《数值分析》第一章答案

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《数值分析》第一章答案

习题1

1. 以下各表示的近似数,问具有几位有效数字?并将它舍入成有效数。

(1)*1x =451.023, 1x =451.01;

(2)*

2x =-0.045 113, 2x =-0.045 18;

(3)*

3x =23.421 3, 3x =23.460 4; (4)*

4x =3

1

, 4x =0.333 3;

(5)*

5x =23.496, 5x =23.494; (6)*

6x =96×510, 6x =96.1×510; (7)*7x =0.000 96, 7x =0.96×310-; (8)*8x =-8 700, 8x =-8 700.3。 解:(1) =*

1x 451.023 =1x 451.01

=-1*1x x 0.0131

10

2

1-?≤

,1x 具有4位有效数字。→1x 451.0

(2) -=*2x 0.045 113 -=2x 0.045 18

=-

24

10

21x x 0.045 18045113.0-=0.000 0673

10

2 1-?<

2x 具有2位有效数字,045

.02

-→x

(3)=*

3x 23.4213 =3x 23.4604

=-3*

3x x =-4604.234213.23=-4213.234604.231

10

2

10391.0-?≤

3x 具有3位有效数字,4.233→x (不能写为23.5)

(4) =

*

4x 3

1 ,=4x 0.3333

=-4*

4x x 4

10

2

1000033.0-?<

,4x 具有4位有效数字,=4x 0.3333

(5) =*

5x 23.496,=

5

x 23.494

=-5

*5

x x =-494.23496.232

10 21002.0-?<

5x

具有4位有效数字,

5x 23.50 (不能写为23.49)

(6) =

*

6x 5

1096?7

10

96.0?=

=6x 5

10

1.96?7

10

961.0?=

=-6*6

x x 7

10

001.0-?7

2

10

102

1--??≤

6x 具有2位有效数字,57610961096.0?=?=x

(7) =*7x 0.00096 3

71096.0-?=x

3

*710

96.0-?=x =-7* 7x x 0 7x 精确

(8) 8700*

8-=x 8x 3.8700-=

8*8

x x -0

10

2

13.0?≤

=

8x 具有4位有效数字,8x 8700-=精确

2.以下各数均为有效数字: (1) 0.1062 + 0.947; (3)2.747?6.83;

(2)23.46―12.753; (4)1.473 / 0.064 。

问经过上述运算后,准确结果所在的最小区间分别是什么? 解:(1)

1x =0.1062,2x =0.947,1x +2x =1.0532

)(1x e 4

10

2

1-?≤

,)(2x e 3

10

2

1-?≤

)()()(2121x e x e x x e +≈+≤

+≤)()(21x e x e 3

4

10

2

110

21--?+

=0.00055

*

2*1x x +∈[1.053200055

.0-,1.0532+0.00055]=[1.05265,1.05375] (2)

1x =23.46, -=2x 12.753

=

-21x x 10.707

)(1x e 2

10

2

1-?≤

,)(2x e 3

10

2

1-?≤

)()()(2121x e x e x x e -≈-≤)

()(21x e x e +

3

2

10

2

110

2

1--?+

=0.0055

∈-*

2*

1x x [10.7070055 .0-, 10.707+0.0055]=[10.7015,10.7125]

(3)

=1x 2.747

=2x 6.83

=21x x 18.76201,

)(1x e 3

10

2

1-?, )(2x e 2

10

2

1-?≤

)()()()()(2112211221x e x x e x x e x x e x x x e +≤+≈

=

+??

≤---2

2

3

10

2

110

2

1747.210

2

183.6(0.683+2.747)=0.01715

]77916.18,74486.18[]01715.076201.18,01715.076201.18[*

2*1=+-∈x x

(4) =1x 1.473 ,

=2x 0.064 ,

=21x x 23.015625

)(1x e 3

102

1-?≤, )(2x e 3

10

2

1-?≤

)()(1)(222

1

12

2

1

x e x x x e x x x e -

=

+≤

)()(1)(

222

1

12

2

1

x e x x x e x x x e 3

2

3

10

2

1064 .0473.110

21064

.01--??

+

=0.187622

∈*2

*1

x x [23.015625187622.0-, 23.015625+0.187622]

=[22.828003 , 23.203247] 3.对一元2次方程01402

=+-x x ,如果≈39919.975

具有5位有效数字,

求其具有5位有效数字的根。

解:01402

=+-x x

399

400402

=+-x x

=*

1x 39920+

, =*

2x 399

20139920+

=

-

=

*

x 399

,=x 19.975 )(x e 3 10

2

1-?≤

=1x 20x +=20+19.975=39.975 )()(21x e x e =3

10

21-?≤

1x 具有5位有效数字。

=

2x

025*******

.0975

.391975

.19201201==

+=

+x

-

≈)(2x e 2

)20()(x x e + ,

≤+≈

2

2)

20()

()(x x e x e 6

6

2

310

2

110

313.0975 .3910

2

1---?<

=?

因而

2x 具有

5位有效数字。

≈2x 0.025016

也可根据

=21x x 1

得到 =

=

1

21x x 025*******

.0975

.391

= 21

12)

()(x x e x e -

≈ 2

6

21

12975

.3910

2

1

)

()(-?≤≈

x x e x e

4.若937.01≈x 具有3位有效数字,问1x 的相对误差限是多?设 x x f -=

1)(,求)(1x f 的绝对误差限和相对误差限。

解:=1x 0.937

)(1x e 3

10

2

1-?≤

≤=

111)()(x x e x e r 3

3

10

534.0937

.010

2

1

--?=?

x

x f -=

1)( ,x x f --=

'121)(

='≈)()()(x e x f f e 21-

)(11x e x

-?

,

))((1x f e 2

1)(1111x e x -?

3

3

10