《数值分析》第一章答案
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《数值分析》第一章答案
习题1
1. 以下各表示的近似数,问具有几位有效数字?并将它舍入成有效数。
(1)*1x =451.023, 1x =451.01;
(2)*
2x =-0.045 113, 2x =-0.045 18;
(3)*
3x =23.421 3, 3x =23.460 4; (4)*
4x =3
1
, 4x =0.333 3;
(5)*
5x =23.496, 5x =23.494; (6)*
6x =96×510, 6x =96.1×510; (7)*7x =0.000 96, 7x =0.96×310-; (8)*8x =-8 700, 8x =-8 700.3。 解:(1) =*
1x 451.023 =1x 451.01
=-1*1x x 0.0131
10
2
1-?≤
,1x 具有4位有效数字。→1x 451.0
(2) -=*2x 0.045 113 -=2x 0.045 18
=-
24
10
21x x 0.045 18045113.0-=0.000 0673
10
2 1-?<
2x 具有2位有效数字,045
.02
-→x
(3)=*
3x 23.4213 =3x 23.4604
=-3*
3x x =-4604.234213.23=-4213.234604.231
10
2
10391.0-?≤
3x 具有3位有效数字,4.233→x (不能写为23.5)
(4) =
*
4x 3
1 ,=4x 0.3333
=-4*
4x x 4
10
2
1000033.0-?<
,4x 具有4位有效数字,=4x 0.3333
(5) =*
5x 23.496,=
5
x 23.494
=-5
*5
x x =-494.23496.232
10 21002.0-?<
5x
具有4位有效数字,
→
5x 23.50 (不能写为23.49)
(6) =
*
6x 5
1096?7
10
96.0?=
=6x 5
10
1.96?7
10
961.0?=
=-6*6
x x 7
10
001.0-?7
2
10
102
1--??≤
6x 具有2位有效数字,57610961096.0?=?=x
(7) =*7x 0.00096 3
71096.0-?=x
3
*710
96.0-?=x =-7* 7x x 0 7x 精确
(8) 8700*
8-=x 8x 3.8700-=
8*8
x x -0
10
2
13.0?≤
=
8x 具有4位有效数字,8x 8700-=精确
2.以下各数均为有效数字: (1) 0.1062 + 0.947; (3)2.747?6.83;
(2)23.46―12.753; (4)1.473 / 0.064 。
问经过上述运算后,准确结果所在的最小区间分别是什么? 解:(1)
1x =0.1062,2x =0.947,1x +2x =1.0532
)(1x e 4
10
2
1-?≤
,)(2x e 3
10
2
1-?≤
)()()(2121x e x e x x e +≈+≤
+≤)()(21x e x e 3
4
10
2
110
21--?+
=0.00055
*
2*1x x +∈[1.053200055
.0-,1.0532+0.00055]=[1.05265,1.05375] (2)
1x =23.46, -=2x 12.753
=
-21x x 10.707
)(1x e 2
10
2
1-?≤
,)(2x e 3
10
2
1-?≤
)()()(2121x e x e x x e -≈-≤)
()(21x e x e +
3
2
10
2
110
2
1--?+
≤
=0.0055
∈-*
2*
1x x [10.7070055 .0-, 10.707+0.0055]=[10.7015,10.7125]
(3)
=1x 2.747
=2x 6.83
=21x x 18.76201,
≤
)(1x e 3
10
2
1-?, )(2x e 2
10
2
1-?≤
)()()()()(2112211221x e x x e x x e x x e x x x e +≤+≈
=
+??
≤---2
2
3
10
2
110
2
1747.210
2
183.6(0.683+2.747)=0.01715
]77916.18,74486.18[]01715.076201.18,01715.076201.18[*
2*1=+-∈x x
(4) =1x 1.473 ,
=2x 0.064 ,
=21x x 23.015625
)(1x e 3
102
1-?≤, )(2x e 3
10
2
1-?≤
)()(1)(222
1
12
2
1
x e x x x e x x x e -
≈
=
+≤
)()(1)(
222
1
12
2
1
x e x x x e x x x e 3
2
3
10
2
1064 .0473.110
21064
.01--??
+
=0.187622
∈*2
*1
x x [23.015625187622.0-, 23.015625+0.187622]
=[22.828003 , 23.203247] 3.对一元2次方程01402
=+-x x ,如果≈39919.975
具有5位有效数字,
求其具有5位有效数字的根。
解:01402
=+-x x
399
400402
=+-x x
=*
1x 39920+
, =*
2x 399
20139920+
=
-
记
=
*
x 399
,=x 19.975 )(x e 3 10
2
1-?≤
=1x 20x +=20+19.975=39.975 )()(21x e x e =3
10
21-?≤
∴
1x 具有5位有效数字。
=
2x
025*******
.0975
.391975
.19201201==
+=
+x
-
≈)(2x e 2
)20()(x x e + ,
≤+≈
2
2)
20()
()(x x e x e 6
6
2
310
2
110
313.0975 .3910
2
1---?<
=?
因而
2x 具有
5位有效数字。
≈2x 0.025016
也可根据
=21x x 1
得到 =
=
1
21x x 025*******
.0975
.391
= 21
12)
()(x x e x e -
≈ 2
6
21
12975
.3910
2
1
)
()(-?≤≈
x x e x e
4.若937.01≈x 具有3位有效数字,问1x 的相对误差限是多?设 x x f -=
1)(,求)(1x f 的绝对误差限和相对误差限。
解:=1x 0.937
)(1x e 3
10
2
1-?≤
≤=
111)()(x x e x e r 3
3
10
534.0937
.010
2
1
--?=?
x
x f -=
1)( ,x x f --=
'121)(
='≈)()()(x e x f f e 21-
)(11x e x
-?
,
≈
))((1x f e 2
1)(1111x e x -?
3
3
10