man: Well, let me know if you do. Um…by the way , would you mind turning your stereo down. The walls are really thin, so the sounds go right through to my apartment.Woman: Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t realize that. I’ll make sure to keep the volume down. Oh, by the way, is there a good Italy restaurant in the neighborhood.Man: Yeah, there is a great one a couple of blocks from here. Try the lazaniar, it’s delicious.Man: Hello, I’m sorry to bother you. But I think your car is parked in my space downstairs. Woman: Really?Man: Yes, do you drive a blue Honda?Woman: Yes, I do.Man: Well, there is a blue Hondo parked in space Thirteen, and that is my space.Woman: Oh, I’m so sorry. My son must have put it on the wrong space. Ours is the one right next to yours, number Twelve. Let me get my keys and I’ll go right down and move the car.Man: Thanks.Woman: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.Man: I appreciate it.第十四篇Farther: Jason, Jason, turn down the TV a little please.Jason: Oh, but is my favorite program.Farther: I know. But it’s very loud.Jason: Ok, I’ll turn it down.Farther: That’s better. Thanks.Mother: Lisa, please pick up your things. They are all over the living room floor.Lisa: In a minute mom I’m on the phone.Mother: Ok, but do it as soon as you hand up.Lisa: Sure, no problem.Mother: Goddess, were we like this when we were kids?Farther: Definitely.Jason: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He is always forgetting where his car keys are. He drives me crazy.Lisa: And he can never find his glasses either?Jason: I know.Lisa: You know what drives me crazy about mom?Jason: What?Lisa: Those awful talk shows she watches on the TV. She just loves them.Jason: Yeah, I think she watches them for hours everyday.Lisa: Oh, well. I guess they are just getting old. I hope I never get like that.Jason: Me too. Hey, let’s go and play the video game.Lisa: great idea. By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere?第十五篇:Man: Did you know next week is Halloween. It’s on October 31st.Woman: So what do you do on Halloween. We don’t have that holiday in Russia.Man: Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes. They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words: Cheat or treat.Woman: Sounds interesting.Man: But is not only for kids. Lots of people have costume parties. Hey, my friend Pete is having a party. Would you like to go?Woman: Sure, I’d love to. So, are we going to wear a costume to the party?Man: Of course. That half the fun. Last year I rented this great dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.Woman: A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.Man: Hey…Woman: Oh, I’m just kidding. What about me? What kind of costume should I wear?Man:Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store. Woman: A witch? Yeah, that’s a good idea. So after I scare people, you can make them laughter.第十六篇Woman1: You look beautiful in that kimono, Merry? Is this your wedding photo?Woman2:Yes, it is.Woman1: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married?Woman2: Yes, many of them do. Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually change into a western bridal dress during the reception.Woman1: Oh, I didn’t know that. Did you get married in a church Merry?Woman2: No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.Woman1: Oh, a shrine .Woman2: Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional shinto ceremony.Woman1: Hmm…and who went to the ceremony?Woman2:Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony. You know our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters.Woman1: And what about the reception. What was that like?Woman2: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception, about a hundred people. And the first thing that happen was that the main guests gave formal speeches.Woman1: Speeches?Woman2: Yes, and then after that, all the guests were served the formal meal. While everyone was eating and drinking, lots of other guests gave short speeches or sand songs. Some of the speeches were funny.Woman1: Sounds like fun.Woman2: Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during wedding reception. And then , each guest received a present for the coming to wedding.Woman1: A present from the bride and groom?Woman2: Yes, it’s a Japanese costume.Woman1: What a nice costume.第十七篇Man: I don’t know what classes to take this semester. I can’t decide what I wana to do with my life. Have you thought about it, Brenda.Woman: Yes, I have. I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Man: Maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative, and I like working with kids. Woman: Oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher. I’m too impatientMan: I know one thing I could never do.Woman: What’s that?Man: I could never be a star broker. Because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.Woman: My history profession says that I should think about the career in the politics. But I don’t I’ll make a good politician.Man: Why not, Brenda?Woman: Oh, you know me. I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people. You know like giving speeches and things, and politicians have to speak in public all the time.Man: That’s true. You know that reminds me a problem I’m having.Woman: What is it?Man: You know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well. My farther wants me to be a manager.Woman: And you don’t want to?Man: No, not at all. I’ll be a terrible manager. I’m much too disorganized.第十八篇Guide: We are now approaching the famous statue of liberty, which has welcome visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.Man1: Wow, look at this, incredible, isn’t it?Guide: The statue was given to the United State by the people of French. It was designed by the French sculptor, Bartholdi.Man1: It’s really huge. Do we get to go inside?Man2: Of course. We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.Man1: Stairs? There is no elevator?Man2: Not to the top. But it’s only just a hundred forty-two steps.Guide: Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top, in case you’re wandering what the statue is made of. It has framework inside that’s made of iron. The outer skin is made of copper. The copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick. The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole things together. The statue of liberty is a major tourist attraction. And every year, about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.第十九篇Man: How did you get into the modeling, Stacy?Woman: Well, when I graduated from Drama School, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions everyday, but I never get any part. And I was running out money.Man: So what did you do?Woman: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. while I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within the few weeks, I was modeling full time.Man: Wow..ha…what a lucky break.Woman: So, Richard. What did you do after you graduated?Man: Well, I majored in English literature in college. So, when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.Woman: Oh, really?Man: Yeah, see…I’ve written a novel and I sent it to eight different publishers, but they all…uh…rejected it. Say would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right here with me.Woman: Well, I’d love to read your literature, but not right now. Um…so do you have a job or anything?Man: Oh, yes. I’m in sales.Woman: Oh, where?Man: Actually, I’m a sale clerk in a hardware store. But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best selling author and I’ll make lots of money.第二十篇Man: Hey, Joan. I haven’t seen you in ages. What have you been doing lately?Joan: Nothing exciting. I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.Man: How come?Joan: I’m saving up money for a trip to Europe.Man: Well, I’ve only spending money. I quit my job to go to graduate school. I’m studying journalism.Woman: Really? How long have you been doing that.Man: For two years. Luckily, I finish it next month. I’m almost out of money.Woman: Hey, Bob. How’s it going?Bob: Pretty good. Thanks.Woman: I haven’t seen you for a while. What have you been up to?Bob: Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy. I finally found one last month and move in next week.Woman: Gee…that’s terrific.Bob: Yeah, I’m really tired of dealing with the land lords. So what have you been doing lately? Woman: Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.Man: Italy? Whereabouts Italy?Woman: Mostly in the north around Milan. I have a cousin up there.Man: I see. Did you have a good time?Woman: Yeah, it was great. In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.Man: You’re kidding. Well, that must be some vacation.第二十一篇Woman: Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.Man: So why don’t you quit?Woman: Well, if I quit I might gain weight.Man: A lot of people do, but…Woman: And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes.Man: Well, you can always go on a diet.Woman: Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight on diets. So, if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job. And…Man: Listen! It’s hard to quit but it’s not hard. Do you wanna know how I did it? Well, giving up smoking isn’t really as hard as you think. I managed to do it, so it can’t be that difficult. You should try nicotine gun. You chew it just like regular chewing gun, and don’t feel like smoking. Woman: Well, I guess it’s worth a try.第二十二篇Woman: Welcome to a night at the movies. I’m Pauling Con.Man: And I’m Colin Hale. Good evening.Woman: Tonight we are going to review the new James Bond film. Well, I really like this new James Bond at the very-very much.Man: Hmm…hmm..Woman: He’s the best actor they’ve ever had in the role, warm, human even funny. A totally believable character.Man: I have to agree. A perfect, double-o-seven type. Colin, what do you think of the story? Woman: It was a standard story for a Bond movie, ugh…the usual beautiful women, the usual evil villain, nothing new.Man: Well, I’m surprised. I have to say that O thought the story was unusually good. The race car scene is exciting and the surprise ending was great.Woman: Well, I can’t agree with you there.Man: Well, what do you think about the photography?Woman: I was not very impressed at all by the photography. Everything looks fake, not real. I can’t believe it was actually filmed at Africa where the story took place.Man: I can’t believe you. I haven’t seen such good photography in a long time, especially in the action scene.Woman: Now that brings up another weakness in the film, the special effects. Again, it’s just the same old staff, the car that flies, the pen is really gum. You get tired of that kind of the thing. Man: I’d hardly think you and I saw the same movie, Pauling. I have to say the special effects were the best ever in the Bond film. For example, the scene will…Woman: Excuse me, Colin. We are going to have to break for a comer show.Man: You’re right Colin. We’ll be right back with our ratings.第二十三篇Man: Look at this. Some guy found $750000. He returned it and the owner thanked him with the phone call.Woman: You’re kidding. If I found $750000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.Man: Why? What would you do?Woman: Well, I’ll go straight to Los Vegas and try my luck in casinos. I could double the money in a day and keep $750000 for myself.Man: You might also lost it all in a day. And then you’d go the jail.Woman: Hmm…you got the point there. So what would you do if you found a lot of money. Man: Oh, you know me Kate. I’m so honest I scare myself sometimes. I’ll take the money straight to the police.Woman: I guess that wouldn’t be such a bad ideal. Maybe you’ll be luckier than the guy in the article. Maybe the owner of the money would give you a big reward.Man: Well, they say honesty pays, right?第二十四篇Daughter: Hey, I wanna backpack around Europe this summer. What do you think?Mother: Backpack around Europe? That sounds dangerous. You shouldn’t go by yourself. You out to go with some one.Daughter: Yes, I’ve thought of that.Mother: And you’d better talk your father.Daughter: I already did it. He thinks it’s a great idea. He wants to go with me.Woman: What are your plans for your summer, Paul?Man: Oh, I’d love to go and lie on the beach somewhere. But I need to save some money for school. I think I’ll stay home and get a job.Woman: That doesn’t sound like much fun.Man: Oh, it won’t be too bad. Some of my friends are going to work this summer, too. So we’ll do some parties on the weekends.。