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Ask people to name someone they find charming and the answers are often predictable. There’s James Bond, the fictional spy with a penchant for shaken martinis. Maybe they’ll mention Oprah Winfrey, Bill Clinton or a historical figure, like the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. or Mahatma Gandhi. Now ask the same people to describe, in just a few seconds, what makes these charmers so likable.要是你让人说出一个他心目中有魅力的人的名字，答案通常都可以预测。
有人会说詹姆斯·邦德，那个偏爱摇酒法调制的马提尼的虚构的间谍。
也许会有人提到欧普拉·温弗里，比尔·克林顿，或是某个历史人物，比如小马丁·路德·金牧师，或是圣雄·甘地。
那么现在再让同一个人来用区区几秒钟描述，到底是什么特质让这些魅力十足的人物如此受人爱戴呢？It’s here, in defining what exactly charisma is, that most hit a wall. Instinctually, we know that we’re drawn to certain people more than others. Quantifying why we like them is an entirely different exercise.到此为止，在魅力到底是什么的确切定义过程中，通常就是到这里走进了死胡同。
When bosses walk in employees’ shoes当老板站在员工的角度思考It is hard for managers to understand what life is like for staff. But not impossible 管理者很难理解员工的处境，但也不是不可能Any manager worth their salt knows the value of spending time “walking in their customers’ shoes”. There are many ways to do it. You can observe customers in their natural habitat.任何称职的管理者都知道花时间“站在客户的角度思考”的价值。
想做到这一点有很多办法可行。
你可以对处在自然状态下的顾客进行观察。
Pernod Ricard’s boss recently told Bloomberg, a news service, about his habit of bar-hopping in order to see what people want to drink. Such research is a lot less fun if your company makes soap dispensers for public toilets but the same principle applies.保乐力加的老板最近向彭博社(一家新闻服务机构)透露，他经常会去酒吧看看人们爱喝什么酒。
如果你公司的产品是公厕皂液器，那这种研究方式就不太合适了，不过道理都是一样的。
You can be a customer yourself, buying your company’s products, ringing your own helplines and enduring the same teeth-grinding muzak. Or you can hear from your customers directly.你可以试着购买自家的产品，拨打自家的客服热线，忍受让人咬牙切齿的同款音乐。
Electric-scooter startups are becoming more cautious电动滑板车初创企业变得更加谨慎了They are paying more attention to regulations and norms of road use他们更加注重道路交通的规章制度了On may29th electric scooters began legally to glide down cycle lanes in the Swedish city of Helsingborg.The next day a rider collided with a car and died.The Swedish Transport Authority immediately called for a ban on the devices.The incident highlights the riskiness of the vehicles—and of the fast-growing micromobility business around the world.5月29日，瑞典赫尔辛堡市将电动滑板车合法化，允许人们在自行车道上骑行。
第二天，一名电动滑板车骑手与一辆汽车相撞后身亡。
瑞典交通管理局随后立即呼吁禁止电动滑板车上路。
这一事件凸显了电动滑板车以及全球快速增长的微型交通工具业务所带来的风险。
Motorised versions of children’s kick scooters are notoriously unsafe. Their silent motors catch pedestrians and other road users unawares.电动版的儿童滑板车是出了名的不安全。
由于电动滑板车搭载着无声马达，行人和其他道路使用者往往在不知不觉中就被撞上了。
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
One afternoon in April 2020, I took an old bamboo rod out of my shed and cut it to a length of 115cm. Stood on the ground, it came about halfway up my chest. I laid it on a scrubby patch of our garden on the island of Aegina, in Greece: one end next to a tough-looking dandelion, the other pointed northwards. Then I dug up the dandelion with a trowel and replanted it at the other end of the stick. A small step for humans, but quite the leap for the dandelion.2020年4月的一个下午，我从棚子里拿出一根旧竹竿，把它切成了115厘米的长度。
立在地上，它的长度大概是到我胸部高度的一半。
我把它搁在花园中的一小片灌木丛生的土地上，花园位于希腊的埃吉纳岛（Aegina）上。
竹竿的一端挨着一株看上去很强韧的蒲公英，另一端朝着北方。
随后我用泥铲把蒲公英挖了出来，再把它重新种进竹竿另一端的土里。
对人类来说，这是一小步的距离，但对蒲公英而言却是一次不小的跃进。
This 115cm corresponds to a particular measurement. It is the present average velocity of climate change — how fast the effects of global heating are moving across the surface of the planet — and thus represents the speed we need to move in order for the conditions around us to stay the same. It also implies a direction: the bubble habitats where different forms of life can survive and thrive are moving uphill, and towards the poles.这115厘米所对应的是一个特定的尺寸。
Diary of a home worker一名居家办公者的日记The challenges of concentrating during a lockdown封锁期间，一场注意力集中的挑战Morning:wake up at7am.Listen to radio news full of government restrictions,disease numbers and tales of economic decline.Stop on the way to shower to wake up teenage daughter so she can get ready for school.Daughter tersely points out that her school has been closed for days.早上：7点起床。
听一会广播，全是有关政府限制措施、疫情数据和经济衰退的新闻。
去洗漱时顺便叫醒了女儿，她要准备去上学了。
女儿简短地回应道，学校已经停课好几天了。
7.20:Breakfast is tricky decision.Is the family closer to running out of milk and cereal,or bread?Realise that cat has only two food sachets left.7.20：早餐有点难办。
家里的牛奶、麦片和面包都快吃完了吗？突然意识到猫粮也只剩下两袋了。
7.30:Email inbox consists almost entirely of companies explaining how they are coping with the pandemic.This includes every hotel and restaurant that ever took an online booking.7.30：邮箱收件箱里收到的几乎都是来自各种公司解释他们如何应对这场疫情的邮件。
Have baby, stay in school生孩子还是继续上学？Why teenage mothers in Zimbabwe struggle to get educated为什么津巴布韦的未成年妈妈很难继续接受教育Brilliant Ndlovu has never really known childhood. Since the age of seven she has headed her household in Tsholotsho, a town in rural western Zimbabwe, after her parents went to work abroad. The oldest of five, she scraped a living growing crops while trying to keep up with her schoolwork.聪明的恩德洛夫从未真正经历过童年。
自从7岁起，她的父母去国外工作后，她就一直在津巴布韦西部乡村小镇茨洛特肖主持家务。
她是五个孩子中的老大，一边靠种庄稼勉强糊口，一边还要努力完成学业。
But in 2020 the covid-19 pandemic struck, coming shortly after a devastating drought. Farmers could not afford to pay child labourers like Ms Ndlovu. “So I looked for a man to help support my family,” she recalls. She found one who demanded sex in exchange for money. Aged 17, she got pregnant.但在2020年，经历一场毁灭性的干旱后，新冠疫情又紧随其后。
Why Do Trucks Use Diesel Fuel Instead of Gasoline?为什么卡车要烧柴油而不是汽油?Putting diesel in your regular gas-guzzling automobile isn’t just a waste of money—it can also cause some problems for your car. For semis and other trucks, however, diesel is just what the doctor (or mechanic, rather) ordered. And that’s because those types of vehicles typically have diesel engines, rather than gasoline engines.往你那烧汽油的车里加柴油不仅浪费钱，而且还会给你的汽车带来一些问题。
然而，对于半挂车和其他卡车来说，柴油就是医生（或者说机械师）开的处方。
这是因为这些类型的车辆通常使用柴油发动机，而非汽油发动机。
One big difference between the two engines is how they turn fuel into energy. According to Engineering Explained, gas engines usually use a spark plug to ignite the mixture of fuel and air in the cylinder.这两种发动机之间最大的区别就是将燃料转化为动能的方式。
根据《汽车机械小百科》的解释，汽油发动机通常使用火花塞来点燃气缸内燃料和空气的混合物。
But diesel engines compress the air until it reaches a high enough temperature that the fuel will ignite as soon as it gets injected into the cylinder. In order to heat the air to that point, a diesel engine needs an especially high compression ratio: the cylinder’s volume when the piston is at its highest point compared to the volume when the piston is at its lowest point.而柴油发动机会压缩空气，直到空气达到足够高的温度，燃料一进入气缸就会点燃。
Britain’s young face a poorer future英国年轻一代面临更加贫穷的未来Economic statistics will never fully capture the extent of the sacrifices of Britain’s youth during the pandemic. For a generation of students and pupils it was a lost chance to make friends, explore who they are and, gradually, become adults — as well as to learn, in person. In the face of the deaths in the broader population, it is easy to dismiss as frivolous the setbacks of those who missed partying, travelling and dating during the long months stuck inside but these are still years of carefree youth they will not get back. What is more, most of these privations were primarily to protect those from older generations, the most vulnerable to the coronavirus.经济统计数字将永远不能完全反映出英国青年在这场大流行病中牺牲了多少。
对于这一代学生来说，他们失去了结交朋友、探索自我并逐渐成长为人,以及亲身学习的机会。
在有人死于新冠疫情之际，我们很容易认为被困在室内长达数月而错过聚会、旅行和约会的人所经历的这些挫折无关痛痒，但这是他们再也无法重返的无忧无虑的青春时光。
Donald Trump’s language offers insight into how he won the presidency通过研究唐纳德·特朗普的语言，我们就能明白他是如何赢得总统大选的His linguistic quirks reveal the salesmanship that has made his career 他的语言怪癖揭示了成就他总统事业的推销术Everyone knows how to do a Donald Trump impersonation.In speech, adopt his raspy timbre,bellowing volume and start-stop rhythm.In writing,throw in“bigly”,capitalise Emotional Noun Phrases and end everything with an exclamation mark.每个人都知道如何模仿唐纳德·特朗普。
在演讲中，可以模仿他那种沙哑的嗓音、咆哮般的音量和起伏的节奏。
在写作中，可以多用“bigly”，将表达情绪的名词短语大写，并且所有句子都以感叹号结尾。
Such quirks of enunciation and spelling make Mr Trump easy to mimic, but they do not easily explain his political success.The way he constructs sentences,however,does offer some insight into how he captured the presidency.这些发音和拼写的怪癖使得特朗普很容易被模仿，但很难解释他在政治事业上取得的成功。
不过，他遣词造句的方式确实为他如何赢得总统大选提供了一些见解。
The toils and spoils of Congo’s crocodile-killers
刚果鳄鱼猎手的辛劳与收获
They threaten wildlife.But other jobs are scarce
他们对野生动物构成了威胁，但他们别无选择
Ciceron Nyalowala’s parents are disappointed.Their son took a boat from their riverside village to the city of Mbandaka,in the heart of the Congo Basin rainforest,where he enrolled in a teacher-training college.
西塞隆·尼亚洛瓦拉的父母感到很失望。
他们的儿子乘船从河边的村庄来到了地处刚果盆地中心的姆班达卡市，在那里上了一所师范学校。
They wanted him to become a crocodile hunter,like his father and most of his ancestors.“There is a lot of pressure,”says Mr Nyalowala.Hunting for bush meat is popular—and may pay better than teaching.
他们本想让他成为一名鳄鱼猎手，就像他的父亲和许多祖先那样。
尼亚洛瓦拉说：“我感到压力很大。
”这里有很多人在猎捕野生动物，而且挣得钱可能比教书更多。
However,it harms wildlife in the rainforest,which spans six countries and is second in size only to the Amazon.Around6m tonnes of bush meat are thought to come out of the Congo Basin each year.
然而，捕猎却对热带雨林中的野生动物造成了伤害。
非洲热带雨林横跨六个国家，面积仅次于亚马逊热带雨林。
据估计，全球每年约有600万吨野味来自于刚果盆地。
The number of animals killed for the pot has been increasing,according to a study from2016led by Goethe University Frankfurt.More hunters are selling their prey in markets,instead of eating it themselves.
据法兰克福歌德大学于2016年开始的一项研究显示，刚果盆地被猎杀的野生动物数量一直在增长。
越来越多的猎手开始在市场上出售猎物，而非自己食用。
The trade has emptied out parts of the forest;39%of it is at severe risk of over-hunting,the study says.Everything from bonobos(an endangered species of ape)to cobras,antelopes and,occasionally,elephants,appear at market stalls in Mbandaka.
据该研究称，这项贸易已经导致雨林中的部分野生动物被赶尽杀绝了；39％的物种面临着过度捕猎的严重风险。
从倭黑猩猩(一种濒临灭绝的类人猿)到眼镜蛇、羚羊，甚至还有大象，在姆班达卡的市场摊位上可以看到各种各样的野生动物。
Over-hunting has made life more dangerous for crocodile hunters.The number of dwarf crocodiles,once common in the Congo river,is dwindling.So hunters have to chase the ferocious Nile crocodile instead. There are plenty of those.Their scaly bodies stretch to six metres and they often kill humans.
过度捕猎也使得鳄鱼猎手的处境变得更加危险了。
过去在刚果河很常见的侏儒鳄的数量正在减少。
因此，猎手们不得不转而去猎捕凶猛但数量较多的尼罗鳄。
尼罗鳄的身上布满鳞片，身长可达6米，经常有人被它们所杀害。
Stalkers in canoes go after them at night,shining a torch while stirring the water.“The crocodile does not like that,”says Mr Nyalowala.“He begins to writhe and then comes to attack.”As the animal pounces so do its pursuers,spearing it.
猎手们会在夜晚乘独木舟对鳄鱼进行追猎，在搅动水面的同时用手电筒对其进行照射。
尼亚洛瓦拉说：“鳄鱼不喜欢这样，它会扭动身体，并发起攻击。
”当鳄鱼猛扑而来之时，猎手们便会拿起长矛向它刺去。
A live crocodile fetches more than a dead one in the markets in Mbandaka, so hunters bind their jaws and transport them some200km downstream in their canoes.They sell for around$150each.
在姆班达卡的市场上，活鳄鱼比死鳄鱼卖价更高，所以猎手们会把鳄鱼的嘴巴绑起来，然后乘独木舟将它们带至下游200公里的地方。
每只鳄鱼的售价大约是150美元。
A teacher at a state school,by comparison,earns around$170a month, though many did not get paid at all last year.No wonder Mr Nyalowala’s parents wanted him to follow in his father’s footsteps.
相比之下，公立学校的一名老师每个月的工资大约为170美元，而且去年许多老师根本没有拿到工资。
这也难怪尼亚洛瓦拉的父母希望他能够子承父业。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
enroll[ɪnˈroʊl]v.参加；登记；注册
ferocious[fəˈroʊʃəs]adj.残忍的；惊人的
writhe[raɪð]v.翻滚；蠕动；扭曲；扭动
pounce[paʊns]v.突袭，猛扑。
