高一英语必修一unit4定语从句
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第09练定语从句之关系代词定语从句的先行词和关系词在复合句中作定语,修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句由关系词引导。
限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,若省略,主句的内容就不完整或失去意义;它和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号分开。
先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词指代先行词,在从句中作一定的句子成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose,as等。
先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分,从构成上而言,它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等;从句子成分上而言,它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。
下面,我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布:1.关系代词that即指人又指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟that。
当代替物时,可以与which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
2.关系代词which指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中,可用在介词之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里who,whom指人;作主语或宾语(whom常可省略)先行词必须为人。
Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词,须用whomA couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV.“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
必修一Unit4 语法定语从句定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词(现在分词或过去分词)、副词、不定式(短语)以及介词短语等来充当,也可以由一个句子来充当。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时在从句中充当某种成分。
1.关系词引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词具体见下表:2.关系代词的用法关系代词指代先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
在从句中作宾语时,关系代词常可省略。
(1)that的用法that 指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语,但that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill- cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.在我看来,露营者是喜欢蚊虫叮咬、难吃的饭菜和不舒服的睡袋的人。
( that/who在从句中作主语,不能省略)John is no longer the person ( that/who/whom) I knew five years ago.约翰不再是我五年前认识的那个约翰了。
(that/who/whom在从句中作宾语,可以省略) When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that/which reflected my interest.到了最后决定修一门课程的时候,我决定申请那门能反映我兴趣的课程。
(that/which在从句中作主语,不能省略) The city is no longer the one ( that ) it used to be.这座城市不再是它原来的样子了。
高中英语必修一Unit 4语法知识定语从句精讲【课本例句】诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1.(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.2.(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.3.(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.4.(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.5.(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.6.(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.7.Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.8.Chinais a country that/which has a long history.【发现总结】1.第2、3、4句中的定语从句使用了关系代词who,在定语从句中作主语。
2.第1、8句中的定语从句使用了关系代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语。
3.第6句中的定语从句使用了关系代词whom,在定语从句中作宾语。
关系代词who/whom常用来指代人;关系代词that/which常用来指代物;关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。