物流与经济发展的关系

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加快我国现代物流发展,对于优化资源配置、调整经济结构、改善投资环境、增强综合国力和企业竞争力、提高经济运行质量与效益、实现可持续发展战略、推进我国经济体制与经济增长方式的根本转变,具有非常重要而深远的意义。

目前,中国的物流成本约占GDP的20%左右,而美国的物流成本约占GDP的8.7%左右。所谓物流成本=库存成本+运输成本+管理成本。库存成本是指保存货物的费用,除了包括仓储、残损、人力费用及保险和税收费用外,还包括库存占压资金的利息。其中利息是当年商业利率乘以全国商业库存总金额得到的。把库存占压的资金利息加入物流成本,这是现代物流与传统物流费用计算的最大区别,只有这样,降低物流成本和加速资金周转速度才从根本利益上统一起来。运输成本包括公路运输、其他运输方式与货主费用。公路运输包括城市内运送费用与区域间卡车运输费用。其他运输方式包括:铁路运输费用、国际国内空运费用、货代费用、油气管道运输费用,货主方面的费用包括运输部门运作及装卸费用。管理费用在物流总成本中所占的比例大体是4%左右。The acceleration of China's modern logistics

development, to optimize the allocation of resources, adjusting economic structure,

improve the investment environment, enhance the comprehensive national strength and

competitiveness of enterprises, improve the economic operation quality and efficiency and

to realize the sustainable development strategy, promoting China's economic system and

the basic transition of the mode of economic growth, has very important and far-reaching

significance.

At present, China's logistics cost accounts for about 20% of GDP, and the American

logistics cost accounts for about 8.7% of GDP.

The so-called logistics cost = inventory cost and transportation cost and management

cost.

Inventory cost refers to save the cost of goods, in addition to including warehousing,

damaged, human expenses and insurance and tax cost outside, still include inventory tie

up funds interest. The interest is the commercial interest rate multiplied by the total

amount of the commercial inventory get. The inventory tie up funds interest to join the

logistics cost, this is the modern logistics and traditional logistics cost calculation of the

biggest difference, the only way, to reduce the logistics cost and accelerate the capital

turnover speed just from fundamental interests unify.

Transportation cost including road transportation, and other transport mode and the owner

expenses. Highway transport including within the city delivery cost and regional truck

transportation cost. Other mode of transport including: railway transportation cost,

domestic and international air freight forwarder, cost, oil and gas pipeline transport costs,

the cost of the owner including shipping department operation and handling fee.

Management cost in the total cost of logistics and the proportion of gross is around 4%.