采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
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采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
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题 目: 采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展 学 号: **
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年 级: 20**级 学 院: **学院 系 别: *******系 专 业: 指导教师: 完成日期: 20** 年 ** 月 ** 日
采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
摘要
苹果为我国栽培的主要果树品种，在我国北方，每年产量为果品生产第一位。同时苹果以果肉紧脆、细嫩、汁多、酸甜适口、香气浓郁，富含丰富维生素C、糖类和其他营养素，深受人们喜爱。但由于苹果采摘后有病菌附着在果子上，采后容易遇到高温多湿气候，还有因其本身生理特点在采后成分发生变化，容易引起腐败变质，且不同品种苹果保鲜条件也不相同，很难在较长时间得到新鲜供应，从而造成苹果供应的产地与非产地、收获旺季与淡季间差距较大，使得苹果产业发展受到限制。因此有针对性的研究苹果各项生理特征，寻找出最适合保藏苹果的相关条件的，从而研发出低成本、高效率、实用的贮藏保鲜方法具有十分重要的意义。而研发出绿色无污染、对品质无损害、方便快捷的贮藏保鲜方法更是当前热点课题之一。
本论文对苹果采后的各项生理变化、影响贮藏的主要因素及相关病害做出了简介。主要介绍了物理与化学两种保鲜方法，同时简介了生活中现有的8种实用保鲜方法。
关键词: 苹果;贮藏;保鲜 2
采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
Abstract
Apple is the main varieties of planting fruit trees,its’output is
the primary every year of fruit production in north China.Apple is
greatly welcomed for good state as succulent、a good balance
of sweet and sour ,srong flavor and be rich in vitamin and
carbohydrate and so on.Apple is perishable after picked because of
bacteria on it,high temperature ang humidity environment and its’
physiological reaction.The preservation conditions are different of
different varieties,we also hardly provide with fresh apples all the
time,so there is large gap between the apple origin and not,the harvest
season and not which hinger the development of apple industry.In view of
those,it is great meaningful to study a storage-fresh method which is
low-cost,high efficient and feasible by studying apple’s physiological
characteristics and the most suitable storage conditions.At present,it
is one of the most popular topics of research in stoage-fresh method
which is unpollutional and profiet for apple’s quality.
This paper is about the introduction of the apple’s physiological
reaction,factors of influence apple preserve and storage-freshness and
related diseases,which conclude chemical and physics storage-fresh
methods and eight solutions we offen use now.
Key word: Apples; to store up ;fresh-keeping effect
3 采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
目录
1 前言..............................................................
6
2 苹果采后的生理变化................................................
6
2.1 采后苹果呼吸作用 ..............................................
6 2.2 采后乙烯的作用 ................................................ 6
2.3 采后苹果主要成分变化 .......................................... 6
2.3.1 水和糖类 .................................................. 6
2.3.2 淀粉和有机酸 .............................................. 7
2.3.3 果胶和维生素 .............................................. 7
3 影响贮藏因素...................................................... 7
3.1 品种与贮性 ....................................................
7
3.1.1 早熟品种 .................................................. 7
3.1.2 中熟品种 .................................................. 7
3.1.3 晚熟品种 .................................................. 7
3.2 温度 .......................................................... 8
3.3 湿度 .......................................................... 8
3.4 通气 .......................................................... 8
3.5 有害物质 ...................................................... 8
3.6 采收 .......................................................... 9 4 苹果在贮藏中病害及防治措施........................................ 9 4.1
生理病害 ...................................................... 9
4.1.1 虎皮病 .................................................... 9
4.1.2 二氧化碳和缺氧伤害 ....................................... 10
4.2 真菌伤害 ..................................................... 10 5
苹果的保鲜方法................................................... 10 5.1
物理方法 ..................................................... 10
5.1.1 低温保鲜技术 ............................................. 10
4
采后苹果贮藏保鲜的研究进展
5.1.2 气调保鲜技术 ............................................. 10
5.1.3 辐射保鲜技术 ............................................. 11
5.1.4 高压电场处理 ............................................. 11
5.1.5 空气放电处理 ............................................. 12
5.1.6 采后热处理 ............................................... 12
5.2 化学方法 .....................................................
12
5.2.1 涂料涂抹剂 ............................................... 12
5.2.2 乙烯处理剂 ............................................... 13
5.2.3 杀菌防腐剂 ............................................... 13
5.3 实际应用保鲜方法 ............................................. 13
5.3.1 保鲜瓦楞纸箱 ............................................. 13
5.3.2 沼气储藏 ................................................. 13
5.3.3 保鲜纸贮藏 ............................................... 13
