不规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则表
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不规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则表1:
1、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read
2、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
1) 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight-fought-fought
2) 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3) 过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4) 把-eep变为-ept。
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
5) 把-ell变为-old。
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6) 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
feel—felt—felt
7) 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
8) 过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id。 say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
9) 改变元音字母。
meet—met—met
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
lose—lost—lost
10) 改变辅音字母。
make—made—made
11) 改变元、辅音字母。
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have(has)—had—had
understand—understood—understood
3、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
1)原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
be—was—been
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
2)词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
3)词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
arise—arose—arisen
4)过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。
break—broke—broken
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
speak—spoke—spoken
wake—woke—woken
5)过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
forget—forgot—forgotten
6)过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7)词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8)i—a—u变化。
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
4、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
come—came—come
become—became—become
run—ran—run
5、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。
can—could may—might
will—would
shall—should
不规则动词的过去分词变化规则表2:
(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
cost(花费) cost cost
cut(割) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
let(让) let let
put(放) put put
read (读) read read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
beat(跳动) beat beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
become(变成) became become
come(来) came come
run(跑) ran run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
dig(挖) dug dug
get(得到) got got
hang(吊死) hanged hanged
hang(悬挂) hung hung
hold(抓住) held held
shine(照耀) shone shone
sit(坐) sat sat
win (赢) won won
meet(遇见) met met
keep (保持) kept kept
sleep(睡) slept slept
sweep(扫) swept swept
feel(感觉) felt felt
smell(闻) smelt smelt
leave(离开) left left
build(建设) built built lend(借出) lent lent
send (传送) sent sent
spend(花费) spent spent
lose (丢失) lost lost
burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
learn(学习) learnt learnt
mean(意思是) meant meant
catch(抓住) caught caught
teach(教) taught taught
bring(带来) brought brought
fight (战斗) fought fought
buy(买) bought bought
think(想) thought thought
hear (听见) heard heard
sell(卖) sold sold
tell(告诉) told told
say(说) said said
find(找到) found found
have/has(有) had had
make(制造) made made
stand(站) stood stood
understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw (画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown
show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken
choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woke
drive(驾驶) drove driven
eat(吃) ate eaten
fall(落下) fell fallen
give(给) gave given
rise(升高) rose risen
take(取) took taken
mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
ride(骑) rode ridden
write(写) wrote written
do(做) did done
go(去) went gone
lie(平躺) lay lain
see(看见) saw seen
wear (穿) wore worn
be ( am, is, are )(是) was, were been