unit4 earthquakes定语从句

Unit4 Earthquake一：重点单词短语1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。

(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

(3)It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.shake(v.) (shook, shaken)摇动，震动eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。

使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊。

（指人）打颤，颤抖eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger.shake(n.) (C 常用单数）摇动，震动eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手shake one's head 摇头3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。

人教新课标版高一必修1重点提炼：Unit 4 Earthquakes语法突破The Attributive Clause (1)定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, t hat这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。

（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

Unit 4 Earthquakes 定语从句4导学案一、定语从句when，where，why引导的定语从句可用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，但需特别注意以下情况：1.介词后要接关系代词而不接关系副词(因为关系副词用作状语，不做宾语)。

2.介词后的关系代词通常只有两个：which 和whom，先行词指物时用“介词+which”，指人时用“介词+whom”，且两个关系代词不可省略。

3.介词的选取必须遵循两个原则：a.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯；b.根据先行词的搭配习惯。

a. This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan.This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.This is the book from which I learnt a lot.This is the book about which Tom often talks.b. I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the month in which I stayed there.4. 介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略。

（省略时，介词必须后移）（含有介词的动词短语一般不可拆开，介词仍然放在动词的后边，如This is the book which \ that I am looking for. This is the book for which you asked.This is the book (which \that) you asked for.The people to whom you were talking are Swedens.(瑞典人)The people (whom\ who\ that) you were talking to are Swedens.5.“名词+of +which(whom)==whose +名词”This is the house the windows of which(==whose windows) face the south.6.“数词、代词等+介词+关系代词”结构He has two sons two of whom are teachers .He has two daughters one of whom works as a nurse.二、填上适当的关系副词when/where/why，并把它写用两个简单句，注意介词的选择。

【语法讲解】英语Unit 4 Earthquakes引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who,whom, whose等，关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。

一、that的用法关系代词that指物，也可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)等。

如：This is the house (that) Jack’s grandparents live in.The man that is talking to Tom is my English teacher.二、which的用法关系代词which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)等。

如：He lives in an old house which was built 50 years ago.The tomatoes (which) I just bought are very cheap.【提示】当先行词是物时，that和which一般情况下可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用that。

①当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, all, much, few, little, none, the one等不定代词时。

②当先行词被any, all, few, little, the only, the very, no等修饰时。

③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

④当先行词被序数词（含last）修饰时。

⑤当先行词既有人也有物时。

⑥当关系代词在从句中作表语时。

⑦当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复关系代词用that。

⑧有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。

三、who, whom的用法关系代词who(主格), whom(宾格)都指人，其中who在从句中可作主语、宾语（相当于whom）、表语；而whom只能作宾语。

【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

（二）引导词的作用英语中的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词：when, where, why关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。

（三）关系代词that/ which / who / whom/ whose/as 引导的定语从句1. that在从句中作主语或宾语（可省略），指人或物。

例：A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。

I don’t know about the man that you mentioned just now.我不认识你刚才提到的那个人。

2. which 在从句中作主语或宾语（可省），指物.A. the screen of whomB. whom the screen ofC. which the screen ofD. the screen of which答案：CBD5. 关系代词as 在从句中作主语，宾语或表语，指人或物。

关系代词as 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

（1）as引导的限制性定语从句。

例：I have got into the same trouble as he has.我遇到了和他一样的麻烦。

Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.大家经常提到的这样的问题应当解决。

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.这里有一块大得没人能搬动的石头。

辨析：the same…as …; the same …thatI want to buy the same pen as you are using.我想买一支和你正在用的一样的笔。

苏版1unit4Earthquakes疑难解析1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 然而城里的百万群众，没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样，安稳入睡了。

句中who引导的“非限制性定语从句”。

非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、说明或附加说明。

主句与先行词或从句之间一样用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。

没有它，主句意思仍旧完整。

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who，whom，whos e等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。

关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。

关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一样不能省。

2. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 看起来世界的末日到来了。

句子中的as if引导的是表语从句。

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一样结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。

能够接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。

as if 引导表语从句不可省略。

另外，常用的还有the reason is that…和It is because 等结构。

例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.3. All hope was not lost. 并非所有的期望都失去了。