Analysis of the Major Character in the Catcher in the Rye

The Theme of Jane EyreJane‘s natural disposition is stubborn,and because of the early death of her parents, she has to live with her aunt and her families. Her aunt is so ruthless that she sends Jane into the orphanage which has the most harsh rules. So, during her early age,Jane has went through many kinds of bitterness.But her spiritual world therefore becomes more fortitude. After growing up, she goes to the reinfeldt's castle to become the family teacher of Mr Rochester's children. In her eyes,Rochester is arrogant but full of charm, and Rochester considers her as the only one can talk to.And they fall in love with each other.In their wedding,Jane knows that Rochester had married, his wife is the crazy woman!To pursue freedom and equality,Jane flee from him.But after a long time, she knows her real love is Rochester. She goes back to reinfeldt's, but the castle has been burn into ruins by the crazy woman,and Rochester also blind to save her. Among the ruins, Jane looking for Rochester,and they hug each other, no longer separation.It explains such a theme: the value of a man = dignity + love.One theme is Jane's dignity.In Mrs. Reed home, 10-year-old Jane,has to face her cousins' discrimination and abuse. But she expresses a strong resistance spirit. When her cousin beat her, she responds to; When her aunt exclaims that their children get away from her, she shouted "they do not deserve with me together"; When she is imprisoned in the room,thinking of the abuse, she shout loudly "unfair" from the heart. At the orphanage, Jane's resistance character become more distictive. This is a clear contract with her friend Helen,who is oppressed cruelly but believes in "love your enemy". But Jane detests the principal and the ruthless teachers. She said: "if she uses the root note hit me, and I will take it away from her hand, and break it in front of her."It fully demonstrates that she unwilling humiliation and won't surrender to the fate.Another theme of the novel is Jane and Rochester's love. Jane Eyre's love view deepen her personality. She thinks love should be set up on the basis of equality spirit, and should not depend on social status, wealth and appearance.Only when men and women both truly love each other,can they get real happiness. On the pursuit of happiness, Jane showed unusual pure, simple thoughts and feelings and indomitable courage. She doesn't because of the servant status give up the pursuit of happiness.Her love is pure, noble.She doesn't interested in his weath. She loves him because he can treat her equally,and take her as a friend.As Rochester speaking, Jane Eyre likes a stream of fresh wind, so that he is braced up.In the past,Rochester had been used to the hypocrisy of the society. And Jane Eyre's simplicity, kind and independentpersonality recall his pursuit and yearning for the life.Jane sympathize for the unfortunate fate of Rochester, thinking his mistake is caused by the objective environment. Despite his ugly, and later he becomes a bankruptcy disabled,what she sees is his inner beauty and sympathize with his unfortunate fate.So, eventually marry him.In the novel,there are two basic melody of Jane's pursuit of life: passion, fantasy, resistance and perseverance;desire for the happiness and freedom of life and the higher realm of spirit pursuit. The theme of the novel is expressed through the rough life experiences of the orphan girl, success in making an heroin who is courageous and tough.Analysis of Major CharactersJane EyreThe development of Jane Eyre’s character is central to the novel. From the beginning, Jane possesses a sense of her self-worth and dignity, a commitment to justice and principle, a trust in God, and a passionate disposition. Her integrity is continually tested over the course of the novel, and Jane must learn to balance the frequently conflicting aspects of herself so as to find contentment.An orphan since early childhood, Jane feels exiled and ostracized at the beginning of the novel, and the cruel treatment she receives from her Aunt Reed and her cousins only exacerbates her feeling of alienation. Afraid that she will never find a true sense of home or community, Jane feels the need to belong somewhere, to find “kin,” or at least “kindred spirits.” This desire tempers her equally intense need for autonomy an d freedom.In her search for freedom, Jane also struggles with the question of what type of freedom she wants. While Rochester initially offers Jane a chance to liberate her passions, Jane comes to realize that such freedom could also mean enslavement—by l iving as Rochester’s mistress, she would be sacrificing her dignity and integrity for the sake of her feelings. St. John Rivers offers Jane another kind of freedom: the freedom to act unreservedly on her principles. He opens to Jane the possibility of exercising her talents fully by working and living with him in India. Jane eventually realizes, though, that this freedom would also constitute a form of imprisonment, because she would be forced to keep her true feelings and her true passions always in check.Charlotte Brontë may have created the character of Jane Eyre as a means of coming to terms with elements of her own life. Much evidence suggests that Brontë, too, struggled to find a balance between love and freedom and to find others who understood her. At many points in the book, Jane voices the author’s then-radical opinions on religion, social class, and gender.Edward RochesterDespite his stern manner and not particularly handsome appearance, Edward Rochester wins Jane’s heart, because she feels the y are kindred spirits, and because he is the first person in the novel to offer Jane lasting love and a real home. Although Rochester is Jane’s social and economic superior, and although men were widely considered to be naturally superior to women in the Victorian period, Jane is Rochester’s intellectual equal. Moreover, after their marriage is interrupted by the disclosure that Rochester is already married to Bertha Mason, Jane is proven to be Rochester’s moral superior.Rochester regrets his former libertinism and lustfulness; nevertheless, he has proven himself to be weaker in many ways than Jane. Jane feels that living with Rochester as his mistress would mean the loss of her dignity. Ultimately, she would become degraded and dependent upon Rochester for love, while unprotected by any true marriage bond. Jane will only enter into marriage with Rochester after she has gained a fortune and a family, and after she has been on the verge of abandoning passion altogether. She waits until she is not unduly influenced by her own poverty, loneliness, psychological vulnerability, or passion. Additionally, because Rochester has been blinded by the fire and has lost his manor house at the end of the novel, he has become weaker while Jane has grown in strength—Jane claims that they are equals, but the marriage dynamic has actually tipped in her favor.Helen BurnsHelen Burns, Jane’s friend at Lowood School, serves as a foil to Mr. Brocklehurst as well as to Jane. While Mr. Brocklehurst embodies an evangelical form of religion that seeks to strip others of their excessive pride or of their ability to take pleasure in worldly things, Helen represents a mode of Christianity that stresses tolerance and acceptance. Brocklehurst uses religion to gain power and to control others; Helen ascetically trusts her own faith and turns the other cheek to Lowood’s harsh policies.Although Helen manifests a certain strength and intellectual maturity, her efforts involve self-negation rather than self-assertion, and Helen’s submissive and asceticnature highlights Jane’s more headstrong character. Like Jane, Helen is an orphan who longs for a home, but Helen believes that she will find this home in Heaven rather than Northern England. And while Helen is not oblivious to the injustices the girls suffer at Lowood, she believes that justice will be found in God’s ultimate judgment—God will reward the good and punish the evil. Jane, on the other hand, is unable to have such blind faith. Her quest is for love and happiness in this world. Nevertheless, she counts on God for support and guidance in her searchSt. John RiversSt. John Rivers is a foil to Edward Rochester. Whereas Rochester is passionate, St. John is austere and ambitious. Jane often describes Rochester’s eyes as flashing and flaming, whereas she constantly associates St. John with rock, ice, and snow. Marriage with Rochester represents the abandonment of principle for the consummation of passion, but marriage to St. John would mean sacrificing passion for principle. When he invites her to come to India with him as a missionary, St. John offers Jane the chance to make a more meaningful contribution to society than she would as a housewife. At the same time, life with St. John would mean life without true love, in which Jane’s need for spiritual solace would be filled only by retreat into the recesses of her own soul. Independence would be accompanied by loneliness, and joining St. John would require Jane to neglect her own legitimate needs for love and emotional support. Her considerat ion of St. John’s proposal leads Jane to understand that, paradoxically, a large part of one’s personal freedom is found in a relationship of mutual emotional dependence.Character Contrast of Rochester and John in Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a famous novel written by Charlotte Bronte. Jane is the heroine of the book, and she finally married Edward Rochester and they lived a happy life together. There is a person who may be easily neglected——St. John Rivers. He was Jane’s cousin, and also proposed to Jane. But Jane chose Rochester after struggling. There are remarkable differences between Rochester and St. John.Even the adjectives used by Charlotte Bronte for the two male characters are opposite: Rochester is fire and St John is ice.Jane is affected by both men. Bronte wrote, “I was almost as hard beset by him (St John) now as I had been once before, in a different way, by another(Rochester). I was a fool both times. To have yielded then would have been an error of principle; to have yielded now would have be en an error of judgment.”Jane was affected by Rochester because she loved him so much, because he saw what she was and appreciated and encouraged her. She was affected by Rivers because she owed him her life, because he was one of her few relatives, because she was too depressed to resist his efforts and finally because he possessed a character that didn’t explode with anger to help her channel her own against him. When Rochester offered Jane a love without marriage, and John offered her a marriage without love, she gave up all them. Eventually she got the love with marriage, and she chose Rochester as her better half.Edward Rochester, as Jane’s employer and the master of Thornfield, was a wealthy, passionate man with a dark secret that provides much of the novel’s suspense. At first, he seemed indifferent to his employees, including Jane. He was a strange man according to the account of Mrs. Fairfax, “His character is unimpeachable. He is rather peculiar. He is considered a just and liberal landlord by his tenants, but he has never lived much amongst them.”( VolumeⅠ, Chapter Ⅺ, 166) So Jane was curious about him, and cautious when talking with him.Despite Rochester’s stern manner and not particularly handsome appearance, Edward Rochester wined Jane’s heart, because she felt they were kindred spirits and because he was the first person in the novel to offer Jane lasting and a real home. Bronte wanted readers to know that Jane was not attracted by Edward’s appearance but because she recognized something good in his soul.Rochester seemed to be a Gothic hero. He was haunted by his shameful past. He was rash and impetuous when he was young. His problems of Bertha Mason and Celine Varens were partly the result of his recklessness. On the other hand, he was a sympathetic figure. First, he didn’t abandon Adele Varens though he didn’t believe she was his daughter. Second, he stuck to taking care of Bertha though he had suffered so long. What was worse, he was blind and lost one arm for saving his servants when Bertha set big fire. So we can draw a conclusion, actually Rochester was a great man.“While Rochester is a prototype of the fiery, passionate, unconventional man,St. John is his opposite: cold, hard-hearted and repressed.”(Harvard Blue Sky Most popular Study Guides)St. John River was a handsome young clergyman who was the brother of Diana and Mary Rivers. When Jane arrived at Moor House, hungry and penniless, fleeing from Thornfield Hall, John offered her shelter. Although Jane became close friends with the Rivers sisters, she found that St. John had a “reserved, an abstract, and even a brooding nature.”“Now, I did not like this, reader, St. John was a man; but I began to feel he had spoken truth of himself, when he said he was hard and cold. The humanities and amenities of life had no attraction for him...As I looked at his lofty forehead, still and pale as a white stone…I comprehended all at once that he would hardly make a good husband.”( VolumeⅢ, Chapter Ⅷ) From Jane’s words, we can see John was not a ideal husband.He was a pious Christian and humble to work for God. It is easily noticed from his words, “I cannot accept on his behalf a divided allegiance. It must be entire.”(Page 411), and “I, for instance, am but dust and ashes.” (Page 411) .But from the long conversation between and John and Jane, when he asking Jane to marry him and be the wife of a missionary, his aggressive and controlling in his interactions with others exposed. He was entirely alienated from his feelings and devoted solely to an austere ambition. He said, “But, as it is, either our union must be consecrated and sealed by marriage, or it can not exist.” When Jane regarded him as a brother, he answered, “We cannot——we cannot”with short, sharp determination.When I saw thus words during reading the book, I doubted whether John loved Jane or not. He never said “I love you” to Jane, nor did he remember to shake hands with her when living. He just wanted a wife he can “influence efficiently” and “retain absolutely”, rather someone he beloved.So there are sharp distinguishes between Rochester and St. John. Jane described Rochester’s eyes as flashing and flaming, whereas she constantly associated St. John with rock, ice and snow. St. John was self-centered whileRochester not. To match Jane, Rochester tried to change himself. He tried to understood Jane and expressed his feelings truly, sincerely and faithfully. But John didn’t try to change himself. He selected Jane as his wife after noticed Jane’s abilities and good qualities, but he himself did nothing.John vented his passions while John repressed it. Although he “flushed” and “kindled”at the sight of Rosamond Oliver, he would rather turn himself into “an automation” than succumb to Rosamond’s beauty or fortune. What’ s more, Rochester gave Jane freedom while John threatened Jane like a “shackle” through his assertion of his “masterhood”. Optimistic critics point to Jane’s description of St. John as her reminder that the marriage she rejected would offer her much more stifling.By entering into marriage, Jane did enter into a sort of “bond” and get in many ways. This “bond” was the “escape” that she had sought all long. If Jane accepted John’s request, how different her life would be.。

Analysis of the main character1、Elizabeth BennetElizabeth is the female protagonist of the novel-pride and prejudice. At the first of the novel, we can see that as a second-class citizen, she is also look forward to nobility life. When she hears that she can join the dancing party, she is as happy as her sister. At the party, there are some bad things happened, our female protagonist invited Darcy to dance, but she is refused by Darcy. And she heard that Darcy said she looks just so-so. These things make Elizabeth have a little prejudice to Darcy.Elizabeth is just somebody, so she also makes mistakes. I think she is also independent. When she knows Darcy how to comment on her, she said she will never want to dance with Darcy.She cannot wrong herself just because of benefit and wealth. She said “only love will make me want another marriage.”These words prove that she is looking forward to freedom marriage ,not money marriage.Elizabeth has strong self-esteem not allow her just marriage for money and other things what is not relate of love. Elizabeth is very true, when she go to billion’s home, there are some dirties on her dress, but she don’t care, she don’t think is embarrass. When she found Mr.Darcy is pride, she doesn’t hesitate telling her own felling to Darcy. She don’t feel humble for her birth and not feel Darcy is noble than her. She is more dignified than her sisters, and she has no more passion on the first-class. When her sister keen on the party, she is quite. She feels that is breach of etiquette. These are the differences between her and her sisters.Elizabeth is sensible. She knows what she wants, so at the first time Darcy proposal of marriage to her, she refused. Because she thinks Darcy is a bad man. But at the second time she knows the truth, she aggress his propose marriage. She aggress him because of love instead of his wealth.Just in a word, Elizabeth is intelligent and witty, courageous, visionary, and she also has strong self-esteem. And she is good at thinking and using her knowledge to enrich her mind.She breaks through the property, status and secular perspective. At last she found her true love in the full of hypocrisy and vanity society. She is the symbol of a new era woman.2、Mr. DarcyAn extremely wealthy aristocrat, Darcy is proud, haughty and extremely conscious of class differences at the beginning of the novel. He does, however, have a strong sense of honor and virtue. Elizabeth's rebukes after his first proposal to her help him to recognize his faults of pride and social prejudice. It is, in fact, precisely because Elizabeth is not so awed by his high social status as to be afraid to criticize his character that he is attracted to her. The self-knowledge acquired from Elizabeth's rebukes and the desire to win Elizabeth's love spur him to change and judge people more by their character than by their social class.The son of a wealthy, well-established family and the master of the great estate of Pemberley, Darcy is Elizabeth’s male counterpart. The narrator relates Elizabeth’s point of view of events more often than Darcy’s, so Elizabeth often seems a more sympathetic figure. The reader eventually realizes, however, that Darcy is her ideal match. Intelligent and forthright, he too has a tendency to judge too hastily and harshly, and his high birth and wealth make him overly proud and overly conscious of his social status. Indeed, his haughtiness makes him initially bungle his courtship. When he proposes to her, for instance, he dwells more on how unsuitable a match she is than on her charms, beauty, or anything else complimentary. Herrejection of his advances builds a kind of humility in him. Darcy demonstrates his continued devotion to Elizabeth, in spite of his distaste for her low connections, when he rescues Lydia and the entire Bennet family from disgrace, and when he goes against the wishes of his haughty aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, by continuing to pursue Elizabeth. Darcy proves himself worthy of Elizabeth, and she ends up repenting her earlier, overly harsh judgment of him。

英语专业毕业论文题目•相关推荐英语专业毕业论文题目紧张又充实的大学生活即将结束，毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较正规的、比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文我们应该怎么写呢？以下是小编整理的英语专业毕业论文题目，欢迎大家分享。

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Differences Between Chinese and Western Cultures and English Education116、 Differences Between American and English on Lexis117、 On Translation Methods of Numerals in Chinese and English118、 On the Du Fu ' s Poems Translation119、The Comparison and Translation of Chinese andEnglish Idioms120、 Loyalty in Translation121、 Equivalence and its Application in Translation122、 Cultural Equivalence in Translation123、 Onomatopoeia and its Translation124、On the Cross-Culture Pragmatic Failure in English Translation125、 Remarks on the Translation of Chinese Set-Phrase126、A study of English Transitional Words and Expressions 英语过渡词及表达法的研究127、Sex Differentiation and Sexism in English Language 英语中的性别及性别歧视128、Pragmatic Failures in Communication 交际中的语用失误探析129、Euphemistic Expressions in English Language 英语中的委婉语表达130、On the Functions of Ambiguity in English 论英语歧义的功能131、Cultural Factors and Limitations of Translation 翻译的文化因素局限性132、On Translation of Trademarks in Ads and Names of Export Commodities论广告商标、出口商品名称的翻译133、On Translation of Tourist Guide 论旅游指南的翻译134、On Translation of Computer Terms论计算机的术语翻译135、On the Writing and Translation of Foreign Trade contracts论涉外经济合同写作及翻译136、On Equivalent Translation and Its Application in E-C Translation论等效翻译及其在英汉翻译中的应用137、Lexical Gaps in Translation 英汉互译的词义差异138、Translation of Rhetoric Devices in EST科技英语修辞手法的翻译139、On “Negation”论正说反译、反说正译英语专业毕业论文题目21、航海英语教学中培养跨文化交际能力的意义2、医学检验专业双语教学的思考3、“微时代”下的军事医学英语微课教学研究4、浅析中医五行学说一些术语的英译5、传统美学视角下的散文翻译中情感美的传递6、目的论视角下的文学翻译策略研究——以《红楼梦》两个英文译本为例7、英汉句法的差异与翻译8、《长恨歌》中认知隐喻的翻译9、高罗佩《武则天四大奇案》英译之诗学探析10、诗歌翻译中的“意、音、形”之美——唐诗《江雪》四种英译的对比分析11、《红楼梦》角色姓名“归化”译法探究12、论戏剧翻译的可表演性原则13、《越人歌》的审美再现——从语内翻译到语际翻译14、早期西方汉学家英译《聊斋志异》中的跨文化操纵15、“西语哲”视域下的英汉句子形态的差异及启示16、中英文日常交际用语的差异探析17、网络环境下英语教学模式改革初探18、基于图式理论的高职商务英语专业听力作业设计研究19、翻译工作坊教学模式研究20、高校英语教学中目的语文化的渗透和本族语文化的回归研究21、新课改下高校教育硕士(英语)培养模式的探索与反思22、中小学英语衔接工作的探索与实践23、信息技术与高校英语教学整合研究24、探究基于计算机辅助模式的大学英语课堂教学情感因素25、开元数字化平台大学英语教学模式研究——基于建构主义理论26、非英语专业大学英语教师课堂话语的互动特征分析——以实习教师课堂为例27、西部农村中学英语写作在线同伴反馈和教师反馈的对比研究28、基于网络的高职英语自主学习生态化研究'))));基于网络的高职英语自主学习生态化研究29、小学英语课堂激励方法的应用策略研究30、高中英语以读促写的“读写一体化”教学模式探究31、研究生英语学术论文语体特征多维度对比分析32、MOOC下的中国职业英语教育改革探索与应对33、初中英语教学策略初探34、西北地区初中生英语自主学习浅见35、浅议小学英语教学中的词汇教学36、试析模块教学法在中职酒店英语教学中的应用37、英语词汇增长路线图理论研究38、语法及语法教学:从知识到技能的转变——D.拉森-弗里曼的语法观及语法教学刍议39、周作人的直译观及其嬗变40、新教学环境下的英语专业第二课堂建设分析41、论翻转课堂模式下英语课堂提问策略的转变42、支架式教学模式对中职英语教学的启示43、基于“输出驱动假设”的警务英语教学策略研究44、跨文化交际意识对商务英语翻译的影响45、从目的论视角浅谈英文电影片名中译46、浅析英语新闻标题的翻译47、论《论语》英译中的语用充实48、翻译目的论视角下的汉语典籍英译——以《论语》英译为例49、英美影视作品中“神翻译”的定义及方法探析50、电影片名翻译的跨文化解读51、“讨论”与“演讲”相结合的大学英语课堂教学实践52、单词配对法对双语词汇翻译的影响53、素质教育视野下农村中小学教师心理资本开发与学生英语学习的关系54、硕士研究生公共英语课程的元认知策略55、语境中语块的加工及其影响因素——以中级汉语学习者为例56、激发和培养学生英语学习兴趣之管见57、浅谈如何提高小学英语教学质量58、如何更好地利用多媒体辅助英语教学59、平行文本视域下的企业简介汉英翻译策略研究60、文化差异的导入对大学英语教学的意义英语专业毕业论文题目31、“Over”的意象图式、隐喻意义及跨语言映射规律研究2、英语学习词典中形容词源强化词的处理研究3、英语学术论文摘要中被动句的语篇功能分析4、语调对揭示英语听力材料中隐含信息的作用5、美国情景喜剧《成长的烦恼》中的言语幽默的产生及其汉译6、从功能对等理论看电影《功夫熊猫2》的字幕翻译7、评价理论态度视角下中国高校网站英文简介的态度意义研究8、基于会话原则对情景喜剧《生活大爆炸》言语幽默的修辞分析9、毕业典礼演讲语篇的系统功能分析10、系统功能语法视角下的服饰广告语篇分析11、语域理论视角下的幽默研究12、英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵对比研究13、从汉译英看汉语对中式英语产生的影响14、系统功能语言学视角下英语政治新闻语篇中的名物化现象研究15、商务英语口译中的跨文化语用失误16、 2012年**竞选视频“前进”中人际意义的多模态分析17、基于语料库的《红楼梦》说书套语英译研究18、莫言作品在英语世界的译介19、英语话语中责任型情态表达度的研究20、接受美学理论视角下情景喜剧的字幕翻译研究21、英文广告中的情态人际功能分析22、 **就职演说与上海科技馆演讲系统功能语法对比分析23、中外学者学术论文引言部分中综述性动词使用特征的对比研究24、内向型汉英词典中成语条目的译义策略25、英语介词短语功能识别及其在翻译中的应用26、 TED文化交流类演讲的概念功能分析27、赛珍珠《水浒传》翻译研究28、海事新闻中的词汇衔接研究29、国际商务期租合同中指示语的语法化研究30、基于语料库的商务信函中谢意词的修饰语研究31、《功夫熊猫》字幕翻译中的跨文化传播因素32、新闻语篇中转述话语的批评性分析33、罗格2008和2012奥运开幕致辞的预设触发语研究34、对《基督教科学箴言报》就2012年中日**争端报道的批评性话语分析35、搭配词典中复合名词处理的改进36、从认知的角度解读英文新闻标题中的动词名化现象37、高阶英语学习词典的多模态释义研究38、英语学习词典中同词反义现象的处理策略研究39、英文产品说明书中情态动词的认知研究40、图形-背景理论下英文广告仿拟语的认知研究41、美国2012年总统竞选辩论中情态附加语的人际意义分析42、 NBA即席解说的人际意义研究43、 **总统医疗改革演讲的批评话语分析44、基于语料库的中国学者和英语母语学者英文经济管理类论文模糊限制语使用对比研究45、模糊修辞的语用功能46、英语身体词汇一词多义的概念隐喻分析47、英汉基本颜色词跨范畴现象对比研究48、英汉借词范畴化认知研究49、解构视角下翻译中的二元对立分析50、汉英广告语篇中的预设研究51、英汉植物隐喻的跨文化理解研究52、《推销员之死》中话语标记语之语用研究英语专业毕业论文题目41 从《远离尘嚣》看偶然与巧合2 从亨伯特看纳博科夫的流亡观3 透过餐具看中西方饮食文化4 从女性主义角度解读《太阳照常升起》中的女主角——勃莱特5 从文化视角探讨隐喻的翻译6 从生态批评角度看威廉·福克纳的《熊》中人与自然的关系7 从功能对等角度分析常用英语修辞格汉译8 任务型语言教学法的优势9 自我身份的探寻—评拉尔夫·埃里森《看不见的人》10 浅析英文报纸中体育新闻用语的模糊修辞11 从电影《肖申克的救赎》和《当幸福来敲门》中探究美国人的个人主义12 中美恭维言语行为跨文化比较研究13 表现主义技巧在《推销员之死》中的'运用14 中国非英语专业学生在英语学习中使用元认知策略的情况调研15 浅析英语中六种基本颜色词的英美文化内涵16 浅析广告翻译中的文化顺应处理17 从文化角度分析中美房地产广告的差异18 浅析动画《加菲猫》和《加菲猫之双猫记》中的享乐主义和利己主义19 圣经原型解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》20 论《卡斯特桥市长》中哈代的进化向善论思想21 顺从的女人——分析《荒凉山庄》中埃斯特的形象22 从中美传统节日对比看节日的文化内涵23 成人的童话——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》中象征主义的体现24 简析网络时代英语全球化25 《查泰莱夫人的情人》的生态女性主义解读26 从社会文化价值方面比较中美情景喜剧差异27 论《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁的宿命28 《蝇王》的启示：理性的呼唤29 中文旅游文本英译中的歧义现象分析30 从中美婚宴差异看集体主义和个人主义31 影响非英语专业大一新生口语输出的因素32 《走出非洲》：走出迪内森的矛盾态度33 旅游宣传资料中的误译与解决方法34 从女性主义角度解读华顿《纯真年代》中的埃伦35 电子词典与英语学习36 英语习语与基督教37 《伤心咖啡馆之歌》中爱米利亚性别身份分析38 从关联理论的角度欣赏幽默翻译39 英语缩略语及其语用功能40 英专和非英专学生英语作文中错误的对比研究41 武汉方言对英语语音的影响及其对教学的启示42 中西行星命名的文化探源43 英语新闻中的新词44 中国古典诗歌英译中对“三美”理论的探索45 从电影《七宗罪》浅析原罪46 浅论体态语的社会功能47 中西思维方式差异对中英语篇的影响48 中国和西方国家婚俗的比较49 浅析合作原则的违背在广告语言中的运用50 浅析电影《推手》中中美家庭的文化冲突51 从广告语言看中美文化价值观差异52 用言语行为理论浅析英语广告中的双关语53 论新闻英语汉译中的归化与异化策略54 以Of Study(《论读书》)的两个中译本为例浅析译者主体性55 美国二十世纪六十年代反战文化研究56 中国英语热的真相——文化帝国主义57 中美恭维语对比研究58 论民族中心主义与美国媒体近年来涉华报道59 从文化的角度看中美商务谈判风格的差异60 《推销员之死》中威利与比夫的父子关系61 从拉康的镜像理论看杨克的悲剧根源62 从正负值面子理论简析中美面子差异63 中国菜名翻译中的文化翻译策略64 从旧南方到新南方——斯佳丽·奥哈拉在内战前后的成长历程65 探究家乐福公司的企业文化:基于其网站内容的文本分析66 汉语对英语写作词汇的负迁移作用67 《美国悲剧》的消费文化分析68 从二语习得角度对比分析英语习语学习中的翻译导向模式与文化导向模式69 礼貌原则在英文商务信函中的应用70 南方哥特式小说特征在《心是孤独的猎手》中的体现71 城市公示语的汉译英探索72 归化与异化理论在汉语歇后语翻译中的应用73 《婚礼的成员》中弗兰淇·亚当斯双性同体现象的研究74 论《喜福会》中的文化冲突与共存75 广告语言模糊性的语用研究76 利用美剧进行英语听力自主学习77 大学生英语口语学习动机研究78 从文化视角看中国白酒广告79 从功能翻译看《围城》英译本中文化信息的传递80 对《达罗卫夫人》中克莱丽莎和塞普提默斯形象的研究81 公示语汉译英错误及对策探析82 探究美国安利公司的企业文化：基于其网站内容的文本分析83 运用写长法促进英语写作能力的提高84 中美“面子文化”对比分析85 英汉恭维语和告别语的对比分析86 英汉爱情隐喻的对比研究87 新闻英语汉译的翻译技巧浅析88 中美家庭文化比较89 从文化的角度浅析中美企业人力资源管理的差异90 华中农业大学英语专业学生高级英语学习状况调查91 跨文化交际中中西方馈赠礼仪刍议92 解读《双城记》中的人道主义思想93 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的消费主义94 从戴姆勒克莱斯勒事件看文化因素对跨国企业合并的影响95 对中美离岸外包过程中跨文化交际案例的分析96 从"老友记"中看合作原则在英语称赞语及其回应语中的应用97 浅论美国文化与美语词汇98 英汉植物词语联想意义的跨文化对比99 一个被忽视的“准则英雄”——论《永别了，武器》中的女主人公凯瑟琳。

Analysis of Major CharactersThe Older WaiterLike the old man, the older waiter likes to stay late at cafés, and he understands on a deep level why they are both reluctant to go home at night. He tries to explain it to the younger waiter by saying, “He stays up because he likes it,” but the younger waiter dismisses this and says that the old man is lonely. Indeed, both the old man and the older waiter are lonely. The old man lives alone with only a niece to look after him, and we never learn what happened to his wife. He drinks alone late into the night, getting drunk in cafés. The older waiter, too, is lonely. He lives alone and makes a habit of staying out late rather than going home to bed. But there is more to the older waiter’s “insomnia,” as he calls it, than just loneliness. An unnamed, unspecified malaise seems to grip him. This malaise is not “a fear or dread,” as the older waiter clarifies to himself, but an overwhelming feeling of nothingness—an existential angst about his place in the universe and an uncertainty about the meaning of life. Whereas other people find meaning and comfort in religion, the older waiter dismisses religion as “nada”—nothing. The older waiter finds solace only in clean, well-lit cafés. There, life seems to make sense. The older waiter recognizes himself in the old man and sees his own future. He stands up for the old man against the younger waiter’s criticisms, pointing out that the old man might benefit from a wife and is clean and neat when he drinks. The older waiter has no real reason to take the old man’s side. In fact, the old man sometimes leaves the café without paying. But the possible reason for his support becomes clear when the younger waiter tells the older waiter that he talks like an old man too. The older waiter is aware that he is not young or confident, and he knows that he may one day be just like the old man—unwanted, alone, and in despair. Ultimately, the older waiter is reluctant to close the café as much for the old man’s sake as for his own because someday he’ll need someone to keep a café open late for him.The Younger Waiter Brash and insensitive, the younger waiter can’t see beyond himself. He readily admits that he isn’t lonely and is eager to return home where his wife is waiting for him. He doesn’t seem to care that others can’t say the same and doesn’t recognize that the café is a refuge for those who are lonely. The younger waiter is immature and says rude things to the old man because he wants to close the café early. He seems unaware that he won’t be young forever or that he may need a place to find solace later in life too. Unlike the older waiter, who thinks deeply—perhaps too deeply—about life and those who struggle to face it, the younger waiter demonstrates a dismissive attitude toward human life in general. For example, he says the old man should have just gone ahead and killed himself and says that he “wouldn’t want to be that old.” He himself has reason to live, and his whole life is ahead of him. “You have everything,” the older waiter tells him. The younger waiter, immersed in happiness, doesn’t really understand that he is lucky, and he therefore has little compassion or understanding for those who are lonely and still searching for meaning in their lives. Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Themes Life as NothingnessIn “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,” Hemingway suggests that life has no meaning and that man is an insignificant speck in a great sea of nothingness. The older waiter makes this idea as clear as he can when he says, “It was all a nothing and man was a nothing too.” When he substitutes theSpanish word nada (nothing) into the prayers he recites, he indicates that religion, to which many people turn to find meaning and purpose, is also just nothingness. Rather than pray with the actual words, “Our Father who art in heaven,” the older waiter says, “Our nada who art in nada”—effectively wiping out both God and the idea of heaven in one breath. Not everyone is aware of the nothingness, however. For example, the younger waiter hurtles through his life hastily and happily, unaware of any reason why he should lament. For the old man, the older waiter, and the other people who need late-night cafés, however, the idea of nothingness is overwhelming and leads to despair. The Struggle to Deal with DespairThe old man and older waiter in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” struggle to find a way to deal with their despair, but even their best method simply subdues the despair rather than cures it. The old man has tried to stave off despair in several unsuccessful ways. We learn that he has money, but money has not helped. We learn that he was once married, but he no longer has a wife. We also learn that he has unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide in a desperate attempt to quell the despair for good. The only way the old man can deal with his despair now is to sit for hours in a clean, well-lit café. Deaf, he can feel the quietness of the nighttime and the café, and although he is essentially in his own private world, sitting by himself in the café is not the same as being alone.The older waiter, in his mocking prayers filled with the word nada, shows that religion is not a viable method of dealing with despair, and his solution is the same as the old man’s: he waits out the nighttime in cafés. He is particular about the type of café he likes: the café must be well lit and clean. Bars and bodegas, although many are open all night, do not lessen despair because they are not clean, and patrons often must stand at the bar rather than sit at a table. The old man and the older waiter also glean solace from routine. The ritualistic café-sitting and drinking help them deal with despair because it makes life predictable. Routine is something they can control and manage, unlike the vast nothingness that surrounds them. Motifs LonelinessLoneliness pervades “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” and suggests that even though there are many people struggling with despair, everyone must struggle alone. The deaf old man, with no wife and only a niece to care for him, is visibly lonely. The younger waiter, frustrated that the old man won’t go home, defines himself and the old man in opposites: “He’s lonely. I’m not lonely.” Loneliness, for the younger waiter, is a key difference between them, but he gives no thought to why the old man might be lonely and doesn’t consider the possibility that he may one day be lonely too. The older waiter, although he doesn’t say explicitly that he is lonely, is so similar to the old man in his habit of sitting in cafés late at night that we can assume that he too suffers from loneliness. The older waiter goes home to his room and lies in bed alone, telling himself that he merely suffers from sleeplessness. Even in this claim, however, he instinctively reaches out for company, adding, “Many must have it.” The thought that he is not alone in having insomnia or being lonely comforts him. SymbolsThe CaféThe café represents the opposite of nothingness: its cleanliness and good lighting suggest order and clarity, whereas nothingness is chaotic, confusing, and dark. Because the café is so different from the nothingness the older waiter describes, it serves as a natural refuge from the despair felt by those who are acutely aware of the nothingness. In a clean, brightly lit café, despair can be controlled and even temporarily forgotten. When the older waiter describes the nothingness that is life, he says, “It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order.” The it in the sentence is never defined, but we can speculate about the waiter’s meaning: although life and man are nothing, light, clealiness, and order can serve as substance. They can help stave off the despair that comes from feeling completely unanchored to anyone or anything. As long as a clean, well-lighted café exists, despair can be kept in check.Hemingway’s Economy of Style“A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is arguably not only one of Hemingway’s best short stories but also a story that clearly demonstrates the techniques of Hemingway’s signature writing style. Hemingway is known for his economic prose—his writing is minimalist and sparse, with few adverbs or adjectives. He includes only essential information, often omitting background information, transitions, and dialogue tags such as “he said” or “she said. He often uses pronouns without clear antecedents, such as using the word it without clarifying what it refers to. Hemingway applies the “iceberg principle” to his stories: only the tip of the story is visible on the page, while the rest is left underwater—unsaid. Hemingway also rarely specifies which waiter is speaking in the story because he has deemed such clarification unnecessary. The essential element is that two waiters are discussing a drunk old man—the rest can be omitted according to Hemingway’s economy of style. When the older waiter contemplates the idea of nothingness, Hemingway loads the sentences with vague pronouns, never clarifying what they refer to: “It was all a nothing. . . . It was only that. . . . Some lived in it . . .” Although these lines are somewhat confusing, the confusion is the point. This nothingness can’t be defined clearly, no matter how many words are used. Hemingway uses fewer words and lets the effect of his style speak for itself.The Deceptive Pacing of the StoryHemingway does not waste words on changing scenes or marking the passage of time, leaving it up to us to keep track of what’s happening and the story’s pacing. For example, only a brief conversation between the waiters takes place between the time when the younger waiter serves the old man a brandy and the time when the old man asks for another. Hemingway is not suggesting that the old man has slugged back the brandy quickly. In fact, the old man stays in the café for a long time. Time has lapsed here, but Hemingway leaves it up to us to follow the pace of the story. The pace of “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” may seem swift, but the action of the story actually stretches out for much longer than it appears to. The sitting, drinking, and contemplating that take place are languid actions. We may read the story quickly, but the scenes themselves are not quick. Just as Hemingway doesn’t waste words by trying to slow down his scenes, he also refrains from including unnecessary transitions. For example, when the older waiter leaves the café and mulls over the idea of nothingness, he finishes his parody of prayer and, without any transition that suggests that hewas walking, we suddenly find him standing at a bar. Hemingway lets the waiter’s thoughts serve as the transition. When he writes, “He smiled and stood before a bar,” we’re meant to understand that the waiter had been walking and moving as he was thinking to himself. And when the waiter orders a drink at the bar, the bartender offers him another just two sentences later. Again, Hemingway is not suggesting that the waiter gulps his drink. Instead, he conveys only the most essential information in the scene.Existentialism and the “Lost Generation”The term Lost Generation refers to the writers and artists living in Paris after World War I. The violence of World War I, also called the Great War, was unprecedented and invalidated previous ideas about faith, life, and death. Traditional values that focused on God, love, and manhood dissolved, leaving Lost Generation writers adrift. They struggled with moral and psychological aimlessness as they searched for the meaning of life in a changed world. This search for meaning and these feelings of emptiness and aimlessness reflect some of the principle ideas behind existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophical movement rooted in the work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, who lived in the mid-1800s. The movement gained popularity in the mid-1900s thanks to the work of the French intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Albert Camus, including Sartre’s Being and Nothingness (1943). According to existentialists, life has no purpose, the universe is indifferent to human beings, and humans must look to their own actions to create meaning, if it is possible to create meaning at all. Existentialists consider questions of personal freedom and responsibility. Although Hemingway was writing years before existentialism became a prominent cultural idea, his questioning of life and his experiences as a searching member of the Lost Generation gave his work existentialist overtones.Analysis of Major CharactersEmily Grierson Emily is the classic outsider, controlling and limiting the town’s access to her true identity by remaining hidden. The house that shields Emily from the world suggests the mind of the woman who inhabits it: shuttered, dusty, and dark. The object of the town’s intense scrutiny, Emily is a muted and mysterious figure. On one level, she exhibits the qualities of the stereotypical southern “eccentric”: unbalanced, excessively tragic, and subject to bizarre behavior. Emily enforces her own sense of law and conduct, such as when she refuses to pay her taxes or state her purpose for buying the poison. Emily also skirts the law when she refuses to have numbers attached to her house when federal mail service is instituted. Her dismissal of the law eventually takes on more sinister consequences, as she takes the life of the man whom she refuses to allow to abandon her. The narrator portrays Emily as a monument, but at the same time she is pitied and often irritating, demanding to live life on her own terms. The subject of gossip and speculation, the townspeople cluck their tongues at the fact that she accepts Homer’s attentions with no firm wedding plans. After she purchases the poison, the townspeople conclude that she will kill herself. Emily’s instabilities, however, lead her in a different direction, and the final scene of the story suggests that she is a necrophiliac. Necrophilia typically means a sexual attraction to dead bodies. In a broader sense, the term also describes a powerful desire to control another, usually in the context of a romantic or deeply personal relationship. Necrophiliacs tend to be so controlling in their relationships that they ultimately resort to bonding with unresponsive entities with no resistance or will—in other words, with dead bodies. Mr.Grierson controlled Emily, and after his death, Emily temporarily controls him by refusing to give up his dead body. She ultimately transfers this control to Homer, the object of her affection. Unable to find a traditional way to express her desire to possess Homer, Emily takes his life to achieve total power over him. Homer Barron Homer, much like Emily, is an outsider, a stranger in town who becomes the subject of gossip. Unlike Emily, however, Homer swoops into town brimming with charm, and he initially becomes the center of attention and the object of affection. Some townspeople distrust him because he is both a Northerner and day laborer, and his Sunday outings with Emily are in many ways scandalous, because the townspeople regard Emily—despite her eccentricities—as being from a higher social class. Homer’s failure to properly court and marry Emily prompts speculation and suspicion. He carouses with younger men at the Elks Club, and the narrator portrays him as either a homosexual or simply an eternal bachelor, dedicated to his single status and uninterested in marriage. Homer says only that he is “not a marrying man.” As the foreman of a company that has arrived in town to pave the sidewalks, Homer is an emblem of the North and the changes that grip the once insular and genteel world of the South. With his machinery, Homer represents modernity and industrialization, the force of progress that is upending traditional values and provoking resistance and alarm among traditionalists. Homer brings innovation to the rapidly changing world of this Southern town, whose new leaders are themselves pursuing more “modern” ideas. The change that Homer brings to Emily’s life, as her first real lover, is equally as profound and seals his grim fate as the victim of her plan to keep him permanently by her side.Themes, Motifs, and SymbolsThemesTradition versus Change Through the mysterious figure of Emily Grierson, Faulkner conveys the struggle that comes from trying to maintain tradition in the face of widespread, radical change. Jefferson is at a crossroads, embracing a modern, more commercial future while still perched on the edge of the past, from the faded glory of the Grierson home to the town cemetery where anonymous Civil War soldiers have been laid to rest. Emily herself is a tradition, steadfastly staying the same over the years despite many changes in her community. She is in many ways a mixed blessing. As a living monument to the past, she represents the traditions that people wish to respect and honor; however, she is also a burden and entirely cut off from the outside world, nursing eccentricities that others cannot understand.Emily lives in a timeless vacuum and world of her own making. Refusing to have metallic numbers affixed to the side of her house when the town receives modern mail service, she is out of touch with the reality that constantly threatens to break through her carefully sealed perimeters. Garages and cotton gins have replaced the grand antebellum homes. The aldermen try to break with the unofficial agreement about taxes once forged between Colonel Sartoris and Emily. This new and younger generation of leaders brings in Homer’s company to pave the sidewalks. Although Jefferson still highly regards traditional notions of honor and reputation, the narrator is critical of the old men in their Confederate uniforms who gather for Emily’s funeral. For them asfor her, time is relative. The past is not a faint glimmer but an ever-present, idealized realm. Emily’s macabre bridal chamber is an extreme attempt to stop time and prevent change, although doing so comes at the expense of human life. The Power of DeathDeath hangs over “A Rose for Emily,” from the narrator’s mention of Emily’s death at the beginning of the story through the description of Emily’s death-haunted life to the foundering of tradition in the face of modern changes. In every case, death prevails over every attempt to master it. Emily, a fixture in the community, gives in to death slowly. The narrator compares her to a drowned woman, a bloated and pale figure left too long in the water. In the same description, he refers to her small, spare skeleton—she is practically dead on her feet. Emily stands as an emblem of the Old South, a grand lady whose respectability and charm rapidly decline through the years, much like the outdated sensibilities the Griersons represent. The death of the old social order will prevail, despite many townspeople’s attempts to stay true to the old ways. Emily attempts to exert power over death by denying the fact of death itself. Her bizarre relationship to the dead bodies of the men she has loved—her necrophilia—is revealed first when her father dies. Unable to admit that he has died, Emily clings to the controlling paternal figure whose denial and control became the only—yet extreme—form of love she knew. She gives up his body only reluctantly. When Homer dies, Emily refuses to acknowledge it once again—although this time, she herself was responsible for bringing about the death. In killing Homer, she was able to keep him near her. However, Homer’s lifelessness rendered him permanently distant. Emily and Homer’s grotesque marriage reveals Emily’s disturbing attempt to fuse life and death. However, death ultimately triumphs.MotifsWatching Emily is the subject of the intense, controlling gaze of the narrator and residents of Jefferson. In lieu of an actual connection to Emily, the townspeople create subjective and often distorted interpretations of the woman they know little about. They attend her funeral under the guise of respect and honor, but they really want to satisfy their lurid curiosity about the town’s most notable eccentric. One of the ironic dimensions of the story is that for all the gossip and theorizing, no one guesses the perverse extent of Emily’s true nature.For most of the story, Emily is seen only from a distance, by people who watch her through the windows or who glimpse her in her doorway. The narrator refers to her as an object—an “idol.” This pattern changes briefly during her courtship with Homer Barron, when she leaves her house and is frequently out in the world. However, others spy on her just as avidly, and she is still relegated to the role of object, a distant figure who takes on character according to the whims of those who watch her. In this sense, the act of watching is powerful because it replaces an actual human presence with a made-up narrative that changes depending on who is doing the watching. No one knows the Emily that exists beyond what they can see, and her true self is visible to them only after she dies and her secrets are revealed. DustA pall of dust hangs over the story, underscoring the decay and decline that figure so prominently. The dust throughout Emily’s house is a fitting accompaniment to the faded lives within. When the aldermen arrive to try and secure Emily’s annual tax payment, the house smells of “dust and disuse.” As they seat themselves, the movement stirs dust all around them, and it slowly rises, roiling about their thighs and catching the slim beam of sunlight entering the room. The house is a place of stasis, where regrets and memories have remained undisturbed. In a way, the dust is a protective presence; the aldermen cannot penetrate Emily’s murky relationship with reality. The layers of dust also suggest the cloud of obscurity that hides Emily’s true nature and the secrets her house contains. In the final scene, the dust is an oppressive presence that seems to emanate from Homer’s dead body. The dust, which is everywhere, seems even more horrible here.SymbolsEmily’s House Emily’s house, like Emily herself, is a monument, the only remaining emblem of a dying world of Southern aristocracy. The outside of the large, square frame house is lavishly decorated. The cupolas, spires, and scrolled balconies are the hallmarks of a decadent style of architecture that became popular in the 1870s. By the time the story takes place, much has changed. The street and neighborhood, at one time affluent, pristine, and privileged, have lost their standing as the realm of the elite. The house is in some ways an extension of Emily: it bares its “stubborn and coquettish decay” to the town’s residents. It is a testament to the endurance and preservation of tradition but now seems out of place among the cotton wagons, gasoline pumps, and other industrial trappings that surround it—just as the South’s old values are out of place in a changing society.Emily’s house also represents alienation, mental illness, and death. It is a shrine to the living past, and the sealed upstairs bedroom is her macabre trophy room where she preserves the man she would not allow to leave her. As when the group of men sprinkled lime along the foundation to counteract the stench of rotting flesh, the townspeople skulk along the edges of Emily’s life and property. The house, like its owner, is an object of fascination for them. They project their own lurid fantasies and interpretations onto the crumbling edifice and mysterious figure inside. Emily’s death is a chance for them to gain access to this forbidden realm and confirm their wildest notions and most sensationalistic suppositions about what had occurred on the inside. The Strand of HairThe strand of hair is a reminder of love lost and the often perverse things people do in their pursuit of happiness. The strand of hair also reveals the inner life of a woman who, despite her eccentricities, was committed to living life on her own terms and not submitting her behavior, no matter how shocking, to the approval of others. Emily subscribes to her own moral code and occupies a world of her own invention, where even murder is permissible. The narrator foreshadows the discovery of the long strand of hair on the pillow when he describes the physical transformation that Emily undergoes as she ages. Her hair grows more and more grizzled until it becomes a “vigorous iron-gray.” The strand of hair ultimately stands as the last vestige of a life left to languish and decay, much like the body of Emily’s former lover.。

An Analysis of the Major Characters in David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》中主要人物的分析摘要《大卫·科波菲尔》是英国小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作，被称为他“心中最宠爱的孩子”。

它于1849至1850年间，分二十个部分逐月发表。

在这部具有强烈的自传色彩的小说里，狄更斯借用大卫自身的历史和经验，从不少方面回顾和总结了自己的生活道路，反应了他的人生哲学和道德理想。

小说通过主人公大卫一生的悲欢离合，多层次地揭示了当时社会的真实面貌，突出地表现了金钱对婚姻、家庭和社会的腐蚀作用。

在人物塑造上，大卫.科波菲尔无疑倾注了作者的全部心血。

不论是他孤儿时代所遭遇的种种磨难和辛酸，还是他成年后不屈不挠的奋斗，都表现了一个小人物在资本主义社会中寻求出路的痛苦历程。

经历了大苦大难后倡导人间幸福和温暖的大卫，靠的是他真诚、直率的品性，积极向上的精神，以及对人的纯洁友爱之心。

关键词：大卫.科波菲尔；命运；正义；抗争Abstract“David Copperfield” is the representative work of British novelist Charles Dickens, which was regarded as the most beloved children by himselves. It has been divided into 20 parts published every month from 1849 to 1850. In this strong autobiograph ical novel, Dickens borrowed David’s own history and experience, reviewed and summed up his life experience, reflecting his philosophy of life and moral ideals from many aspects. The novel reveals the real appearance of society at that time at multi-level by David’s joys and sorrows, presents the corrosive effect of money on marriage, family and society. The author devoted all his efforts to create the character of David Copperfield. As a common people, whether the hardships David Copperfield experienced when he was an orphan or his indomitable struggle when he was grown up, has shown his painful of seeking a way out of the capitalist society. After experienced great sufferings, David advocated happiness and warmth, which relied on his sincere, forthright character, positive spirit, as well as the pure love to the human.Key Words:David Copperfield; fate; justice; struggleContents摘要............................................................................................................................................. I Abstract......................................................................................................................................... I I1. Introduction (1)2. Literature Reviews (3)2.1 Some Scho lars’ Views on the Novel (3)2.2 Main Views of Dickens (3)3. Background (4)3.1 Historical Background (4)3.2 The novel’s Background (5)4. The Image of main Characters in David Copperfield (6)4.1 The Image of David (6)4.1.1 Kindness of David Copperfield (6)4.1.2 Unyielding and Diligence of David Copperfield (6)4.1.3 Cruelty and Tenderness of David Copperfield (7)4.2 The Image of Other Characters (8)4.2.1 Humanity and Charity of Aunt Betsey (8)4.2.2 Senses and Intelligence of Agnes (8)4.2.3 The Mean and Shameless of Uriah Heep (9)5. Charles Dickens and His David Copperfield (9)6. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (12)Acknowledgements (13)1. IntroductionDickens was the main representative of realist literature of the 19th century. The art of witty words, nuanced psychological analysis and realism were combined together closely. He was particularly famous for his vivid comic characterizations and social criticism. He was the first author who had written the poor with fidelity and sympathy. His works were famous during Victorian age and among the great classics in all fiction.Dickens was born in February, 1812, at Landport, Portsmouth. He was the second of eight children. His father was a clerk, hardworking but imprudent, later caricatured as Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield. In 1822, the family moved to London, where Charles had to leave school to help support his impoverished family. In 1824, his father was put into prison for debt. At the age of 12, Dickens was sent to work at a factory. He wrapped and labeled for 6 shillings a week. After work, he wandered through the streets of London, enthralled by the sight of the dockyards, the files of convicts, and vast sections of the city inhabited by the poor. These bitter days remained in his memory and later found expression in his works.Dickens was able to return to school with a small amount of legacy. It helped to release his father from prison. He was an avid reader and spent much time in the reading room of the British Museum and learnt short-hand. He later returned to school for a time, this experience left a permanent mark on the soul of Charles Dickens. Even many years later, after he had become a successful author, he could not bear to talk about it, or be reminded of his family’s ignominy.At the age of fifteen Dickens began working as an office boy for a law firm. He taught himself and by 1828 he became a reporter for courts of Doctors’ Common. The dull routine of the legal profession never interested him, so he became a newspaper reporter for the Mirror of parliament, the True Sun, and finally for the Morning Chronicle. (John Forster, were later his closest friend and biographer, was also employed at the True Sun.) By the age of twenty, Dickens wasone of the best parliamentary reporters in all England.During this same period Dickens’s interest began to switch from journalism to literature. His first fiction work “Dinner at Poplar Walk” (later reprinted as “Mr. Minns and His Cousin”), appeared in the Monthly Magazine when he was twenty-one. His newspaper work had given him an intimate knowledge of the streets and by ways of London, and late in 1832 he began writing sketches and stories of London life. They began to appear in periodicals and newspapers in 1833 and in 1836 were gathered together as sketches by Boz, Illustrations of Everyday life, and Everyday People.By this time, Dickens was enjoying the luxurious life he had dreamed of as a child. In 1850, he published the last installments of David Copperfield, a partly autobiographical novel that was his favorite.In 1858 Dickens’ twenty-three-year marriage to Catherine Hogarth dissolved when he fell in love with Ellen Ternan, a young actress. The last years of his life were filled with intense activities: writing, taking part in management, and undertaking tours that reinforced the favorable view of his work, which took an enormous toll on his health. Working feverishly to the last, Dickens collapsed and died on June 8, 1870, leaving The Mystery of Edwin Drood uncompleted Characters in the novel generally belong to the following three categories: those who have disciplined hearts, those who lack disciplined hearts, or those who develop disciplined hearts over time. Characters that fall into the first category include the mature and caring Agnes Wickfield and the selfless and forgiving Mr. Peggotty. The greedy, scheming Uriah Heep and the egotistic and inconsiderate James Steerforth are examples of characters that belong in the second category. Members of the third category include David Copperfield himself, who learns to make wiser choices in his relationships through personal experience, and his aunt Betsy Trotwood, who lacks consideration for others early on, but becomes less inconsiderate over time. Dickens uses characters and events throughout the novel as comparisons and contrasts for each other in terms of wisdom and discipline. A good comparison is Agnes Wickfield and Dora Spenlow: Dora lacks maturity andis unable to handle stressful situations, often breaking out in tears, while Agnes remains calm and collected even when troubled, yielding to her emotions only rarely. Another good comparison is Ham and Mr. Peggotty, and Mrs. Steerforth and Miss Dartle: The latter two become distraught at the loss of Steerforth, allowing it to trouble them their whole lives, while the former two bear the loss of Emily with dignity and reservation. Despite the premise of this work, Dickens does not give David Copperfield a stiff or unnatural feel, making this novel a supreme display of his genius at work.2. Literature Reviews2.1 Some S cholars’ Views on the NovelScholars believe that David Copperfield’s careers, friendships, and love life were most highly influenced by Dickens’ experiences, especially when he worked as a child. Da vid’s involvement with the law profession and later his career as a writer mirror the experiences of Dickens. Many of David’s friends are based on people Dickens actually knew, and David’s wives, Agnes Wickfield and Dora, are believed to be based upon Dick ens’ attachment to Mary Hogarth. Dickens keenly felt his lack of education during his time at that factory, and according to the Forster biography, it was from these times that he drew David’s working period.These characters are not realistic and yet abound in life. There never were such people as the Micawbers, Pegotty and Barkis, Traddles, Betsey Trotwood and Mr. Dick, Uriah Heep and his mother.The story is told almost entirely from the point of view of the first person narrator, David Copperfield himself, and was the first Dickens novel to do so. Dickens based the book in part on the difficult early years of his own life.2.2 Main Views of DickensInfluenced by Carlyle, Dickens learned, as did his literary contemporaries, to direct his fiction to a questioning of social priorities and inequalities, to a distrust of institutions, particularly defunct or malfunctioning ones, and to a pressingappeal for action and earnestness. He was prone to take up issues, and to campaign against what he saw as injustice or desuetude, using fiction as his vehicle. He was not alone in this in his own time, but his name continues to be popularly associated with good causes and with remedies for social abuses because he was quite the wittiest and he have had the most persuasive, and the most influential voice. Dickens was faithful to the teaching, and to the general theological framework, of Christianity as a moral basis for his thought, his action and above all, for his writing, nevertheless. Critic awareness that there was something deeply wrong with the society in which he lived sharpened the nature of his fiction and gave it its distinct political edge. Dickens’ novels are multifarious, digressive and humorous.In an important way, they reflect the nature of Victorian urban society with all its conflicts and disharmonies, its eccentricities and its constrictions, its energy and its extraordinary fertility, both physical and intellectual. But the standard pattern in his novels is the basic conflict between money on the one hand, and loves on the other. What this conflict usually reveals is that the people who have greatest love for their fellow humans are also the ones who are most hurt by the world of money, simply because money is power. In his novels, the people who possess most money and most power seem incapable of love, whereas the people who are capable of love are very often both poor and powerless. And yet, this gloomy view is counteracted by Dickens’ comic way of dealing with his characters.3. Background3.1 Historical BackgroundThe Victorian era was considered to be the peak of English Industrial Revolution and peak of whole country. In this period, the industries of English has became the most strong country in the world and influenced many countries around the world, everything of English was the most powerful in the world.At that time, many factories were set up and spread all over the whole country and many burgeoning capitalist class came to the force. In one hand, this capitalclass has made a big contribution to the country’s development. But in the otherhand, the gap between rich and poor has enlarged; the rich became richer while the poor became poorer.The minority industry factories owners hired many workers with the deepening of economic reforming, the factories were set up more and more, so many farmlands were taken up by the bourgeois and of course a lot of people lost their home.And there is one class that is proletariat, this kind of people lived in the junk houses and in a low living standard, they had to face the starvation and disease everyday. So in that situation, the child labor was emerged, these poor children were forced to work over time and many of them even died.3.2 The novel’s BackgroundDickens made good use of his own life experience to attack the social evils of the time, the miseries of child-labor, the tyranny in schools, the debtors’ prison, as well as the cruelty and immortality and the treachery that were prevalent in Victorian England. Thus the novel was not merely a personal record, but a broad picture of the society of the author’s day.David Copperfield was a novel written in first-person point of view. It was sometimes referred to as an apprenticeship novel because it centered on the period in which a young person grows up–that is, serves his apprenticeship. Dickens based the book in part on the difficult early years of his own life. The narration changed names, locales, and other details of Dickens’s life but maintained its general tenor. For example, when Dickens was only a child, he had to leave school to work in a factory that polished some shoes. In the novel, David Copperfield has to leave school to work in a warehouse washing and labeling bottles used in thewine trade. David’s initials (D.C.) were, of course, the reverse of Dickens’s (C.D.).Of all the Dickens’ novels, David Copperfield reflects the events of Dickensown life the most. David’s early suffering was adequately compensated with a rich,happy marriage and a successful literary career, just like Dickens himself, and theworld is still full of hope and sunshine. The plot construction was rather loose, butit also excelled in its vivid characterization. The novel’s detailed narration was also worth mentioning, which gave the work truthfulness to the real life.4. The Image of main Characters in David Copperfield4.1 The Image of David4.1.1 Kindness of David CopperfieldAlthough David met some wicked persons in his life just like Mr. and Miss Murdestone, Mr. Creakle and Uriah Heep, he also had a lot of friends and helpers who made David still a kind-hearted one. That was to say, though he had known some bad qualities of the people, David remained what he used to be. In Mr. Murdestone’s house, except his mother, Pegotty was the only one who loved David. And different from his mother, she was able to protect David. When David was treated badly by Mr. and Miss Murdestone, Pegotty came to comfort him at night. And when David was sent away from home, Pegotty wrote letters to encourage him.As is known to all, P egotty was a servant in David’s family, but she did far more than a servant. To some degree, she was more like David’s mother. Even when David’s mother misunderstood her, Pegotty still took it for granted to protect and help David and his poor mother. It was her loyalty and kindness that was a greatly helped to the development of little David. And David was grateful to her, so he permitted the carrier Barkis to marry her, giving the happiness of Pegotty. It was little David’s kindness.4.1.2 Unyielding and Diligence of David CopperfieldDavid Copperfield is a typically righteous, pragmatic and progressive intellectuals. At David’s childhood, his father died. His mother remarried, due to his stepfather’ abuse, she also died. At that time, he was sent to a boa rding school, ravaged, and then was sent to the factory which liked an unbearable humiliating position as an apprentice. He left the factory to the home of aunt Betsey, she adopted him, let him study law, he did his best to learn day after day. At the same time, his character matured in suffering and frustration, ultimately went on the right path in life. Later he became a writer, and married with his girlfriend. David experienced sad moments and depressing days, never forgot his aunt’s words, “nomatter at what time, never can be selfish, never can be a virtual pseudo, decisions cannot be ruthless”, with this sentence, he always encouraged himself to be a strong person and seize the opportunity of hard-won to struggle.Although his orphan times confronted all the hardships and bitterness, his adult life had shown the painful process of a little guy in a capitalist society to find a way out. After having tasted human happiness and had gone through great pain, then he—David, relied on his sincerity, forthright character and positive spirit, he met the light at the end of the tunnel during his lifetimeBecause of so much difficulties and troubles, David had become steady in his steps in his adulthood. In his profession, his love and his friendship, David all found his best answers. He lived his life with his stability and maturity of his mind.Regarding his profession, David went on along a right road. He took to the literature and had fun in what he did. David felt more and more confidence with the success of his career. David knew that his child dream came true by his years’ hard work.And after his child wife died, David decided to give his most sincere love to Agnes, his good angel. However, he was hesitant before Agnes. He dared not to tell her “I love you”. Because he knew what the three words meant, he did not want to hurt Agnes. He thought it was for me to guard this sisterly affection with religious care. And for David Agnes was no doubt his best choice. Agnes was the light shined on his way. She was the source of every worthy aspiration, the center of his life and the right person he founded his love on a rock. For all the efforts David took, he deserved the love of Agnes. With Agnes’ love and guide, David would make his life better and became more mature and steady in his life.David also found the true friendship in his life. His old classmate, Traddle, who at school was the merriest and most miserable of all the boys, appeared at the end of the novel as a helper of David Copperfield. Traddle was still what he used to be, and he held it as a solemn duty to stand by one another. That was what we called true friend David needed.How to describe David’s happy ending. It will be proper to use David’s own words: “I see myself, with Agnes at my side, journeyin g along the road of life. I see our children and our friends around us; and I hear the roar of many voices, not indifferent to me as I travel on.”(Dickens, 2010:42)4.1.3 Cruelty and Tenderness of David CopperfieldDavid’s complex character allows for cont radiction and development over the course of the novel. David also displays great tenderness, as in the moment when he realizes his love for Agnes for the first time. David, especially as a young man in love, can be foolish and romantic. As he grows up, however, he develops a more mature point of view and searches for a lover who will challenge him and help him grow. David fully matures as an adult when he expresses the sentiment that he values Agnes’s tranquility over all else in his life.4.2 The Image of Other Characters4.2.1 Humanity and Charity of Aunt BetseyWith universal love, kindness, compassion, softhearted, heavy sentiment, although aunt Betsey hated boy, she also took him in. She taught to David: never be mean, never be hypocrisy, never be cruel, and this can be mottos of the act (Dickens, 2010: 89). She raised David in love, and then David grew healthily, finally became a famous writer. Aunt Betsey had mercy on Dick, received him, and appreciated him, to give him a comfortable and easy life. She was the guardian of Jenny, still monitoring some of the other people’s education; let them learn to protect themselves. Dora then was pampered and petted, she was not against her at all, gave her the lovely name: flowers.4.2.2 Senses and Intelligence of AgnesAgnes, a virtuous and agreeable girl, becomes a dear and loyal friend of David. In terms of appearance, moral character, knowledge and thoughts, she was almost impeccable. She was beautiful and dignified, generous and gentle, quiet and stable, thoughtful. She has a keen insight, she was of strong will, with a heart of love, and she was the spiritual support of David. Anyone would be proud of having an intimate friend like her. In Agnes’ childhood, she was his father’s butler and spiritual comfort. Her father's love was critical for her to become prematurely mature, and to assume responsibility. Caring for his father, she had to curry favor with Heep —a scumbag, but she would never succumb to the Heep, not let Heep’s sinister purpose to succeed. Her love for David was deep and long-term, and she has been quietly in love with David, but David reflected slowly, and the pursuit of love is blind. Dora was died, after many difficulties and several years of overseasexperience, David finally realized that he loved Agnes, and they married. In terms of career, life, Agnes was David’s ideal partner.4.2.3 The Mean and Shameless of Uriah HeepHeep was once an ordinary copy clerk. He used to pretend to be humble, and afterwards, he succeeded in manipulating the firm by cunning way. This forced Mr. Wickfield to almost no retreat and led to the Miss. Betsey bankruptcy. Later, Mr. Micawber stood up in time and revealed his conspiracy that framed Mr. Wickfield and led to the bankruptcy of Miss. Betsey. Though Heep was raised in a cruel environment which was similar to David’s, his upbringing caused him to become bitter and vengeful rather than honest and hopeful. Dickens described Heep as a demonic character. He referred to Heep’s movements as snakelike. Heep and David not only have opposite characteristics but also manipulated at cross-purposes. For example, Heep wished to marry Agnes only in order to hurt David. Nevertheless, for David, he was all motivated by love. The frequently contrasted between Heep’s and David’s sentiments showed Heep’s mean character.While the development of David’s character was a process of increased self-understanding, Heep grew in his desire to exercise control over himself and other characters. As Heep gained more power over Mr. Wickfield, his sense of entitlement grew and he became more and more power-hungry. But imprisonment didn’t make a difference to atone for his crime. Because he deployed his strategies to selfish purposes that gave others a hand in time, he stood out as the novel’s greatest villain.5. Charles Dickens and His David CopperfieldOne great literature, Somerset Maugham figure defined the novel as the description of the typical character in the typical environment (especially referring to the social environment). In writing this thesis, the famous definition gives some inspiration to the author. According to the theory, the influence of the other characters in this novel will be taken into consideration in the analysis of the characteristics of David Copperfield.For David Copperfield is one semi-autobiography, it will be a wise and convenient way to analyze the characteristics of the boy hero through the study of the writer himself, including his background, his experiences, his individuality and his attitude. As a result, DavidCopperfield is Dickens’ David Copperfield and there is a degree of resemblance between the two.There are a lot of proofs regarding this point, such as:Firstly, both of them had a difficult time when they were only a child and the experience as a child-labor had a deep influence on their latter life. Secondly, both of them had an uncommon love history. Especially Dora, who won the heart of David Copperfield in this novel, had the same name with one of Dickens’ children who died still an infant. And Agnes Wickfield, the final lover of David Copperfield is much like one of Dickens’ love, Georgina, a friend and helper to Dickens. Thirdly, both of them took to literature and made a great success in their career.Actually in writing this novel Dickens made a good use of his own life experience. Thus the readers may have a further understanding about the great writer by reading this work. At the same time, when we analyzing the characteristics of David Copperfield, it will be a good choice to take advantage of the study of the writer himself.6. ConclusionBorn in a singled-parent family, David was affected heavily by his weak mother. His step-father treated him badly and David’s childhood was really a nightmare. It was lucky for David to have Pegotty who helped him. Child David was innocent and kind-hearted. The runaway from Murdestone and Grinby marks the end of David’s childhood. Now David was already a young man. In this period he was on the way to be a man and began to get a further understanding of the life. The characteristics of young David are really something complex. There are both positive and negative sides in his characteristics such as sincerity, slipperiness, immaturity and self-distrust. With his aunt’s support, David got a decent profe ssion and knew much worldly knowledge in association with Mr. Spenlow. The love with Dora showed his immaturity and all of his youthful period can be defined as an immature one. Betsey Trotwood, David’s aunt played a really important role in David’s change in his characteristics. The bankruptcy of his aunt was a significant incident for David Copperfield. He had to say goodbye to yesterday, no more comfortable life and no more financial support from the wealthy aunt. The very change in David’s life was late r proved to be a big opportunity for him to make anew era in his life. Thereafter he began to work hard and did his own duty. At last Dickens made a mature boy hero, David Copperfield.The novel depicted David’s life experiences which were filled with suf ferings and laughter. Dickens portrayed the colorful face of British society, the typical image of the shape of the different social classes, especially the endless struggle of David in the face of adversity, impressiveness. David was unable to endure the abuse of his stepfather, biting the fingers of his stepfather, savagely beaten. As a result, he was locked in a boarding school. After his mother died, he was sent to the factory while he was also a child by his stepfather, living a life without enough to eat and wear, suffering all kinds of torture and abuse. However, David did not succumb to the mercy of fate, painstakingly, and finally found his aunt Betsey. The kind-hearted aunt shelter, adopted him, let him go to a better school. When he knew his aunt was bankrupted, he was not disheartened; on the contrary, he did self-improvement, indomitable perseverance and diligent study. Finally, after making efforts, he became a writer, achieved success.However, other characters were clear and vivid. Peggotty was a nurse that took care of David and his mother carefully, she was remarkably loyal. Outwardly, aunt Betsey appeared as a severe woman, but she showed her kind image by loving David and others. In addition, Ham was noble, brave and honest. Mr.Murdstone was fierce and cruel. Steerforth was selfish and arrogant.Through analyzing these images, it can be seen that no matter how difficult we are and how bitter life is, we should have a good heart, and fight against destiny positively.On the other hand, in this novel, despite the inconstancy of human relationships, life was a main background, but love was very important for people. Later, David gained great success; the reason was that a lot of people gave him much love. And the love gave him the courage to face the misery and sufferings.At the same time, it encourages people to maintain confidence in life and love.Bibliography[1].Dickens. David Copperfield.北京：清华大学出版社，2010:40-62[2].Jiang Chengyong. A History of British Fiction.杭州：浙江大学2006:301-356[3].Liu Bingshan. A Short History of English Literature.开封：河南大学出版社，1993:240-253[4].Meng Xiukun.The history of British literature and selected readings.北京：北京知识产权出版社，2008:97-123[5].程金城.原型批判与重释[M].北京:东方出版社,1998:102-154[6].狄更斯著.张宏中编译.大卫.科波菲尔（中英对照）[M] .北京：中国书籍出版社,2005:116-168[7].狄更斯著.秋明译.大卫.科波菲尔 (上下全译本)（精）[M].北京：文汇出版社,2012:75-92[8].罗经国.狄更斯评论集[M].上海：上海译文出版社,1981:243-298[9].刘炳善.英国文学简史[M].郑州: 河南人民出版社, 2001:59-81[10].刘文荣.十九世纪英国小说史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社，2002:365-401[11].李维屏.英国小说艺术史[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003:183-263[12].赵炎秋.狄更斯长篇小说研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,1996：204-263。

高三英语学科英文短篇小说阅读单选题30题1.The main character in the story is described as having ________ hair.A.blackB.blondeC.brownD.red答案：B。

本题主要考查对故事中人物外貌的描述。

选项A“black”黑色头发；选项C“brown”棕色头发；选项D“red”红色头发。

而文中明确提到故事的主人公有着金色的头发，即“blonde”。

2.The character's personality is best described as ________.A.shyB.outgoingC.quietD.angry答案：B。

本题考查人物性格。

选项A“shy”害羞的；选项C“quiet”安静的；选项D“angry”生气的。

文中对这个人物的描述表明他很外向，所以选“outgoing”。

3.The character is often seen ________.A.reading booksB.playing sportsC.watching TVD.listening to music答案：A。

本题考查人物行为。

选项B“playing sports”做运动；选项C“watching TV”看电视；选项D“listening to music”听音乐。

文中提到这个人物经常被看到在读书，所以选“reading books”。

4.The character's face is described as ________.A.roundB.squareC.ovalD.heart-shaped答案：C。

本题考查人物外貌。

选项A“round”圆形的；选项B“square”方形的；选项D“heart-shaped”心形的。

文中提到人物的脸是椭圆形的，即“oval”。

5.The character is known for being ________.zyB.hardworkingC.carelessD.forgetful答案：B。

高中英语传记阅读单选题60题1.The person in the biography is described as having ____ hair.A.blackB.blondeC.redD.brown答案：B。

本题考查对人物外貌的理解。

根据文中对人物的描述，提到了人物有金色的头发。

选项A 黑色、选项C 红色、选项D 棕色均不符合文中对人物头发颜色的描述。

2.The main character in the biography is known for being ____.A.shyB.outgoingC.quietD.reserved答案：B。

文中描述人物性格开朗，善于与人交往。

选项A 害羞、选项C 安静、选项D 矜持均与文中对人物性格的描述不符。

3.The person in the biography often ____ in his free time.A.reads booksB.watches TVC.plays sportsD.listens to music答案：C。

文中提到人物在空闲时间经常进行体育活动。

选项 A读书、选项B 看电视、选项D 听音乐在文中均未提及。

4.The biography describes the character as having a ____ smile.A.warmB.coldC.fakeD.forced答案：A。

文中形容人物的笑容温暖。

选项 B 冷漠的、选项 C 虚假的、选项D 勉强的均不符合文中对人物笑容的描述。

5.The person in the biography is very ____ to others.A.kindB.meanC.rudeD.cruel答案：A。

文中表现人物对他人很友善。

选项B 吝啬的、选项C 粗鲁的、选项D 残忍的与文中人物形象不符。

6.The main character in the biography is ____ at making friends.A.goodB.badC.terribleD.poor答案：A。