unit4定语从句复习

一、关系代词的用法
1、关系代词which用来指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。
This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.（作主语）
The letter which I received yesterday was from my brother.（作宾语）
【归纳总结】
give out分发；发出；用完give sth.away赠送；颁发；泄露
give back归还；复原givein呈上；倒戈，屈服，认输
give off发出，放出give over停止，中止
give up放弃give on to/onto sth.朝向，面对；通向
8、Your speech was heard by a group of fivejueges,all of whom agreed that it was thebest one this year.
易混词
辨析
例句
injury
多指意外事故受伤。比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
A bullet injured his lefgt eye.
hurt
既可指肉体上的损害，也可指精神上、感情上的损害；作不及物动词，意为“（身体某部位）难受”。指肉体上的损害时，hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用，但若指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
(1)n.裁判员；法官；审判员
His father used to be a judge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。
(2)v.推断；断定

1. 指人的引导词的用法
Do you know the family who always quarrel among themselves? I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南)
job,where。 point, position, stage, state, occasion, and parentswallet uponposition where I’llhe sat. nothing. e.You’ve put meis a friendly relationship. g. His build in a the “物”的先行词，但引导词 situation甚至表示 chair where achieve 这是一种可以很好地使用你的技能的工作。 off. We will start at the point where we left Whatever is left over may be put into the fridge, where it will 代替先行词在从句中必须作地点状语。 He went to the very same place where he found the That’sforjob at which) tiger. (= or three weeks. keep a two where your skills can be put to good use.
which指人的特殊用法 关 系 代 词 用 法 表 解 当先行词指一种职业或表示性格、身份、地位、品德素质

头的特殊疑问句时。
last night?
他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆?
当关系词在从句中作表语时，China isn’t the country (that) it
用hat，而且常省略。如： used to be.
中国不再是以前的中国了。
当主句是以there is. here is.it There is a table in the corner that is
no, every等不定代词修饰时。
几乎没有你能做的工作。
当先行词由人、物等表示并列的词构 They talked about the men and the things that
成时。
they saw.
他们谈到了所见的人和事。
【知识点解析】
当 主 句 是 以 which 或 who 开 Which is the hotel that he stayed at
（作宾语时可省 跟that。
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
略）
当代替物时，可以与 I have a friend that likes listening to classical
which通用。
music.
我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
指物；作主语或 在非限定性定语从句 My parents live in a house which is more than 100
若 前 有 介 词 ， 须 用 人。
whom
The student (whom) I taught two years ago has
joined the army. 我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose
既 指 人 又 指 物 ；是代词的所有格，

Unit4 Earthquake一：重点单词短语1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 现在，假设有一次大地震。

(1)sth. happen to. sb.某事发生在某人身上Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生什么事了吗?(2)happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

(3)It (so) happened that…碰巧......It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇见了彼得。

2. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.shake(v.) (shook, shaken)摇动，震动eg: Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药之前将药瓶摇一摇。

使受震撼；使（信念等）动摇eg: They were badly shaken by the news of her death. 她死的消息令他们大为震惊。

（指人）打颤，颤抖eg: She was shaking with cold/laughter/fear/anger.shake(n.) (C 常用单数）摇动，震动eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sb's hand 与某人握手shake one's head 摇头3. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise(vi.) “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。

即景活用：
(1).The man _______ with _______ whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster. (2).The room _______ _______ in which my family live used to be a garage. (3)The hotel ______ ______we stayed at which stands by the seaside. (4)翻译：这个是我要照顾的小孩。 This is the child whom I will look after.
why you 7. Please give me the reason ________ made such a great success.
that 8. This is the best film __________ I have . seen.
五．注意点 1. (1) Everything _______ that can be done has
which 2. Our class is a big family _________ consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. whose English 3. Yao Hui is the boy ________ study is very good in our class.
在某些固定短语中介词一般不提前
七．巩固练习
Keys： (1)that (2)where (4)which (5)who/that
(6)why
(7)whose
(3)from whom (8)that
(9)Is there anything _________to you? B A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong (10)Look! The dictionary ,____is B red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A. which cover B. the cover of which C. the whose cover D. that the cover whose+n.=the+ n. + of +which Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class? =the hair of whom

总结：关系代词whose通常指人的，也可指物的，（表示某人的，某物的，
先行词和whose后的名词是所属关系）在定语从句中作定语。
Summary
that
关 which 系 代 who 词 whom
whose
指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
指物
在从句中作主语或宾语
指人
在从句中作主语或宾语 在从句中作宾语
Abby told me everything (that) she knew. All that can be done has been done. There is little (that) I can do for you. Any man that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.
100.
指人：作宾语

➢ He is the athlete (who) I met yesterday.
总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
定语从句的关系词
2.关系代词whom ➢ The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor. 宾语（人）
定语从句的关系词
3.关系代词which 指物：作主语
There were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake. 指物：作宾语
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
定语从句的关系词
5.关系代词whose 指人：作定语 ➢ This is the boy whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.

人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识点梳理单选题1、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions. A．thatB．asC．whichD．as that答案：B考查定语从句。

句意：除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言，否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。

在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词things被such修饰，所以应用关系代词as。

故选B。

2、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.A．even ifB．as thoughC．as ifD．if only答案：A考查状语从句。

句意：彼得有时真的很难缠，即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。

A. even if即使，尽管； B. as though似乎，好像； C. as if似乎，好像； D. if only要是...就好了。

空前表示Peter有时候很难缠；空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人，前后有转折关系，只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句，符合题意。

故选A项。

3、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.A．that … precisionB．that … diversityC．/ … precisionD．/ … diversity答案：A考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。

句意：冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动，它在冰上要使用冰刷，这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。

定语从句(The Attributive Clause)(二)概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 和关系副词when, where, why等。

一、关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which的用法1、当先行词是人，关系代词作主语时，我们只能用who/ that，且不能省略。

例如：This is the man who/that helped me.2、当先行词是人，关系代词作宾语时，我们只能用whom/ that / who，可以省略。

例如：The doctor (whom/ that / who) you are looking for is in the room.3、当先行词是物时，不论其作主语、宾语，我们都用that/which,当其作主语时，不能省略；当其作宾语时，可以省略。

例如：1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.2) The noodles (that/which ) I cooked were good.4、当先行词是人或物时,我们用whose来代替my/his/her/its/their。

例如：Do you know the man whose name is Mr. Smith?注：关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时只能用whom, which，whose，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。

例如：1) The man whom/that my teacher is talking with is my father.→The man with whom my teacher is talking is my father.2) The room that/which I live in is good.→The room in which I live is good.3) The man whose department I once worked in was Mr King.→The man in whose department I once worked was Mr King.但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在有关动词的后面。

5.The number of people who / that were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (Many) people were killed or injured. The number reached more than 400,000.
2.A huge crack which / that was 8 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. A huge crack cut across houses, roads and canals. The crack was 8 kilometres long and 30 metres
4.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
But the one million people of the city thought little of these events. They were asleep as usual that night.
定语从句
1.The earthquake was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. The earthquake is more than two hundred kilometres away. The earthquake was felt in Beijing.

年级高二学科英语版本人教新课标版课程标题选修7 Unit 4 定语从句编稿老师冯振宇一校林卉二校黄楠审核刘晓军一、学习目标1. 复习定语从句2. 掌握定语从句的引导词的用法二、重点、难点关系代词that与which的区别以及关系副词的用法。

三、考情分析三大从句是高考的重点，而定语从句又是三大从句难度最大的一类，其难点主要在于其灵活性。

在高考单选中占据1-2分。

四、知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】● 教材原句呈现I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.对比分析第一个句子中的which引导的定语从句修饰前面的photos，而后面的I talk about也是一个定语从句，只不过是省略了引导词that。

第二个句子中的I could see也是一个定语从句，其前也是省略了关系代词that。

【重、难点】I. 概念：（1）定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

（2）先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。

先行词可以为一个名词、代词，有时候还可是一个短语或整个主句。

（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用：1）引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2）必在从句中作某种句子成分（可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词：that（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；可指人或物）which（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语或定语；只可指物）who（主格，在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中可作宾语；只可指人）whom（宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人）whose（属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物）as（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；可指人或物，通常指代事物）；常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）：when（时间状语），why（原因状语），where（地点状语）II. 几个关系代词的基本用法：一）that:①可指人或物；②在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语（指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which）；③一般不用于非限制性定语从句；④不可置于介词后作宾语。

高中英语必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.【发现总结】1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。

2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that，在定语从句中作主语。

3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom，在定语从句中作宾语。

关系代词who/whom常用来指代人；关系代词that/which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。

Unit 4 Sharing一、教学课型:语法复习课（45分钟）二、教材分析：1. 教学内容（见文末）2. 教材处理本课教学任务是复习限制性定语从句。

笔者认为这节课的目的不是解决定语从句“是什么”，而是“怎么用”的问题，因而不适合采用传统语法课以教师为主，讲述－操练的单调做法，而应侧重语法的运用，做到“活”与“实”相结合。

但是，教材所提供地复习练习内容较少，笔者根据教学的实际需要，重新设计教学内容，主要通过展现各种情景，让学生在不同的情景下使用定语从句，查找漏洞，复习巩固已学的语法知识，，并提高知识的运用能力。

3．教学目标（1）复习限制性定语从句的基本用法。

（2）提高学生在不同地情景中运用定语从句的能力。

（3）培养学生猜测能力以及积极合作的意识和相互竞争的能力。

4．教学重点和难点（1）引导学生复习定语从句用法与功能，发现和填补知识漏洞。

（2）提高学生在不同情景中运用定语从句的能力。

三、教学设计1．总体思路笔者坚持以学生为主体，借助多媒体教学手段，以竞赛和游戏的方式组织课堂教学。

本课紧扣本单元志愿者的话题，创设情景，让学生在了解志愿者和志愿者活动的特点以及参与志愿者活动的过程中，复习与运用定语从句。

笔者在教学中首先引导学生回忆定语从句的基本结构，接着进行谜语竞猜，重现定语从句的功能作用；再利用选择填空必答题，让学生复习关系词的选用规则；然后通过开展看图组词成句和补全句子的抢答活动；最后设计志愿者活动，鼓励学生参加自己喜欢的活动，分组合作、讨论，谈谈加入的理由与看法。

整个教学过程遵循由浅入深的教学原则，重点提高学生语言运用能力，学生边玩游戏，边学英语，课堂气氛活跃，效果好。

2．教学过程Step 1: Basic structure revision先行词+ 关系词+ 从句[设计说明]此环节以公式和表格形式测试学生对定语从句基本结构的熟悉情况，简单明了，有利于快速激活学生已有的知识。

Step 2: Riddle competition & function教师将学生分成若干小组，并进行以下谜语竞猜活动：⑴Raise a question and ask the Ss to guess who they are? The question is as followed: They are kind and warm-hearted people who can give time, energy and talents to help others in need and serve their communities, expecting nothing in return. (Key: volunteers)⑵Presenting some pictures on the screen, ask the Ss to look at the given riddles and try to choose the best answers as quickly as they can.① He is the famous player who has become one of the volunteers of China Bone Marrow Bank.② He was the singer whose money was completely spent in sponsoring(资助)poor children to go to school. A B C D③ This is the volunteer sign which/that is designed for the 29th Beijing Olympic Games.④ It is one part of our country where lots of graduators are willing to go and help poor people.⑤ I can well remember the date when the Chinese Young V olunteers Association was founded.⑶ Get the Ss to recall the significant function of attributive clause —— It can modify nouns or pronouns including giving a definition of a word and describing sth. / sb.[设计说明]这环节里笔者利用生动有趣的谜语竞猜游戏，调动课堂活跃气氛。

注意：只能用that的情况 看学考对接77-78页
练习 D 1. Is there anything _____ I can do for you? A. which C. whom B. who D. that
2. I have seen some strange trees, _____ B open at sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. whose leaves C. which leaves D. their leaves 3. All _____ we need is enough rest after B long hours’ work. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
定语从句
定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者 代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被 定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。
位置： 在先行词的后面， （有时会被定语或状语分割开）
关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that， whose
关系代词的功能
关系代词位于先行词和定语从句之间， 起到： 连接主、从句 指代先行词 在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语 重点：划分主从句， 划分从句的成分
指代 在从句 功能 中的作用
指代人
指代物
指代人或 物 that that
主语 宾语 定语
who whom / who
which which
whose (=of whose (=of whom) which)
This is the car which/that he bought last year. 先行词 定语从句 (宾语)

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.
as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
区分定语从句和同位语从句 1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句
关系代词that 和which的区别

that / which whose
who / that
which / that
whom / who
Turn the following sentences into attribute clause.
1. The movie was really moving. I saw the movie last year.
__T_h_e__m_o_v_i_e_t_h_a_t/_w_h_i_c_h_I_s_a_w__l_a_st_y_e_a_r_w__a_s_r_e_a_lly__m_o_v_i_n_g_. ________
2. Tennis has many special terms. Special terms are used to discuss games.
1、定语从句的位置: 1. 紧跟在先行词的后面: You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied.
2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句
He laughs best who laughs last. He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱao.
__T_e_n_n_is__ha_s__m_a_n_y_s_p_ec_i_a_l t_e_rm__s_th_a_t_/w_h_i_c_h_/省__略__a_re__us_e_d_t_o_d_i_sc_u_s_s_g_a_m_e_s.
3. I have a friend. I always turn to her for help when I have trouble.

1.引导非限定性定语从句时，不能用that
不能用which 不能用that
Do you know the boy ___ ____ your mother is talking?2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day ___ ______ I first got to Paris.4. He has three brothers, ____ ______ Li Lei is the youngest one.
He came up with a suggestion, _______ proved to be more than practical.This is the great moment to ________ I look forward.
that
that
that
that
that
which
which
She is a beautiful girl.
名词
Amy is a woman teacher.
名词所有格/形容词
Lucy's father is a poor worker．
代词
My brother is a teacher.
副词
They live in the room above.
介词短语
定语从句
CHAPTER 2
定从的分类
是指先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往用逗号隔开。

talking
make lots of money and that they will buy with them.
That you know, friends awrehavt ery important, so I don&w where and if to find the friends which I want. Can
The day will surely come when everybody realizes the danger of pollution.
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4复习 定语从 句(共2 6张PPT )
人 教 英 语 选 修7Uni t4复习 定语从 句(共2 6张PPT )
2.含有插入语的定从. e.g. I will hire the man who they say is
• The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. It _to_o_k_ (take) them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. When they finally arrived, Mr.Brown said _a_ng_r_ily (angry),”I should be very interested to meet the man w__h_o_ threw the stone _tw_hh_aict_h/ _ you mentioned in the newspaper.”
a good English teacher. The girl who you suppose is honest
is her sister. 3.省略式定语从句：介词+关系代词+不定式。 e.g. I have no pen with which to write =I