北京理工大学考博英语真题及其解析

www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校北京理工大学考博英语真题及其解析SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)for

eachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AsformercolonistsofGreatBritain,theFoundingFathersofthe

UnitedStatesadoptedmuchofthelegalsystemofGreatBritain.We

havea“commonlaw”,orlawmadebycourts1amonarchorother

centralgovernmental2likealegislature.Thejury,a3ofordinary

citizenschosentodecideacase,isan4partofourcommon-law

system.

Useofjuriestodecidecasesisa5featureoftheAmericanlegal

system.Fewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointhe

UnitedStates.6thecenturies,manypeoplehavebelievedthatjuries

inmostcasesreachafairerandmorejustresult7wouldbeobtained

usingajudge8,asmanycountriesdo.9ajurydecidescasesafter

“10”，ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejury’sdecision

islikelytohavethe11frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferent

backgrounds,whomustasagroupdecidewhatisright.Gengduoyuan

xiaozhentijiqijiexiqinglianxiquanguomianfeizixundian

hua:silinglingliuliubaliujiuqiba,huojiazixunqq:qiqi

erliuqibawusanqi.

Juriesareusedinbothcivilcases,whichdecide12among13

citizens,andcriminalcases,whichdecidecasesbroughtbythe

government14thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.Juriesarewww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校selectedfromtheU.S.citizensand15.Jurors,consistingof16

numbers,arecalledforeachcaserequiringajury.

Thejudge17tothecase18theselectionofjurorstoserveas

thejuryforthatcase.Insomestates,19jurorsarequestionedby

thejudge;inothers,theyarequestionedbythelawyersrepresenting

the20underrulesdictatedbystatelaw.

1.[A]otherthan[B]ratherthan[C]morethan[D]orrather

2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority

3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock

4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated

5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining

[D]diminishing

6.[A]In[B]By[C]After[D]Over

7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as

8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart

9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While

10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections

[D]speculations

11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake

12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities

13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private

14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying

15.[A]summoned[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]assembled

16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placedwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned

18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides

19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective

20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]units

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(40points)

TextOne

It’splaincommonsense—themorehappinessyoufeel,theless

unhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snot

true.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenot

reallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelings

that,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.

Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelof

unhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.But

whenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessand

unhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.

Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscan

co-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffer

valuablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,

thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmake

youlessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校adviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhich

indicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunin

certainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappiness

doesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisa

talentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.

Psychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthe

feeling—happinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhave

alsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,the

researchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithas

discoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeople

closertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.

Whyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironment?Whenweare

happy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetter

thanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsome

peopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeone

tounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.

Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.

21.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat

[A]unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.

[B]happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.

[C]unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternal

factors.

[D]happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.

22.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby